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70-92 Boston Street & 61 Ward Street Brownfields Quality Assurance Project - Attachment A - April 2004 i ATTACHMENT A TRC SOPS L2004-123 I 5 TRC STANDARD OPENING PROCEDURE NO. 001 GROUND WATER SAMPLING prepared by: Date — Adam B bgh,P.G_ l - Reviewed by: Date l al f Weiss,P. Senior Hydrogeologist Approved by: Manager Date P t Spawn,Program L2002-061 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Section 1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................... ............................................................ 1-1 Objective--------------------- -----•---- -------------------------------- ........................--_ 1-2 Equipment................................................... 2.0 PROCEDURES ..... ..............:......---------.----------- ----------- - ------ ---2 . ...................•- ling of Monitoring.Wells ........................................................2 2:] Ground Water Sampling ............... - lin of Residential Drinking Water Wells and Industrial Supply 2.2 Ground Water Same g ._ ... . .. .•-_7 Wells......................................_..........__._....------...............Upp1y We11 Sam lin .9 2.3 Duplicate Ground Water and Residential ndustrial S ._ ATTACIFYIENTS ,5 Attachment A Field Data Record Ground Water Attachment B Field Data Record Well Development {r- L2002-061 i TRC SOP No.001 Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 1 of 9 TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 001 GROUND WATER SAMPLING 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in ground water sampling activities. This SOP details equipment and sampling procedures for sampling from monitoring wells,residential drinking water wells,and industrial water supply wells. This SOP- conforms to"A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods(EPA/540/P-87/001)," and "Low Stress(low flow)Purging and Sampling Procedure for the Collection of Ground Water Samples from Monitoring Wells(U.S.EPA,July 30, 1996,Rev.2)_" 1.1 Objective The objective of ground water sampling is to obtain a representative sample of water or Non- Aqueous Phase Liquid(NAPL)from the ground water aquifer. This requires that the sample being collected is representative of true ground water as opposed to stagnant water which is contained in the well casing and associated plumbing. 1.2 Equipment The following equipmt2bould be used when sampling a monitoring well. Site specific conditions may warran use of additional equipment. • Water level measuring device i • Oil/water interface probe • Submersible and/or peristaltic pump with low-flow capabilities,equipped with Teflon or polyethylene/Teflon tubing • Water Parameter instrument and flow-through cell(must include:pH,temperature, conductivity, oxidation reduction potential and dissolved oxygen) • Turbidity meter. • Sample containers • Field Logbook and/or Field Data Record for ground water • Traffic Reports • Chain of Custody forms Custody seals j • Sample preservative kit.(includes preservatives for each specific analysis) • Sample labels j Sample tags j • Packing tape • Zip-lock bags • Packing materials i L2002-061 TRC SOP No_001 Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 2 of 9 • Shipping coolers • Trip blanks(if applicable), • Temperature cooler indicator blanks • Ice or"blue ice" Note: The use of submersible pumps is preferred. Iii cases where submersible pump use is not feasible,peristaltic pumps may be used with caution_ 2.0 PROCEDURES- Equipment and procedures for sampling three.types of wells are described below,including • Monitoring wells; • Residential#ricking water wells;and • Industrial water supply wells., 2.1 Ground Water Sampling of Monitoring Welts The following procedure should be used for collecting a ground water sample from a monitoring well. 1. Prior to c611ec. g wafer samples,place a waterproof sample label on each sample container. Inc ude the following-information on each label: a. TRC Project No.: (e.g.,2850-N61-22) b. Project Name: (e.g.,XYZ Corporation) C. Sample ID.:X-GW-MWIO-41893 Where: X—Site initials(e.g.,XYZ Site) GW—Ground Water Sample MW I O—Well Designation 41893—Sampling Date d. Analysis required:- (e.g.,TOC) C. Preservative: _ (e.g.ICED,pH<2 H2SO4) f. Collection Time: (e.g.,0930) L2002-061 TRC SOP No.001 Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 3 of 9 Collection Date: _ _ (e.g_,4-15793) g- ' h. Initials of Sampler: (e_g.,GLD) Fill in the information with awater proof ink pen before sample collection. This will ! prevent difficulty in filling out a wet label_ Cover the label with clear cellophane tape. 2. On the groundwater field data record note the physical condition of the well,including damage,deterioration,and signs of tampering- 3- Unlock the protective cap on the well. 4. Open the well cap. Note any unusual odors,sounds,or difficulfies in opening the well. Record organic vapor reading with a suitable organic vapor screening device,if ! applicable. fi 5. Gently lower a decontaminated water level measuring device into the well to determine the static-water level. 6. Measure the depth to the bottom of the well and the inside diameter of the well casing, i if unknown. f�' to ,n check for the presence of Light Non - 7_ Check for pres�jence of NAPL: wand DenseNo -Aqueous Phase Liquid(DNAPL) _. Aqueous Phase Liquid(LNAPL) using an oil/Water interface probe_ If present,the NAPL will be sampled, as follows_ a_ LNAPL: If LNAPL is present,gently lower a disposable TeflonO bailer into the well and collect a sample from the upper portion of the water table_ If LNAPL is visible in the bailer,transfer the sampl e to one(1)40 mL VOC_vial with Teflon®-- lined cap(without a septum)for chemical(e.g.,VOCs,SVOCs,Metals/Cyanide, ar for physical(e_g„ Dioxins/Furans and GC Fingerprint) and one(1) 500 mL glass j density,interfacial tension,and viscosity)parameter analyses. If LNAPL is not visible in the bailer or the oil/Water interface probe does not detect LNAPL and the presence of LNAPL is suspected, then lower a Teflon®strip into the well,allowing the strip to pass through the surface of the liquid in the well_ Gently withdraw the using the appropriate preservatives_ strip;and field-preserve b. DNAPL: DNAPL samples may be collected from the bottom of a well using a low- flow sampling pump and Teflon®tubing set close to the bottom of the well such as described below(under task no. 7)for low-flow sampling_ A bottom-loading bailer ortion of the water or discrete-depth canister capable of sampling the lowest p column in the well may also be used_ 1 ! I 12002-061 TRC SOP No.001. Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 4 of 9 8. Initiate purging. Slowly lower the pumping equipment or tubing so that the intake is located at the midpoint of the well screen_ If the water level is lower than the top of the well screen,position.the pump intake at the midpoint of the standing water. The intake should be at least 1 foot above the bottom of the well to minimize mobilization of settled sediment,the risk of the pumping suction being broken, or the entrainment of air in the sample. As described above,lower the pump to the appropriate depth within the well. Commence purging at the slowest tubing possible rate and slowly increase the speed until discharge occurs. Measure the flow rate using a plastic graduated cylinder and time piece. Adjust the pump speed to maintain flow rate that is less than the recharge rate. Monitor the draw down to ensure that none occurs. Continue to monitor the water level during the purging and sampling. Note any flow rate adjustment(s). Under no circumstances should the well be pumped dry and once pumping is.begun,it should not be interrupted until the entire sample volume has been collected. Collect all purge water in a bucket. Note:. In situations where submersible pumps are not feasible(i.e.,narrow diameter wells), peristaltic pumps may be used with caution. These cautions are used to minimize(to the extent possible)the potential for degassing and loss of volatile compounds. These.cautions may include: �r- 1. LowXr the intake of the peristaltic pump to the center of the well screen. 2. Maintain constant pumping rate. 3. To minimize(to the extent possible)surging during pumping during sample collection(and resulting in degassing and loss of volatile compounds),the. sample tubing will be narrowed by the use of clamps or smaller diametei tubing inserts_ 4. Set pumping rate to minimize surging and carefully fill VOC sample containers. It is anticipated that submersible pumps will be used at all monitoring wells. Nonetheless,the use of peristaltic pumps may be necessary at wells where use of submersible pumps is not feasible. 9. Initially,turbidity may be elevated. Once visual estimates indicate that turbidity has decreased to a measurable range,begin monitoring indicator parameters:temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen(DO),turbidity,and oxidation/reduction potential(ORP). Monitor these parameters as frequently as possible(approximately every 3 to 5 minutes or as appropriate). L2002-061 TRC SOP No.0101 Version 5.0 February 13,2DO2 Page 5 of 9 Stop purging when pH and specific conductance have stabilized and turbidity is 5 IgW,s or less. Parameters are considered to have stabilized if,over three consecutive readings,all of the following criteria are met_ pH f 0.1 unit specific conductance and temperature within 3% turbidity within 100/9 for values greater than 1 nephelometric turbidity units(NT[3) • DO f 10% ORP f10 my than S N`TUs, However,if parameters do not stabilize,or turbidity remains greater technical judgement will be used to ascertain when sampling should be commenced_ The flo_A.rate will be reduced to minimize aeration of the water and a sample will k collected directly for volatile organic compounds(VOCs). A"test"vial will be collected first to determine the amount of preservative.(HCI)needed to reduce the pH to less than 2. The pH of the test sample will be determined,then HCl will be incrementally added to the sample until the pH is less than 2. The volume of HCI aalded' e. to the test vial will be recorded and that amount used in each of the remaining p vials. If the test.vial effervesces,no preservatives will be added to the VOC fraction of the sample. Ei _ / d sampling),the tubing should remain filled with water so as to Hang purgmg n contact with the atmosphere. All minimize pospible changes in water chemistry upon sunlight to minimize the potential for out gassing flow cells will be shaded from direct It is recommended that I I4 inch or 318 inch(inside diameter)tubing be used to help ensure that the sample tubing remains water filled. If the pump tubing is not completely rocedures to collect samples:(1) filled to the sampling point,use one of the following p d of add clamp,connector(Teflon or stainless steel)or valve to constrict.same end of tubing, (2) insert small diameter Teflon tubing into water filled portion of pump g collect sample from allowing the end to protrude beyond the end of the pump tubing, small diameter tubing;(3)collect non VOC samples first,then increase flow rate slightly until the water completely fills the tubing,collect sample and record new drawdown,flow rate and new indicator field parameter values. 1Q. -Fractions.of the ground water sample should be collected in the following order. I. Volatile organic compounds(VOCs); 2. Semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs); 3. Unfiltered.iiiorganic compounds; 4. Filtered inorganic compounds;and 5. Water quality parameters. 12002-061 TRC SOP No.001 Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 6 of 9 During sample collection, allow the water to flow directly down the side of the sample container without allowing:the tubing the touch the inside of the sample container or lid, in order to minimize aeration and maintain sample integrity. Samples for volatile organics will be collected first,and the sample vial must contain no air bubbles after it has been capped; ensure this by turning the vial upside down and tapping it lightly. If any bubbles are observed,discard the sample and collect a new. sample. Fill the remaining sample containers at least 3/4 full for all other analyses. 11. Preserve the samples in accordance with."40 CFR Part 136,EPA Regulations on Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants." Measure and record the final water level,temperature,pH,specific conductance,DO, turbidity, and ORP readings. After measuring for final indicator parameters,cease pumping,and disassemble the purging and sampling equipment. C. • Replace the protectivehocking cover on the well and lock the outer casing(if present). • Dispose of all purged water according to the procedures described in Appendix H_ To ensure that representative ground water samples are collected, ground water will be removed from Ch well until in-situ ground water parameters stabilize and a turbidity of less than 5 ItWs is achieved. If stabilization of in-situ parameters is not achieved, a. maximum of f�ve well volumes will be removed prior to sampling. Ground water will be removed from the wells utilizing a submersible pump_ In circumstances where access via pump is not possible(i.e.,a narrow diameter well mouth)a peristaltic pump or a dedicated teflon or stainless steel bailer will be used. The method of purging the wells will depend on the well construction,depth,and rate of recharge. All monitoring wells will be permitted to recharge before ground water samples are collected. 12. Wrap the sample containers in a resealable plastic bag,place them into a shipping container,cool to VC with ice packs and complete the chain-of-custody form. Pad the samples with bubble wrap and/or vern iculite packing as necessary. 13. Detail in the field logbook the sample location,ID,and time. The TRC field data record for ground water(attached)should be used to record the following: • Volume of each sample • Sample identification Number • Sample location • Time and date sample was taken • Personnel performing the task I2bo2-061 TRC SOP No.001 - Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 7 of 9 • Volume of water removed • Purging time • Field parameters such as pH,temperature,conductivity,turbidity oxidation reduction potential and dissolved oxygen Sampling method • Analytical parameters preservation method and amount of preservative added Chain-of-custody information such as laboratory contract number or CLP number 2.2 Ground Water Sampling of Residential Drinking Water Wells and Industrial Supply Wells The following procedure should be used for collecting a ground water sample from a residential well. . c. 1. Every effort should be made to locate a suitable sampling point which is not positioned. after any type of filtration or water treatment system. This will typically be an outside tap. If such anon-filtered or non-treated sample cannot be obtained,an effort will be made to disconnect the filtration/treatment system prior to sample collection after.owner permission is received. If the sampling tap has an aerator device, the aerator will be removed prior to sampling. 2. The amount of 6tatic water volume contained in the well system(i.e.,inside well casing, storage tank,plumbing)will be calculated. The volume of the static water column will be calculated using the following equation. V=dZ h(0.0408) where: V = volume of static water column(gallons) d = diameter of the well(inches) h = height of the static water column(feet) - (0.0408)=unit conversion factor 3. At a minimum,the volume of the holding tank will be purged prior to sample collection. If the well is not used regularly,one to three well system volumes will be purged if the well recharges quickly and it is feasible to dispose of a large volume of water. Temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen,oxidation reduction potential and conductivity of the water will be monitored periodically_ When these indicator parameters have stabilized within 10 percent,the well will be sampled. L2002-061 TRC SOP No.001- Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 8 of 9 Purged water should be disposed,-at a minimum,twenty-five feet downgradient of the well. If purge water cannot be disposed of on site,it should be containerized in 55- gallon drums. 4. The flow rate of the tap will be reduced to minimize aeration of the water and a sample Will be collected directly from the tap for volatile organic compounds(VOCs): A"test" vial will be collected first to determine the amount of preservative(HCL),needed to reduce the pH to less than 2. The pH of the test sample will be determined,then HCi will be incrementally added to the sample until the pH is less than 2. The volume of HCl added to the test vial will be recorded and that amount used in each of the remaining sample vials. If the test vial effervesces,no preservatives will be added to the VOC fraction of the sample. 5. The flo*.rate will then be increased,and the remaining fractions will be collected in the following order.. 1. Semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs); 2. Unfiltered inorganic compounds; 3. Filtered inorganic compounds;and 4. Water quality parameters. r All fractions Of ground water samples will be preserved in the field in accordance with "40 CFR Part 136,EPA Regulations on Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants." 6. Wrap the sample containers in a resealable plastic bag,place them into a shipping. container,cool with ice packs to 4°C,and complete the chain-of-custody form. Pad the samples with bubble wrap and vermiculite packing as necessary. 7. Detail in the field logbook or ground water sample collection form,the following information: • Sample identification Number . • Sample location • .Volume of water removed • Purging time • Field parameters such as pH,temperature,conductivity and turbidity • Sampling method • Analytical parameters • Preservation method and amount of preservative added • Chain-of-custody information such as laboratory contract number or CLP number. L2002-061 TRc SOP No.001 Version 5.0 February 13,2002 Page 9 of 9 2.3 Duplicate Ground Water and ResidentiaVIndustrial Supply Well Sampling The following procedures should be used for collecting duplicate ground water and residential/industrial supply well samples: 1. For quality control purposes,each duplicate sample will be submitted to the laboratory as a"blind"duplicate sample,in that a non-existing sampling point will be assigned in labeling the duplicate. All labeling procedures used for ground water suppling will be employed and all parameters measured will also be recorded. Since the duplicate is . collected simultaneously to the actual sample,a"blind"sample time,within one how of the actual time,will also be assigned- The actual source and collection time of the duplicate sample will be recorded in the field book. 2. Each duplicate sample will be collected simultaneously with the actual sample. At the coincident step in the sampling procedures that the VOC containers are filled and sealed, the duplicate sample VOC containers will also be filled and sealed. Following the order of collection specified for each.set of containers.(VOCS,SVOCs,unfiltered inorganic compounds, and filtered inorganic compounds),the-duplicate sample containers will be filled simultaneously with each parameter. 3. All collection and. reservation procedures outlined for ground water and �ial supply well sampling will be followed for each duplicate sample. residentia)rndus�# l L20M-061 THCProject: Project No-: Datelfirrte: Sheet_of field Data Record Contractos Personnel: TM round Water Personnel: ple No.: Well Location: µ; EL INTEGRfTY -- Protective Weft top of riser measured YES NO Casing Stick-up It. Depth it ��ground) fop of casing historical otecL CasMg Secure _ - "crete Coltw k4ac Riser Stick-up — Water 'C Stick-up Intact (from ground) - IL Depth tL. 0 Cap Present — cuotr Lock Present H H WELL DIAMETER 21nch Height of .16 gam(2 In.) 4 k ch Water Column fL x -6S galift(4 in.) 6 kKh 1.5 gawt(6 ln.). SCREENING MEAS. — — '— — — Volume of Water In Well= gallon(s) ckground WELL MATERIAL ❑ 11 11 Total gallons Mouth PVC SS [Vol r2140.163)] to purge :D WATER QUALM MEASUREMENTS ge Volume(gan [SUL Units) Sample Description " ivoits) .duct pear Turbid ❑ (pmhoslcm) _ -p-(C) Color - '�M Odor - =3 Other PLE EQUIPMECON. PURGE SAMPLE EQUIPMENTID DECOM FLUID USED :taltic Pump nersible Pump - Tap Water r - Atconox rra Tap Water. NN03 (1 or 10%) Silicon Tubing. Tap Water NSpicm Tubing DESCRIPTION OF DECON.PROQ Methanol- It Hexane r Filter Acetone ure Vacuum ffiter Air Dry uring Tape DI Water Air Dry. None 'i7CAL PARAMETERS Altered Preservation Volume Time of C_Lp CUP cf<ce Method R . aired Collection Savm4e a case- T.CL Volatiles YES NO 4'C 2x40 mL sNA ExtraNebles YES NO 4'C 4xi L Arab GL 'Cllwvestiddes YES NO '4-C SAL Metals1iNO3/40 C i L PL :yanide _ YES NO NaOW4'G 1 L PL YES NO Rer. 8 July 1991 ` . 7RC Project Project No.: Datefilnne: Sheet of Field Data Record TRC Personnel: Well Development - Weil identificaWM WELL WYEGRUY Pr-otect!Y� WeN top of rfser __measured YES Ho Casktg Stick-up R ' fL top of casing ❑ historical protect.Casing Secure (from Wound) Concrete Cogan Intact Filson Stick-up Water PVC StIck-W k4act ({�Wouncil tE Deptb fL Well Cap Present _ — ..-_ ._ ..._ -- - :16 gatlR(21rc) S�Y Loa Present WELL DIAMETER = 2 inch "OVA of 9 �) 4 knh Water Cokxon - It. x .65 1.5 93M(6 kr.) 6 kKh _. L—kc) PID SCREENING MEAS. _ — — — — YoMne of Water in Well= ga"s). WELL MATERIAL Badcgrourxl ❑. - ❑ ❑ - Total gagons Well Mouth (VOL-r2 W1 p)1 to purge Pvc SS Fil"WATER QUALfiY MEASUREMENTS Purge Volume(gar - Eh(rrrlilivolts) Conduct b"bos1va* - Tt"X DO(ram) Purge volume(gal PH(Std.Units) Eh(miUivQlfs) conduct 6mgms/cm) Temp.(C) Turb.(NTIn DO(mgll) EQUIPMENT PURGE SAMPLE EQUMPMBft ID DECON.FI t110 USEa Pedstalflc Pump Tap Water Submersible Pump Alcorw 1 Baler Tap Water Waters Hmcrj(1 orI*%) PVCISilcon Tubing Tap Water TetlordSilicon Tubing DM=SCRIPTION OF DECON.PROC. Memanof Air lift Hexane In-line Fitter Amtom Air Dry Pressure Vacuum FMer DI Water Measuring Tape Ak Dry - 1 wawa _ - -- ttev_ 8 Juy 1991 ruft.C. STANDARD OPERATING RROCEDURE Title: Procedure Number. Equipment Decontamination Procedures 004 Supersedes: Revision Number. 0 Reason for Revision: Effective Date: August 2003 Authorization Signatures � ,➢� Author Date Technical Review D e Quality Assurance Review Da Todd Maier1�3 Adam Balogh � p Elizabeth Denly Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 7 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE I I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................3 1.1 Scope and Applicability 1.2 Summary of Method................:.............. .......3 1.3 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................3 1.4 Definitions...............................................................................................4 .1.5 Health & Safety Warnings.......................................................................5 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems............................................................5 1.7 Personnel Qualifications.........................................................................6 2.0 PROCEDURES...............................................................................................6 2.1 General...................................................................................................6 2.1.1 Physical Decontamination Procedures ...........................................7 2.2 Procedure for Soil Sampling Equipment.................................................8 2.3 Procedure for Ground Water Sampling Equipment.............................:...9 2.4 Procedure for Measuring Equipment.................................................:..11 3.0 DECONTAMINATION WASTE DISPOSAL.........................................................11 3.1 Planning for Decontamination-related IDW Generation and Management...............................•--.......................---.............................. 12 3.2 Characterization of 1DW........................................................................12 3.3 On-site ID IN Management Options....................................................... 12 3.4 Off-site Disposal of IDW......................................................................::13 4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCEIQUALITY CONTROL.....................................................13 5.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT......................................13 6.0 REFERENCES ........................:....................................................................14 i i i L I Page Equipment Decontamination Procedures Pa 9 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE I rf,1,,n c_-7� 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Applicability This.Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the procedures for decontamination of field equipment used in hazardous waste investigations. Preventing or minimizing cross-contamination of samples is important for preventing the introduction of sampling error into sample results and for protecting the health and safety of site personnel. Removing or neutralizing contaminants that have accumulated on tools and vehicles ensures protection of personnel from permeating substances,reduces or eliminates transfer of contaminants to clean areas,prevents the mixing of incompatible substances,and minimizes the likelihood of sample cross-contamination. The use of dedicated,disposable sampling tools(e.g.,disposable liners,plastic spoons,plastic bowls)should be considered as an alternative to the generation of decontamination fluids. 1.2 Summary of Method Equipment decontamination is used to remove potential contaminants from a sampling device or piece of field equipment prior to and between collection of samples and is also used to limit personnel exposure to residual contamination that may be present on used field equipment. Contaminants can be physically removed from equipment or deactivated by sterilization or disinfection_ Gross contamination of equipment requires physical decontamination,including abrasive and non-abrasive methods. These include the use of brushes,air and wet blasting, and high-pressure water cleaning, followed by a wash/rinse process using appropriate cleaning solutions. Use of a solvent rinse is required when organic contamination is present and use of an acid rinse is required when inorganic contamination is present. Equipment decontamination procedures can vary depending on the media being sampled and the type of sampling equipment being used. Disposal of decontamination fluids will be handled on a project-specific basis and will be in accordance with all applicable regulations.. All investigation-derived waste(IDW)generated during field work must be appropriately. managed and disposed. There are numerous on-site and off-site disposal options that must be reviewed prior to commencing fieldwork. The decision for selecting the IDW management and disposal method will consider protection of human heath and the environment,cost effectiveness, and applicable regulations and requirements. 1.3 Equipment and Supplies The following equipment may be utilized when decontaminating equipment. Site-specific conditions may warrant the use or deletion of items from this list. Appropriate 4evel of personal protection; 1 Alconox,liquinox or other non-phosphate concentrated laboratory-grade soap; Simple Greeffm i Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 3 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE • Deionized water; • Steam cleaner; • Pump sprayer; • High-pressure washer, • Pressure sprayer; • 1-Pint Squeeze bottle filled with pesticide-grade hexane; • 1-Pint Squeeze bottle filled with pesticide-grade methanol; • 1-Pint Squeeze bottle filled with pesticide-grade isopropanol; • 1-Pint Squeeze bottle filled with ten(10)percent nitric acid; • 1-Pint Squeeze bottle filled with one(1)percent nitric acid; • 1-Pint Squeeze bottle filled with tap water and a non-phosphate laboratory-grade soap (approximately 1 tablespoon of soap to 5 gallons of water); • Extra quantities of above listed liquids; • Potable water(used for dilution of decontamination fluids, steam cleaning,or pressure washing); • Buckets or washbasins(the type and number of containers is dependent on the procedure); • Two coarse scrub brushes; • Small wire brush; • Aluminum foil; Polyethylene sheeting; • Two 5-gallon buckets; • All necessary personal protective equipment(steel-toed boots,gloves, eyewear,tyveks); • FID; and • 4 inch Schd 40 PVC pipe 4 feet in length with an end cap for decontamination of pumps and associated tubing. 1.4 Definitions SOP Standard Operating Procedure PVC Polyvinyl Chloride ANSI American National Standards Institute OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration FID Flame Ionization Detector PPE Personnel Protective Equipment Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 4 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 0812003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TRCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings TRC employees will be on site when implementing this SOP. Therefore,TRC personnel shall follow the site-specific Health&Safety Plan.TRC personnel will use the appropriate level of PPE,which includes(at a minimum)the following: 1) hardhat,2) safety boots (steel toe/steel shank); 3) safety glasses;and 4)chemical-resistant gloves. TRC personnel will implement this SOP only in the appropriate demarcated Contamination Reduction Zone and not the Support Zone. See Attachment A for a figure illustrating where decontamination procedures will be performed in a typical site layout. Implementing this SOP will require the use of reagents..These substances may be hazardous materials and TRC will appropriately handle and store them at all times. Hazardous substances may be incompatible with decontamination methods. For example,the decontamination solution or solvent may react with contaminants to produce heat,chemical reaction,or toxic products. Decontamination methods may be incompatible with clothing or equipment; some solvents can permeate or degrade protective clothing. Also,decontamination solutions and solvents(i.e., hexane)may pose a direct health hazard to workers through inhalation or skin contact or if they combust. 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems • The use of deionized water commonly available from commercial vendors may be acceptable for decontamination of sampling equipment provided that it has been certified by the vendor as analyte free. • Avoid using an excessive amount of soap during decontamination procedures as this could result in difficulty rinsing the soap residue off of the equipment. Typically the soap solution is prepared using one tablespoon of soap to five gallons of water. • Spent decontamination solutions are considered IDW must be managed as directed by the site-specific field program. Section 3 of this SOP provides more details-on the disposal procedures. • Several procedures can be established to minimize contact with waste and the potential for contamination. For example: J The use of methanol in the decontamination procedure may not be appropriate if methanol is a contaminant of concern. hi this instance, the use of deionized water only should be sufficient. - Isopropanol may be used as a substitute to methanol but may not be appropriate when collecting samples for volatile organic compound(VOC)analyses. Residual isopropanol on the equipment may cause significant interferences in the subsequent VOC analyses of these samples and may result in unnecessary dilutions and/or false positive results. - If hexane is used in the decontamination procedure, caution should be used to ensure that the equipment is completely rinsed after the hexane rinse when samples are to be analyzed for VOCs and volatile petroleum hydrocarbons(VPH). Residual Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 5 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For lnformadon Only f STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE hexane on equipment could interfere with the VOC and VPH analyses and may result in unnecessary dilutions and/or false positive results. An FID can be used to measure residual organic vapors on the equipment when the hexane rinse is used. If hexane is used in the.decontamination procedure, all hexane rinses must be containerized. Cover monitoring and sampling equipment with protective material(i.e., aluminum foil,polyethylene sheeting,ZiplocTm bags)to minimize contamination after decontamination. Use disposable sampling equipment when appropriate to minimize the need for decontamination. 'Although disposable sampling tools are encouraged in order to minimize the generation of decontamination fluids,it should be noted that plastic tools are not appropriate for collection of samples to be analyzed for semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs),pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).. Potential phthalate contamination may cause significant interferences in the subsequent analyses and may result in unnecessary dilutions and/or false positive results. • Equipment that is not decontaminated properly may result in potentially high biased results in field samples. Note:Rinsate blank collection is ideal after decontamination of equipment used to collect highly contaminated samples. 1.7 Personnel Qualifications Since this SOP will be implemented at sites or in work areas that entail potential exposure to toxic chemicals or hazardous environments, all TRC personnel must be adequately trained. All personnel utilizing this SOP must have completed the following: • 40-hour OSHA training • 8-hour annual refresher training In addition to the 40-hour initial OSHA training(and annual 8-hour refresher training),all TRC field staff will complete 24 hours of supervised field experience that contribute toward the 24- hour field supervised requirement in compliance with OSHA regulation: 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(4). 2.0. PROCEDURES Refer to the site specific sampling plan and Quality Assurance Project Plan(QAPP), if applicable, for site-specific procedures. 2.1 General All personnel,samples,and equipment leaving the contaminated area of a site must be decontaminated. Various decontamination methods will either physically remove contaminants, inactivate contariiinants by disinfection or sterilization, or both. Always develop a decontamination plan before entering the Hot Zone. The decontamination plan must include a designated contamination reduction zone that is properly stocked with Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 6 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE decontamination materials,contaminated equipment laydown areas,and the site-specific decontamination methods to be utilized. The decontamination plan must be recorded in the logbook. 2.1.1 Physical Decontamination Procedures In many cases,gross contamination can be removed by physical means. The physical decontamination techniques appropriate for equipment decontamination can be grouped into two categories: abrasive methods and non-abrasive methods. ABRASIVE CLEANING METHODS APPROPRIATE FOR DRILLING EQUIPMENT (DRILL RIGS, ETC.) Abrasive cleaning methods work by rubbing and wearing away the top layer of the surface containing the contaminant. The following abrasive methods are available but are not commonly used: • Mechanical: Mechanical cleaning methods use brushes of metal or nylon. The amount and type of contaminants removed will vary with the hardness of bristles,length of brushing time, and degree of brush contact. • Air Blasting: Air blasting is used for cleaning large equipment, such as bulldozers,drilling rigs,or auger bits. The equipment used in air blasting employs compressed air to force abrasive material through a nozzle at high velocities. The distance between the nozzle and the surface cleaned,as well as the pressure of air,the time-of application,and the angle at which the abrasive material strikes the surface, determines cleaning efficiency. Air blasting has several disadvantages: it is unable to control the amount of materials removed,it can aerate contaminants,and it generates large amounts of waste. • Wet Blasting: Wet blasting,also used to clean large equipment, involves use of a suspended fine abrasive delivered by compressed air to the contaminated area. The amount of materials removed can be carefully controlled by using very fine abrasives. One disadvantage of this method is the generation of a large amount of waste. NON-ABRASIVE CLEANING METHODS APPROPRIATE FOR FIELD EQUIPMENT (DRILLING AUGERS & RIGS, ETC.) Non-abrasive cleaning methods work by forcing the contaminant off of a surface with pressure. In general,less of the equipment surface is removed using non-abrasive methods. The following non-abrasive methods are available: High-Pressure Potable Water. This method consists of a high-pressure pump,and operator- controlled directional nozzle,and a high pressure hose. Operating pressure usually ranges from 340 to 680 atmospheres(atm)which relates to flow rates of 20 to 140 liters per minute. r This procedure is used the majority of the time and is more appropriate for equipment with painted surfaces. Ultra-High-Pressure Potable Water. This system produces a pressurized water jet(from 1,000 to 4,000 atm). The ultra-high-pressure spray removes tightly-adhered surface film. The water velocity ranges from 500 m/sec(1,000 atm)to 900 m/sec(4,000 atm). Additives Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 7 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE- can enhance the method. This method is not applicable for hand-held sampling equipment. This procedure is not commonly used but would be appropriate for cast iron rods and drilling augers. 2.2 Procedure for Soil Sampling Equipment Soil sampling.equipment,such as split spoon samplers,shovels,hand augers,trowels, spoons, and spatulas will be cleaned using the following procedure. 1. Lay out sufficient polyethylene sheeting on the ground or floor to allow placement of the three plastic washbasins or buckets and an air drying area. Place washbasins on the polyethylene sheeting. 2. Fill the first washbasin with potable tap water. Add sufficient non-phosphate concentrated laboratory-grade soap to cause suds to form in the basin. Do not use an excessive amount of the soap or rinsing the soap residue off the equipment will be difficult. See Section 1.3 for the proper ratio of soap to water. 3. .Brush any visible dirt off of the sampling equipment before getting equipment wet. 4. Using a clean coarse scrub brush,submerge and wash the sampling equipment in the soap solution in the first basin,removing all dirt. Allow excess soap to drain off the equipment when finished.. 5. Rinse the equipment with tap water over the second basin,using a coarse scrub brush or pressure sprayer to aid in the rinse, if necessary. 6. ***Rinse the equipment with nitric acid over the third basin if sampling for metals is to be performed. A 10 percent nitric acid solution is used on stainless steel equipment. A one percent nitric acid solution is used on all other equipment. If no metals analyses are being performed on the associated samples,this step may be omitted. 7. Spray down the equipment over the third basin,using deionized water. 8. ***Spray down the equipment over the third basin,using pesticide-grade methanol(see Caution and Potential Problems),if sampling for organic compounds is to be performed. If oily,a pesticide-grade hexane rinse should follow the methanol rinse,or as an alternative Simple Green TM can be used if approved by the project manager. If no samples for organic analyses are being collected,this step may be omitted. ***These steps are optional and will be used on a site-specific basis. The Quality Assurance Project Plan(QAPP),if available,should be consulted. In the absence of a QAPP,the project manager will decide upon the necessity of these steps. NOTE: In some instances,project requirements may call for the use of isopropanol instead of methanol. When no project requirements exist,methanol should be used. 9. Allow the equipment to completely air dry on clean polyethylene sheeting(See *Note). 10. Rinse the equipment over the third basin,using deionized water. Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 8 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 11. Allow the equipment to completely air dry on clean polyethylene sheeting(See*NOTE). *NOTE that if temperature or humidity conditions preclude air drying equipment,sufficient spares,if possible, should be available so that no item of sampling equipment need be-used more than once. If an ample amount of spare equipment is not available and the equipment will not completely air dry,additional rinses with deionized.water should be used. The inability of equipment to air dry and the.usage of additional rinses should be recorded in the field logbook or on the appropriate form. 12. Reassemble equipment, if necessary,and wrap completely in clean,unused aluminum foil, shiny side out for transport. Re-use of equipment on the same day without wrapping in foil is acceptable. 13. Spent decontamination fluids are considered IDW and must be managed as directed by the site-specific field program. 14. Record the decontamination procedure in the field logbook or on appropriate field form. 15. If step 8 was performed,check the equipment for the presence of residual solvents with a flame ionization detector,if available,prior to use. If detection occurs,disassemble the equipment and allow to air dry until no readings are observed,then re-rerinse with deionized water. It should be noted that an FID must be used for this step as a PID will not detect the residual hexane or methanol. Z.3 Procedure for Ground Water Sampling Equipment Ground water sampling equipment,such as bailers tethers and pumps,will be cleaned using the P gP P , g following procedure. 1. Lay out sufficient polyethylene sheeting on the ground or floor to allow placement of the three plastic washbasins or buckets and an air drying area. Place washbasins on the polyethylene sheeting. 2. Fill the first washbasin with potable tap water..Add sufficient non-phosphate concentrated laboratory-grade soap to cause suds to form in the basin. Do not use an excessive amount of the soap or rinsing the soap residue off the equipment will be difficult. See Section 1.3 for the proper ratio of soap to water. 3. Brush any visible dirt off of the sampling equipment before getting equipment wet. 4. Using a clean coarse scrub brush,submerge and wash the sampling equipment in the soap solution in the first basin,removing all dirt. Allow excess soap to drain off the equipment when finished. 5. Rinse the equipment with tap water over the-second basin,using a coarse scrub brush or pressure sprayer to aid in the rinse,if necessary. 6. ***Rinse the equipment with nitric acid over the third basin if sampling for metals is to be performed. A 10 percent nitric acid solution is used on stainless steel equipment. A one { Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 9 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document ForinformaUon Only TRCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE percent nitric acid solution'is used on all other equipment. If no metals analyses are being performed on the associated samples,this step may be omitted. 7. Spray down the equipment over the third basin,using deionized water. 8. ***Spray down the equipment over the third basin,using pesticide-grade methanol,.if sampling for organic.compounds is to be performed. If oily,a pesticide-grade hexane rinse should follow the methanol rinse,or as an alternative Simple Green TM can be used if approved by the project manager. If no organic analyses are being performed,this step may be omitted. ***These steps may be used on a site-specific basis. The Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP),if available,should be consulted. In the absence of a QAPP,the project manager will decide upon the necessity of these steps. NOTE: In some instances,project requirements may call for the use of isopropanol instead of methanol. When no project requirements exist,methanol should be used. 9. Allow the equipment to completely air dry on clean polyethylene sheeting(See*NOTE). 10. Rinse the equipment over the third basin,using deionized water. 11. Allow the equipment to completely air dry on clean polyethylene sheeting(See*NOTE). 12. Reassemble equipment,if necessary,and wrap completely in clean,unused aluminum foil, shiny side out for transport. Re-use of equipment on the same day without wrapping in foil is acceptable. 13. Spent decontamination fluids are considered IDW and must be managed as directed by the site-specific field program. 14. Record the decontamination procedure in the field logbook or appropriate field form. 15. If step 8 was performed,check the equipment for the presence of residual solvents with a flame ionization detector prior to use. If detection occurs,disassemble the equipment and allow to air dry until-no readings are observed,then re-rinse with deionized water. It should be noted that an FID must be used for this step as a PID will not detect the residual hexane or methanol. *NOTE that if temperature or humidity conditions preclude air drying equipment,sufficient spares,if possible, should be available so that no item of sampling equipment need be used more than once. If an ample amount of spare equipment is not available and the equipment will not completely air dry,additional rinses with deionized water should be used. The inability of equipment to air dry and the usage of additional rinses should be recorded in the field logbook or on the appropriate form. Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 10 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.4 Procedure for Measuring Equipment Measuring equipment, such as pressure transducers,water level indicators,oil/water interface probes,pumps,tubing, soil moisture/pH meters,survey rods, and tripods will be cleaned using the following procedure. I: Fill two clean basins with tap water. 2. Add sufficient non-phosphate concentrated laboratory-grade soap to one basin to form a thin layer of soap suds. If oily residues are apparent,the use of Simple Green TM may be required. 3. Immerse the device in the basin containing soap and gently agitate. Scrub device if it is soiled. Do not submerse any electrical connectors or take-up reels,only that portion of the device that came in contact with potentially contaminated water. 4. Immerse the device in the basin containing the tap water and gently agitate. Do not submerse any electrical connectors or take-up reels,only that portion of the device that came in contact with contaminated water. 5. Spray rinse equipment with deionized water. 6. Allow the equipment to air dry. 7. Record the decontamination procedure in the field logbook or appropriate field form 3.0 DECONTAMINATION WASTE DISPOSAL Options are available for management of decontamination-related investigation-derived wastes (IDW) generated during site investigations. These wastes include: decontamination fluids (water and other fluids)and disposable sampling equipment. Program and state-specific requirements will dictate the management of IDW. Therefore,project managers and field team leaders should be familiar with this guidance and site-specific requirements. i The important elements are: Leaving a site in no worse condition than existed prior to the investigation Removing those wastes that pose an immediate threat to human health of the environment Leaving on-site wastes that do not require off-site disposal or extended above-ground containerization • Complying with.federal and state applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs) i0 Careful planning and coordination for IDW management Minimizing the quantity of generated wastes Characterizing the waste jEquipment Decontamination Procedures Page 1 of 15 1 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only rac. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Note: removal of wastes from a site may not be the most appropriate management technique. The goals of the program should be prescribed prior to commencing field activities. 3.1 Planning.for Decontamination-related IDW Generation and Management The most important phase of decontamination-related IDW management is planning for waste generation and handling before field activity starts. In the planning phase,the project team must decide if decontamination-related IDW.can be left onsite or must be disposed off-site. Since some sites may have both RCRA hazardous and RCRA nonhazardous IDW;the project team must be familiar with all relevant statutes and requirements The approach to IDW generation and management should consider: • Methods of IDW minimization • Type(s)of IDW • Quantity of IDW • Applicable requirements • On-site and off-site management methods • Containerziation,storage,testing, and transportation methods of off-site IDW disposal 3.2 Characterization of IDW In order to properly manage decontamination-related IDW in compliance with regulations and requirements,reasonable efforts should be made to characterize the waste. IDW characterization efforts should be consistent with the scope and purpose of the investigation. In some cases,this may involve containerization in drums with analytical sampling. In other circumstances,the nature of the wastes could be assessed by applying best professional judgment using readily available information about the site and decontamination activities as well as direct actions and observations(segregation at point-of-use,etc.)and field screening measurements. The fact that extensive resources need not be used in characterization decontamination-related IDW does not mean that this IDW can be assumed to be nonhazardous unless clearly proven otherwise. 3.3 On-site IDW Management Options If decontamination-related IDW are RCRA nonhazardous and there are no conflicting state requirements, they may be appropriately managed on-site. The field team leader must discuss with the project manager the procedures for handling IDW on-site and notify all appropriate parties. The on-site management options consist of Decontamination fluids • Evaporation Dilute with water and pour.onto ground to allow infiltration ' Dispose of at the site's operating treatment and disposal unit(TDII) • Containerize•for off-site disposal Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 12 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controller/Document For/nformation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 3.4 Off-site Disposal of IDW Decontamination-related IDW designated for off-site disposal must be properly containerized, tested,and stored before pick-up and disposal. The following types of IDW will likely require off-site disposal: RCRA hazardous fluid Planning for off-site disposal should consider: • Agreements with property owner • Identification of acceptable disposal facilities • Subcontracting process for testing,pick-up,and disposal • Coordination of IDW generation with testing and pick-up • Coordination of adequate numbers and types of containers • Designation of a storage area • Documentation of IDW disposal 4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL One type of quality control sample specific to the field decontamination process is the rinsate(or equipment)blank. The rinsate blank provides information of the effectiveness of the decontamination process employed in the field. A rinsate blank can detect contamination which may arise from potentially contaminated equipment or equipment which has not been decontaminated effectively. A rinsate blank consists of a sample of analyte-free(i.e.,deionized)water which is passed over and through a decontaminated sampling device and placed in a clean sample container. Rinsate blanks are typically collected for all parameters of interest at a minimum rate of 1 per 20 samples for each parameter. The frequency of rinsate blank collection will vary from proj ect to project,depending upon the data quality objectives,and will be specified at the onset of the program. Rinsate blanks are not required if dedicated sampling equipment is used. 5.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT All reagents and procedures used must be documented in the field logbook or an appropriate field form. Any deviations from the decontamination procedures specified in the Field Sampling Plan or Quality Assurance Project Plan must be approved by the QA Officer and Project Manager and d and documented in the field f eachreagentdl reagents mustused mu t be documented the field logbooke lot . Referlto TRC ed upo, number and vendor o SOP No:021 for field documentation procedures. 1 I Page 93 of 15 Equipment Decontamination Procedures Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 ev Procedure No: 004 For Information Only TRC Controlled Document �rR C STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 6.0 REFERENCES Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods. EPA/540/P-87/001. December 1987. Guidance for Preparing Standard Operating Procedures. EPA/240/"1/004. March 2001. Compendium ofERT Groundwater Sampling Procedures. OSWER Directive 9360.4-06,P1391- 9211275. January 1991 EPA 1991. Management oflnvestigation-Derived Wastes During Site Inspections(Advance Copy). OERR Directive 9345.3-02,May 1991. 31 p. RCR,4 Ground-Water Monitoring. Draft Technical Guidance. EPA/530-R-93-001. USEPA Office of Solid Waste. November 1992 Equipment Decontamination Procedures Page 14 of 15 Procedure No: 004 Revision: 0 Effective: 08/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only v A C �1 "� V c mC a3 O i < am � oa � a z 1- �3 s aZ � Z+ Za ♦� O 0 a c z m o�� - ---------- �°M o ® ® ® c # mCE3I m C) I A m cs m ooz a o co 0Zr > z a .o - 3 Z=r a m m I z a co z m 3 -n 0 m D —J ' r t Z fl xz A I p m ao m z Z .S k n l n 0 �oz v a C O C 0 o�, = w ea p I z z z �M m m a m O =a I 3 3 C m toSo vz on z ' z Z Za a N m 3 m x I m z orM av am I m m WC a m 41 M )PP v a� MM �r 0 CIOr z� Qa xZLl MO � �Z r� c 7° °z-1 aoz �� # tam m D°z �� r 1 3 N 1 1 MO3z O =a i \ z m laded Pala�a�I. 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I"S"Z £•.--..:.. -------------...... ...............................................................................lualuoo ain4stow t,z ------------------------------------................_....----------- - •_..._.�isuou Ez ...........------------------------------•---------------OlOo Z-Z Z-----...---•-•-•-•--"-.---------•............--------------------------- •-------...--•-.... ......•........ --------------------------•-------------._--.--------------------------------.----------------------•-•--saunQ.goo?Id 0-Z -- --....•:..................0.............. .. :...........................................ltwuidinbg Z-I _. ............... .. . .........:.........................."--.---:............-----•-=--------an!130 fqo I•i ----I---...... ------ .............................. ........ ! uopaas aged S,MaISOo AO arlflv.L TRC SOP No-005 Version 3.0 August 17,2000 Page 1 of 6 TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 005 SOIL DESCRIPTION VISUAL-MANUAL PROCEDURE OF THE UNIFIED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 1.0 INTRODUCTION r This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the method for describing soil samples in test-pits,soil borings, and soil grab samples.The SOP conforms to ASTM Standard D 2488, Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual- Manual Procedure)-and other pertinent technical publications. 1.1 Objective The objective of soil sample description is to provide geological information useful for the purpose of hydrogeological or geotechnical evaluation of a site. This objective requires a soil description method that js based"upon widely accepted geological criteria- . F! . .1.2 Equipment The following equipment may be necessary during soil description activities: • Sand grading chart • Field logbook • Pocket knife,spoon, small spatula • Folding Ruler or Yard Stick • Portable table • Polyethylene sheeting • Hand lens • Deionized water in squeeze bottle • Required personal protective equipment(gloves,boot,eye wear,hard hat, etc.) • Air monitoring equipment(as required) • Duct tape • Boring logs(if applicable) • Small squirt bottle-mith dilute hydrochloric acid i - L99-375.005.DOC TRC SOP No. 005 Version 3.0 August 17,2000 Page 2 of 6 2.0 PROCEDURES 2.1 General The general.description of a soil sample should be in the following-order. 1. -Color 2. Density 3. Moisture content 4. Geologic modifiers or classifications 5. Major Constituent-capitalized 6. Minor Constituent(s) 7. Geologic Description(in parentheses) Example. Tan,loose,wet, stratified,medium SAND,little fine sand, trace coarse sand, trace silt(Till). When logging a soil sample collected from a split spoon where more than one soil type is present,describe each.one separately,using additional line(s)on the boring log form. Start the description from the toy.of the split spoon,and log each change in strafigraphy in sequence to the bottom of the spoon. jrovide an interval or length(i.e.,0-0.5 ft.:)at the beginning of each separate sequence description,followed by a colon. Draw a line below the bottom of the complete sample desdription. 2.2 ColorError! Bookmark not defined. The main color value should be stated,along with an appropriate modifier. For example • light brown • dark brown • reddish brown • brown The presence of mottling should be included in the description,where present. For example: • Gray,slightly mottled,dense,damp,poorly sorted angular fine to medium SAND,some silt; trace angular coarse sand,trace clay(lodgement glacial till).- L99-375.005.DOC TRC SOP No- 005 Version 3.0 August 17,-2000 Page3 of 6 2.3 Density In borings,density should be based on the sum of the middle two 6-inch blow counts of a two foot split spoon or the.last two 6-inch blow counts of an 18-inch split spoon. Professional judgement should be used when applying the density modifier. If high blow counts are due to the presence of a cobble,boulder or large piece of gravel that impedes forward progress of the split spoon, density should based upon the character of the material in the split spoon,if any,or omitted from the description A notation should be made in the sample description when this situation occurs. Appropriate modifiers are described in the following table. Granular Soils Cohesive Soils Blows/ft Density Blows/ft Density 16-4 very Ioose <2 very soft 4-10 Loose 2-4 soft 10-30 medium dense 4-8 medium stiff M-50 Dense 8-15 stiff >50 very dense 15-30 very stiff >30 hard In test pits,density is subjective and should be based upon the ease of excavation. The above adjectives for granular+and cohesive soils should be used in.the description. 2.4 Moisture content Moisture content should be described using the following modifiers: ' • Dry-no.moisture. • Damp-very slight moisture content,no visible water droplets. • Moist-very slight moisture content,soils will not stick together. • Wet—enough moisture for soils to stick together. • .Saturated—water dripping from sample;soils below the water table. 2.5 Geologic Modifiers Sedimentological descriptions aid in the geologic classification of a soil material. Only insert geologic modifiers when:present. 2.5.1 Stratification L99-375-005DOC TRC SOP No_005 Version 3.0 August 17,2000 Page 4 of 6 The presence of alternating layers of non-cohesive materials of different grain sizes or color with layers at least 6 mm thick. Note thickness of layers. 2 5.2 Lamination or Varres The presence of alternating very thin layers of fine materials or color,such as silt and clay,with layers less than 6 mm thick. Note thickness. 2.5.3 Sorting A geological term used to describe how close in size the grains in a sample are to each other. For example,a well sorted sample contains grains of similar size;a poorly sorted sample contains grains of many sizes. 2 5.4 Grading An engineering term used to describe the range in grain sizes present in a sample. For example,a narrowly.graded sample contains grains of similar size;a widely graded sample contains grains of different sizes. 2.5.5 Angularity or founding Geological terms that,are used to describe the general appearance of visible grains in the soil sample. Useful in determining the origin and depositional environment of a material. Water transported materials may be rounded. Glacial tills will be more angular. • Angular—Particles have sharp edges and relatively plane sides with unpolished surfaces. • Subangular—Particles are similar to angular description but.have rounded edges. • Subrounded—Particles have nearly plane sides but have well-rounded corners and edges. • Rounded—Particles have smoothly curved sides and no edges. 2.5.6 Shape 'A term used to describe the shape of gravel,cobbles, and boulders. Terms-are as follows where the particle shape shall be described where the length,width, and thickness refer to the greatest, intermediate,and least dimensions of a particle. • Flat—Particles with width/thickness>3. • Elongated-Particles with length/width>3 • Flat and Elongated—Particles meet criteria for both flat and elongated. L99-375.005.DOC i TRC SOP No_ 005 Version 3.0 August 17, 2000 Page 5 of 6 2-5.7 Odor Describe the odor'if organic or unusual_ Soils containing a gignificant amount of organic material have a distinct odor of decaying vegetation. Always utilize appropriate breathing zone air monitoring equipment as specified in the site specific health and safety plan. 2.5.8 HCL Reaction As appropriate for the geologic environment,describe the reaction with HCL as none,weak, or strong. As calcium carbonate is a common cementing agent,a report of its presence on the basis of the reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid is appropriate for certain projects. • None No visible reaction. • Weak—Some reaction,with bubbles forming slowly_ • Strong—Violent reaction,with bubbles forming immediately. 2.5.9 Cementation Describe the cementation of intact coarse-grained soils as follows. • Weak-Crumbles o`r breaks with handling or little finger pressure.. • Moderate—Crutnliles or breaks with considerable finger pressure. • Strong—Will not crumble or break with finger pressure. 2.5.10 Identification of Peat A sample composed primarily.of vegetable tissue in various stages of decomposition that has a fibrous to amorphous texture,usually a dark brown to black color,and an organic odor. When present the sample shall be designated as highly organic soil. 2.6 Major/Minor Constituents 2.63 Grain-size scales Grain size classification should be based on an accepted classification system such as,the Unified System.The predominate grain size should be listed in the soil description in all capital letters. Boulder >300 min Cobble: 75 -300 min, C. Gravel: 19-75 mm, L99-375.005.DOC TRC SOP No. 005 Version 3.0 August 17,2000 Page 6 of 6 F.Gravel: 4.75.- 19 nun, C. Sand: 2.0--4.75 nun, M. Sand: 0.425-2.0 mm, F. Sand: 0.075-0.425 mm Silt: 0.002-0.075 mm CIay: <0.002 mm 2.6.2 Proportions For geologic-description,proportions of grain sizes will be based upon the following nomenclature: • Trace: 0-10% • Li tile: 10-20% • Some: 20-35% • And: 35-50% The major soil sample constituent is always capitalized and listed first. Minor constituents alsq include ancillary materials such as mica flakes,dark minerals;or naturally occurring oronic matter,such as humus,peat,or other vegetative material_ 2.7 Geologic Desl ription Where possible based on existing site data,local research,or geologic understanding of the local region, include a geologic description.,of the sample. Examples include till,fluvial,glaciofluvial, fill material,Lowell Formation. ]Jo not utilize geologic description if not certain. L99-375.06DDOC ProjecvcuwM project Na t3atrq No d wall W TRC lncatlon DesaIPdCR TAC Goobgtet 131mg.Gbntra Xfroreman DrM Rig MaCOModd- Aager/"e CmsbV Si1a/iy" SetWw DMcr(p M Dr"ldaf w Coors X. Y_ Fwer Seat MrounVl�psc Ort[t3tV/Wper Dlarrteter: R8L H= Sand Psctcllnroun'l*w HaiaaaorWilptq�Feb fosor t Sawn la++pirtrlypec %VIBWTaus O"I tc t wW*Saaftr fllsei Ls+�ptJi Tool ovft Oats Saar C aw F rdslc Oeptit ROD � _ % Tos" Number Qor�ssnk0on S G _ 1 r _ 1 V i Qrarader tolls Cohoslw soles arsht tgzs cs7 Nobos Now&* Oeasiry 8brr m Owew " Y.bn* 32 •r ma - 410 &)a" 24 $CA L tatl CtRS sAB RtlR 10-" nL deuce 44 AI.So aL sard 2*0"Ran sn 30-M dcs e-16 sm a sad 44V-U mm r50 v.dons• ts4a X ON C Pavd . t"J mm pie 3.30 hard c.era►.t 7at0aim tau 0-10%. sans 2045% coiibts 100-76 mm botMw D-Woom san arse lo-zo% d ssw% PwJeCMl6nt Project No_ Boring No- Sheet Well No.T- RC, tocaoon Oesaipdon TRC Geologist Depth e Blows! P Srau Reid Lab Sample wea� / NumberPOD Rasa sample_ Oesc�ptlon graphicOssc*1)*n Tes&v rhmbet i COMvUC lon E s - • J ff-. • / t fN 0-4 r,bole A V.MR HAMAry 40M mm 4-to looses 2.4 $00' L Ow34LOS M 10-M m.delue 4-8 aL sO Rt sand 20-CAS MM 30-50 dW" 8-15 so a M d 4.0-20 Mrs 360 v.dense 16.30 V.so L Wwd W-"lien 3-30 herd Cgrubmi 7610 niru CdA*v 00046 Mrs race 049% some 20-35% t�aAdu a000 ara Otde 10-2M said 35-W% ,Fern TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 006 SOIL AND ROCK&ORING Prepared by: Ofi _.. Adam Balogh,P.G. Date Reviewed by: Dale Weiss,Senior Hydrogeologist Date- Approved by: hy �Petcr'Spawn, vgram� anager to L99 37S-006-DOC TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0- INTRODUCTION-------•------------ - - ---------•-•.................... --- ........ 1.1 Objective.................................................................... .................................................... 2-0 PROCEDURES ..................................................... -...----1. 2.1 PredrillingRequirements........................................ ---------------------------------------------- - 2.2 Test Boring Method-----------------------• ------•--......--------..._......---........---•--.....-----2. 2.2.1 Wash Boring-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------=- -- .........----2 2.2.2 Rotary Drilling-=--------------•--------. --- --------------------------------•-------------------..-......----2 2.23 AugerBorin --------------------------------------------------------3 2.3 Borehole Stabilization..:............. •-•---....--••----......._.......:............._.,_....... --- 4 2.3.1 Casing .............................._.4 2.3.2 Drilling Mud.............................:............... ----=-•----•............:................................---.4 2.3.3 Hollow-stemmed Augers ...5 2.4 Borehole Cleaning.............:...:.............. ......................................................................5 2-5 Loggi gBedrockCores .... .......................:...............:..............g 2-5.1 Wireline Drillin 2.5.2 Oriented Core........................... ......_._.........---..........---.......__...._.............__......._10 2.5.3 Shotcore Drilling........ . . ...... . ------------------------------------------------------- 10 2.5A Preservation of Rockcore------------- ----•- -------....__.._:.._....:...._.._....I.................11 2.6 photographing hin Soil and Rock Samples from Borings-------------------------------------------------11 ATTAC) 14ff fit` Attachment A TRC 1�ock Core Log L99-375M&DOC i TRC SOP No_006 } TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 006 SOIL AND ROCK BORING 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Standard.Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared-to direct TRC personnel in the methods for recording subsurface conditions in soil borings during site hydrogeological and geotechnical investigations_ The SOP conforms to"A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods (EPA/540/P-87/001),"and other pertinent technical publications. 1.1 Objective The objective of borings is to provide samples for description and characterization of subsurface conditions,and obtain_ samples for geotechnical and chemical analyses,often prior to installation of a monitoring well. This objective requires the use of consistent procedures for documenting observations and collecting samples. c. 2.0 PROCEDURES 2.1 Predrilling Requirements When conducting borings in an industrial facility,TRC will contact all utilities or industrial facility personnel necessary to receive clearance to drill at specified locations. The names of the personnel authorizing 4exance will be documented in the field logbook. The-exact location of each boring shall also a reviewed by responsible plant.personnel to ensure that the area is free of the facility-owned buried utilities. Dig-safe will be contacted prior to drilling in public areas. Drilling locations shall be no closer- than 25 feet to overhead utilities_ The appropriate utility companies will be contacted to provide insulation of utility lines prior to commencement of drilling activities. The supervising geologistlengineet shall record the name.of the drilling firm and the names of the driller and his assistant(s). The date,project location,project number,and weather conditions shall be recorded as well. An accurate time log of drilling activities.shall be kept. This.log shall be kept in the field logbook and shall include at a minimum,the following: Time driller and rig arrive on site - Time drilling begins Any delays in the drilling activities and the cause of such delays i; Time drillers go off site Downtime(those periods when drilling activities cease due to equipment malfunctions, weather,ordered stoppages) TRC SOP No_W L99-375.006-DOC I - 2.2 Test Boring Method Test borings can be conducted by a variety of drilling methods. The more commonly employed test boring techniques may be classified in to six groups,based on the method used in displacing or removing subsurface material during the advancement of the borehole. The six drilling techniques are.displacement boring,wash boring,percussion drilling,rotary drilling,auger boring,and continuous sampling. The quality of the information obtained from the various boring methods varies greatly with the character of the subsurface geologic conditions, and careful consideration should be given in selecting the desired method. It may be necessary to employ more than one boring method to advance a particular borehole. The drilling techniques used on any particular project will be selected by the project manager and/or project geologist. In general,the wash rotary,and auger boring are most common and described below. 2.2.1 Wash Boring This method involves advancing casing, as required, and washing-out the soil to the bottom of the casing with a chopping bit to the desired sampling depth. The casing can be advanced by either spinning or hammering(pounding)the casing with a 300 pound hammer. The borehole may be stabilized with the casing,water,or drilling mud,and open samplers, such as the split-or solid-spoon type are driven into the undisturbed soil at the bottom of the borehole. This method is most commonly used in soils which do not contain large cobbles and boulders,or cemented horizons..The wash boxing method involves the introduction of drilling water and/or drilling mud to the bo ole. The use.of these materials and this method should be avoided whenever possible in ducting environmental investigations. The introduction of drilling fluids can alter the chemical composition of the groundwater adjacent to the borehole, and may have`an adverse effect on groundwater quality analyses on groundwater samples from monitoring wells installed in the completed borehole. If it is necessary to use this technique to advance a borehole,the field geologist should determine the source and quality of the drilling water to be used in the boring process.. Unless the proposed source has been sampled and analyzed for the full suite of contaminants considered likely to be present in the groundwater or surface water bodies as the source of the drilling water the field geologist should not authorize the use of on-site or nearby groundwater or surface water bodies as the source of the drilling water. In all cases where drilling water or drilling mid are used to advance a borehole,the field geologist should obtain an adequate sample of the drilling fluid for potential analysis,at the discretion of the project manager and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QQ officer. 222 Rotary Drilling This method is a variation of the wash boring technique,utilizing a rotary drill bit,rather than a chopping bit. It is employed primarily in advancing and cleaning the borehole to the required sampling depth,and is used in conjunction with air,water,or mud to bring the cuttings to the L99-375.006.DOC TRc sop No.006 ground surface. This is the method generally preferred for exploratory test borings in the geo- technical consulting industry. This method is commonly used in environmental investigations when test borings are expected to encounter dense tills and coarse granular deposits (such as gravels),or are expected to terminate at depths exceeding thirty feet below the ground surface: The primary disadvantage of this technique for environmental investigations is the introduction of drilling water or drilling mud. The use of air rotarydrilling rigs is usually not appropriate for environmental investigations unless filters are used because the cuttings brought to the ground surface are ejected into the air adjacent to the drilling rig. Air born contaminated soil could pose a health risk to workers at the site and nearby residents. 2.2.3 Auger Borings This method involves advancing helical solid-flight or hollow-stemmed augers,with large mobile equipment. This is a fast method for advancing the borehole,without the use of drilling muds,in partially saturated or unsaturated material above the groundwater table. Conventional sampling procedures are employed(split-spoon sampler). Some disturbance of the natural soil is caused by the advancing augers. Auger borings are primarily used for environmental investigations because they are cost effective and do not involve the introduction of drilling fluids and muds to the subsurface environment. Auger borings are difficult to advance below the groundwater table in granular soils due to the vertical pressure exerted by the groundwater following into the void created by the auger. This condition is commonly referred to as"running sands"or"blowing sands"in the drilling industry. "Running sands"can bocounteracted with limited success by maintaining a constant hydraulic head in hollow-stemmed augers during the sampling operations. However,the constant head technique is not very effective.when drilling more than approximately ten feet below the water table in granular soils' Augers are difficult, and sometimes impossible,�to advance to depths of greater than thirty feet in dense tills or coarse granular deposits(such as gravel). 1 - Solid stem augers are not recommended for environmental investigations because soil samples can not be obtained from discrete depth intervals. Soil samples from solid stem auger borings. are typically collected from the surface of the auger flights as the cuttings are brought to the ground surface. Slotted,hollow-stemmed augers are commonly used in environmental investigations when vertical profiling of a water bearing unit is desired_ The slotted lead auger is-advanced to a pre- determined depth below the groundwater table, and water within the auger.is purged with a pump to draw"undisturbed"formation water into the auger. A sample of the groundwater is obtained for analysis and the.auger is advanced to the next groundwater sampling interval. Refer to TRC SOP No.023: .Screened Hollow Stem Auger Drilling. 1 L99-375-006.DOC TRC SOP No. 006 2.3 Borehole Stabilization 2.3.1 Casing Driving steel pipe or casing provided the most reliable and practical method of advancing a borehole to the required depth. Table 1 summarizes the numerous sizes and types of casing. available. The borehole is advance by constant blows of a drive hammer(typically 300 pounds, falling over a distance of 24 inches)upon a drive head which is attached to the casing. As the blows to drive the casing are constant,supplementary information may be obtained in the soil resistance by counting the casing blows and the resulting penetration. Casing blows are typically recorded for each foot of penetration of the casing. The casing can also be spun to the desired depth. The casing is driven/spun in five-foot increments,with representative soil samples being obtained on a continuous basis or at the completion of each five-foot drive(depending upon the project specifications). After the casing is seated at the required depth,the borehole must be cleaned-out prier to obtaining a soil sample. In soft or loose soils;stability of the borehole is increased by keeping the casing filled with water or drilling fluids. 2.3.2 Drilling Mud Drilling mud is a fluid employed to stabilize an encased borehole,or to improve sample quality and minimize soil disturbance in cased holes. Drilling mud may be prepared from any native clay or from several commercially available products. Employing mud in a baring makes identification of the ct�thngs more difficult and hinders groundwater level observations. The use of drilling rroid is typically avoided when conducting environmental investigations. The use of drilling mud can reduce the permeability of the walls of the borehole,and therefore,lead. to erroneous water level measurements. Additionally,the use of muds introduces foreign material to the subsurface environment which is not completely removed upon completion of the boring. The results of chemical analyses conducted on soil samples from boreholes advanced with drilling mud may not be representative of the natural(undisturbed)formation. Water samples obtained from wells installed in these boreholes may contain contaminants or parameters_ which were not originally present in the groundwater prior to the use of the drilling mud. Under no circumstances,should drilling mud be prepared with local or on-site clays. If the use of drilling mud is required to advance the boring,the mud should be prepared with commercially available clays,and samples of the mud mixture should be analyzed for the contaminants of concern. The basic niud mixture employed in the drilling industry is.-bentonite and fresh water (approximately 6 percent bentonite by weight: 50 pounds of bentonite per 100 gallons of water)_ Attapulgite clay is commonly used and will mix with salt water to prevent flocculation. Weight additives such as pulverized barite,hematite,galena, or other heavy minerals may be added to the mixture to increase the specific gravity in troublesome soils or under artesian conditions. lue L99-375-006-DOC TRC sop No_006 precise ingredients and their proportions in the mixture must be recorded for future reference, particularly when groundwater from wells installed in there borings is to be tested for dissolved metals and pH_ Attention must be given to the particular group of contaminants exceed to be present in the groundwater beneath the site. 2.3.3 Hollow-stemmed Augers Hollow-stemmed augers are advanced hydraulically into the overburden to the required sampling. depth. The auger acts as a casing during the advancement of the borehole_ A removable center plug allows passage of the sampling equipment(typically a split-spoon sampler)to the required depth. Augers are usually in five-foot sections. Some disturbances of the sampling zone may be created during the augering operation. Drillers commonly dislike using the.center plug and often attempt to complete the boring without using one. However,the center plug should always be used to prevent soil from entering the auger. If a center plug is not used,the split-spoon sampler may not be located at the desired sampling depth due to the presence of soil inside the auger. 2.4 Borehole Cleaning. ' Thorough and careful cleaning of the borehole is mandatory for obtaining representative, undisturbed samples. Careful measurement of tool length is required. The washing operation should not usually extend below the bottom of the casing(cohesive soils would be an exception)_ Special bits that deflect-the wash water outward or upward should be employed, and only enough wash water should be pamped down the hole to bring the cuttings to the surface. Special shielded auger cleanotfts should be employed in cohesive soils prior to obtaining undisturbed piston samples. 1 " Where details*of subsurface conditions are necessary,soil sampling shall be conducted using a split-spoon penetration sampler, driven with a 140 pound hammer with a free-fall of 30 inches. This is a standard method of soil sampling as described in ASTM Designation D 1586. If necessary;the length of the hammer shaft will be measured and marked;to ensure a minimurn.. drop of 30.inches. This technique-should be conducted as follows. I. The split-spoon sampler(spoon)consists of a 2-inch(outside diameter)by1-3/8 inch (inside diameter); 18-inch to 24-inch length,eat-treated,case-hardened steel head,split- spoon,and shoe assembly. Split-spoon or split-tube samplers are the most generally accepted method for obtaining representative,undisturbed soil samples-(refer to Figure 1) The head is vented to prevent pressure-buildup during sampling and must be kept clean. A steel ball watercheck valve is located in the head to prevent downward water pressure from acting on the sample. Removal of the watercheck frequently causes sample loss- 2. The drive rods which connect the spoon to the drive head should have a stiffness equal to or greater than that of the A-rod_ In order to maintain only minimal rod deflection,on TRC SOP No-_006 L99-375.006.DOC i exceptionally deep holes,it may be preferable to use N-rods. The size of the drive rods must be kept constant throughout a specific exploration program, as the energy absorbed by the rods will vary with the"size and weight of the rod employed. This is most important in geotechnical investigation. 3. The drive head consists of a guide rod to give the drop hammer(140 pounds)free fall in order to strike the anvil attached to the lower end of the assembly. The guide rod must be at least 3.5 feet in length to insure the correct hammer drop. 4. ' The drop hammer used in determining SPT resistance must weigh 140 pounds and have a 2.5 inch diameter hole through the center, for passage of the drive head guide rod. 5. The hammer is raised with a rope activated by the drill rig cathead;no more than 2 turns of the rope should be allowed on the cathead. A 30 inch hammer drop is mandatory for proper SPT determination. Extreme care must be exercised to produce consistent results. Automatic trip hammers are commercially available which insure the 30 inch free-fall drop. When presentation of the soil structure is critical(such as in liquefaction studies), the automatic trip hammer should be employed. 6. Attach the split-spoon sampler to the drill rods and lower the assembly to the bottom of the borehole. Measure the drill rod stickup to determine if"heave"or"blow-up"of the stratum has. occurred. Not4lamy penetration of the sampler into the stratum under the weight of the rods. The 140'�pound hammer is raised 30 inches above the drivehead anvil and then allowed to free fall and strike the anvil. This procedure is repeated until the sampler has penetrated t4 full length of the sampler(18 to 24 inches depending on the sampler)into the stratum at the bottom of the borehole. 7. The number of blows of the hammer required for each 6 inch penetration is counted and. recorded on the test boring log. A penetration rate of 100 blows per foot is normally considered"refusal";however,this criterion maybe varied-depending upon the desired information. The penetration resistance(1)is determined by adding the second and third• 6 inch resistance blow counts together. When other sizes and types of sampling and drive . equipment are employed,ASTM reference tables may be used in converting the obtained. blow count to the accepted SPT value: 8. The sampler is then withdrawn from the borehole,preferably by pulling on the rope. If the.sampler is difficult to remove from the stratum,-it may be necessary to remove it by hitting the drive head upward with short,light hammer strokes. Remove the sampler from the bottom of the borehole slowly to minimize disturbance. Keep the casing full of - water during the removal operation. L99-375-006-DOC TRC SOP No.006 9. Careful measurement of all drilling tools,samplers, and casing must be exercised during all phases of the test boring operations,to insure maximum quality and recovery of the sample. 10.The split-spoon is opened and carefully examined,noting-all soil characteristics,color seam,disturbance,etc. A representative sample is selected and preserved in a screw-top, glass jar and properly labeled. In the event that more than one soil type is encountered in. the split-spoon,.each soil type should be preserved in a separate jar. 11.The supervising geologist engineer shall record, at a minimum,the weight of the hammer,_ the length'of the split spoon sampler, and the number of hammer blows on the spoon.per 6 inches of penetration. Upon removal of the sampler,the earth materials shall be logged in accordance with TRC SOP No.005,Soil Sample Description. When the number ofblow counts exceeds 50 per 6 inches,the split spoon sampling shall be.terminated and the number of blow per tenths of foot(for the last one-half foot)shall be recorded and noted as sampler refusal. 12..If a sample is to beretained, a pre-cleaned stainless steel or teflon coated spoon will be used t6 take the soil sample and fill the sample containers. After the samples have been collected, and the borehole.has been backfilled with cement/bentonite or cement,the approximate location of the boring will be marked with an oak stake colored with highly visible spray paint. The boring.number will also be written on the stake to identify the sarWe location for surveying purposes.: f` 1 - I TRC SOP No_ 006. i L99-375.006_DOC 2S Logging Bedrock Cores Rock Coring is a method to obtain-bedrock samples for geologic classification,facilitate their performance of permeability tests, and install groundwater monitoring wells within bedrock .formations. The supervising geologist/engineer on.a drilling program is responsible for logging and recording geologic and geotechnical information from rock cores. There is no universal core barrel or drilling equipment for rock coring. The geologic and topographic conditions, in addition to the requirements of_the project will dictate the type of equipment to be employed on any specific project. The following factors lead to good production. l. Insure a level and stable drilling platform.before commencing boring. 2. In that the drill stem remains as nearly vertical as possible. .On deep core holes,true alignment of the casing is,critical. The driller may elect to use a heavy drilling.mud instead of casing to support the borehole walls;this procedure is not acceptable for environmental investigations. 3: Upon encountering boring refusal at the soil/bedrock interface,the casing should be firmly seated on,the rock and thoroughly washed out before inserting the diamond-bit core barrel. r� 4. Inspect the selected core barrel and bit for wear,general cleanliness, and free movement of all parts. 4eject any core barrel or bit that appears unsatisfactory. Upon selecting.a satisfactory core barrel and bit,mount the core barrel and bit assembly on the drilling rods and lower it into the borehole until the bit touches.the bedrock surface. 5. Pump drill fluid down the drill rods and observe a return flow before commencing drilling operations. 6. Carefully measure all length of rods,core barrel, and stick-up through all phases of the drilling to insure accurate depth determination. .- 7. The diamond-bit core barrel should be started in the hole and the rock drilled in continuous 5-foot length intervals(runs)until the required depth is reached. 8. Drill with minimal vertical pressure and rotation. Most rigs are equipped with a selection of gear ratios and a variable hydraulically-controlled feed mechanism. Driller expertise in selecting the correct combination of speed and feed rate is invaluable. 9. Water return should be no more than what is just sufficient to bring the borehole cuttings to the surface. L99-375.006_DOC TRC SOP NO.006 l 0. Record the drilling time per foot,type of bit,estimate of bit wear,drill rig R-P.M.,and feed pressure. 11.Upon completing each 5 foot core run,the core barrel is spun and lifted to break the core at the bottom of the run. After the core is broken off it should be withdrawn,labeled,and stored in an approved core box (refer to SOP#5009)_ Cores should be carefully handled to ensure their proper identification and placement in correct order. Care should be taken to recover as large a percentage of unbroken core as possible. 12. Carefully place the rock core in the core box with wooden partitions so that the cores from each boring will be kept separate. The core should always be placed in the core box in book fashion with the top of the run at the upper left corner and the remaining core placed sequentially.from left to right and from the top left comer to the lower right comer. Place a wooden partition at the beginning and end of each cote run. The core should fit snugly in the box so that it will not roll or slide and suffer additional breakage_ The wooden blocks should be labeled with the Run Number and depths of the beginning and end if each run. Each core.box should only contain cores from a single boring. Never place the core from more than one test boring in a core box: In addition,wherever core is lost due to the presence of a cavity or large discontinuity(open or filled), a space_r should be placed in the proper position to the core box. The spacer should be labeled with the depth range . and thickness of-the missing core, and the reason for the missing core(e_g.,cavity, large: joint, etc.). f; . 13. Carefully examine and.classify the rock,and measure the recovery and RQD in percent. Record all hArmation on the core boringreport. 14.If 100%recovery was not obtained,sound the borehole to determine if the missing core stilt remains in the bottom of the borehole. 15. Always terminate each boring with 100%recovery,in order to insure that appropriate knowledge is available of there materials. 16.The core box should be marked on the top and two ends with the client's name,site identification,boring number,-depth range,and box number. .17. The core barrel and drilling tools must be steam-cleaned or washed upon completion of the bore hole to preclude cross contamination between successive bore holes. 18. Wash water used during the core drilling should not be re-circulated to the bore hole if possible. I Z5.I Wireline Drilling r99 37s_0o6 noc TRC SOP No_ 006 The procedures for wireline drilling are also the same as for conventional rock coring,with the. exception that the core barrel is designed so that the inner core barrel can be raised in a wireline without removing.the entire drill string,outer core barrel, and bit. The drilling rig must be equipped with a wireline hoist. 2.5.2 Oriented Core r If precise spatial orientation ofrock bedding, foliation, and discontinuities are required,it is recommended that the Christensen Diamond Products Series D-3,.NWD-3 core barrel,or equivalent,be employed. 2.5.3 Sho[coreDrilling Shotcore drilling is usually employed to produce large-diameter rock core(2 to 6 feet and larger). The core is cut by the abrasive action of chilled steel shot fed to a rotating steel bit. Shotcoring procedures are-as follows:' _ 4 - 1. Lower the assembled shoteore barrel to the bedrock surface. 2._ Drop one or two handfuls of chilled shot down the center rod. Connect the bit to the drilling spindle and slowly turn by hand with a pipe wrench. A"gritty"feeling indicates that the shot is beneath the bit. 3. Lift the bit off tie bottom and introduce the fresh water supply. Whert water return appears at the 9tuface,lower the bit to the bedrock surface. 4. Drill feed mu$t be manual with only enough downward pressure to follow the bit. This is an abrasive action and too much shot will wear the core barrel and too little will-not core the rock. Driller expertise and careful attention are absolutely critical in successful shotcore drilling. 5. Regulate water flow so that it just allows the cuttings and slivers sf steel to be carried over the top of the casing. Add additional shot as required 6. A good flow of muddy slurry to the surface indicates that the rock is being drilled. 7. If water return is clear,but contains fine particles of steel,this is an indication that an excess of shot has been used. Flush the hole and start again. 8. Record the-drilling rate and reface the bit shoe after every withdrawal by squaring up the face with a hammer. 9. To recover the core,a hard,uniformly-graded pea gravel is fed into the center rod as it is slowly rotated so the gravel is"grouted"between the core and the core barrel,and the entire unit is pulled to the surface. On occasion,it may be necessary to remove the core Ls9-375-W-Doc TRC SOP No.006 barrel and drill a small diameter hole in the center of the core while it is still in the hole, then drive a casing retriever into the core before retrieval is possible. 2.5.4 Preservation oJRockcore. The following.information shall be included in a rock core nm log: The depth and length of the core run. The coring rate,down pressure, and torque and rotation speed_ This information can be obtained from the driller. The color of the core wash water. Any changes,loss of return water, or gain of return water will be noted_ The recovery of the core run recorded as length of rock recovered over the length of the core run The Rock Quality Ddsignartion(RQD)of the run. RQD is reported as the sum of inches of all naturally fractured rock core pieces larger than four inches over the total number of inches in the run. The length of the piece will be determined by the distance between naturally occurring fractures. The rock type(s)..and their location in the core run,rotating color,mineralogy,texture, fossil content,effervescence in HCL,and any other data of geologic significance_ Any structure in the core,including fractures,clay seams,vugs,bedding, fissility,and any other data of geologic or geotechnical significance. Rock cores shall be stored in a core box in the exact sequence in which they were removed from the ground. Core runs will be separated by wooden blocks clearly marked with the depth of the run. The top of the core box shall be marked with the project name, location,project number, boring number,and the depths of the core runs in that box. The front and one end of the core box shall be marked with project name,boring number,and depths of the core runs in that box. All core pieces shall be oriented in the box as they fit together. A black and white stripe shall be drawn down the length of the core,so that core orientation can easily be determined. 2.6 Photographing Soil and Rock Samples from Borings If soil samples are to be photographed this should occur while still in the split spoon. If smearing of the sample has occurred, a fresh exposure can be made by.scraping with a pen knife or other similar object_ The spoon and sample should be placed in a good fight,preferably against a.solid colored background. A oiler for scale and a tag identifying the sample should be placed in the picture. The identifier tag must have the sample number, depth and project name.or number L99-375.006.DOC TRC SOP No_ 006 written so as to be legible in the photograph. Any photographs taken must be recorded in the field logbook. Rock core samples are photographed in the wooden core box. The rock should be wetted to enhance the color and textural changes in the rock. Due to the relatively large size of-most core . boxes, the photographer(when possible)should stand up on a chair,tail gate,car bumper or other perch in order to photograph the box from directly above,and get the entire box in the camera's field of view. The photograph'must include a ruler for scale and an identifier tag indicating the project name and number,the boring number,the date, and the depths of the various core runs. H l L99 375.006.DOC TRC SOP No_006 i� ATTACHMENT A i TRC ROCK CORE LOG. i - 1 TRC SOP No_006 199-375-006_ CC I I - - Project: Project No. Date/rune Sheet of TR Contractor Personnel: TFiC Oversight Personnel: . Rock Core Log Boring Well Number: DriUeNEquipment: Elevation: Orientation: Time Start: Time Finish: Comments Discontinuities Uthology ` Description Tests a X a Tlghvwss Mineralogy n -S instrumentation r i i" e E : Planarity Ciasstlicallon t o Coring Rate and Smoothness ¢r.> of Smoothness Colo[ Cementation a� Coring Fluid Loss °o c x on9.Stini ang C'�n Size Hardness Cf D o e o 0 o 00 o Orientation Alteration Weathered State U J.a= U m cc M U. I i - i j !C I - - I - i I ;f.2D7 Rev: 30 May 1991 I I _ y - i -TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 009 GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION t. tin Prepared by: Adam Balogh,P.G. Date "t- Reviewed by: a e Weiss,P.G.,Project Manager Date Approved by: � J Peter Spa gram ager Date 199-375.009.wpd Recycled Paper I TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page Section .................__ IN'MODUCUON...................: ....-----.................__... ................ 1 1.0 ..-------••-------••-----........1 1.1 Objective........................................................................ PROCEDURES ................. ................................ -----*---- --------- - 2.0 ---------------------------------- 2.1 Preparation_...................... -__2 2.1.1 Materials .-:..... -•-...........................•----••-•--....-_-....__....._ Well Screens ...---- .------------- ..:......................•----..._........---2. 2.1.3 Riser and End Caps...........----------------------------------"...... 2.1.4 Filter Pack...............•---•----..................._........_._..........................................................................•--... --- 2.1.5 - 3 Seal...............•------------....._....................----------------•----- 2.1.6 Grout. ............................... 2.1.7 Surface Protective Casing:.......................... ...........------.......................... :............ --4 2.2 MomtonngWellInstallation.................---------------------------------------------- 2-2-1Procedures ....................................................--- ATTACHMENT A Monitoring Well Construction Summary 1r.. . i i i I L"-375.009.DOC I TRC SOP No. 009 Version 2.0 October 13,1999 Page 1 of 5 TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO.009 GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the construction,installation,and development of ground water monitoring wells. The SOP conforms to"A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods(EPA/540/P-97/001)," and other pertinent technical publications. Li Objective The objective of a ground water mbnitoring well is to collect representative ground water samples and obtain information on aquifer hydraulic head_ A secondary objective is to obtain aquifer hydrologic data from the well. These objectives require that the well-be installed and developed using suitable materials, equipment, and procedures. 2.0 PROCEDURES Er- - 2.1 Preparation f Prior to the initiation 4f field work the project manager, field hydrogeologist,`or field technical j lead(site manager)will secure.the services of a qualified drilling contractor. A contract between TRC and the drilling contractor will be executed before mobilization. The drilling contractor must meet the following requirements: • have the appropriate licenses and registrations; • have the proper equipment available to perform the type of drilling required;and • have personnel who are OSHA-trained to work on hazardous waste sites and are willing to participate in the appropriate medical monitoring for the site_ Before the start of field tasks,the.field hydrogeologist or field technical lead is responsible for coordinating the following items with the drilling contractor personnel. • familiarizing the contractorwith the objectives of the investigation. r providing and revievAing of a copy of the project work plan With the contractor, • providing and reviewing of a copy of the project health and safety plan with the contractor, and • performing a daily health and safety review with the contractor. L99-375.009-DOC TRC SOP No. 009 Version 2.0 October 13, 1999 Page 2 of 5 Compliance with all-state and federal requirements is required prior to-the installation of monitoring wells. The field hydrogeologist or pmject manager is responsible for obtaining.all required pernuts. These'permits may include,but are not limited to the following: • notification and approval to drilUinstall a monitoring well; • registration of the well, • permit for water withdrawals; • well abandonment when the project is completed; and • State specified dig-safe permits. 2.I.I Materials In general,all well materials(other than filter sand,seals,and grout)will be cleaned with a high pressure,hot water wash,rinsed with deionized water, and sealed in plastic bags. Decontamination and bagging can be conducted by the manufacturer,prior to delivery to the site. Alternatively,the contractor or TRC may decontaminate the materials at an off-site location and deliver them-to the site in a protective wrap. 2.1.2 Well Screens f. Monitoring well scregns will typically consist of two-inch diameter,flush-threaded,schedule 40, polyvinyl chloride(PVC),machine-cut slotted screen. Other materials or sizes may be specified in the work plan as required by site conditions or local regulations. If the well is to be used for in-situ hydraulic conductivity testing as well as ground water sampling,wire-wrap type screen construction is recommended over machine-slotted screen,to increase screen open area and ensure.that the screen does not inhibit the flow of water into or out of the well. The screen slot size should be selected to retain a minimum of 90 percent ofthe filter pack material. 2.I.3 . Riser and End Caps Monitoring well riser and end caps will consist of two-inch diameter,flush-threaded,schedule- 40,poly vinyl chloride(PVC): Other materials or sizes may be specified in the work plan as required by site conditions or local regulations_The top cap will have a small hole drilled through it to allow the.passage of air,unless the well is to be installed:at ground level. In that case,the top of the well shall be sealed with an expansion cap,to prevent the inflow of runoff into the well. L99-375.009_DOC TRC SOP No. 009 Version 2.0 October 13, 1909 Page 3 of 5 2.1.4 Filter Pack A filter pack will be required in any formation other than coarse sand and gravels containing less than ten percent fines(silts and clays)by weight. In.such formations,the use of an artificial sand pack may be optional..The purpose of the filter pack is to inhibit the flow of fines into the well screen,allowing production of ground water optimal for ground water quality analyses. Where an artificial filter pack is required the filter material shall be composed of a washed, graded,commercially-produced silica sand. The uniformity coefficient(C„)of the filter pack will be no less than one and no more than two,to prevent segregation of the filter material when it is installed in the well. The grain size of the filter pack shall be no less than 3 and no more than 6 times the 133o(passing)of the finest geologic unit in which the well is to be screened. A multiplier of 3 slIall be used if the formation is fine and uniform and 6 if the formation is coarse and non-uniform. The D3o grain size of the formation should be determined by laboratory sieve grain-size analysis. If laboratory grain-size analysis cannot be performed, a variety of sand packs should be available,based upon known geological information of the site. Based upon field estimates of grain size distribution,a sand pack will be selected that matches the above criteria. 2.L5 Seal 1� , The seal will consist o ftintonite clay pellets,chips,donut or slurry,sufficient to form a two foot. thick seal above the filter pack. The selection of the form of bentonite clay will depend upon the project-budget,locatign of the top of the filter pack relative to the water table_. The seal will be hydrated with potable analyte-free water_ ZL6 Grout The annular space above the bentonite seal and the ground surface shall be grouted with a mixture of 95 percent Portland concrete or equivalent,and 5 percent bentonite grout,mixed with potable water to the specifications of the concrete manufacturer. ZL7 Surface Protective Casing The surface casing shall consist of.galvanized steel or steel coated with a rust.-proofing coating. The surface casing shall-have a hinged cap with provision for a lock_ The base of the casing, at the point where it shall extend above the concrete pad,shall have a small weep hole drilled through the casing to prevent the build-up of precipitation or ice between the steel casing and iwell riser. L99-375.009_DOC I TRC SOP No. 009 Version 2.0 October 13, 1999 Page 4 of 5 21 Monitoring Well Installation - Boreholes to be completed as monitoring wells will be advanced and,logged in accordance with TRC SOPs No.005(Soil Description Procedure)and No.006(Soil Boring Logging). Equipment used to advance the boring and install the monitoring well will be decontaminated - prior to the start of the boring using the procedures in SOP No.004. All well materials that do not appear to be factory cleaned and sealed or those that have become open during shipment to the site will be,steam-cleaned prior to use at the site. ` ZZI Procedures Monitoring wells will be installed by the drilling subcontractor under the direction of a qualified TRC geologist of engineer. Monitoring wells will be installed using the following general procedures which may be dependent on the site specific requirements. ; 1. The construction details of the well to be installed will be provided to the driller, including well material,screen length,slot size,riser length,depth of the well, sandpack,bentonite seal,grouting requirements,and surface well completion- 2- All well mat4als will be inspected to ensure that they are clean prior to installation. 3. Sections of s�reen and riser. ill be threaded together and lowered into the borehole. Centralizers may be used in deeper wells to ensure proper well placement within the borehole. 4. The selected well packing materials will be introduced into the annulus in a manner so, as to ensure an adequate well pack and seal. The thickness of each layer of well pack material will be measured with a weighted string and recorded. All augers or casing will be removed sequentially during sand pack installation and the well will remain at the desired depth during auger or casing withdrawal. 5. The bentonite seal installation technique will vary with the depth of the water table. The appropriate type of bentonite(pellets;chips,or slurry)will-be selected to suit the objectives of the installation program. In general,the seal will be installed above the sandpack-so that a thickness of two to three feet is installed. Bentonite seals in shallow wells installed across the water table will be hydrated and allowed to.swell prior to the emplacement of a cement-bentonite grout mixture. 6. A cement-bentonite grout will be emplaced to fill the annulus of the boring. Dependent on the depth of the well and water table, the grout may be tremied into the desired location. The grout mixture(percentage of cement to bentonite)will be recorded and L99-375-009_DOC TRC SOP No.009 Version 2.0 October 13,1999 Page 5 of 5 will be in accordance with the work plan or recommended guidance and Section 2.2.5 of this SOP. The grout will be pumped into the boring around the well materials to the surface. If necessary;after solidification of the grout and settling occurs,the grout may need to be topped of with additional grout mixture. The need for additional grout will be.based on the intended surface completion for the well. 7. Depending on the location ofthe well,flush mounted road.boxes or steel protective casings with locking cap will be.recommended and cemented in place as described in Section 2.2.6 above. Once completed,the well will be locked and allowed to settle prior to well development. g. All information concerning the well installation details will be recorded on.a TRC Vell i Constntction Diagram_ %r I j - i I ' L99-375.009_DOC 1 E 'f Monitoring Well Construction Summary iNw- project: No.: Reference Elevation: Client: Date Completed: Elev.Ground Surface: Location: Depth to Ground Water: Boring Contractor: Method: Development Date: TRC Geologist: Development Method- Elevation top of protective casing: Elevatlon'of top riser pipe: ­01 Sack-up of protective casing: 041 Stick-up of riser pipe: Ground -s*- Type of surface seal: Elevation L.D.of protective-casing: Type of protective casing: Depth bottom of protective casing --Riser pipe I.D. Type of riser pipe: Borehole diameter: d► Type of bacldW- > :. - - .°'i ;-. 3 -a* Elevatlon/depth top of seal: 4 Type and thickness of seal.- ! C 44 Depth top of filter pack.- t° Etevatlon/Depth top of screen: U Type of screen: w Slot size: I.D.of screen Type of fltier/sand pack: Elevatkmidepth bottom of screen: Elevatlon/depth bottom of well: Elevation/depth bottom of filter pack: ` Type of bacdiii below observation well: r Elevation/depth of borehole: i TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. OIO GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT Prepared by Adarri Balogh,P.G_,Project Manager Date 6 Reviewed by. — — i Dare Weiss,'P.G.,Senior Hydrogmist Date i Approved by: PeterS awn, ogram ager Date L99-375 010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section page 1.0 INTRODUCTION--------------------------- •----..--------.-------------------------------•• -------------------1 1.1 Objectives -- ---- ----- - - - -- -----------------------------------------------1 2.0 PROCEDU......................................... 2-1 Equipment............................................................................_:..---•----------....-----•-----..:......l 2.2 Procedures------------------------------------ ---:..........----..--............------ ------------------------------------2 ATTACHMENT A Field Data Record Well Development 1 i 1 - i I _ L99-375-016-DOC I TRC SOP No.010 Version 2.0 October 13,1999 Page I of 3 TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 010 GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the development of ground water monitoring wells_. The SOP conforms to"A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods(EPA/540/P-8710001),"and other pertinent technical publications_ 1.1 Objectives Monitoring well development is completed in order to establish'a good hydraulic connection between the well screen and the surrounding aquifer,settle the sandpack and formation from drilling,and removal of the fine particles.(silt)from the water column and sandpack in order to obtain ground water samples that are representative of the aquifer in which the well is installecL 2.0 PROCEDU" 2.1 Equipment 1. The complete list of required equipment is presented below: Site specific conditions may warrant 1.he addition or deletion of some equipment. • Watterra system • -Centrifugal pump and hosing. • pH idler • Conductivity meter • Turbidity meter • Plastic beaker orjar • Bailer and cord . • Field logbook • Well development logsheet • Large capacity DOT-approved containers(ifrequired) • Two,five=gallon buckets • Deionized water spray bottle • Surge-block - • Submersible pump L99-375.010_DOC TRC SOP No. 010 Version 2.0 October 13, 1999 Page 2 of 3 2.2 Procedures Well development will be completed on monitoring wells after the grout,annular seals,and protective casings are stable(i.e_,48 hours after installation). 1_ Consult the monitoring well completion diagram and boring logs to determine the well construction geometry(depth and length of screen),air monitoring results,material screened,and-depth to water_ If potable water has been used during well installation, the estimated amount of water lost to the formation during the drilling process should be removed prior to the initiation of well development to ensure the removal of fresh formation water during the development process. 2. Select the appropriate device and tubing to complete development. The apparatus selected should be capable of surging the entire length of the well screen and be equipped with enough discharge tubing and water withdrawal capability to complete well evacuation to the surface and into containers if required. 3. Measure the-static water level in the well using SOP No.012,and determine the amount of standing water in the well(well volume). Record the air readings;water level,and calculated sipoe well volume. 4. Using the appropriate length of dedicated or decontaminated hosing/tubing and the. selected p"ping apparatus,insert the equipment into the well. 5. Initiate water removal from the well and record the initial field water quality measurements of pH,temperature,conductivity,and turbidity on the well development form, Record-any odors,water color,increases in air monitoring results or other observations in the field log book or on the-well development form. 6. Continue to evacuate the well while surging the water in the well.screen into and out of .the sandpack. Using'a plastic beaker or jar to collect purged water,conduct and record the field water quality parameters as in No_5 above with*each successive well volume as well as any additional observations_ Rinse measurements probes with deionized water between successive measurements and rinse with the purged water prior to the measurement of each well volume. Water should be withdrawn from the well until three(3)successive measurements of field water quality measurements vary by less than ten(10)percent of the instrument's scale. During this procedure,the water clarity and turbidity should be closely monitored_ Typically,following initially turbid results, turbidity values will decrease with the removal of subsequent well volumes;however,. stabilization of the turbidity values in silty aquifers maybe difficult. We11 developmenE should proceed until turbidity values have stabilized to within ten(10)percent_ L99-3T5.010_DOC TRC SOP No.010 - Version 2.O October 13, 1999 Page 3 of 3 �. Once all the;development criteria bave been satisfied,remove the apparatus from the well and complete decontamination of the apparatus and probes using SOP No_004. 4 1 L99-375_OI ODOC TRCProject- --- —— Project No-:-- - Datelf'une: Sheet_of — Field Data Record TRC Personnel- Well Development — Well identification_ — WELL INTEGRITY �_ J Protective W� top of riser measured id YES -NO Casing Stick-up It. Depth ft top of casing 8 historicaf ct Prote Casing Secure (from grou" — — Concrete Collar Intact Rise[Slick up Water PVC 5tc up Irdact (bOM UFOU" ft H Well Cap Present — — — — — .16 gauft(2 UL) Security Lodz Present WELL DUAMETER 2 Inch Height of .65 gaW(4 hL) 4 Inch Water Column ft_ x 1.5 gailK(6 in.) 6 inch —gaUfl irl) PIO SCREFNiNG 1►tEAS_ — — — — — Volume of Water in Well= gallon(s) WELL MATERIAL Background Total gallons We"Mouth PVC SS (VOL=r?h(0.163)] to purge FIELD WATER gt1AL1TY MEASUREMENTS Purge Vo wo(gal) PH(Sid.Units) Eh(null'rvol s) Conduct(pmhos/an) Temp.(C) Turb_(w" 0o(rewin) lr. f. Purge Volume(gag ' pH(Std.Units) Eh(mllivofls) Conduct.kenwhoacm) Temp.(C) Turb_0m) DO("19n) EQUIi W— PURGE SAMPLE EQUIPMENT ID jZCOK FLUID USED Perisfaftic Pump Tap Water SWrnxrsWle Pump - — Akonox Bader Y __ Tap Water VVatena — HNO3 0 or tOX) PVCMIcon Tubing Tap Water TetlodSAicon TubMg DESCRIPTION OF DECON.PROC- Methanol Hexane Air Unit Acetone In-line Filter Ak Dry. Pressure Vacuum Fitter DI was" Measuring Tape "DryHI None ^F' ' STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Title: Procedure Number: Water Level and Product Measurement 012 Supersedes: Revision Number. 0 Reason for Revision: Effective Date: August 2003 Authorization Signatures Auth r 17#1Da Technical Review Date Quality Assurance Review Date Sandy Weymouth lWdi Kenneth Cormier Elizabeth Denly A 0 3 Level and Product Measurement Page 1 of 10 3dure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. ' 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......3 '. 1.1 Scope and Applicability........... . ................................................... _ ....3 1.2 Summary of Method............................ ........3 1.3 Equipment and Supplies........................:..............................................3 1.4 Definitions....-- •.......................................................................... .......4 i 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings................................... ........5 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems..........:...............................................5 1.7 Personnel Qualifications .........................................6 2.0 PROCEDURES.......................................................................... ..............:..6 2.1 Calibration.............................................................................................6 2.1.1 Calibration of Water Level Meters .................................................6 2.1.2 Calibration of OilM/ater Interface Probes ......................................6 2.2 Procedures for Measuring Water Level When Separate Phase Product is Not Suspected......................................................................7 2.3 Procedure for Measuring Water Level When Separate Phase Product is Suspected............................................................................7 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCEIQUALITY CONTROL......................................................8 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT ........................................9 5.0 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................9 ATTACHMENT Attachment A Example Field Logbook Documentation for Water Levels i i i i 1 Water Level and Product Measurement Page 2 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Applicability This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the methods for conducting water level and/or separate phase product measurements in monitoring wells, piezometers,and boreholes during field investigations at hazardous and non-hazardous waste sites. 1.2 Summary of Method j The objective of water level measurements is to obtain measurements of the depth of groundwater for use during well installation, in the recording of data for the preparation of groundwater elevation contour maps,purge volume calculations during groundwater sampling,slug tests, packer tests, and pump tests. The procedure involves using a water level indicator, or a similar piece of equipment;to measure the depth to water(DTW)in a monitoring well,piezometer,or borehole from a set reference point.When used in conjunction with an accurate site elevation survey,DTW data can be converted to potentiometric surfaces to support groundwater flow direction analysis as well as other aquifer characteristics. The objective of separate phase product measurements is to obtain measurements of the thickness of separate phase product in the water column.The thickness of both Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(DNAPL)and Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(LNAPL)can be determined using an oil/water interface probe. For LNAPL, the procedure involves measuring the depth to the separate phase product and the depth to the underlying groundwater from a set reference point.The difference between.these two measurements is the thickness of the LNAPL. For DNAPL,the procedure involves measuring the depth to the separate phase product and the depth to the bottom of the well,borehole,etc.The difference between these two measurements is the thickness of the DNAPL. 1.3 Equipment and Supplies The following list of equipment may be utilized when conducting water level and separate phase product measurements. Site-specific conditions may warrant the use of additional items or deletion of items from this list. Appropriate level of personal protection Electronic water level indicator Oil/water interface probe Air monitoring instruments, as required in the HASP(PID,FID, etc.) i Field logbook and monitoring form Well keys Containers to hold water and isopropanol for calibration Tap water Water Level and Product Measurement Page 3 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only I 1 TRCI STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE • Isopropanol • Previous measurement data(if available) • Precision ruler or measuring tape • Permanent marker(e.g.,Sharpie) 1.4 Definitions Borehole A hole drilled into the soil or bedrock using.a drill rig,or similar equipment. Dense Non-Aqueous Separate phase product that is denser than water and therefore siriks Phase Liquid(DNAPL) to the bottom of the well. Depth To Water(DTW) The distance to groundwater from an established measuring point. Flame Ionization An instrument that uses a flame to break down volatile organic Detector(FID) compounds(VOCs)into ions that can be measured. Light Non-Aqueous Separate phase product that is less dense than water and therefore Phase Liquid(LNAPL) floats on the surface of the water table. Monitoring Well A well made from a polyvinyl chloride(PVC)pipe,or similar material,with a section of slotted screen installed across or below the groundwater table. A monitoring well is typically constructed with PVC pipe in unconsolidated deposits and with steel casing in bedrock_ Typically,PVC wells have slotted screen installed across or below the groundwater table. Typical bedrock well construction includes steel casing grouted into competent bedrock,followed by an open borehole interval at depth. Non-Aqueous Phase Petroleum or other fluid that is immiscible in water and tends to Liquid(NAPL) remain as a separate undissolved liquid in the subsurface. Photo Ionization An instrument that uses an ultraviolet light source to break down Detector(PID) VOCs into ions that can be measured. Piezometer A small-diameter well made from PVC or metal with a slotted screen installed across or below the water table.Piezometers are primarily installed to monitor changes in the potentiometric surface. Potentiometric Surface A surface representing the hydraulic head of groundwater. Separate Phase Product A liquid that does not easily dissolve in water due to differences in specific gravity. Separate phase product can be denser(DNAPL)or less dense(LNAPL)than water and therefore can be found at different depths in the water column. Water Level and Product Measurement Page 4 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TOCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP Standard Operating Procedure Tight Formation A geologic formation that has a very slow recharge rate due to small pore spaces in the formation material. A clay formation is considered"tight''and has a very slow recharge rate compared to a more permeable.formation such as gravel. . Total Depth of Well Distance from measure point to bottom of the well. 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings TRC employees will be on site when implementing this SOP. Therefore,TRC personnel shall follow the site-specific Health&Safety Plan. TRC personnel will use the appropriate level of personal protection,which includes(at a minimum)the following equipment: 1)hardhat;2) safety boots(steel toelsteel shank); 3)safety glasses and,4)chemical-resistant gloves. When present,special care should be taken to avoid contact with LNAPL or DNAPL. The use of an air monitoring program as well as the proper personal protective equipment designated by the site Health&Safety Plan can mitigate health hazards. 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems • Depth to water measurements of all wells in a site survey should be collected within a 24 hour period to ensure consistent data collection during a groundwater elevation round. However, certain conditions may produce rapid changes in groundwater elevations which might necessitate collecting readings over a shorter time period.Rapid groundwater elevation changes may occur due to: - Changes in atmospheric pressure - Pumping of nearby wells - Precipitation - Tidal influences - Rapid changes in river levels(e.g., dam release,upstream thunderstorm) • Allow water levels in newly-installed wells to stabilize for approximately 24 hours before taking measurements.Recovery might take longer in wells installed in tight formations. • Because the tops of monitoring wells and piezometers are often cut unevenly,be sure to take depth to water measurements from a marked spot to ensure consistent data collection over time. • To limit the possibility of cross contamination, depth to water measurements should be collected in order from the least to the most contaminated wells and piezometers. Be sure to decontaminate the entire length of the submerged tape between well measurements to reduce the potential for cross contamination. • If the presence of NAPL is suspected at a site,an oil/water interface probe should be used to conduct water level measurements.When DNAPL is a suspected contaminant characteristic at a site,the interface probe should be lowered to the Bottom of the well until DNAPL is encountered. Be sure to decontaminate the entire length of the submerged tape between well measurements to reduce the potential for cross contamination. i Water Level.and Product Measurement Page 5 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8f2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Tight well caps and low permeability formations may not allow the potentiometric surface to equilibrate. 1.7 Personnel Qualifications Since this TRC SOP will be implemented at sites or in work areas that entail potential exposure to toxic chemicals or hazardous environments,all TRC personnel must be adequately trained. All personnel utilizing this SOP must have completed the following: 1. 40-hour OSHA training 2. 8-hour annual refresher training In addition to the 40-hour initial OSHA training(and annual 8-hour refresher training),all TRC field staff will complete-24 hours of supervised field experience that contribute toward the.24- hour field supervised requirement in compliance with OSHA regulation: 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(4). 2.0 PROCEDURES The following procedures must be followed during the collection of water level and product measurements.Procedures may vary depending on the equipment used and contaminants present at the site. 2.1 Calibration Refer to the project's Quality Assurance Project Plan(QAPP)for calibration frequency and any site-specific calibration procedures. In the absence of a QAPP,the following calibration procedures should.be followed. Calibration should be performed at the onset of the project and' weekly thereafter. 2.1.1 Calibration of Water Level Meters 1. Lower the water level probe into a container filled with tap water until the meter sounds. 2. While the meter is sounding, use a ruler or measuring tape to measure the distance between the water surface and the 1-foot increment mark on the water level tape. 3. Check that the 1-foot increment is actually 1 foot from the water surface. 2.1.2 Calibration of Oil/Water Interface Probes 1. Each probe used will have one distinguishing sound to represent detection of water and a separate distinguishing sound to represent detection of product. Determine the instrument's audible sound differentiation for water and separate phase product(i.e.,continuous beep for product, intermittent beep for water). 2. Water Level Probe Calibration Check a. Lower the water level probe into a container filled with tap water until the appropriate sound for water is heard,as determined in Step 1. b. While the meter is sounding,use a ruler or measuring tape to measure the distance between the water surface and the 1-foot increment mark on the water level tape. Water Level and Product Measurement Page 6 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE c. Check that the 1-foot increment is actually 1 foot from the water surface. 3. Oil/Product Probe Calibration Check a. Clean the probe by rinsing with tap water. b. Lower the probe into a container filled with isopropanol until the appropriate sound for product is heard,as determined in Step 1. 2.2 Procedures for Measuring Water Level When Separate Phase Product is Not Suspected If possible,and when applicable, start at wells that are least contaminated and proceed to those wells that are most contaminated 1. Record the condition of the well(protective casing,concrete collar,lock in place,etc.), any equipment being used,and the current weather conditions in the logbook or on the water level monitoring form. 2. Use HASP-specified gloves. Stand upwind of the well;unlock and open the well.Follow HASP requirements for well mouth and breathing zone air monitoring. 3. Identify the previous measuring point marking or notch on the riser or casing(if present). If no previous measuring point exists,use a permanent marker to mark a location on the rim of the riser or casing. Record this location in the field logbook or on the water level monitoring form(e.g.,top of riser or top of casing). 4. Using a previously decontaminated and calibrated water level meter,turn on the meter, check the audible indicator(push the"Test"button),reel the electronic probe into the well riser (with the increments visible)slowly until the meter sounds. 5. Grasp the tape with hand,withdraw the tape and lower it again slowly until the sound is again audible. Check the depth to water on the tape and make a mental note of the depth to within 0.01 feet. 6. Lower the probe again slowly and repeat the measurement for precision. In the field logbook or on the water level monitoring form,record the depth to water from the measuring point noted in Step#3. 7. Decontaminate the probe and any obviously soiled tape. Refer to TRC SOP 004,Equipment Decontamination, for details on equipment decontamination procedures. 2.3 Procedure for Measuring Water Level When Separate Phase Product is Suspected If possible,and when applicable,start at wells that are least contaminated and proceed to those wells that are most contaminated. Page 7 of 10 Water Level and Product Measurement Effective: 8/2003 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE .� *C_j 1. Record the condition of the well(protective casing,concrete collar,lock in place,etc.),any equipment being used,and the current weather conditions in the logbook or on the water level monitoring form. 2. Use HASP-specified gloves. Stand upwind of the well;unlock and open the well.Follow HASP requirements for well mouth and breathing zone air monitoring. 3. Identify the previous measuring point marking-or notch on the riser or casing(if present). If no previous measuring point exists, use a permanent marker to mark a location on the rim of the riser or casing. Record this location in the field logbook or on the water level monitoring form(e.g.,top of riser or top of casing). 4. Using a previously decontaminated and calibrated oil/water interface probe,turn on the meter,check the audible indicator,and slowly reel the electronic probe into the well riser (with the increments visible)until the appropriate sound for water is heard,as determined in Section 2.1.2. 5. If water is encountered first(as determined by the audible sound on the meter which represents water),follow steps 5 and 6 from Section 2.2. In the field logbook or on the water level monitoring form,record the depth to water from the measuring point noted in Step 3. 6. If DNAPL is suspected,continue lowering the probe until product is encountered(as determined by the audible sound on the meter which represents product). In the field logbook or on the water level monitoring form,record the depth to product from the measuring point noted in Step#3. 7. Calculate the thickness of the DNAPL using the following equation: (Total depth of well) - (Depth to product) = DNAPL thickness 8. If LNAPL is encountered before water,record the depth to product from the measuring point noted in Step#3 in the field logbook and then continue lowering the meter until water is encountered. 9. In the field logbook or on the water level monitoring form,record the depth to water from the measuring point noted in Step#3. 10. Calculate the thickness of the LNAPL using the following equation: (Depth to water) - (Depth to product) = LNAPL thickness 11. Decontaminate the probe and any obviously soiled tape. Refer to TRC SOP No.004, Equipment Decontamination Procedures, for details on equipment decontamination. 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL The following Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures apply: • Operate field instruments according to the manufacturer's manuals. Water Level and Product Measurement Page 8 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only T IM STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE • Calibrate field instruments at the proper frequency. Check the depth to water at least two times in order to compare results.If results do not agree to within 0.02 feet,take a third measurement.If results still do not agree,check for possible equipment failure or review the cautions and potential problems listed in Section 1.6. Repeat the measurement when the cause of the precision nonconformance has been discovered and corrected. 1 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT Record measurements on field sheets or in a field logbook. See Attachment A for an example of field logbook documentation. Record the following additional information in the field logbook: - Well/piezometer or monitoring point identification number - Well/piezometer or monitoring point location(sketch of the sample,point) - Time and date measurements were taken - Personnel performing the task - Weather conditions during task Other pertinent observations - Measurement equipment used - Calibration procedures used - Decontamination procedures used - Fixed measuring point used for depth to water measurements 5.0 REFERENCES Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods. EPA/540/P-87/001. December 1987. Guidance for Preparing Standard Operating Procedures. EPA/2408-01/004. March 2001. U.S. EPA Environmental Response Team,Standard Operating Procedures,Manual Water Level Measurements,SOP 2043. February 11,2000. TRC SOP 004,Equipment Decontamination Procedures, Revision 0,August 2003. i Water Level and Product Measurement Page 9 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT A EXAMPLE FIELD LOGBOOK DOCUUMENTATION FOR WATER LEVELS 3 j f Water Level and Product Measurement Page 10 of 10 Procedure No:012 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformation Only Wle S-14 4, zu a s - RM, gj 71 .1 Y i. - TR..C STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Title: Procedure Number_ Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples 014 Supersedes: Revision Number. None 1 Reason for Revision: Effective Date: Not Applicable November 2003 Authorization Signatures 6�Sl Author Date Te�eiew Date Quality Assurance Review Date Adam Balogh Kenneth Cormier I Elizabeth Denly Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 1 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 1112003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 3 1.1 Scope and Applicability........................................................................ 3 1.2 Summary of Method........................•------.............................................. 3 1.3 Equipment............................................................................................ 3 1.4 Definitions 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings.................................................................... 6 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems......................................................... 7 1.7 Personnel Qualifications....................................................................... 7 1.8 Regulatory Requirements for Shipping Dangerous Goods................... 7 2.0 PROCEDURE................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Non-Dangerous Goods(Exempt)......................................................... 9 2.2 Shipment of Dangerous Goods (Non-Exempt)................................... 10 2.2.1 Shipping Papers ..........................•--•-.......................................... 12 2.2.2 Labeling...................................................................................... 13 2.3 Small Quantity Exemption for Methanol............................................. 14 2.3.1 Shipping Papers ......................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Labeling..............................................................................•--..... 15 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL................................................... 15 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT..................................... 15 5.0 REFERENCES............................................................................................. 15 ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT A SHIPPER'S DECLARATION FOR DANGEROUS GOODS.......... 16 ATTACHMENT B DIAGRAM OF APPROPRIATE LABELING OF SHIPPING CONTAINER FOR SHIPMENT OF PE SAMPLE PRESERVED WITHNITRIC ACID..............................:.................................. 17 Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 2 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE I� 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Applicability This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the methods for proper packaging and shipping of environmental samples during hazardous waste investigations_ Proper packaging and shipping of,samples is important for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring prompt and reliable shipment of the sample to the analytical laboratory as well as adhering to Department of Transportation(DOT)regulations and protecting the health and safety of site and shipping personnel. Proper packaging and shipping of environmental samples ensures on-time delivery of intact samples in accordance with DOT regulations. Failure to do so may result in broken sample containers,shipment delays, and possibly fines. 1.2 Summary of Method Environmental samples are placed in individual sample containers that are.then packaged in larger containers and transported/shipped to the laboratory for analysis. Proper packaging may include the use of packing inserts(foam or bubble wrap)to minimize breakage,ice or block ice to maintain temperatures and sturdy boxes(cooler)to minimize breakage. i The majority of sample packaging and shipments will have simplelstraight forward solutions since most samples fall within the regulatory exemption pertaining to dangerous goods. A limited number of situations,where samples are characterized as"Dangerous Goods",will require specialized packaging, labeling, shipping, and training/certification. 1.3 Equipment The following equipment may be utilized when packaging and shipping environmental samples. Project-specific conditions or requirements may warrant the use of additional items or deletion of items from this list. • Appropriate level of personal protection • Coolers with return address of TRC office written on inside lid • Heavy-duty plastic bags. Plastic zip-loc bags,small and large • Fiberglass and duct tape 1 Organic absorbent("Slikwil�')and/or packing peanuts • • Bubble Wrap Ice • Gel Packs • Custody seals i Completed-Chain-of-Custody records Completed Bill of Lading • Clear tape • Cooler labels("THIS END UP",arrow labels,etc.) Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 3 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only rla__ .c STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.4 Definitions 49 CFR Volume 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations Carrier Means a person engaged in the transportation of passengers or property by: (1)Land or water, as a common,contract,or private carrier,or(2) Civil aircraft. Class An abbreviation for hazard class. Combination Package Means a packaging consisting of an outer packaging and an inner receptacle, so constructed that the inner receptacle and the outer packaging form an integral packaging. Once assembled it remains thereafter an integrated single unit;it is filled,stored,shipped and emptied as such. Container An empty shipping box or an interior vessel designed to contain the. material. Corrosive Liquid A liquid, excluding poisons,that causes destruction of human skin or steel. Specific testing criteria are presented by DOT in 49 CFR Part 173.240. Chemicals used to preserve samples(e.g.,HCI,HNO3i NaOH,and H2SO4)may be classified as corrosive. Dangerous Goods Any article or substance which is capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or property when transported. DOT Department of Transportation Flammable Liquid A liquid having a flashpoint below 100'F(37.8°Q. Hazard Class Means the category of hazard assigned to a hazardous material under the criteria in 49 CFR Part 173 and the provisions of the Hazardous Materials Table(HMT). A material may meet the defining criteria for more than one hazard class but is assigned to only one hazard class. Hazardous Materials Means a substance or material, which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health,safety,and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. The term includes hazardous substances,hazardous wastes,marine pollutants, elevated temperature materials,materials designed as hazardous in the HMT,and materials that meet the defining criteria for hazard classes and divisions in 49 CFR Part 173. Hazardous Substance For the purposes of this SOP,means a material, including its mixtures and solutions,that: (1)Is listed in the HMT,which is in 49 CFR 172.101,Appendix A; (2)Is in a quantity, in one package,which equals or exceeds the reportable quantity(RQ)listed in Appendix A to the HMT; and(3)When in a mixture or solution—(i)For Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 4 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TRCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE radionuclides,conforms to paragraph 7 of Appendix A to§172.101. (ii)For other than radionuclides,is in a concentration by weight which equals or exceeds the concentration corresponding to the RQ of the material. EMT The Hazardous Materials Table found in 49 CFR Part 172.101. IATA International Air Transport Association. Inner packaging Means a packaging for which an outer packaging is required for transport. It does not include the inner receptacle of a composite f packaging- Marine pollutant Means a hazardous material which is listed in Appendix B to the HMT and,when in a solution or mixture of one or more marine pollutants, is. packaged in a concentration which equals or exceeds: (1)Ten percent by weight of the solution or mixture for materials listed in the appendix;or(2)One percent by weight of the solution or mixture for materials that are identified as severe marine pollutants in the appendix. n.o.s. An abbreviation meaning"not otherwise specified." Non-bulk packaging Means a packaging which has a capacity of less than or equal to 450 liters (L) [119 gallons],400 kilograms (kg) [882 pounds],or an equivalent water capacity of 454 kilograms(1,000 pounds)- Non-dangerous Good An article or substance that is not capable of posing a significant risk to health,safety or property when transported. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Outer packaging Means the outermost enclosure of a composite or combination packaging together with any absorbent materials, cushioning and any other components necessary to contain and protect inner receptacles or inner packagings. Package The whole shipping container with materials in it. Packaging The absorbent,shock absorbing material that pads the inner container.. j Packing Group Means a grouping according to the degree of danger presented by hazardous materials. Packing Group I indicates great danger,Packing Group II,medium danger,Packing Group III,minor danger.See 49 CFR Part 172.101(f). Personal Protective Clothing, equipment or devices worn by individual employees Equipment(PPE) to protect themselves from the risk of injury by creating a barrier against workplace hazards. Typically, PPE addresses eye, face, head, foot,and hand protection. i j Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 5 of 17 Procedure No:614 Revision: 1 Effective:-11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Infon=nation Only I , STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE pg An abbreviation for packing group. PIH An abbreviation for poison inhalation hazard. Primary hazard Means the hazard class of a material as assigned in the HMT_ Proper shipping name Means the name of the hazardous material shown in Roman print (not italics)in the HMT. Reportable quantity For the purposes of this SOP,means the quantity specified (RQ) in column 3 of Appendix A to the EMT for any material identified in Column 1 of the appendix. Shipper The person preparing the materials for shipment;also the person who signs the shipping papers. Small Quantity The DOT provides for small quantity exceptions to some of its Exemption transportation requirements. The small quantity exceptions(qualifying materials and quantity limits)are described in 49 CFR Part 173.4, particularly subparts 3,9,and 10. Shipping Paper Means a shipping order,bill of lading, manifest or other shipping document serving a similar purpose and containing the information required by 49 CFR Part 172.202, 172.203 and 172.204. SOP Standard Operating Procedure. Technical Name Means a recognized chemical name or microbiological name currently used in scientific and technical handbooks,journals,and texts. Generic descriptions are authorized for use as technical names provided they readily identify the general chemical group or microbiological group_ Examples of acceptable generic chemical descriptions are organic phosphate compounds,petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons and tertiary amines_ Except for names which appear in the HMT,trade names may not be used as technical names. Transporter The person or company that physically moves the package between locations. 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings TRC employees will likely be on site when implementing this SOP. Therefore,TRC personnel shall follow the site specific Health&Safety Plan. TRC personnel will use the appropriate level of personal protection,which includes(at a minimum)the following PPE: 1)hardhat; 2)safety boots(steel toe/steel shank); 3)safety glasses and,4)chemical-resistant gloves,as needed. Implementing this SOP may require the handling of samples preserved with caustics and/or acid_ Samples of chemicals may also be handled. These substances should be considered hazardous materials and TRC will appropriately handle and store them at all times. Hazardous substances may be incompatible or may react to produce heal,explosion,or toxic products. Hazardous Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 6 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only i TRCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE i i substances may be incompatible with clothing or equipment; some can permeate or degrade protective clothing. Also,hazardous substances may pose a direct health hazard to workers through inhalation or skin contact or if they combust. 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems Acids and solvents utilized in sample preservation may pose the health and safety risks of inhalation or skin contact,and result in shipping concerns that require adherence to "Dangerous Goods"regulations. The site work plan must address disposal of the unused materials. DISCLAIMER: • The diverse nature of hazardous materials shipments does not always allow for a simple step- by-step approach.A trained person must choose the best solution to each unique shipping situation. • In general,this TRC SOP covers shipments within the United States.If you are shipping overseas,you should contact the transportation company for specific shipping requirements. This TRC SOP does not cover infectious materials or radioactive substances. • This TRC SOP should not be used in lieu of training and regulatory guidance to achieve full compliance with the Department of Transportation regulations. 1.7 Personnel Qualifications Since this SOP may be implemented at sites or in work areas that entail potential exposure to toxic chemicals or hazardous environments,all TRC personnel must be adequately trained_ Before implementing this SOP alone,TRC personnel must be trained in these procedures by a senior staff member with experience packaging and shipping samples. At a minimum,all personnel utilizing this SOP must have completed the following: • 40-hour OSHA training • 8-hour annual refresher training On-site training I For the shipment of"Dangerous Goods,"the following training and certification is also required: 1. DOMATA Dangerous Goods Training and Certification 2. Carrier-specific(i.e.,Federal Express)shipment and training. 1.8 Regulatory Requirements for Shipping Dangerous Goods Emergency Contact Information—Required in 49 CFR Parts 172.201 and 604,the shipper must provide a 24 hour emergency phone number for a person who is knowledgeable of the j hazards of the chemicals in the shipment. i Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 7 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 1 1/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Emergency Information—Each hazardous materials shipment must be accompanied with an emergency response guidance(49 CFR Part 172.602). Proper Identification of Hazardous Materials—A material may be defined to be hazardous by the DOT either by being on the Hazardous Materials Table(HI1ff)(49 CFR Part 172.101)or it may have characteristics that define the generic hazardous labels such as flammable. Proper Marling and Labeling—The labeling requirements for a hazardous materials package vary by the hazard of the material and the quantity in a package.The wording must be-exact,the only abbreviations allowed are specified by DOT and the order of information must also be exact. The specifics are provided in 49 CFR Part 172.301 and 49 CFR Part 400. Proper Packaging—Only containers that meet the UN performance standards are allowed for hazardous materials shipments.The acceptable packaging for a hazardous materials shipment will be influenced by transportation method and volume to be shipped;in some cases volumes are limited and/or certain transportation methods are forbidden. There are significant limitations on the reuse of containers for hazardous materials shipments-essentially they must be inspected following the requirements in 49 CFR Part 173.28. Retention of Records—Documentation of employee training is required to be kept for the duration of the employment and 90 days afterwards(49 CFR Part 172.704). All shipping papers must be kept for one year. Shippers Certification—The following phrase is required on shipping papers along with the shippers signature:"This is to certify that the above-named materials are properly classified, described,packaged,marked and labeled,and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the Department of Transportation."(49 CFR Part 172.204) Training—Every aspect of hazardous materials shipments requires a general awareness, safety, and a function-specific training with a test of competency.This means that anybody who loads, unloads or handles hazardous materials packages,determines shipping containers are acceptable, determines that materials to be shipped are hazardous,packages hazardous materials for shipment,labels a hazardous materials package,fills out shipping papers,or transports hazardous materials,must be trained.(49 CFR Part 172.700) 2.0 PROCEDURE Samples must be shipped to the laboratory as soon as possible after sample collection. Samples must arrive at the laboratory so that the laboratory has sufficient time to prepare and analyze the samples within the prescribed holding times. The shipper must be aware of the holding times of the samples being collected so that he/she can get the samples to the laboratory in time. The shipper can obtain holding time information from the project Sampling and Analysis Plan/Quality Assurance Project Plan(SAP/QAPP), if available,or by directly referring to the analytical method for which the sample is being collected. Samples must be packed such that the sample container remains intact during shipment and arrives at the laboratory at the proper preservation temperature. ,Typically,samples collected are not characterized as dangerous goods and may be safely packaged in coolers rather than Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 8 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TMSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE I ' DOT/IATA approved shipping containers. This is the case with unpreserved samples or samples preserved with: HCl—Hydrochloric Acid, HNO3—Nitric Acid, I • 112SO4—Sulfuric Acid, • NaOH—Sodium Hydroxide,and • . NaHSO4—Sodium Bisulfate Section 2.1 provides the procedure that will be used to ship samples preserved with these reagents ("non-dangerous goods'). Samples preserved with methanol,samples of media with known polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),or performance evaluation(PE)samples preserved with nitric acid shall be shipped as dangerous goods(Section 2.2): A small quantity exemption for methanol may apply in certain cases,as discussed in Section 2.3. i Samples may also be packaged for delivery via laboratory courier service. For courier delivery, a samples should generally be packaged as if they were being shipped to the laboratory to avoid breakage and spillage. The courier service becomes responsible for complying with labeling { requirements upon accepting samples for delivery. 1 2.1 Non-Dangerous Goods (Exempt) The following steps must be followed when packing for shipment by air: 1. Select a sturdy cooler in good repair. Secure and tape the drain plug(inside and outside) with fiber or duct tape. 2. Be sure the caps on all bottles are tight(will not leak);check to see that labels and chain-of- custody records are completed properly. 3. Place all bottles in separate and appropriately sized plastic zip-loc bags and close the bags. Up to three VOA vials may packed in one bag. Bottles should be wrapped in bubble wrap. Optionally,place three to six VOA vials in a quart metal can and then fill the can with a dry absorbent material(e.g.shkwik). It is preferable to place glass sample bottles and jars into the cooler vertically. Due to the strength properties of a glass container,there is much less chance for breakage when the container is packed vertically rather then horizontally. 4. Place two to four inches of packing peanuts or absorbent material in the cooler and then place the bottles and cans with sufficient space to allow for the addition of more packing peanuts or dry absorbent material between the bottles and cans. S. Put ice in large plastic zip-loc bags (double bagging the zip-toe bags is preferred) and properly seal. Place these ice bags on top of,and between the samples. Fill all remaining space between the bottles or cans with packing peanuts or dry absorbent material. i 6. Place the completed Chain-of-Custody Record or the CLP Traffic Report Form(if applicable) for the laboratory into a plastic zip-loc bag, tape the bag to the inner side of the cooler's lid, j and then close the cooler. NOTE: If laboratory courier service is used,the chain-of-custody record should not be put inside the cooler. In this instance the courier must sign the chain-of- Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 9 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only I R. 7 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE custody upon receiving the samples and is subsequently responsible for delivering the chain- of-custody record to the laboratory. 7. Fiberglass reinforced packaging tape shall be wrapped around each end of the cooler two times,and completed custody seals affixed to the top opposite sides of the cooler,half on the tape,so that the cooler cannot be opened without breaking the seal. Complete two more wrap arounds with tape;place clear tape over custody seals. NOTE: Custody seals are not required when laboratory courier service is used. 8. The shipping containers must be marked'THIS END UP"and arrow labels,which indicate the proper upward position of the container,should be affixed.to the cooler. A label containing the name and address of the both the shipper and the recipient shall be placed on the outside of the container. Labels used in the shipment of hazardous materials(such as Cargo Only Air Craft,Flammable Solids,etc.)are not permitted to be on the outside of the container used to transport environmental samples and shall not be used. 2.2 Shipment of Dangerous Goods (Non-Exempt) The packaging and shipping of samples characterized as"Dangerous Goods"must conform to DOT and IATA regulations in addition to the requirements stated in Section 2.1. Only personnel trained and certified in Dangerous Goods transport pursuant to 49 CFR Part 172.700 may.ship Dangerous Goods. "Dangerous Goods'applies to samples preserved with methanol,PE samples preserved with nitric acid,or samples of media with known PCBs. However a small quantity exemption for methanol may apply in certain cases,as discussed in Section 2.3. The procedure for packaging of IATA regulated samples is the same as the procedure described above(Section 2.1)with the following additions: • The shipping container must meet IATA requirements and the shipper must consult the IATA regulations to choose the correct shipping container. • The samples must be segregated by contents. According to IATA regulations,the shipping container and shipping manifest must identify the material being shipped. In addition to DOT and IATA regulations,special requirements may be made by the shipping company(e.g.,Federal Express). All regulations and requirements will be researched and determined prior to field mobilization,outlined in project-specific work instructions,and strictly implemented. The following bullets summarize the basic steps for shipping Dangerous Goods. The summary is only meant to outline or remind staff of procedures learned in DOT training. The steps are not meant to replace procedures learned in training. • Identify the Materials to be Shipped Material identification is conducted by checking the Hazardous Materials Table(HMT)to see if it is listedthere and checking the hazard class as defined by DOT to see if the material has any regulated hazards. Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 10 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TftAC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NOTE: The amount/quantity must be known because there are limitations on certain hazardous materials as to how much can go on an airplane or ship. Choose the Best Shipping Name When shipping a commercial product or pure substance,the proper shipping name and related DOT information should be on the Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS). If you are unsure of the proper shipping name or it is not on the MSDS, start by Iooking the chemical name(and synonyms)up in the HMT. .If the material has more than one hazard as defined by DOT,you will need to refer to the precedence of hazards table 49 CFR Part 173.2a to choose the primary hazard.Once the primary hazard has been determined,go to the HMT and choose the generic name(based on the primary hazard)that best describes the material to be shipped. If there is no hazard as defined by DOT associated with the material,then you do not have a hazardous materials shipment. • Verify the Best Transportation Vehicle for Shipping The HMT has several columns that help with this procedure'. The most important of these are the two columns under"Quantity Limitations"labeled"Passenger aircraft or railcar"and "Cargo aircraft only." Each column will have a volume/weight or the word"Forbidden"in each row,telling you how much material of that shipping name can go into a package being ! transported this way. Check also the"special provisions"column to determine if there are any additional requirements for the chosen shipping name. These codes are fully explained in 49 CFR Part 172.102. • Choose the Best Container and Packaging for the Package In general,all packages of hazardous materials must be UN approved_ There will be a"UN" on the outside of the container followed by a string of letters and numbers much like"UN 4G/X11/S/96 USA/M4042"which identify the container as a box(4)made of fiberboard(G) that can hold packing groups I, II and III(X)up to eleven kilograms in weight(11)of solids only(S)made in 1996(96). The rest of the number identifies the country(USA)and identifier of the manufacturer(M4042). Aside from choosing a container material that is chemically compatible with the material to be shipped,the most important thing here is to choose a container which has been certified to ship the packing group that you wish to ship. An"X"package can ship packing groups I, II and III, a"Y"package is limited to packing groups II and III,and a"Z"package can only ship packing group III materials. If reusing a container for shipping,the requirements in 49 CFR Part 173.8 must be followed. The main points of this section are: J - There can be no evidence of a reduction in container integrity - Inner containers intended for liquids must undergo a leakproof test with the exception of inner containers of combination packages if - Packagings of paper,plastic film or textile materials may not be reused Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 11 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision_ 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Metal and plastic containers may only be reused when they are marked with a minimum thickness which they are shown to be thicker than. Plastic inner containers of a composite package must have a minimum thickness of lmm. 2.2.1 Shipping-Papers All shipments of"Dangerous Goods"must be accompanied by a Shippers Declaration for Dangerous Goods and the package must be appropriate labeled. The Shippers Declaration for Dangerous Goods must: • Be completed and signed by the shipper only. • Always be originals,never photocopies.It is acceptable for the.second page to be a carbon copy(both copies must have red borders). Always have two copies to tender to the airline(attached to the master air waybill). Amendments to the Dangerous Goods Certificate can be made by drawing one line through the error and making the correction. Correction fluid can not be used to make changes on the certificate.The shipper must then sign in full adjacent to the correction.Initials are not acceptable and only the person who is signing the Declaration can make a revision to the document. National and international laws require all persons performing dangerous goods functions to be trained and certified to perform those functions. Instructions for Shippers Declaration for Dangerous Goods(refer to Attachment A): 1. SHIPPER: Enter full name and address of shipper(including individual name and phone number) 2. CONSIGNEE: Enter full name and address of consignee(including individual name and phone number) 3. PAGES: Enter page 1 of 1_ 4. TRANSPORT DETAILS: Cross out"Cargo Aircraft Only" (if applicable). 5. SHIPMENT TYPE: Cross out 'Radioactive"(if package is not radioactive). 6. PROPER SHIPPER NAME: Enter proper shipping name "Corrosive Liquid, n.o.s." followed by the type of substance being shipped(e.g.Nitric Acid Solution).This.should be followed by the state of the matter(m1=liquid)or'(gm='Solid). Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 12 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective:11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only Jim. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE I 7. CLASS OR DIVISION: Enter class of division Corrosive Liquid"8" i 8. UN OR ID: Enter UN or ID number(be sure to include the letters "UN" or"ID" Corrosive Liquid—UN1760 9. PACKING GROUP: Corrosive Liquid-H r 10. QUANTITY AND TYPE OF PACKING: Enter number of packages,type of packaging and net quantity, e.g.,'one fiberboard box x 15 mis." 1 11. PACKING INSTRUCTION: Corrosive Liquid-"Y808" 12. ADDITIONAL HANDLING INFORMATION: For international shipments only,the following statement must be made: "Prior arrangements as required by 1ATA Dangerous Goods Regulation 1.3.3.1.have been made". 13. 24 HOUR EMERGENCY CONTACT: A phone number where someone can be contacted 24 hours a day in case of emergency. Must include international access code when applicable. 14. NAME/TITLE OF SIGNATORY: Enter the name and title of the person completing this certificate(No abbreviations allowed). Enter the place and date(e.g., Woburn,MA 11/21/03)of where the form is signed and enter the signature. 2.2.2 Labeling Labeling is required for all shipments of Dangerous Goods. Labeling requirements are identified in 49 CFR 172,Subpart E. Generally,unless excepted,all packages must be labeled,or if permitted,placarded.Labels are based on Column 6 of the Hazardous Materials Table (Section 172.101).A package must be labeled for all of the hazards listed in Column 6(Section 172.400). The label must correspond to the hazard,and the hazardous material must be present in the package.There cannot be any other marking or symbol that may be confused with the label (Section 172.401).Labels must be clearly visible and unobstructed(Section 172.406). When materials of different hazard classes are packed in the same overpack,consolidated package, or mixed packaging,the outside of the packaging must be labeled for each class of hazardous materials that it contains.(Section 172.404). Attachment B presents a diagram of an appropriately labeled shipping container for shipment of a PE sample preserved with nitric acid. Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 13 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only T, RC. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.3 Small Quantity Exemption for Methanol The volumes of methanol may fall under the small quantity exemption of 49 CFR Part 173.4. To qualify for this exemption,all of the following must be met: • The maximum volume of methanol in each sample container must not exceed 30 milliliters (nil). • The sample container must not be full of methanol. • The sample container must be securely packed and cushioned in an upright position,and be surrounded by a sorbent material capable of absorbing spills from leaks or breakage of sample containers. • The package weight must not exceed 64 pounds. • The volume of methanol per shipping container must not exceed 500 nil. • The packaging and shipping container must be strong enough to hold up to the intended.use. • The package must not be opened or altered while in transit. • The shipper must mark the shipping container as follows: "This package conforms to 49 CFR 173.4" When shipping domestically by Federal Express via ground or air,the following rules apply: • follow the inner packaging requirements of 49 CFR 173.4 • no labels,placards,up arrows, or dangerous goods shipping papers are required. • if the Federal Express airbill has a shippers declaration for hazardous goods on it,check the Yes box under Shipper's Declaration not Required. When shipping internationally by Federal Express,the following rules apply: • follow the inner packaging requirements of 49 CFR 173.4. • use dangerous goods shipping papers. • apply orientation arrows on opposite vertical sides on the exterior of the package. 2.3.1 Shipping Papers Shipping papers are not required for valid small quantity exceptions(per 49 CFR part 173.118) when shipping domestically by Federal Express. Only international shipments must be accompanied by dangerous goods shipping papers that include the following: Proper Shipping Name: Methyl Alcohol Hazardous Class: . Flammable Liquid Identification Number: LJN1230 Total Quantity. (ml methanol/container x the number of containers) Emergency Response Info: Methanol MSDS attached Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 14 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE i Emergency Response Phone: 1-800-424-9300 3 Shipping Exemption: Dangerous Goods in Excepted Quantities 2.3.2 Labeling Labeling is not required for valid small quantity exemptions(per 49 CFR Part 173.118). When shipping internationally by Federal Express,apply orientation arrows on opposite vertical sides on the exterior of the package. 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL All data entry(e.g.,completion of shipping forms)shall be peer reviewed to insure accuracy and completeness. Copies of all completed shipping forms,airbills, and other records are maintained in the project file. 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT All sample numbers and descriptions must be documented in the chain-of-custody that accompanies the samples during shipment and may also be recorded on sample log sheets. Any deviations from the record management procedures specified in the SAP or QAPP must be approved by the QA Officer and Project Manager and documented in the Field Logbook. 5.0 REFERENCES 49 CFR Parts 171 to 179 49 CFR Part 400 49 CFR Part 604 Guidance for Preparing Standard Operating Procedures. EPA/240/Ml/004. March 2001. Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 15 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT A SHIPPER'S DECLARATION FOR DANGEROUS GOODS SM S f _ +4+MI . IMAM MINE r � . w.�.3eara+r+�v+rir�n-zt'aYii".*i`.�"'�' : :z1 r, RWC ti 44 Mrea��N+t Nor d Nei11 lql I aMel S*diu.1 i�r:��lgFl�r r pMapi��w�lkw� �piei�d �w�r/e�; !�► 1 lod ilriN» Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 16 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT B Diagram of Appropriate Labeling of Shipping Container for Shipment of PE Sample Preserved with Nitric Acid } T, _ =c Th.Bbdd 0.N q —f LTD. QTY. LTD. QTY. To: CKTan Southwest Research Institute 6220 Culebra Road San Antonio.TX 78228 (210)522-5052 1 ,y From:Todd Mayer TRC Environmental Corporation 100 Foot of John Street Lowell,MA 01852 (978)621-1710 LTD. QTY. i i I I T Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples Page 17 of 17 Procedure No:014 Revision: 1 Effective: 11/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only. T-RIC, STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE i i Title: Procedure Number. Headspace Field Screening Procedure 016 Supersedes: Revision Number. 0 Reason for Revision: Effective Date: August 2003 SAuthorization Signatures Author D to Technical Review Date Quality Assurance Review ,Date Sandy Weymouth C�3 Frank Calandra dd �3 Elizabeth Denly �/a O i I Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 1 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE s TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1..0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................_...... 3 1.1 Scope and Applicability................. .....................................•--......._...... 3 1.2 Summary of Method......................................................................_...... 3 1.3 Equipment and Supplies ............................................. 3 1.4 Definitions .................................................. 4 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings.................................................................... 4 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems......................................................... 4 1.6.1 Environmental Factors.................................................................. 4 1.6.2 Ionization Potentials of Contaminants of Concern ........................ 5. 1.6.3 High Levels of Methane ••••• 5 1.6.4 Use of Headspace Field Screening Data...................................... 5 1.6.5 Use of Thermal Enhancement for Headspace Measurements ..... 6 1.7 Personnel Qualifications....................................................................... 6 2.0 PROCEDURES ........................................ 6 ...................................................... 2.1 Calibration Procedures.................... .................................__....... 6 2.2 Field Screening Procedures..:.............................................................. 7 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL..................................................... 9 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT....................................... 9 5.0 REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 10 ATTACHMENT . ATTACHMENT A EXAMPLE DOCUMENTATION FOR HEADSPACE FIELD SCREENING RESULTS ....--•..........._..... 11 ATTACHMENT B PHOTOIONIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS..................................................... 12 I Page 2 of 23 Headspace Field Screening Procedure Effective: 812003 Procedure No: 016 - Revision: 0 Only TRC Controlled Document Forinfarmation Only rnCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Applicability This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the methods for conducting headspace field screening measurements during field investigations. 1.2 Summary of Method The objective of headspace field screening is to gain organic vapor/gas measurements of solid or aqueous media encountered during solid aqueous sampling.The procedure involves collecting solid or aqueous samples,sealing them in airtight containers,and analyzing the Total Organic Vapors(TOVs)that form within the container using a portable vapor/gas detector. Headspace field screening data can be used to pre-screen field samples or as a guide to direct subsequent investigations. Data collected using these methods are considered qualitative and specific compounds cannot be distinguished. However,the data are sufficient information for determining"hot spots"and general levels of contamination. 1.3 Equipment and Supplies The following list of equipment may be utilized when conducting headspace field screening measurements. Site-specific conditions may warrant the use of additional items or deletion of items from this list. • Appropriate level of personal protection • Photoionization detector(PID)with appropriate eV lamp source(see Section 1.6.2 for selection of proper lamp source)or flame ionization detector(FID) Aluminum foil 500 ml clean jars or larger(for solid samples)-jars less than 8 oz.capacity should not be used One-gallon resealable plastic bags(for solid samples) 40 ml to 1000 ml clean jars(for aqueous samples) • Field logbook j Decontaminated stainless steel sampling equipment • Charcoal filter(for FID only) • Tedlar bag(s)I Isobut lene(100 PPm�� comPressed gas cylinder I0 Methane(100 ppmV): compressed gas cylinder i Zero air: compressed gas cylinder I Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 3 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only l TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.4 Definitions Flame Ionization An instrument that uses a hydrogen flame to ionize volatile organic Detector(FID) compounds(VOCs) Headspace The area/space between the sample media and the top of the airtight container holding the sample.Organic vapors;if present,will collect in this area/space and can be measured OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Photoionization An instrument that uses an ultraviolet light source to break down Detector(PID) VOCs into ions that can be measured SOP Standard Operating Procedure TOVs Total Organic Vapors Volatile Organic Any chemical compound based on carbon chains or rings with a Compounds(VOCs) vapor pressure greater than 2 mm of mercury 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings TRC employees will be on site when implementing this SOP. Therefore,TRC personnel shall follow the site-specific Health& Safety Plan.TRC personnel will use the appropriate level of PPE,which includes fat a minimum)the following:' 1)hardhat; 2)safety boots (steel toe/steel shank); 3)safety glasses;and 4)chemical-resistant gloves. Implementing this SOP will require the use of compressed gases. These substances may be hazardous materials and TRC will appropriately handle and store them at all times. 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems 1.6.1 Environmental Factors Environmental factors may influence the performance of these methods.These factors include: 1. High moisture in soil or sediment. High soil/sediment moisture levels in soil can limit the amount of contaminants that will volatilize into the container headspace. High moisture levels affect PID readings more than FID readings and may cause a negative bias or inconsistent and non-comparable readings. For this reason, headspace field screening readings of aqueous samples using.a PID may not be appropriate. 2. High organic levels in soil or sediment. High organic(i.e., leaves,peat)and clay levels in soil/sediment can limit the amount of contaminants that will volatilize into the container headspace and may cause inconsistent or non-comparable readings. High levels of organics in soil/sediment may also produce methane, a natural gas that is included in the TOV readings from FIDs. 3. Low porespace due to fines(e.g.,clay or silt). Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 4 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only 1 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 4. Organic matter in aqueous samples. The presence of organic matter in aqueous samples (i.e., microbial populations)can reduce volatilization of contaminants. High levels of organics in aqueous samples may also produce methane,a natural gas that is included in the TOV readings from FIDs 5. Meteorological variations,especially humidity and ambient temperature. Normal ambient temperature variations could affect the amount of vapors that form in the headspace. 6. Background ambient levels of VOCs. Before beginning a headspace field screening program, identify background ambient levels of VOCs. Taking these levels into account when interpreting headspace field screening measurements will minimize the potential for false measurements. Data may be corrected for background measurements;however,the use of this procedure will be determined on a site-specific basis by the project manager. 1.6.2 Ionization Potentials of Contaminants of Concern The ionization potential of the contaminant is the energy required to completely remove an electron from its atom. In general,the ultraviolet lamp in the PID will either be 10.2 electron volts(eV)or 11.7 eV. When selecting the proper lamp,the ionization potential of the . contaminant of concern must be less than the ionization potential of the lamp. For example, if a PID is equipped with a 10.2 eV lamp,it will generally detect compounds with ionization potentials less than or equal to 10.2 eV. For most compounds,a 10.2 eV lamp is sufficient. Refer to Attachment B for a list of compounds and their ionization potentials. Two examples of proper lamp selection are provided below: Example 1:Trichloroethene:Ionizationpotential=9.45 eV. Since the ionization potential is less than 10.2 eV,either the 10.2 eV or the 11.7 eV lamp could be used. Example 2: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane:Ionization potential=11.25 eV Since the ionization potential is greater than 10.2 eV but is less than 11.7 eV,only the 11.7 eV lamp could be used. ? 1.6.3 High Levels of Methane If samples are suspected of containing high levels of methane(e.g.,high levels of decaying organics),representative readings of non-methane hydrocarbon vapors may be inhibited when ` using an FID. To avoid methane interference,the FID should be equipped with a charcoal filter which will filter out all compounds except methane and ethane; the heavier organic compounds are adsorbed onto the charcoal filter. Measurements can be taken with and without the charcoal filter to determine the levels of non-methane/ethane hydrocarbons and the levels of methane/ethane in the sample. The use of two FIDs may be considered(one with a charcoal filter and one without a charcoal filter)in order to obtain simultaneous readings. Measurement without charcoal filter=Total Organic Vapor Concentration(including methane and ethane) Measurement with charcoal filter=Methane and Ethane Concentration Measurement without charcoal filter—Measurement with charcoal filter=Total Non-Methane/Ethane Hydrocarbons NOTE: The loading capacity(amount of hydrocarbons which can be adsorbed on the charcoal filter before breakthrough will occur)and the lifetime of the charcoal filter must be verified with the vendor prior to use. 1.6.4 Use of Headspace Field Screening Data It is important to note that measurements obtained using portable vapor/gas detectors such as a PID or FID are considered qualitative and not quantitative. This type of data is sufficient for Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 5 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 i` TRC Controlled Document For Information Only I TRCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE demonstrating the relative presence of contamination,determining"hot spots,"use as a guide to direct subsequent investigations. This type of data cannot be used to identify specific contaminants and should not be used to determine whether a sample is"clean." 1.6.5 Use of Thermal Enhancement for Headspace Measurements Certain compounds(e.g.,xylenes and other high molecular weight VOCs)yield a better response when the headspace screening is performed with thermal enhancement. Thermal enhancement can be generated using a heated vehicle,heated building,hot water bath,or hot lamp. Refer to site-specific plans to determine the need for thermal enhancement. 1.7 Personnel Qualifications Since this SOP will be implemented at sites or in work areas that entail potential exposure to toxic chemicals or hazardous environments,all TRC personnel must be adequately trained. Before implementing this SOP,TRC personnel must be trained in these procedures by a senior staff member. In addition,all personnel utilizing this SOP must have completed the following: • 40-hour OSHA training. • 8-hour annual refresher training • On-site training 2.0 PROCEDURES Operation,maintenance,and calibration shall be performed in accordance with the site-specific Field Sampling Plan or Quality Assurance Project Plan and,if available,the instrument manufacturer's manual. 2.1 Calibration Procedures PID and FID field instruments shall be operated and calibrated to yield total organic vapors in ppm volume/volume(v/v)as isobutylene for the PID and methane for the FID. In certain instances, other gases may be appropriate for calibration. Correction of results using response factors may be appropriate;refer to instrument manufacturer's manuals for proper procedure. Refer to site-specific plans,if available. PID 1. Attachment B lists the ionization potentials of specific compounds. Refer to Section 1.6.2 for instructions,on selecting a PID with an appropriate lamp. 2. Tum instrument on and allow it to warm up for at least 10 minutes. 3. Fill a tedlar bag%full with the isobutylene standard.Depress the bag completely to expel any miscellaneous gases trapped in the bag.Fill the bag full with the isobutylene standard. 4. Set the PID to the Span Calibration Mode. Enter the appropriate calibration gas concentration in the meter. 5. Attach the probe to the tedlar bag, open the bag valve,and begin the calibration mode on the instrument.Keep the bag attached until the meter finishes the calibration. If the meter calibrates manually,attach the bag for 15 seconds and then calibrate according to the instrument's instruction manual. Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 6 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision_ 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only i f f STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE i 6. Fill a separate tedlar bag % full with zero air.Depress the bag completely to expel any miscellaneous gases trapped in the bag. Fill the bag full with zero air. 7. Set the PID to the Zero Calibration Mode. 8. Attach the probe to the tedlar bag,open the bag valve,and begin the calibration mode on the instrument. Keep the bag attached until the meter finishes the calibration.If the meter calibrates manually,attach the bag for 15 seconds and then calibrate according to the instrument's instruction manual. 9. Calibration should be checked at the beginning of each day,midway through the day,and at the end of the day. Calibration should also be checked if there is a substantial change in weather or if inconsistent or non-comparable readings are observed. The calibration check is performed using the compressed gas standard followed by the zero air check. The measured value of the standard must be within+ 10%of the true value. The zero au check should not yield a reading above background. All calibration measurements must be recorded in the field logbook- FID 1. Turn instrument on and allow it to warm up for at least 10 minutes. 2. Fill a tedlar bag 1/ full with the methane standard.Depress the bag completely to expel any miscellaneous gases trapped in the bag. Fill the bag full with the methane standard. 3. Set the FID to the Span Calibration Mode.Enter the appropriate calibration gas concentration in the meter. 4. Attach the probe to the tedlar bag,open the bag valve,and begin the calibration mode on the instrument.Keep the bag attached until the meter finishes the calibration.If the meter calibrates manually,attach the bag for 15 seconds and then calibrate according to the instrument's instruction manual. 5. Fill a separate tedlar bag % full with zero air.Depress the bag completely to expel any miscellaneous gases trapped in the bag.Fill the bag full with zero air. 6. Set the FID to the Zero Calibration Mode. T Attach the probe to the tedlar bag,open the bag valve,and begin the calibration mode on the instrument.Keep the bag attached until the meter finishes the calibration.If the meter calibrates manually, attach the bag for 15 seconds and then calibrate according to the instrument's instruction manual. 8. Calibration should be checked at the beginning of each day, midway through the day,and at the end of the day. Calibration should also be checked if there is a substantial change in weather or if inconsistent or non-comparable readings are observed. The calibration check is performed using the compressed gas standard followed by the zero air check. The measured value of the standard must be within+ 10%of the true value. The zero air check should not yield a reading above background. All calibration measurements must be recorded in the field logbook 2.2 Field Screening Procedures The following procedures should be followed for headspace field screening measurements of solid and aqueous samples. For solid samples a re-sealable plastic bag may be substituted for Headspace Feld Screening Procedure Page 7 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE clean jars;however,this depends on site-specific requirements and must be verified with the project manager. Sample collection for headspace field screening should occur immediately after the sample is exposed to air to prevent volatilization. 1. Put on chemical-resistant gloves. 2. Fill a clean container half-full with the sample to be analyzed. The type and size of the container,as well as the amount of sample collected,should be consistent for all samples collected at a site. See Section 1.3 for appropriate size containers for each matrix. 3. Quickly cover the open container top with one sheet of clean aluminum foil and apply the screw cap to tightly seal the jar. Plastic bags filled with soil should be sealed. 4. Vigorously shake jar or bag for 15 seconds. Be sure that all samples are shaken for the same period of time. 5. Allow headspace development to occur for at least 10 minutes. The time allowed for headspace development must be the same for all samples. Where ambient temperatures are near or below 32T(0°C), thermal enhancement should be considered and modified via a heated vehicle or building,hot water bath,hot lamp,or similar. Site-specific conditions(e.g., sunlight,wind)may impact the actual temperature. Otherwise,headspace development can occur at ambient temperatures. Headspace development should not be allowed to occur so long that condensation forms in the container. 6. Determine the background ambient level of TOV. Record this value in the field logbook. 7. Vigorously shake jar for 15 seconds after the 10 minute headspace development period. Be sure that all samples ate shaken for the same period of time. 8. Subsequent to headspace development, unscrew lid and remove to expose aluminum foil seal. Quickly puncture aluminum foil seal with instrument sampling probe,and insert probe to a point about one-half of the headspace depth. Exercise care to avoid uptake of water droplets or soil particulates into the instrument. 9. Following probe insertion through the aluminum foil seal,record the highest meter response as the headspace concentration. Using the aluminum foil seal/probe insertion method, maximum response should occur between 2 and 5 seconds. NOTE: A slowly increasing response on a PID may result from moisture levels interfering with instrument measurements. Instrumentation with digital(LED/LCD)displays may not be able to discern maximum headspace response unless equipped with a maximum hold feature or strip-chart recorder. NOTE: Certain instruments have multiple operating ranges. If the sample yields headspace field screening results higher than the upper limit of calibration,recalibration with a higher range may be necessary. 10. The headspace screening data should be recorded in the field logbook or on a field data form (see Attachment A). 11. All headspace screening waste should be disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations. Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 8 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only I STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL The following procedures should be used for collecting headspace field screening measurements: 1. For quality control purposes,certain programs(e.g.,MADEP)may require that two clean containers be filled with the same amount of solid or aqueous sample for all samples. All procedures,including the amount of time allowed for headspace development and the number of seconds the containers are shaken, should be the same for each container.Ensure that both of the containers are in the same environment during headspace development(i.e.,both jars are in the sun,both jars are in a heated car,etc.). 2. Headspace measurements should be performed in duplicate on one sample each day,at a minimum. This requires collection of two separate aliquots of sample. 3. Operate field instruments according to the manufacturer's manuals. 4. The results of duplicate samples should be compared;generally,the relative percent differences(RPDs)of the replicate values should be<20 when readings are greater than 10 ppmV. RPDs may be higher when readings are less than or equal to 10 ppmV. If the RPD of the replicate values is not within these criteria,make sure that the cautions and problems listed in Section 1.6 were not encountered during the headspace measurements. If none of these factors were encountered,perform a calibration check to ensure the instrument is working properly. Document the test results as well as any performance or calibration checks in the field logbook.RPD is calculated using the following equation: RPD— Reading 1—Reading 2 X 100 (Reading 1+Reading 2)/2 1 5. Calibration should be checked at the beginning of each day,midway through the day, and at the end of the day. Calibration should also be checked if there is a substantial change in weather or if inconsistent or non-comparable readings are observed. The calibration check is performed using the compressed gas standard followed by the zero air check. The measured value of the standard must be within± 10%of the true value. The zero air check should not yield_a reading above background. All calibration measurements must be recorded in the field logbook. 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT All procedures and field screening results must be documented in the field logbook or an appropriate field form. Refer to Attachment.A for an example of headspace field screening results documentation. Correction of headspace measurements for background values may be performed;the use of this procedure will be determined on a site-specific basis by the project manager. Any deviations from the headspace field screening procedures specified in this SOP, Field Sampling Plan,or Quality Assurance Project Plan must be approved by the QA Officer and Project Manager and documented in the field logbook In such cases,compelling technical justification must be presented and documented for the methodology employed. Refer to TRC SOP No.021,Field Activity Documentation for field documentation procedures_ Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 9 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 5.0 REFERENCES Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods. EPA/540/P-87/001. December 1987. Expedited Site Assessment Tools For Underground Storage Tank Sites.EPA 510B-97/001. March 1997. Guidance for Preparing Standard Operating Procedures. EPA/240B-01/004. March 2001. Attachment H,Interim Remediation Waste Management Policy for Petroleum Contaminated Soils. MADEP WSC-94-400. April 1994. Commonwealth of Massachusetts Underground Storage Tank Closure Assessment Manual. MADEP WSC-402-96. April 9, 1996. TRC SOP 021. Field Activity Documentation,Revision 0,April 2003. b I Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 10 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only m O N — 8 O i cz E J m m m � c a) m a 0 a (D N N ir' 0 E o o W i z `- O LL Q c C) O w - a a a O o c o � o a CO co co z co E o 0 o a a N U J O Cl) Z 41 CL nj CO Oz w � a Q z = Z z W m y m 04 H o W 111 IX L c �, Q U N � N 2 p � m > Q .W LL. o 4) - J U =a � �. 0. U yZJ N a a R & °., X N = inN W Q o a> W m a N N 2 co a m m m O Lf) � E O c (n CO O 1 O Oto d C C m m m � v V N co O O W m s [ � r ND m z 0 i Q O O Q R A C a =] O R �I Z -0 d U u� 0 R o U oop o°q V1 = a -o -o STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT B PHOTOIONIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS Photeloniz�tloo C� rartezt es'-d- ed o;n o rill G_ompWild ;date s 1 Y [hiN#ferent tamlxs o i s _ 44W 40.:k 0:1.411V i4cetaWeh� _...... _ Acetic add� .. . .... ,• � ': . . .,-._. .. ., . .._ .. ._ �--�- - - , - AcEdfrSene dd la e Acivdeiti _ Q.ti!Q' '. 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T t�kl:�t�emsR;In�Ca�yrlgftf:'f��=59: _St�ei:� �j i f Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 22 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only 1 I r1i A—C, STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE C-di tpourt& ; i =i�ai?t�ir N MY -mono Nawd btps�tl!tsl a: 2 ., -tom, AW A _ �€. . . .......................... - .: &X,44, 7,11,411 p 1�� � > 4 4�; tal�ag4rt p�t�` l�r�s 'ioti��tt�n t'f�ic �atCcf'�`x"?��t�rt� b . ��; H�II! C� :''OoPY�9hf 199T�9$ '�T1' Page� Headspace Field Screening Procedure Page 23 of 23 Procedure No: 016 Revision: 0 Effective: 8/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only T1.0, 4r- STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Title: Procedure Number. Sample Chain of Custody 018 Supersedes: Revision Number. 0 Reason for Revision: Effective Date: May 2003 Authorization Signatures Auth r ate Technical eview Date Iity Assurance Review. Date Elizabeth Denly sia�a Kenneth Cormier S6anna Hall 5' i Sample Chain of Custody Page 9 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................3 1.1 Scope and Applicability............................................................................3 1.2 Summary of Method.................................................................................3 1.3 Equipment................................................................................................3 1.4 Definitions.................................................. .........................................4 2.0 PROCEDURE..................................................................................................4 2.1 Chain-of-Custody Procedures Associated with CLP Programs ..............4 2.1.1 Sample Labels....... .....................................................................4 2.1.2 Sample Tags....................................................................................5 2.1.3 Custody Seals.............................:.....................................................5 2.1.4 Chain-of-Custody............................................................................6 2.1.5 Transfer of Custody........................................................................7 2.2 .Chain-of-Custody Procedures Associated with Non-CLP Programs.......8 2.2.1 Sample Labels................................................................................8 2.2.2 Custody Seals..................................................................................8 2.2.3 Chain-of-Custody............................................................................8 2.2.4 Transfer of Custody........................................ ..............................9 2.3 Sample Packaging and Shipping............................................................9 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL......................................................9 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT ....10 5.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................10 LIST-OF FIGURES Figure 1 Example Sample Label ............_.........................................................11 Figure 2 Example Sample Tag.........................................................................12 Figure 3 Example Custody Seal......................................................................13 Figure 4 Example RAS Traffic Report and DAS Chain-of-Custody Sent to Laboratories for CLP Programs........................................................14 Figure 5 Example Traffic Report Sent to RSCC and CLASS ..........................15 Figure 6 Example Federal Express Airbill .......................................:.................16 Figure 7 Example Chain-of-Custody for Non-CLP Programs..........................17 Sample Chain of Custody Page 2 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 0512003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Applicability Sample custody procedures are an important part of the field investigation program since samples that are incorrectly handled can affect the quality of data. Sample custody begins at the collection of the samples and continues until the samples have been analyzed. Sample custody is addressed in three parts: field sample collection,laboratory analysis,and.final evidence files. This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the sample custody procedure requirements associated with field sample collection for EPA's Contract Laboratory Program(CLP)and non-CLP projects. 1.2 Summary of Method Custody is one of several factors that are necessary for the admissibility of environmental data as evidence in a court of law. Custody procedures help to satisfy the two major requirements for admissibility: relevance and authenticity. An overriding consideration essential for the validation of environmental measurement data is the necessity to demonstrate that samples have been obtained from the locations stated and that they have reached the laboratory without alteration. Evidence of the sample traceability from collection to shipment, laboratory receipt, and laboratory custody(until proper sample disposal and the introduction of field investigation results as evidence in legal proceedings when pertinent)must be documented. A sample or evidence file is considered to be in a person's custody if the item is: • In a person's actual possession Iri view of the person after being in a person's possession Locked so that no one can tamper with it after having been in physical custody In a secured area,restricted to authorized personnel The field team leader(or designee)is responsible for overseeing and supervising the implementation of proper sample custody procedures in the field. The field team leader or designee is also responsible for ensuring sample custody until the samples have been transferred to a courier or directly to the laboratory. Once received by the laboratory,the samples proceed through an orderly processing sequence specifically designed to ensure continuous integrity of both the sample and its documentation. 1.3 Equipment The following equipment may be utilized when implementing sample custody procedures in the field. Project-specific requirements may warrant the use or deletion of items from this list. • Chains-of-custody Organic traffic reports • Inorganic traffic reports Sample labels Sample tags • Custody seals j Sample Chain of Custody Page 3 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformatlon Only i STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE • Computer • Printer 1.4 Definitions Case Number Associated with CLP analyses only. Case numbers are assigned by EPA for RAS analyses and by Metcalf&Eddy for DAS analyses. Case numbers must appear on the COC documentation. CLASS Contract Laboratory Analytical Services Support CLP Contract Laboratory Program COC Chain-of-custody DAS Delivery of Analytical Services RAS Routine Analytical Services RSCC Regional Sample Control Center 2.0 PROCEDURE Sample chain-of-custody and packaging procedures are summarized below. Procedures are listed for CLP and non-CLP programs. These procedures will ensure that the samples will arrive at the laboratory with the chain-of-custody intact. The chain-of-custody procedures are initiated in the field immediately following sample collection.The procedures consist of (1)preparing and attaching a unique sample label to each sample collected, (2)completing the chain-of-custody (COC) form,and (3)preparing and packing the samples for shipment. 2.1 Chain-of-Custody Procedures Associated with CLP Programs Specific documentation procedures for the EPA CLP program can be found in EPA's Regional Sample Control Center Guidance,Revision 2,May 1999,which contains the current guidelines that are applicable to this section. 2.1.1 Sample Labels Field personnel are responsible for uniquely identifying and labeling all samples collected during a field investigation program. All labeling must be completed in indelible/waterproof ink and securely affixed to the sample container. No reference to the site name can be shown on the sample labels. All sample bottles will contain a label which typically contains the following information: • Unique sample identification number • Sample location/description number, if different from above- Type of analysis to be performed Sample Chain of Custody Page 4 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For lnformation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Type of chemical preservation used Grab or composite designation Sampling date and time Sampler's initials An example of a sample label is provided in Figure 1. 2.1.2 Sample Tags Sample tags are only required for RAS analyses. Each bottle submitted for RAS analysis must have a sample tag attached. A sample tag must be completed in indelible/water-proof ink and securely attached to each sample container. The sample tag contains the following information: • Case number(assigned by EPA for each sampling event; will be a five digit number) • Station location(unique sample identification assigned by TRC field team leader(or designee); sample identification scheme may vary from project to project) CLP sample number(unique numbers provided by EPA; each sample is give a unique CLP sample number) • Sampling date and time • Matrix • Designate: composite or grab sample • Preservative: yes or no(also must designate the type of chemical preservative used) • Type of analysis to be performed(list of options to select on the sample tags) • Signature of the sampler An example of an EPA-CLP sample tag is shown in Figure 2. Each sample tag has a unique tag number. The,tag numbers used for each sample must be recorded on the chain-of-custody documentation. The case number allows for tracking of samples and maintains site confidentiality. No reference to the site name can be shown on the sample tag. 2.1.3 Custody Seals Custody seals will be secured across the shipping container to ensure content integrity. The seals contain both the date and the signature of the person affixing them and must be completed in indelibletwaterproof ink. Custody seals are required only when samples are shipped to the laboratory using an overnight courier service. If courier service is provided by the laboratory at the site,custody seals are not required. Details on where the custody seals are affixed can be found in TRC SOP-014,Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples. An example of a custody seal is shown in Figure 3. Sample Chain of Custody Page 5 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only I STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.1.4 Chain-of-Custody For all analyses,traffic reports or chains-of-custody must be completed for each sample set submitted. These forms must be completed for each laboratory receiving samples to ensure proper transfer of custody from the time of sample collection to analysis. These forms are maintained as a record of sample collection,transfer, shipment,and receipt by the laboratory. These forms contain the following pertinent information: • Case number(assigned by EPA for each sampling event: a five digit number for RAS analyses and a four digit number followed by the letter M for DAS analyses) • Turnaround time • Date shipped • Carrier • Air bill number(s), if applicable • Laboratory address and contact person • Sampler name • Sampler signatures • CLP sample numbers • Matrix • Concentration level • Composite or grab sample designation • Preservative used • Required analysis • Sample tag numbers(if submitted for RAS analysis) • Station location identification(see Section 2.1.2) • Date/time sample collected Samplers initials for each sample • Corresponding organic/inorganic sample ID(if sample submitted for both organic and inorganic analyses under the RAS program). Figure 4 provides an example traffic report for RAS analyses and an example chain-of-custody for DAS analyses which would be sent to the laboratories. Figure 5 provides an example traffic report for RAS analyses which would be sent to the RSCC and CLASS. The traffic report sent to the RSCC and CLASS contains additional information including site information and QC sample information. Traffic reports only need to be sent to the RSCC and CLASS for RAS analyses. The generation of traffic reports will be completed in the field using the most recent update of Forms H Lite software,created by EPA. Some of the information may be entered into the software prior to the sampling event to minimize the effort in the field. Sample Chain of Custody Page 6 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 0512003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE i - i If samples are submitted to RAS labs,separate traffic reports must be completed for organic and inorganic analyses. 1 2.1.5 Transfer of Custody Samples will be accompanied by an approved and completed TR/COC or COC form during each step of custody transfer and shipment. When physical possession of samples is transferred., both the individual relinquishing the samples and the individual receiving them will sign,date,and record the time on the COC form. In the case of sample shipment by-an overnight courier, a properly prepared air bill(Figure 6)will serve as an extension of the TR/COC or COC form while the-samples are in transit. Prior to 5:00 PM on Monday through Thursday and prior to 3:00 PM on Fridays on each day of sample shipment,the CLASS contractor will be notified of RAS sample shipments by telephone. The following information should be reported to the CLASS contractor and documented • Name of person calling and phone number • Case number of the project • Exact number(s),matrix(ces),and concentration levels of samples shipped • Laboratories to which samples were shipped • Analyses required • Carrier name and air bill number(s)for the shipment • Date of shipment • Information on case completion,changes,delays, continuations, etc.;pertinent to the Case and sampling project . Appropriate copies of the TR/COC must be sent to the RSCC and CLASS contractor within one week of sampling to document collection of RAS samples to be analyzed through the EPA CLP system. RSCC: CLASS: Ms. Christine Clark Ms.Heather Bauer US EPA New England OEME U.S. EPA CLASS/Dyncorp 11 Technology Drive Information&Engineering Tech,Inc. North Chelmsford,MA 01863 2000 Edmund Halley Drive (617) 918-8615 Reton,VA 20191-3436 (703)264-9323 TRs associated with RAS analyses may also be e-mailed to the CLASS contractor at F2LTRZ dyncorp.com instead of mailed. Sample Chain of Custody Page 7 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only 91 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.2 Chain-of-Custody Procedures Associated with Non-CLP Programs 2.2.1 Sample Labels Field personnel are responsible for uniquely identifying and labeling all samples collected during a field investigation program-All labeling must be completed in indelible/waterproof ink and securely affixed to the sample container. All sample labels will contain a label which typically contains the following information: • Unique sample identification number • Sample location/description number,if different from above • Type of analysis to be performed • Type of chemical preservation used • Grab or composite designation • Sampling date and time • Sampler's initials • Site name An example of a sample label is provided in Figure 1. 2.2.2 Custody Seals Custody seals will be secured across the shipping container to ensure content integrity. The seals contain both the date and the signature of the person affixing them and must be completed in indelible/waterproof ink. Custody seals are required only when samples are shipped to the laboratory using an overnight courier service. If courier service is provided by the laboratory at the site, custody seals are not required. Details on where the custody seals are affixed can be found in TRC SOP-014,Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples. An example of a custody seal is shown in Figure 3. 2.2.3 Chain-of-Custody For all analyses, chains-of-custody must be completed for each sample set submitted. These fortes must.be completed for each laboratory receiving samples to ensure proper transfer of custody from the time of sample collection to analysis. These forms are maintained as a record of sample collection,transfer,shipment,and receipt by the laboratory. These forms contain the following pertinent information: • Turnaround time • Date shipped • Carrier • Air bill numbers(s), if applicable • Laboratory dame • Sample identifications Sample Chain of Custody Page 8 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only 1 f STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Matrix Date/time sample collected Size and type of container Preservative used Required analysis Figure 7 provides an example chain-of-custody used for non-CLP programs. It should be noted that this is an example format only. Other chain-of-custody formats may be used as long as all of the applicable information is included- The generation of chains-of-custody will be completed in the field. 2.2.4 Transfer of Custody Samples will be accompanied by an approved and completed COC during each step of custody transfer and shipment. When physical possession of samples is transferred,both the individual relinquishing the samples and the individual receiving them will sign, date,and record the time on the COC form. In the case of sample shipment by an overnight courier,a properly prepared air bill(Figure 6)will serve as an extension of the COC form while the samples are in transit 2.3 Sample Packaging and Shipping Following sample collection, all samples will be brought to an on-site location for batching and paperwork checks. At this central location,like sample types are matched(i.e.,solids, liquids, etc.)with similar sample types from all sample locations. Labels and logbook information are checked to ensure there is no error in sample identification. The samples are packaged to prevent breakage and/or leakage,and the shipping containers,are labeled in accordance with the Department of Transportation(DOT)regulations for transport. All samples will be shipped directly to the laboratories via an overnight carrier or courier service will be provided by the laboratory. For each sample shipment to a specific laboratory,an overnight air bill must be properly completed. In order to ensure the safe and secure delivery of all collected samples to the laboratories,packaging and shipping procedures have been developed so that resulting shipment will comply with applicable DOT regulations for air or surface transportation. Refer to-TRC SOP-014,Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples, for details on packaging and shipping of samples. 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL The TRC field team leader has the responsibility of maintaining the chain-of-custody documentation. Individual responsibilities may be delegated to other field staff,as appropriate. Quality control procedures will place emphasis on ensuring that appropriate samples were collected and submitted to the laboratory for the correct analyses. The COCs will also be reviewed by the TRC field team leader,or designee, to ensure that all required information is clearly presented. Sample Chain of Custody Page 9 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only �rR C STANDARD.OPERATING PROCEDURE 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT As chains-of-custody and traffic reports are completed,copies will be maintained by the TRC field team leader during the duration of the program and will be archived in the project files following completion of the sampling effort 5.0 REFERENCES- A Compendium.of Superfund Field Operations Methods EPA/540/P-87/001. December 1987. EPA's Regional Sample Control Center Guidance,Revision 2,May 1999. TRC SOP-014,Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples, Revision 0,April 2003. Guidance for Preparing Standard Operating Procedures. EPA/240B-01/004. March 2001. Sample Chain of Custody Page 10 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only 1 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1 ' Figure 1 Example Sample Label 5. '�Y_�q-�?-�.:�}iz�^•�,�-'�'-`�•��7h`:4?,::�.•-� }i;jac-=•.a�3 '.c-��" .i�[Y2 �`�- ,2�= -1,4:"} s sr r:•, LS,n3.'rr ti •:YI y}�L�F__ _ -iL.•��1'��it:���•—•_�5[_� Ee.'L.-.�...i-••_.i���::�kl•':��lr�'! }+ _�_`i_- •-n � �• `Y ii���y.' M1'-3. -c :�_'[r; ,.may-=.-� f?4� - - _ '• T'1.1S���S_z'+- 7[C.•�p_• r.'"�.�-.Sl ? ..,�•+-5�.��=L ti' II tip 42tN ;,y. ��-� �r�,E,. .i �' .• _� 3•�_-�rc••�--�.'.ice+ r>.. ��-gsF +�t -.:-__'�-. �-T:'f:.:�y,3,f'{^�.F�. •, r�.g'-!�2yJa � .�_Nr-_•-�•-��':�v - tiZ:�j• - s s.��., i�_~�'��'�i n}}r`s�E,;r1'��kh�;r2�. .���e��...,v".•3;�' f ei-.sy'� '��[y' •t��e!3=,:}v - - - 2 � ++I{ i�.��"I� ft 1. �i: _— - ~��-�Yq�.�_!L•: �?Y it — __ ..Y - ..-.�:f� �: .�.�..+.�.,�....•��F'.:..7•� ..-,• T`a*.-.;:r t , Sample Chain of Custody Page 11 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Figure 2 Example Sample Tag •� -ti= •i�•�x:=mac. Ir' - 1I f`o-,6 t.j-rd fAr l•'.�:-1' i i:l�f'$T ^i _ •��'" �-tT_i}1��'*.�r'�:��l-�l�.J��-`yi�i:. ._.��'iii�."..'. r ��_ �.� ��=�S'..i:"{t.�-.r_r'��.'r'A. :rtl•',r'�rrin' �S i =:F vie _ Sample Chain of Custody Page 12 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 0512003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only t STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Figure 3 Example Custody Seal r yw;L d ts - '!� N1 g _1jo`a +~ csr�r _fir DATA r"ftii: - Y . 'F6 K•�.-' -r� �---_tea _ ��. _=•••f``-. �- `J-. �; �_-c _ _��---.. fin _ .�•2:?'la �,. �-r � :�. '3� %y:'�:y •�i YAPc'�l•c'Yi. 'A_�,=rS v �r�• - �_ •i Sample Chain of Custody Page 13 of 17 Procedure No: 018 Revision: 0 Effective: 05/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only -kti�-�=ti:.:'==',-._— _ _ ----r��'a'.Wit. -_�,^•`------.� __..t= - _. 1!J ;==,ram:: r' _ - z' . _ =tic }-:d.-i+�} -�`¢ [--tri 741 W �t In C V N s�y�� �•E. ca d U L 2y= _ - :iltif -i3': _' sue.•- F� O a b 0- 0 t� � L Q � Z 4) iQ-A R L. 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O W o oco z a co " - s m �`• m 0 � a U C) 00 -- ....fir. -- _I:, r_L'�� -x>__:!1_i�f,_.� �1�:�:'_ - ,L''r•..' - '��i.��:� - L - �'� L _ar,—. r-ti' ';I 't r:•:_ - .�.�Y"�r,i- =r�' ILry:e,�7:z�7. _ e-_'.�.C•--•-'�--'"� e�rrr 5'.,` z.:::i.'�:F�s.r=..,,� �-� �w .r:',b:-""�"•'C�r��...a .,r� �•--ti:;::f:k:S,��;y'i �=:L'"oi;�.�off'"�,3 .res �'-�:rv:; .�-�e--'•--a-�F C•I � iis��� • • 1 • • • • a • L STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Titre: Procedure Number. Field Activity Documentation 021 Supersedes: Revision Number. 0 i Reason for Revision: Effective Date: April 2003 Authorization Signatures I � Aut or Of Date Technical Review Date al' Assurance Review Date Elizabeth Denly /� Kenneth.Cormier J na Hall i 5 1 i 5 Field Activity Documentation Page 1 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 04/2003 TRC Controlled Document For information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE i I i I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Sco e'and Applicability ............................ 1.2 Equipment...............................................................................................3 2.0 PROCEDURES................................................................................................3 2.1 Field_BOOk Setup ....................................................................................4 2.2 Documentation Requirements for Daily Activity Logbooks..:...........:....:..4 2.3 Documentation Requirements for-Daily Personnel Logs.........................5 2.4 Documentation Requirements for Field Logbooks...................... 2.5 Documentation Requirements for Photograph Logs...............................6 2.6 Documentation Requirements for Equipment.Calibration Lvgs..............7 2.7 Documentation Requirements for Health and Safety Logs.....................7 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL......................................................7 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT ........................................8 5.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................:.......8 i i i Field Activity Documentation Page 2 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 04/2003 TRCControlled Document Forinformadon Only T.nc STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION f.9 Scope and Applicability This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the documentation of field activities. Field.activity documentation is one of the most important activities that occur in a field sampling task. There is abundant information available for documenting the details of a samplingeffort at: the time the sampling effort is taking place. It is critical that sufficient detail be provided as it happens or shortly thereafter,to allow others not present at the sampling effort,to fully comprehend the procedure and conditions at the time of the sampling effort. The objective of documenting field activities is to ensure that information regarding the field j activities are adequately logged and will be acceptable if it is required as evidence in legal proceedings. Because the logbooks and field data forms provide the basis for future reports, they. must contain accurate facts and observations. - 1.2 Equipment The following items may be.utilized for field activity documentation. Project-specific conditions i or requirements may warrant the use or deletion of items from this list. • Field logbooks—bound book with water-resistant pages • Indelible marking pens • Field sampling data forms • Camera • Film f • Batteries • Pocket ruler 2.0 PROCEDURES All entries will be legible and will be made in permanent ink,signed,and dated and no erasures or obliterations will be made. If an incorrect entry is made,the information will be crossed out with a single strike mark which is signed and dated by the person recording the information. The -correction shall be written adjacent to the error. 1 I I Field Activity Documentation Page 3 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 0412003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only i STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.1 Field Book Setup When multiple field personnel are onsite,the Field Team Leader shall decide the distribution of field books necessary to document field activities..It is not necessary for each participant to take field notes. 1: -Each field book assigned to a project will have the following information on the title.page: - Project name; Site location; Project number; Person to whom the logbook is assigned; TRC's name,address and phone number; and = Project start and end date. 2. Each field book will have_a designated number(i.e.,Book#1.,Book#2,.etc.)listed on the outside front cover. 3. Each field book will be abound field survey book or notebook,water-resistant,and have sequentially numbered pages. 4. The following logbooks may or may not be required,dependent on the project needs,at the discretion of the project manager: - Daily Activity Log; - Daily Personnel Log; - Field Log;. - Photograph Log; Equipment Calibration Log; and Health.&Safety Log 2.2 Documentation Requirements for Daily Activity Logbooks. The Daily Activity Logbook will contain a diary of all pertinent project activities. This logbook will typically be completed by the Field Team Leader and is intended to summarize daily . . activities. Details on daily activities should be completed by the samplers in the Field Logbooks.: Entries into the,log will typically include the following: • Date of field activity • Person(s)documenting field activity • All TRC and subcontractor personnel on site • Time of arrival • Weather conditions • Samples collected - • Difficulties encountered • How difficulties were resolved. Field Activity Documentation Page 4 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 0412003 TRC Controlled Document Forinfonnation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.3 Documentation Requirements for Daily Personnel Logs ! The Daily Personnel Log will be maintained in the field trailer/office for the duration of the project to record the identities of all personnel who are onsite. A sign will be posted at the: entrance to the site indicating that all visitors and contractors must sign-in at the field trailer/office. The log will record the following information: Names of field personnel Names of subcontractor personnel • Names of visitors _Affiliation of each person on-site Date/Time of entry and exit 2.4 Documentation Requirements for Field Logbooks Field logbooks will provide the means of recording the chronology of data collection activities i performed during the investigation. As such,entries will be described in as much detail as possible_so that a particular situation could be reconstructed without reliance on memory.- Entries into the logbook will contain a variety of information. The language used in recording all field data will be.objective, factual,and free of personal interpretation or other terminology that may prove inappropriate. At the beginning of each entry,the date, start time,weather,and names of all sampling team members present will be entered. Each page of the logbook will be signed and dated by the person making the entry. Field activities will be fully documented. Information included in the logbook will include,but may not be limited to, Chronology of activities,,including entry and exit times; Names of all people involved in sampling activities and organizational affiliations; • Level of personal protection used; • Any changes made to planned protocol; Names of visitors to the site during sampling and reason for their visit; • Sample location and identification; Weather conditions, including temperature and relative humidity; Dates(month/day/year)and times(military)of sample collection; Measurement equipment identification(model/manufacturer) and calibration information; Field screening results; J 0 Site observations; Sample collection methods and equipment; j0 Sample collection date and time; Sample depths; Whether grab or composite sample collected; How sample composited, if applicable; Sample description(color,odor, texture, etc.); • Sample identification code; • Tests or analyses to be performed; Sample preservation and storage conditions; ' Equipment decontamination procedures; QC sample collection; Field Activity Documentation Page 5 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 04/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE • Unusual observations; • Record of photographs; • Sketches or diagrams; and • Signature of person recording the information. Upon receipt of the field logbook for a particular activity,the designated person recording the notes will begin recording notes on a new page. The person recording the notes will sign the top of the new page and indicate the date,time,and weather conditions,prior to recording information about the field activity. The field logbook will indicate whether any Field Data Forms are used,and the serial number of all forms will be recorded for reference.-When the designated person recording the notes either relinquishes the field logbook to another team member or,tu ms the book in at the end of the day,the person relinquishing the field logbook will affix a signature and date to the bottom of the last page used. If the page is not complete,a diagonal line will be struck across the blank portion of the page. Field data forms shall be used to document sampling information for activities that have an associated form.:These forms were designed to minimize the potential for critical data loss from the field. A stockpile of sequentially numbered blank forms will be kept in the field trailer/office. The field logbook shall reference the form(including serial number)used during that event. TRC field data forms include: • Field data record—Ground water • Field data record—Well development • Sample log sheet • Slug test data sheet Monitoring well construction summary • Photograph log • Rock core log 2.5 Documentation Requirements for Photograph Logs Field personnel may be instructed to photo-document field activities where possible. Examples of items.that may require photographic documentation include: General site.topography • Sampling locations • Existing monitoring locations • Physical appearance of environmental samples • Physical appearance of groundwater and soil/sediment • Evidence of possible contamination A field logbook entry or Photograph Log will be used to record the date and time of all photographs taken at the site. It should be noted that this information may be recorded in the field logbook in lieu of a photograph log. Field Activity Documentation Page 6 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 04/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only i i Jim STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1 2.6 Documentation Requirements for Equipment Calibration Logs A daily log may be maintained to record which instruments were calibrated each day(identified by manufacturer,model number and serial number),the individual who performed the calibration,adjustments made to the instruments during calibration,and any notes regarding the maintenance of the instrument: It should be noted that this information may be recorded in the field logbook in lieu of an equipment calibration:log. 2.7 Documentation Requirements for Health and Safety Logs A Health and Safety Log may be maintained to record any Health and Safety issues that arise .during field activities. Any injuries,illnesses,use of first aid supplies,use of personal protective equipment(for levels A,B or C only,if needed),or possible work-related symptoms will be recorded in the log together with the date,the name(s)of the affected individual(s),and a. description.of the incident. The Health and Safety Log should include a record of-all air monitoring results,any action level exceedances,and actions taken as the result of:any action level exceedances. It should be noted that this information may be recorded in the field logbook in lieu of a health and safety log. 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL The TRC Field Team Leader has the responsibility to maintain the various logs, forms,and notebooks that document daily field activities. Individual responsibilities may be delegated to. other field staff,as appropriate. Quality control procedures will place emphasis on the completeness and accuracy of all information recorded in the field and will ensure that field notes contain statements that are legible,accurate, and inclusive documentation of project activities. Logbooks will be reviewed on a daily basis by the TRC Field Team Leader and will ensure that: • Logbooks and standardized forms have been filled out completely and that the information recorded accurately reflects the activities that were performed. . Records are legible and in accordance with good record-keeping procedures,i.e.,entries are signed and dated,data are not obliterated,changes are initialed, dated,and explained. • Sample collection,handling,preservation,and storage procedures were conducted in accordance with the protocols described in the project plans, and that any deviations were documented and approved by the appropriate personnel. • Instruments were calibrated and operated in accordance with the procedures specified in the project plans. Field Activity Documentation Page 7 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 04/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT The TRC Field Team Leader will maintain an inventory of all logbooks used during the program and will be responsible for ensuring that they are archived in the project files following the completion of the investigation. Completed standardized forms will be maintained by the TRC Field Team Leader during the duration of the program and will be archived in the project files following completion of the sampling effort. - 5.0 REFERENCES Guidance for Preparing Standard Operating Procedures. EPA/2408-01/004. March 2001 Field Activity Documentation Page.8 of 8 Procedure No: 021 Revision: 0 Effective: 04/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Title: Procedure Number. Soil Sampling 022 Supersedes: Revision Number. 0 Reason for Revision: Effective Date: September 2003 Authorization Signatures Aw / 0 Author Date Technical Review ate Ality Assurance Date Elizabeth Denly / Kenneth Cormier 9 /63 Manna Hall I Soil Sampling Page 1 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Informatlon Only i i STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................3 1.1 Scope and Applicability ..............................................3 1.2 Summary of Method................... _.....3 1.3 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................3 1.4 Definitions................................................................................................4 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings.......................................................................5 1.6 .Cautions and Potential Problems............................................................5 1.7 Personnel Qualifications 2.0 PROCEDURES...............................................................................................7. 2.1 Sampling Procedure...........................................................................----7. 2.2 Collection of Samples for VOCs Using Field Preservation................ 8 2.3 Collection of Samples for VPH Using Field Preservation......................10 2.4 Collection of Samples for VOCs and VPH Using En Core® Samplers, or Equivalent.............................................................................................11 2.5 Collection of Samples for Non-VOC Parameters..................................11 2.6 Post Sample Collection Procedures .....................................................11 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL....................................................12 3.1 Duplicate Soil Sample Collection..........................................................12 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT ......................................12 5.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................13 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment A Sample Log Sheet........................................................................14 Attachment B Shipping Methanol-Preserved Samples........................................15 i i Soil Sampling Page 2 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 0912003 TRC Controlled Document For Infortnadon Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Applicability This Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)was prepared to direct TRC personnel in the logistics, collection techniques,and documentation requirements for collecting soil samples. 1.2 Summary of Method The objective of soil sampling is to obtain a representative sample of soil for laboratory analysis of contaminants of concern at a given site. This objective requires that the sample be of sufficient quantity and quality for analysis by the selected analytical method. 1.3 Equipment and Supplies The following equipment may be utilized when collecting soil samples. Project-specific conditions or requirements may warrant the use or deletion of items from this list. Appropriate level of personal protection. • Sample containers(may be supplied by the laboratory,depending upon the program) o Sample containers(for parameters other than VOC and VPH)—4 or 8-ounce glass jars with Teflon-lined caps. o Sample containers(for VOCs): Low-Level: two (2)40 mL VOA vials pre-preserved with 5 mL reagent water and ¢ also containing a magnetic stir bar. - _High-Level: one(1) 40 mL VOA vial pre-preserved with 5 or 10 mL of purge-and- trap grade methanol. Volume will be dependent upon laboratory's preference or regulatory agency requirements(e.g.,New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection prefers vials with 10 or 25 mL of purge-and-trap grade methanol). One 4-ounce glass container(or appropriate size container)with no preservative to allow the laboratory to perform the percent solids measurement. NOTE: the laboratory typically requires a minimum of 20 grams to perform this test. Therefore, submitting a sample size less than 4 ounces may be acceptable. i NOTE: The laboratory providing pre-preserved sample containers, should be instructed to mark the meniscus of all bottles at the top of the preservative line,as discussed in Section 1.6. i o Sample containers(for VPH). - One 60 mL vial pre-preserved with 25 mL of purge-and-trap grade methanol or - One 40 mL VOA vial pre-preserved with 15 mL of purge-and-trap grade methanol and - One 4-ounce glass container(or appropriate size container)with no preservative to allow the laboratory to perform the percent solids measurement. NOTE: the Soil Sampling Page 3 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 0912003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE laboratory typically requires a minimum of 20 grams to perform this test. Therefore, submitting a sample size less than 4 ounces may be acceptable. o En.Core0 samplers or equivalent,for VOC and/or VPH analysis: High-level VOC analysis: one 5 gram En Core®sampler; Low-level VOC analysis:two 5-gram En Core samplers. - VPH analysis:one 25-gram En Core sampler. • Stainless steel spoon or spatula. • Wooden stakes and spray paint(highly visible). • Field logbook and/or TRC Sample Log Form. • Sample bottle labels. • Chain-of-custody forms(TRC or EPA,as necessary). • Stainless steel trowel/shovel. • Stainless steel mixing bowl. • Disposable plastic syringes. • Portable digital scale(accurate to+/-0.01 grams)with calibration weights. • Terra Core'"samplers. • Indelible marking pens. • Gel packs(stored in ZiplocTM bags). • Freezer. • Thermometer capable of measuring down to-20°C. • Foam VOA vial holders. • Dry ice. • Oven mitt • Organic absorbent(e.g.,Slickwick,ground com cob,sawdust). • Sample coolers. • Bubble wrap bags. i • Dry ice cooler. 1.4 Definitions En Core®samplers A disposable volumetric sampling device with an airtight sealing cap. i Gel packs Special refrigerant packs that can keep samples frozen up to 80 _ hours. High-level VOC analysis VOC soil analysis which yields high reporting limits (approximately 50-200 ug/kg,depending on the laboratory). Soil Sampling Page 4 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Samples are preserved in methanol and cooled.to 4°C. High- level VOC analyses are used for samples which contain elevated concentrations of VOCs(>200 ug/kg). Low-level VOC analysis VOC soil analysis which yields low reporting limits (approximately 5 ug/kg,depending on the laboratory). Samples are typically preserved in water,cooled to 4°C,and frozen within 48 hours of collection SOP Standard Operating Procedure VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds VPH Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings TRC employees will be on site when implementing this SOP. Therefore,TRC personnel shall follow the site-specific Health&Safety Plan.TRC personnel will use the appropriate level of PPE, which includes(at a minimum)the following: 1)hardhat; 2)safety boots (steel toe/steel shank); 3)safety glasses; and 4) chemical-resistant gloves. Dry ice may be used when packaging samples. Prolonged contact with dry ice will freeze skin cells and cause injury similar to a burn. Always handle dry ice with care and wear protective cloth or leather gloves whenever touching dry ice. An oven mitt or towel will suffice. Implementing this SOP may require the handling of various chemicals by TRC staff that could be hazardous such as samples preserved with caustics and/or acid. Samples of chemicals may also E be handled. These substances should be considered hazardous materials and TRC will i appropriately handle and store them at all times. Hazardous substances may be incompatible or may react to produce heat,chemical reaction, or toxic products. Hazardous substances may be incompatible with clothing or equipment; some can permeate or degrade protective clothing. Also, hazardous substances may pose a direct health hazard to workers through inhalation or skin contact or if they combust. 1.6 Cautions and Potential Problems • Potential leaking sample containers for VOC and VPH analyses: . i When ordering pre-preserved sample containers, laboratories should be encouraged to mark the meniscus of the preservative on all sample containers. The preservative level should be checked before sampling as a quick check that there has not been any loss of liquid. I It is also good practice to weigh methanol-preserved sample containers prior to sampling_ Sample containers found to have lost greater than 0.2 grams of methanol compared to their initial weight should not be used. In order to perform this procedure, initial bottle weights must be provided by the laboratory. Soil Sampling Page 5 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only �Rc STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE • Potential methanol absor,�tion: Samples may be encountered which absorb all of the methanol preservative(e.g.,organic-rich soil,fine grain soil). These soils can absorb the methanol leaving no methanol extract for the laboratory to analyze. In these instances,.the use of additional methanol is required. The laboratory must be contacted for sample containers with an increased volume of methanol. It may be wise to use a 1:2 ratio of soil to methanol to ensure there will be adequate volume of methanol remaining for analysis. NOTE: Additional methanol should not be added to the sample container by the sampler in the field. Vials with additional methanol must be obtained from the laboratory. • Collection of samples with high moisture content: Soil samples with high(>50%)moisture content(e.g., sediments, soil samples below the water table)may prevent the attainment of the ideal 1:1 soil to preservative ratio. In these instances, depending on the data quality objectives,it may be necessary to calibrate the soil to determine what level in the disposable syringe corresponds to the required weight(typically 5 grams for VOCs and-15 or 25 grams for VPH). This can be performed by collecting several trial samples with disposable syringes. Weigh each trial sample and note the length of the soil in the syringe. These measurements would be used to determine how much soil in the syringe corresponds to 5+0.5 grams(or the desired weight+0.5). All trial samples should be discarded and not used for analysis. • En Core sampler cautions: En Core®samplers,or equivalent, should only be used on fine grain or cohesive soils (soils that stay together in the En Core sampler and do not fall apart). En Core samplers should not be used to collect soil samples that consist of dry sand,gravel,or a mixtures of gravel and fines or samples with high moisture(e.g.,sediments and soil samples below the water table). - If used for collection only(and not storage),the En Core sampler must not be reused. - The volume of material collected in an En.Core®sampler should not cause excessive stress on the coring tool when introduced in the soil. - The volume of material collected should not be so large that the sample easily falls apart during extrusion. - It is important to make sure air is not trapped behind the sample as this could cause air to pass through the sample resulting in a loss of VOCs,or it could cause the sample to be pushed prematurely from the coring tool. • Use of freezing_ as a Ireservative_ j - It should be noted that the sample containers or En Core®samplers(or equivalent) cannot be frozen below-20°C due to potential problems with the vial and coring tool seals and loss of constituents upon thawing. Soil Sampling Page 6 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE When freezing is performed in the field,freezers must be equipped with a thermometer. The thermometer must be calibrated using a NIST-certified f thermometer prior to the onset of the project. The temperature of the freezer must be monitored and recorded at the beginning and end of each day that the freezer is being used. I Potential use of sodium bisulfate as a preservative for low-level VOC anal sis of soils. Although not discussed in this SOP and not preferred,some projects may use sodium bisulfate in the preservation of low-level VOC samples. If this is used, the following cautions exist: - Carbonaceous or strongly alkaline soils may cause potential effervescence when reacting with the sodium bisulfate and may result in a loss of VOCs and a shattered vial. If effervescence occurs, sodium bisulfate should not be used. The laboratory must be contacted and low-level preservation techniques,as outlined in this SOP, ! should be followed. Loamy materials or materials containing decayed material may result in false positive results for acetone due to the interaction with the sodium bisulfate. Some VOCs may be lost due to the resulting acidification when sodium bisulfate is used(e.g., styrene,.2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, acrylonitrile). - Some VOCs may be lost if the laboratory is using a heated purge in combination with the sodium bisulfate preservative(e.g.,WBE and other fuel oxygenates). NOTE: The use of sodium bisulfate is not preferred. 1.7 Personnel Qualifications Since this TRC SOP will be implemented at sites or in work areas that entail potential exposure to toxic chemicals or hazardous environments, all TRC personnel must be adequately trained. All personnel utilizing this SOP must have completed the following: 1. 40-hour OSHA training 2. 8-hour annual refresher training In addition to the 40-hour initial OSHA training(and annual 8-hour refresher training),all TRC field staff will complete 24 hours of supervised field experience that contribute toward the 24- hour field supervised requirement in compliance with OSHA regulation: 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(4). 2.0 PROCEDURES Refer to site-specific sampling plan and Quality Assurance Project Plan(QAPP), if applicable for site-specific sampling procedures. 2.1 Sampling Procedure The depth of surface soil samples will be determined on a site-specific basis. The subsurface sampling interval within a macro core or split spoon sampling device will also be determined on a site=specific basis. The following procedure should be-used for soil sampling. Soil Sampling Page 7 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only UIc STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1. Refer to TRC SOP 005,Soil Description, Visual Manual Procedure of the Unified Classification System,for proper logging procedures of soil samples. 2. Care should be taken to avoid sampling anything but soil.. Stones,gravel,or vegetation should be removed from the sample to be analyzed since these materials will not be analyzed. 3. For surface soil samples,all surface debris should first be removed prior to sampling such as wood,paper,sod,gravel,trash,etc. 4. Asphalt,concrete, ash,slag,and coal debris should be removed from the sample unless these matrices are part of the sampling program. The soil sample must be representative of what the end user is trying to characterize. Comingling of soil with ash, slag,or coal debris could result in non-representative data. 5. Samples for VOC or VPH analysis are collected first. These samples are collected using an . open barrel disposable syringe or an En Core sampler,or equivalent. 6. A pre-cleaned stainless steel spoon or spatula are preferable for the collection of soil samples from the sampling equipment and for filling the sample containers for the majority of analyses with the exception of VOC or VPH analysis. 2.2 Collection of Samples for VOCs Using Field Preservation - Samples will be collected as soon as possible after the soil has been exposed to the atmosphere. - VOC samples should never be homogenized or composited. - Each pre-preserved container will be weighed prior to sample collection,and the container/preservative weight will be recorded. A digital scale capable of+/-0.01 gram(s) accuracy will be used to weigh the sample containers. This procedure can also be performed by the laboratory prior to shipping the containers to the field- - Depending upon project requirements, samples will be collected as low-level,high-level, or both. - If a sample for VOCs is desired,it will be collected first using an open barrel,disposable syringe or an En Core®sampler,or equivalent. Low-Level 1. The syringe will be filled with undisturbed soil of the following volume: 5 grams of soil As an option to the syringes,5 grain En Core®samplers,or equivalent,can be used. The goal is to have a 1:1 ratio of soil to preservative. 2. The soil will be extruded into a pre-preserved VOA vial containing a magnetic stir bar and 5.mL reagent water. This will be done in replicate. 3. Any sand grains present on the container rim or cap must be removed to ensure an adequate-seal of the vial. The VOA vial will be capped quickly and labeled with sample ID(s), date,and time of collection. Soil Sampling Page 8 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only i STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 4. The container/preservative/sample will then be weighed and the,post-collection weight will also be recorded. The sample weight objectives(5 grams for low-level analysis)will be achieved(+/-0.5 grams)with the use of the digital scale. 5. Gently swirl sample to break up the soil aggregate,if necessary,until the soil is covered with preservative. It is imperative that the soil sample be completely immersed in the preservative solution. 6. Record weights to the nearest 0.01 grams. 7. In the event that a field screening technique(instrument reading or visual staining of the soil)indicates the possible presence of VOCs or hydrocarbons,note the observations or instrument readings in the field logs. If the field screening technique does not indicate 4 the presence of VOCs,this should also be noted. 8. If samples are collected for only VOCs, a separate unpreserved aliquot must be collected in order for the laboratory to perform a dry weight determination. High-Level 1. The syringe will be filled with undisturbed soil of the following volume: 5 or 10 grams of soil for high-level analysis(added to the 5 or 10 ml of methanol,respectively). This may also depend upon the regulatory agency(e.g.,New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection requires 8-12 grams in 25 mL methanol or 5 grams in 10 mL methanol)- As an option to the syringes, 5 gram En Core®samplers, or equivalent, can be used. The goal is to have a 1:1 ratio of soil to preservative. 2. The sample will be extruded into a VOA vial containing purge-and-trap grade methanol (5 or 10 ml,depending on the laboratory's preference and the absence/presence of organic-rich soils). 3. Any sand grains present on the container rim or cap must be removed to ensure an adequate seal of the vial. The VOA vial will be capped quickly and labeled with sample ID(s)date,and time of collection. 4. The container/preservative/sample will then be weighed and the post-collection weight will also be recorded. The sample weight objectives(5 or 10 grams for high-level analysis)will be achieved(+/-0.5 grams)with the use of the digital scale. 5. Gently swirl sample to break up the soil aggregate, if necessary,until the soil is covered with preservative. It is imperative that the soil sample be completely immersed in the preservative solution. -6. Record weights to the nearest 0.01 grams. 7. In the event that a field screening technique(instrument reading or visual staining of the soil)indicates the possible presence of VOCs or hydrocarbons,note the observations or j instrument readings in the field logs. If the field screening technique does not indicate the presence of VOCs,this should also be noted. 8. Methanol is considered to be a hazardous material by the US Department of 1 Transportation(DOT)and the International Air Transportation Association(IATA). Shipmenls containing methanol between the field and the laboratory must conform to the rules established in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations(49 CFR parts 171 to 179),and the most current edition of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. The volumes of methanol recommended in the VOC method fall under the small quantity Soil Sampling Page 9 of 15 'Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformafion Only I STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE exemption of 49 CFR section 173.4. Refer to Attachment B and TRC SOP 014, Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples for further details. 9. If samples are collected for only VOCs,a separate unpreserved aliquot must be collected in order for the laboratory to perform a dry weight determination. 2.3 Collection of Samples for VPH Using Field Preservation - Samples will be collected as soon as possible after the soil has been exposed to the atmosphere. - VPH samples should never be homogenized or composited. - Each pre-preserved container will be weighed prior to sample collection,and the container/preservative weight will be recorded. A digital scale capable of+/-0.1 grams accuracy will be used to weigh the sample containers. This procedure can also be performed by the laboratory prior to shipping the containers to the field. - If a sample for VPH is desired,it will be collected first using an open barrel, disposable syringe or an En Core®sampler, or equivalent. 1. The syringe will be filled with 25 grams of undisturbed soil if 60 ml vials with 25 ml of methanol are used,or 15 grams of undisturbed soil if 40 ml vials with 15 ml of methanol are used. The goal is to have a 1:1 ratio of soil to methanol. 2. The soil will.be extruded into the pre-preserved sample container containing the 15 or 25 mL of purge-and-trap grade methanol,depending on the laboratory's preference and the absence/presence of organic-rich soils. 3. Any sand grains present on the container rim of cap must be removed to ensure an adequate seal of the container. The container will be capped quickly and labeled with sample ID(s), date,and time of collection. 4. The container/preservative/sample will then be weighed and the post-collection weight will also be recorded on the chain of custody. The sample weight objective(15 or 25 grams)will be achieved(+/=25%)with the use of the digital scale. 5. Gently swirl sample to break up the soil aggregate, if necessary,until soil is covered with methanol. It is imperative the soil sample be completely immersed in the preservative solution. 6. In the event that a field screening technique(instrument reading or visual staining of the soil)indicates the possible presence of VOCs or hydrocarbons,note the observations or instrument readings in the field logs. If the field screening technique does not indicate the presence of VOCs,this should also be noted. 7. Methanol is considered to be a hazardous material by the US DOT and the IATA. Shipments containing methanol between the field and the laboratory must conform to the rules established in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations(49 CFR parts 171 to 179),and the most current edition of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. The volumes of methanol recommended in the VPH method fall under the small quantity exemption of 49 CFR section 173.4. Refer to Attachment B and TRC SOP 014, Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples for further details. 8. If samples are collected for only VPH,a separate unpreserved aliquot must be collected in order for the laboratory to perform a dry weight determination. Soil Sampling Page 10 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TncSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.4 Collection of Samples for VOCs and VPH Using En Core®Samplers,or Equivalent The sample will be collected using an En Core®sampler, or equivalent,as soon as possible after the soil has been exposed to the atmosphere. 1. Check that the En Core®sampler,or equivalent,is full using both of the following procedures: a. Be sure that the back o-ring on the plunger can be seen when looking through the viewing hole on the handle. This will mean that the soil has pushed the plunger fully to the back. b. The plunger can only be rotated when it is fully pushed to the back of the body. Therefore,it is important to twist the plunger to guarantee that the soil has filled the sampler and the back o-rings have sealed. 2. Immediately seal the En Core sampler,or equivalent. Be sure to twist the cap as it is pushed on. The cap.is properly sealed when the two locking arms are completely and symmetrically over the body ridge. 3. The samples must be shipped to a laboratory within 24 hours of sampling to ensure the 48-hour hold time for preservation will be met. 4. In the event that a field screening technique(instrument reading or visual staining of the soil)indicates the possible presence of VOCs or hydrocarbons,note the observations or 1 instrument readings in the field logs. If the field screening technique does not indicate the presence of VOCs,this should also be noted. 5. If samples are collected for only VOCs and VPH, a separate aliquot must be collected in an unpreserved container in order for the laboratory to perform a dry weight determination. 2.5 Collection of Samples for Non-VOC Parameters Collect additional material for the remaining parameters by collecting the sample with the stainless steel spoon and transferring the soil into a stainless steel bowl. Homogenize the sample by mixing the sample within the bowl using the stainless steel spoon prior to filling the remaining sample containers. The following order of collection must be followed for non-VOC parameters: SVOCs,EPH,pesticides,PCBs, inorganics; geotechnical parameters, and biological parameters. 2.6 Post Sample Collection Procedures 1. After the samples have been collected,the sampling location may be marked with wooden stakes colored with highly visible spray paint in order to identify the sample location for surveying purposes. 2. Wrap the sample containers in a resealable plastic bag,place them into a shipping container, and cool to 4°C. V I 3. Complete thd-chain-of-custody form. I 4. Pad the samples with bubble wrap and/or organic absorbent,as necessary. Refer to TRC SOP-014,Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples for packaging details. Soil Sampling Page I 1 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Project requirements may dictate the need for freezing low-level VOC samples in the field instead of cooling to 4°C. If freezing is required,gel packs will be used to keep the samples frozen to-7°C. (Dry ice may also be used but is not as preferred as gel packs). - The use of a freezer onsite will be required. It should be noted that the vials or En Core samplers(or equivalent)cannot be frozen below -20°C due to potential problems with the vial and coring tool seals and loss of constituents upon thawing. - If freezing is required, samples will be shipped in specially designed coolers. - Bottles will be placed horizontally in foam holders to allow the water to expand and to prevent potential breakage. - The cap of the vial will be inside the foam to prevent the cap from contacting the gel packs. - Samples inside the foam holder will be layered between gel packs in the cooler. - There will be approximately 10 gel packs per cooler. - Gel packs must be frozen and put in Ziploc bags before going into the cooler because of possible leakage as they thaw. 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL 3.1 Duplicate Soil Sample Collection The following procedures should be used for collecting duplicate soil samples: 1. For quality control purposes,each duplicate sample will be submitted to the laboratory as a "blind"duplicate sample,in that a non-existing sample identifcation will be assigned in the labeling of the duplicate. All labeling procedures used for soil sampling will be employed. Since the duplicate is collected simultaneously to the actual sample,a"blind"sample time, within one hour of the actual time,will also be assigned. The actual source and collection time of the duplicate sample will be recorded in the field logbook. 2. Each duplicate sample will be collected simultaneously with the actual sample. At the coincident step in the sampling procedures that the VOC and/or VPH containers are filled and sealed,the duplicate sample VOC and/or VPH containers will also be filled and sealed. Following the order of collection specified for each set of containers(VOCs,VPH,SVOCs, and inorganic compounds),the duplicate sample containers will be filled simultaneously with each parameter. 3. All collection and preservation procedures outlined for soil sampling will be followed for each duplicate sample. 4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT Record the sample location,ID and time in the field logbook. Complete the TRC Sample Log Sheet(Attachment A)with the following: - Sample identification number Sample location(sketch of the sample point) Time and date sample was taken Soil Sampling Page 12 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 0912003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Personnel performing the task Visual or sensory description of the sample Brief soil descriptions(color,texture,appearance) Weather conditions during sampling Other pertinent observations Weights of preserved VOC and/or VPH containers before and after sample collection. - Sample collection equipment used Decontamination procedure Analytical parameters Aix a label to each sample container. Refer to TRC SOP 018,Sample Chain of Custody, for the proper labeling procedures All sample numbers and descriptions must be documented in the chain-of-custody that accompanies the samples during shipment and may also be recorded on sample log sheets. Any deviations from the record management procedures specified in the Field Sampling Plan or Quality Assurance Project Plan must be approved by the QA Officer and Project Manager and documented in the Field Logbook. 5.0 REFERENCES Guidance for Preparing Standard Operating Procedures. EPA/240B-01/004. March 2001. Method for the Determination of Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons(VPH),MADEP,January 1998. TRC SOP-005,Soil Description, Visual-Manual Procedure of the Unified Classification System, Revision 3,August 2000. TRC SOP-014,Packaging and Shipping of Environmental Samples,Revision 0,April 2003. TRC SOP-018,Sample Chain of Custody. Revision 0,May 2003. SW-846 Method 5035A, Closed System Purge-and-Trap and Extraction for Volatile Organics in Soil and Waste Samples,USEPA,Draft Revision 1,July 2002. Soil Sampling Page 13 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Project: Proje"o.: DatBFfinte: —of— Sample Sheet le Contractor Personnel: TRC Personnel: Sample No.: tketch of Sample-Location, Depthltnterval Sampled-. Sample Type: Grab;Composite or Both (circle) Media: Surface Soil Sediment (clrQle) Subsurface Soil Surface Water Other Ground Water Field Screening Information: Observations= Type of Meter: Other Field Measurements: SAMPLE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT- DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURE: DECON,FLUID USED DESCRIPTION: Tap water Hand Auger j Trowel Aiconox Core Sampler Shelby Tube Tap+eater Spatulalapoon Dredge Sampler HNO$fl orlft.) Bowl(Stainless) Kemmerer Tap Water Split-spoon(2"or 3") Extended Arm Methanol Hexane Encore® Bailer Acetone Other Backhoe Air Dry Van Dorn Bottle DI Water Air Dry None ANALYTICAL.PARAMETERS Filtered Preservation i V©lume Time of CLP :QLP (circle) Method Required Collection Sirmple CA"# ❑ TCL vplatiles YES NO BNA Extractabtes YES NO PCBs/Pesticides YES NO ❑ MAL Metals YES NO ❑ Cyanide YES NO ❑ YES NO Satz Signed: Rev: 25 January 2im2 _ -- Soil Sampling Page 15 of 16 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document ForInformation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT B SHIPPING METHANOL-PRESERVED SAMPLES Slipping of Hazardous Materials Methanol is considered a hazardous material-by the US Department of Transportation(DOT)and the International Air Transport Association(IATA). Shipments of methanol between the field and the laboratory must conform to the rules established in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations(49 CFR parts 171 to 179),and the most current edition of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. Consult these documents or your shipping company for 'complete details. Small Quantity Exemption The volumes of methanol recommended in the VPH method fall under the small quantity exemption of 49 CFR section 173.4. To qualify for this exemption,all of the following must be met: 0 the maximum volume of methanol in each sample container must not exceed 30 mL 0 the sample container must not be full of methanol 0 the sample container must be securely packed and cushioned in an upright position, and be surrounded by a sorbent material capable of absorbing spills from leaks or breakage of sample containers 0 the package weight must not exceed 64 pounds 0 the volume of methanol per shipping container must not exceed 500 mL 0 the packaging and shipping container must be strong enough to hold up to the intended use 0 the package must not be opened or altered while in transit 0 the shipper must mark the shipping container as follows: "This package conforms to 49 CFR 173.4" When shipping domestically by Federal Express via ground or air,the following rules apply: 0 follow the inner packaging requirements of 49 CFR 173.4 0 no labels,placards,up arrows,or dangerous goods shipping papers are required. 0 if the Federal Express airbill has a shippers declaration for hazardous goods on it, check the Yes box under Shipper's Declaration not Required When shipping internationally by Federal Express,the following rules apply.- 0 follow the inner packaging requirements of 49 CFR 173.4. 0 use dangerous goods shipping papers. 0 apply orientation arrows on opposite vertical sides on the exterior of the package. Shipping Papers for International Shipments International shipments must be accompanied by dangerous goods shipping papers that include the following: Proper Shipping Name: Methyl Alcohol Hazardous Class: Flammable Liquid Identification Number: UN1230 Total Quantity: (mL methanol/containerx the number of containers) Emergency Response Info: Methanol MSDS attached Emergency Response Phone: 1-800424-9300 Shipping Exemption: Dangerous Goods in Excepted Quantities Soil Sampling Page 15 of 15 Procedure No: 022 Revision: 0 Effective: 09/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TDC, STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Title: Procedure Number: Calibration of Field Instruments for.Water Quality Parameters 024 Supersedes: Revision Number. 0 Reason for Revision: Effective Date: December 2003 Authorization Signatures A#,A el�Z" Author ! to /6 ethnical Review ate Quality Assurance Review Date Sandy Weymouth 1 ZI � Adam Balogh �V jp Elizabeth Denly /�/��� i Calibration of Field Instruments'for Water Quality Parameters Page 9 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision_ 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformation Only Ti K� STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 3 1.1 Scope &Applicability.............................................. ..... 3 1.2 Summary of Method............................................................................. 3 1.3 Equipment........................................................................ 1.4 Definitions............................................................................................ 4 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings.................................................................... 5 1.6 Cautions & Potential Problems............................................................. 5 1.7 Personnel Qualifications....................................................................... 5 2.0 PROCEDURES.............................................................................................. 6 2.1 Temperature............... ..... 6 2.2 Dissolved Oxygen..................................................................... ..... 7 2.3 pH(electrometric)................................................................................. 8 2.4 Specific Conductance.......................:.............................................. 2.5 Oxidation-Reduction Potential(ORP)............................................. 10 2.6 Turbidity......................................................................................... ... 10 3.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT...................................... 11 . 4.0 REFERENCES..................:.......................................................................... 11 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment A Dissolved Oxygen Calibration Values for Various Atmospheric Pressures and Altitudes ............................................................ 13 Attachment-B Oxygen Solubility at Indicated Pressure.................................... 14 .Attachment C Zobell Temperature Correction Chart........................................ 16 Attachment D TRC Field Instrument Calibration Log....................................... 17 Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 2 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision. 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope &Applicability The purpose of this standard operating procedure(SOP) is to provide a fi-amework for calibrating field instruments used to measure water quality parameters.for ground water and surface water. Water quality instruments addressed in this SOP include those that measure temperature,pH, . dissolved oxygen(DO),conductivity/specific conductance,oxidation-reduction potential(ORP), and turbidity. This SOP is written for instruments that utilize multiple probes_for temperature,pH,DO, conductivity/specific conductance,ORP,and turbidity. This SOP refers to instrumentation and outlines calibration procedures consistent with those discussed in USEPA Region I Standard Operating Procedure,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments,dated June 3, 1998. For ground water monitoring during well development and/or purging prior to sample collection, the multiple probe instrument must be equipped with a flow-through cell,and the display/logger or computer display screen should be large enough to simultaneously display the readouts of each probe in the instrument. Turbidity is measured using a separate instrument because turbidity cannot be measured accurately in a flow-through cell. 1.2 Summary of Method All monitoring instruments must be calibrated before they are used to measure environmental samples. Most instruments will require at least two standards to bracket the expected measurement range, one standard less than the expected value and one higher.At a minimum,calibration must be performed at the beginning of each sampling day prior to sample collection. Site-specific plans should be consulted for required calibration frequency. Note: Part of the instrument preparation and initial calibration is performed prior to the field event. This SOP requires that the manufacturer's instruction manual(including the instrument specifications)accompany the instrument into the field. 1.3 Equipment The following equipment should be used when calibrating water quality parameter measuring equipment. Site-specific conditions may warrant the use of additional items or deletion of items from this list. • Appropriate level of personal protection • Water quality meter capable of measuring pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen,specific i conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential(e_g.,YSI 600XL,or equivalent) • Turbidity Meter(e.g.,LaMotte 2020,or equivalent) • Distilled water • Deionized water Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 3 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision_ 0 Effective_ 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For information Only TRAC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE • Flow-through cell • Ring stand with clamp • Paper towels • Soft tissue(e.g.,Kimwipes) • Cuvette • pH buffer solutions(4,7,10 SU) • Conductivity solution(100, 1000 µmhos) • ZobelI solution • Turbidity standards(0,5,20 NTU) • Zero DO solution(0.0 mg/L) • DO membrane kit(electrolyte solution,membranes) • NIST thermometer(0.01°C accuracy) • Small glass or polyethylene j ars to hold the calibration standards(4-8 oz.) • Calibration Logbook • Field Instrument Calibration Logs • Cup or spray bottle for the distilled water 1.4 Definitions SOP Standard Operating Procedure pH Potential of Hydrogen ORP Oxidation-Reduction Potential NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology C Celsius mg Milligram L Liter DO Dissolved Oxygen Ulm Millimeter NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment Sonde Device that holds the measuring probes SU Standard Units µg Microgram Calibration of Field Instruments for Water.Quality Parameters Page 4 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only 1 - I STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1.5 Health & Safety Warnings TRC employees will be on site when implementing this SOP. Therefore,TRC personnel shall follow the site-specific Health& Safety Plan.TRC personnel will use the appropriate level of PPE,which includes(at a minimum)the following: 1)hardhat; 2)safety boots(steel todsteel shank); 3)safety glasses; and 4)chemical-resistant gloves. Implementing this SOP will require the use of calibration solutions. The following health and safety precautions must be taken with the pH,conductivity,and ORP solutions: Avoid inhalation,skin and eye contact to ingestion. Maintenance of the instruments will require the use of liquid cleaners. Although these substances are not hazardous materials,TRC will appropriately handle and store them at all times in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. 1.6 Cautions & Potential Problems 1 Prior to calibration,all instrument probes must be cleaned according to the manufacturer's i instructions. Failure to perform this step(proper maintenance)can lead to erroneous j measurements. • Prior to using calibration standards,check all expiration dates. • Use a ring stand and clamp to secure the sonde in an upright position. This will prevent the i sonde from falling over and damaging the probes. The volume of the calibration solutions must be sufficient to cover both the probe being calibrated and the temperature sensor(see manufacturer's instructions for additional information). 4 While calibrating or performing sample measurements,make sure there are no air bubbles lodged between the probe and the probe guard. • DO content in water is measured using a membrane electrode. The DO probe's membrane and electrolyte solution should be replaced prior to the sampling period. Failure to perform this step may lead to erratic and or erroneous measurements. If the probe reading shows the error message,"value out of range",the instrument probe must be recalibrated. 1.7 Personnel Qualifications Since this SOP will be implemented at sites or in work areas that entail potential exposure to toxic chemicals or hazardous environments,all TRC personnel must be adequately trained. Before implementing this SOP alone,TRC personnel must be trained in these procedures by a senior staff member with experience operating the equipment. In addition, all personnel utilizing this SOP must have completed the following: i • 40-hour OSHA training • 8-hour annual refresher training On-site training calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 5 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only i TRIC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE In addition to the 40-hour initial OSHA training(and annual 8-hour refresher training),all TRC field staff will complete 24 hours of supervised field experience that contribute toward the 24- hour field supervised requirement in compliance with OSHA regulation: 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(4). 2.0 PROCEDURES The probe readings for pH,dissolved oxygen,and specific conductance are automatically corrected for temperature by the instrument. Communications to the instrument(programming and displaying the measurement files)are performed using a display/logger or a computer. Information sent to the instrument is entered through the keypad on the display/logger or computer. It is desirable that the display/logger or computer have data storage capabilities. If the instrument does not have a.keypad, follow the manufacturer's instructions for entering information into the instrument. • Program the multi-probe instrument so that the following parameters to be measured will be displayed: temperature,pH,percent dissolved oxygen,mglL dissolved oxygen,conductivity, specific conductance,and ORP. Refer to Attachment D for correct units. For instrument probes that rely on the temperature sensor(pH,DO,conductivity/specific conductance,and ORP), each temperature sensor needs to be checked for accuracy against a thermometer that is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST). Before any instrument is calibrated or used to perform environmental measurements,the instrument must stabilize(warm-up)according to manufacturer's instructions. 2.1 Temperature Most instrument manuals state that calibration of the temperature sensor is not required,but this SOP requires that the temperature sensor be checked to verify its accuracy. This accuracy check is performed at least once per year and the accuracy check datelinformation is kept with the instrument. If the accuracy check date/information is not included with the instrument or,the last check was performed over a year prior to the date of use,it is recommended that the temperature sensor accuracy-be checked at the beginning of the sampling event. If the instrument contains multiple temperature sensors,each sensor must be checked. VERIFICATION PROCEDURE 1. Allow a container filled with water to equilibrate to ambient temperature. 2. Place a NIST-traceable thermometer and the instrument's temperature sensor into the water and wait approximately five minutes for both temperature readings to stabilize. 3. Compare the two measurements. The instrument's temperature sensor must agree with the NIST-traceable thermometer measurement within the accuracy of the sensor(usually ±0.15°C). If the measurements do not agree,the instrument may not be working properly and the manufacturer needs to be consulted. Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 6 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 2.2 Dissolved Oxygen DO is the volume of oxygen that is dissolved in water and-is measured using a membrane electrode. The DO probe's membrane and electrolyte solution should be replaced prior to the sampling period. Failure to perform this step may lead to erratic or erroneous measurements. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 1. Gently dry the temperature sensor according to manufacturer's instructions. 2. Place a wet sponge.or a wet paper towel on the bottom of the DO calibration container that comes with the instrument. 3.- Place the DO probe in the container without the probe coming in contact with the wet sponge or paper towel. The probe must fit loosely in the container to ensure it is vented to the atmosphere. 4. Allow the confined air to become saturated with water vapor(saturation occurs in approximately 10 to 15 minutes). During this time,tum-on the instrument to allow the DO probe to warm-up. Select monitoring/run mode. Check temperature readings. Readings must stabilize before continuing to the next step. 5: Select calibration mode;then select"DO%". 5. Enter the local barometric pressure(usually in rum of mercury) for the sampling location into the instrument. This measurement can be determined from an on-site barometer. Do not use barometric pressure obtained from the local weather services unless the pressure is corrected for the elevation of the sampling location and unless this is the only source of barometric data. [Note:inches of mercury times 25.4 mm/inch mercury equals min of mercury]. 7. The instrument should indicate that the calibration is in progress. After calibration,the instrument should display percent saturated DO. Check the reading against the Temperature/Atmospheric Pressure table in Attachment A. For example,if the barometric pressure is 752 mm Hg at an elevation of 278 feet,the percent saturation value after calibration should be 99%. 8. While the probe is still in the calibration cup,select monitoring/run mode. Compare the DO mg/L reading to the Oxygen Solubility at Indicated Pressure chart in Attachment B. For example,if the barometric pressure is 750 min Hg and the temperature inside the calibration cup is 20°C,the DO mg/L reading should be 8.94 mg(L. If they do not agree to the accuracy of the instrument(usually±0.2 mg/L),repeat calibration. If this does not work,change the membrane and electrolyte solution and repeat calibration. 9. Remove the probe from the container,rinse it with distilled water,pat it dry with a towel,and place it into a 0.0 mg/L DO Standard. The standard must be filled to the top of its container and the DO probe must fit tightly into the standard's container(no headspace). Check temperature readings. They must stabilize before continuing. 10. Wait until the"mg/L DO"readings have stabilized. The instrument should read<0.5 mg/L or to the accuracy of the instrument(usually±0.2 mg/L)within 30 seconds. If the 13age 7 of 17Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only ` STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE instrument cannot reach this value,it will be necessary to clean the probe,and change the membrane and electrolyte solution. If this does not work,prepare a new 0.0 mg/L standard. If these measures do not work,contact the manufacturer. 2.3 pH(electrometric) The pH is the measure of the degree of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution as measured on a scale of 0 to 14. The pH of a sample is.determined electrometrically using a glass electrode. All pH measurements are in standard units(Sin. Choose the appropriate buffered standards that will bracket.the expected values at the sampling locations. For ground water,the pH will usually be close to seven. Three standards are needed for the.calibration:one close to seven,one at least two pH units below seven and the other at least two pH units above seven. For those instruments that will not accept three standards,the instrument will need to be re-calibrated if the water sample's pH is outside the range defined by the two standards used in the initial calibration. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 1_ Allow the buffered standards to equilibrate to the ambient temperature. 2. Fill calibration containers with the buffered standards so each standard will cover the pH probe and temperature sensor. 3. Remove the cover of the probe,rinse in a cup filled with distilled water or use a spray bottle, and blot dry with soft tissue. 4. Select monitoring/run mode. Immerse probe in the initial buffered standard(e.g.,pH 7)and allow at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before-proceeding. 5. Enter the buffered standard value(7)into the pH calibration menu of the instrument.Allow the pH reading to stabilize for approximately 30 seconds and if the reading does not change, finish the calibration. The reading should remain within the manufacturer's specifications; if it changes,recalibrate.If readings continue to fluctuate or readings do not stabilize after recalibration,consult the manufacturer. 6. Remove probe from the initial buffered standards,rinse in a cup filled with distilled water or use a spray bottle,and blot dry with soft tissue. 7. Immerse probe into the second buffered standard(e.g.,pH 4). Repeat step 5,substituting"4" into the pH calibration menu instead of"7". 8. Remove probe from the second buffered standard,rinse in a cup filled with distilled water,or use a spray bottle,and blot dry with soft tissue. If the instrument only accepts two standards the calibration is complete. Proceed to step 11. Otherwise continue with step 9. 9. Immerse probe in third buffered standard(e.g.,pH 10). Repeat step 5,substituting"10"into the pH calibration menu instead of"7". Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 8 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformadon Only t STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 10. Remove probe from the third buffered standard,rinse in a cup filled with distilled water or use a spray bottle,and blot dry with soft tissue. 11. Select monitoring/run mode,if not already selected. To ensure that the initial buffered calibration standard(e.g.,pH 7)has not changed,immerse the probe into the initial standard. Wait for the reading to stabilize. The reading should read the initial standard value(e.g.,7) within the manufacturer's specifications. If not,re-calibrate the instrument. If re-cahbration ' does not help,the calibration range may be too great. Reduce calibration range by using standards that are closer together. 2.4 Specific Conductance Conductivity is used to measure the ability of an aqueous solution to conduct an electrical current. Specific conductance is the conductivity value corrected to 25°C. Calibrating an instrument for specific conductance automatically calibrates the instrument for conductivity,and vice-versa. Most instruments are calibrated against a single standard which is near,but below the specific conductance of the environmental samples. A second standard which is above the environmental sample specific conductance is used to check the linearity of the instrument in the range of measurements. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 1_ Allow the calibration standard to equilibrate to the ambient temperature. 2. Remove probe from its storage container,rinse the probe with'a small amount of the conductivity/specific conductance standard(discard the rinsate),and place the probe into the conductivity/specific conductance standard. Gently-move the probe up and down in the solution to remove any air bubbles from the sensor. Allow the probe to sit in the solution for at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding. 3. Select calibration mode. 4. Select Specific Conductance from the Calibration menu.Enter the calibration value of the solution(mS/cm at 25°C)and continue.Allow the Specific Conductance reading to stabilize for approximately 30 seconds and finish the calibration.The reading should remain within manufacturer's specifications.If it does not,recalibrate.If readings continue to change after recalibration,consult the manufacturer. 5. Remove probe from the standard,rinse the probe with a small amount of the second conductivity/specific conductance standard(discard the rinsate),and place the probe into the second conductivity/specific conductance standard. The second standard will serve to verify the linearity of the instrument. Read the specific conductance value from the instrument and compare the value to the specific conductance on the standard. The two values should agree within the specifications of the instrument.If they do not agree,re-calibrate. If readings do not compare,then the second standard may be outside the linear range of the instrument. Use a standard that is closer,but above the first standard and repeat the verification. If values still do not compare,try cleaning the probe or consult the manufacturer. Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 9 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only F&CSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NOTE: These procedures should only be used for instruments that are capable of automatically correcting specific conductance for temperature(to 25°C). For instruments that cannot calibrate for specific conductance, follow the procedures in the instrument's manual for conductivity calibration. If calibrating for conductivity instead of specific conductance,the solutions conductivity value must be corrected for the temperature that the sensor is reading. 2.5 Oxidation-Reduction Potential(ORP) The oxidation-reduction potential is the electrometric difference measured in a solution between an inert indicator electrode and a suitable reference electrode. The electrometric difference is measured in millivolts and is temperature dependent. CALIBRATION OR VERIFICATION PROCEDURE 1. Allow the calibration standard(a Zobell Solution)to equilibrate to ambient temperature. 2. Remove the cover of the probe and place it into the standard. 3. Select monitoring/run mode. 4. While stirring the standard,wait for the probe temperature to stabilize,and then read the temperature. 5. Look up the millivolt(mV)value at this temperature from the millivolt versus temperature correction table found in Attachment C. It may be necessary to interpolate millivolt values between temperatures. Select"calibration mode".,then"ORP". Enter the temperature- corrected ORP value and calibrate the instrument. 6. Select monitoring/run mode. The reading should remain unchanged within manufacturer's specifications: If it changes,re-calibrate. If readings continue to change after calibration, consult manufacturer. 7. If the instrument instruction manual states the instrument is factory calibrated,then verify the factory calibration against the standard. If reading does not agree within the specification of the instrument,the instrument will need to be re-calibrated by the manufacturer. 2.6 Turbidity Turbidity refers to how clear the water is and is a measure of relative sample clarity. The greater the amount of total suspended solids in the water,the higher the measured turbidity. The turbidity method is based upon a comparison of intensity of light scattered by a sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension. A turbidity meter is a nephelometer with a visible light source for illuminating the sample and one or more photo-electric detectors placed ninety degrees to the path of the Iight source. Some instruments will only accept one standard. For these instruments,the standards will serve as check points. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 10 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE 1. If the standard cuvette is not sealed,rinse a cuvette with deionized water. Shake the euvette to remove as much water as possible. Do not wipe the inside of the cuvette because lint from the wipe may remain in the cuvette. Add the standard to the cuvette. 2. Before performing the calibration procedure,make sure the cuvettes are not scratched and the outside surfaces are dry, free from fingerprints and dust. If the euvette is scratched or dirty, discard or clean the.cuvette,respectively. 3. Zero the instrument by using either a zero or 0.02 NTU standard. A zero standard (approximately 0 NTU)can be prepared by passing distilled water through a 0.45 micron pore size membrane filter. 4. Using a standard at I NTU, calibrate according to manufacturer's instructions or verify calibration if instrument will not accept a second standard. If verifying,the instrument should read the standard value to within the specifications of the instrument. If the instrument has a range of scales, check each range that will be used during the sampling event with a standard that falls within that range. 5. Using a standard at 10 NTU,calibrate according to manufacturer's instruction or verify calibration if instrument does not accept a third standard. If verifying,the instrument should read the standard value to within the specifications of the instrument. Note: If only performing a two-point calibration(depending on project requirements),the 0.02 NTU and 10 NTU standard should be used. 3.0 DATA MANAGEMENT AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT Prior to calibrating,the field equipment and calibration standard information should be recorded in a field logbook or separate Field Instrument Calibration Log. For field equipment, the information recorded should include the make,model number and the serial number of the instrument. Each instrument can be assigned an identification number which can be referenced in future field notes or when filling out the Field Instrument Calibration Log. For calibration standards,the information recorded should include the manufacturer,expiration date,true value, and any other description such as lot number. Each calibration standard can also be assigned an identification number which can be referenced in future field notes or when filling out the Field Instrument Calibration Log. All standards should be initialed and dated when opened. All calibration measurements must be documented in a field logbook or separate Field Instrument Calibration Log. An example calibration log is presented in Attachment D. At a minimum,the log must include the instrument information described above,calibration standard information described above,calibration date,and the instrument calibration results. 4.0 REFERENCES USEPA Region I. Standard Operating Procedure,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments, June 3, 1998. USEPA Region I_ Low Stress(low flow)Purging and Sampling Procedure for the Collection of Ground Water Samples for Monitoring Wells,July 30, 1996. Calibration of Feld Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 11 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19'h Edition, 1995. Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 12 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT A DISSOLVED OXYGEN CALIBRATION VALUES FOR VARIOUS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES AND ALTITUDES VALM h :'._. -=mug ritt. x0er3 #troni SaEsitil on: 3 3 -769 •423 44 �6D. �Dl;3 0 0 IQQ 2 fi1 732 !C# 3 '1$' s .9 9 3 45 S$ 17& 98 4 U -737 9$ 9t. 2560*4 4% S 1L _34 ::95x;. 1493 619 94 27$ �A7 b68 93.- jai 932Y i 698: 42 272 87 785} 91' ! 4 91 a 94• &�iY: ?6 319R 4Y29 5:s Asat ales 11 sb 4.436, i#3t1� $fi 47� 1.47' 34 3 6I6 7 2F. 717 1%43 ' 8 1 l KQ43 I$ 3 $() ' .35 7 b 17 2i�47 7s. 23.f '�8$ `7w, 103$ 2131 77 =22b Sx8 7j;. 7401 w6'. 7b 22:44 .370 466, 7749 2362. 75 �21" -562 75T 8100 NO'.. 74: 21"Am Iss `740 8455 Z577' 73 ! ZT 54 5!17 73Q' 8813 2687 7-2 2116. 540 -.719: 91:78 27.97- 7.1 ! M94 5.32 10' 9545 290' 70: 20.63: 524 ME 9917 3023 69 l35 51.7 6K, 10293 3.137 68 20 Q4 5.09 09 0673 3253 67 . ........... Table taken from EPA Region I SOP,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments,June 3, 1998. i f 1 Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 13 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TwCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT B OXYGEN SOLUBILITY AT INDICATED PRESSURE (Page 1 of 2) (�gep �nl�q*°at:tiedigt�F:resatrg_ 760 .755 75b► -145 "T4k1_ 735 'T!0. -W* QC 29 92 29 Z9`.33' 29 13 ..29;94 29.74 iu 0 14M 14A 14:5>t Id;Y 't4:18 74.09 is-.0,ice 1 14.37_ 14(f8. 13 98 `.U. 379 13 70 13:61 2 J3." ,.11 ' 13161 w C352. i3_42. :13 33 13.?4 3 13«43 "'1 I33E5 '13,16' 1307 `12-" 139D 4 13 1&. lY.l9. I3!3 12.82 12.71, 12.54 •12:?4 1 6 . "[ S9 I 49 l3!kIJ l 32. 1123 4 12.42_: 7 1211 12�3 iIS 1�.$] 11u 117 .1m 1173. 410 -J I 134 - 16 1i 4, 1 9_ I1 1 t1_a14 :1m ,14 itl i� ta�9 � 14 ,f��7 1�i,70 i - -- • 12 1E94 k7 [! 1l1430- k __4. WV"ft - 1 TS :1k 998" S 9335. 4.:. 1t; �.83 5ys�6 �s� � 9.:57.• " . +�43 11 §379 it 8 8&. 8 b2 24 ix 8Afi 0 - '� `�Via: �� •�:4� _ "I7 47 °? = 3 Ud s 4.n 6 s: s ► 1 s66 • 6.84 �6 d:'rfi bfS �,60' {:SS - W. 6.G3 1t 4 _-$'AW 6--44 '6:40: 35 6 41E 31i 6_35 C"V 6i2d. tl b 14 bQ9' '&63 &Asq 3 GA9 �iil Gig 59$ i 63 w, 5 85 S$:[. 5 7T Table taken from EPA Region I SOP,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments,June 3, 1998. Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 14 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12l2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only i i TRC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT B OXYGEN SOLUBILITY AT INDICATED PRESSURE (Page 2 of 2) OW-5d0ilitl<akk&wa d.P .[o itiatuifj e � rrs. .. n0 7ts -10. ?t15 704 61►0�MM ' G: 28 54 28:33 28.15: 27.95 27-26. 27. •2i-.t7 0. t3;89 11480 13.76. t3.b1. l3 St 13.4I 13.32 13.22 v*4 1. 1,3 51 13A2 13;33 tkp 0:14: .6--04 _12-95. t2:86. 12_67 1.2.88: 12-M 12.0 1460 1231: l3;81 $:7Z 12.63 12 54 12.45 12.36 1217 12..i8 4. I 47 W7 M-30. 12.21: 12.13 12:04 ll.95 11.$7 5: 1215 lzm I.m tt;89 11*1. :t'1,73 tt 73 4Ls68 IT,000 l.$! l.i. II35 t1 W34 'itl i..2il- a: ... . a 11 it PCs: 't1 to :.LiOZ 1095 x0,a 10:.,. I0 o,: 10 84 t076 M.69. 10.6 0#3 1_0- o 0 a 0'46 t0 59 10:51.. t0.44: 1 1 29 . I> 1 E 1Z1 IdAO 10:33 10.2$ °Ili:lB I 1Q of 1 24 10117 :L0,10 10.02 9'IS 13' MAIL :Jr'J4.. 917 i 15 -13.$ 4:5F1.- :4. 4 9;ss ;g3* 9 1 : 3? ;13 94 a t7: 1$ ;9it 9QS 8:98 82 - l$i &99 <m 9,w 88Q y. 30 $' 8 51 85 1 :. . -40 1`1S *-09 803 7.• �74 24_ #9y: !AA 71. 7; f1 7 t�S i 7 S4 jJT 732 7` S7 i 7:41; 3fl 7.25 7<g 7:15 7 Ct1 7 45 7 fi 94: 32. 5. 6't! 70 (►G?1I 6 S9 638 6:53- ESQ: 073:; 6.Sg b:53 6,48 _6:4 G $ 6.47 6:42' bl !F 41 6;36 ! 6:4tl 31 5.�6 6 21 �516 d 11 G;OZ. 18 6,1.9 6 fi2! 6,16 6:13 ;6fJ7 602, 398 6,t16 592. S,B7 6 Et6 6,41 5,96 $:92. 5:86. ;83 78: 5M. 519t 5 87 SM., S 5:8& 5 82: 3 7T 3'. -5 69 3 b{ 5AQ, $0 .5 64 S d S Sb Sl 4 ,F 5 S� S fi4 S:S9 5,5s' 5 5t S 4f 54 2� 3-4$ 5-51 5:4.7 1.g2 38 $33 { i Table taken from EPA Region I SOP,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments,June 3, 1998. l .- Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 15 of 17 } Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformation Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT C ZOBELL TEMPERATURE CORRECTION CHART (ORP Calibration) Zot ell Temperature Correction tar( Teinperatur Corrected Zobefl Read"uW my 210.0 -4 268.7 4 267.4 2 266.1 9- .2633.5.- 1 2621 2. 26G.9 -259.6 4< 258.3 5. 257.0 6° 255.7 7 264.4 '[Q -2w.6 11.. . :249:2. . 12 247a9 13. 246:6 -.14:.... , 245.3 IS '244A T6. 242:7 47 .:24:1A 18 ..24Q:1 s 238.8. 20 237.5 2"1 2362. 22 234.9 23 ,.6 - - 24 332 3 25 2no -2 2207 21 228�3 28 227A _29 225;8 3Q 224:5 a1 223.2 32. 2219:. .... 33. 2Z06 34 :g19x3 5 214 0 36. 2167 3x 215:4 98 2141 ;39 2128`.:. �. 40 1 211.5 Table taken from EPA Region I SOP,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments,June 3, 1998. Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 16 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision_ 0 Effective: 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT D TRC FIELD INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION LOG Water Quality Instrument ID Date— - Turbidity Instrument ID Date of Last Temperature Probe Check Site Name �ttSCFrett AQ A - CbttstlOtlsib f7xygeti. 1041f: sdubAity at Y it .Z�'DQ tlrtte Pressts�. °Sahtra6on ittdicated Iitttfed:Psstee: 't .:. Conmetrts Irnlials :(�riird ig Ca�btation can . Presswre 4 1;_ LDS. �r�eFto tatila) tms�-) t �: 1 TIM4 "�e in�nts: oxldatiait 9 60..oo r: .. ..- tmty ..... ...-. : aHbtut.Efirtii; ;{ncrEglibrattonLogacaiq. o13p`_ Zefd TutbkF Tiri slsaatti.#t_ Tte 6 Starriit.# Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 17 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only TRCSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT B OXYGEN SOLUBILITY AT INDICATED PRESSURE (Page 2 of 2) Oiggcci%dubilay 4.k&wedl'rrmic(64tiiigeq Temp; _ Prune piz) 735'`: 720 .715-7 .10 . .70S &} 4900 emat `G 28r34' 28 35 �8 f5 27." 27 76 215G 2�3& ?i in �A. 1319 13.80 13.10. 13.61. 13.51 13:4f 1-1" 13.22 *%4 i. 13 51" .13 d2 13:33 13-7.3. 13;14, 13.04 -M-95. 12.86. 133 b.*06 12-67 12 88 1-1: 12:69 12.60 1251 lii2 13-63 1.2:54 Ix 45 12,36 IIs7 II AS . t21#7 lj: 12.30 =I. 12.13 i204 i.145 11.97 l r 1:1-9$. IL99 11.0 :11,13 .tl.64 11..._ 1<1:1t4. 11;k3 :1fc68 1iG0 lt$t. 13:43: :IT3; _ :7.� I13� f '4� 1'.f34 .f.�i 11.1"1= �111_f4 - - . �. li��° 1Q:9� i(!$�l iQ�6 10�� 10:6• � 3* 4 lQ,1i 1p 59 :10 51. 30 44: 1 7'1; 2b t8 Itt iSF 10.33 1019. ':i�D l:$ 2 ' to-t-1- :10;10 iFk02 13° i0:1Et_ `9�4' fi.$7 9_�ft `'�:; 2 "• 14 1. AM 9 2a 0-4 p 1t AM �kfl M. 9199 la: S 94 K 8.8f. 8:8Q x ... T s s _rt.. 7. AT " 15 7D 05 7 # ram. &° b'i0 t;G4` 6,59 ,33 'l t b Sg. 6 3 6 48 -60 6 8 1k A47 6AT 4 33: (r 60 f''. 4t 636 Q1:. 4i37 4 x2. 7 8 40; 3.t 6.24 6 31 51 :12' G:07. 38 621 6,.1¢° 6.12' b iYi i1:Q2.. 5;3ff• 34 if'S; 11 6.06 :6:Q:[.. 5 97 5-91 3,87 5>9t: S 8Z S;9Z; 5 5:T1 S; Q 5:9& 5:82 517 S 5:54 5 55 5:51. �L G 142: Table taken from EPA Region I SOP,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments,June 3, 1998. I Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 15 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only IJKVSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT C ZOBELL TEMPERATURE CORRECTION CHART (ORP Calibration) Zobell Temperature Correction ONO, Corrected ( ) 2obefi Readaig Celcks rn -5 274.0 -4 268.7 '.4 267A -2 26fi:1 0. -263.5 ._ 2: :M:8 .0, .259.6 x 4: 258:3 5: 257A 8' 255.7 8: '2012 1.1.. 7248:,2, .12 .2471a 11 246:O 1# 245:3 .. .. is '244:D ._t6 24V 17 :24?t4 -20 237:5 .22 _234-9 23 233:6 24 3 25 231:0 20 -228:7 27 2284 28 227:1 -20 2258 30 22d:5 .- 33 2206 34 2193 . 218A .::. .30. 216:7 37 21. A' 214.1 39 212 01:. 40 4:- :. Table taken from EPA Region I SOP,Draft Calibration of Field Instruments,June 3, 1998. Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 16 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 1212003 TRC Controlled Document For Information Only j,W4C STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT D TRC FIELD INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION LOG Water Quality Instrument ID Date Turbidity Instrument ID Date of Cast Temperature Probe Check Site Name 03ssohrefilox n(Up Adtx 10096 BatoTit tt lti(t9fi: saftiw, Solubility at Shy at Zoo 0. Time Pru3sstce SateaaLon lydtrated lix9cted'Presstre: '( ?edt. Cuxtxnetrts. irui6als (uritttlk QatddQtl call 411•. PnWre (ettglL; (KfL} (rear fo ta4a) T1rtr0 pFCT PK'M pti:4°Dtredr T4tiH 0D 04.On s (ttrnt� Oxidatiaii Raditct3ati:Pbte~ ?itrtB 7 M te {mif} Gbntnret is ln_ffial €�r'tcstatrte Turbidity TIM AM* idat:#1. St@rttQ G�lihZn EiitW;�,(ce .fg6raf�!togk} SR PH.4— PS EM T_ 6 . O `_ 2enB Turw*_ Ti;R.Sw d&d#t_ Tud,G to - sEn�ms}i5�:ru [y; !�aneet�ds. Calibration of Field Instruments for Water Quality Parameters Page 17 of 17 Procedure No:024 Revision: 0 Effective: 12/2003 TRC Controlled Document Forinformation Only