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GREENLAWN CEMETERY -NR lowtie pain i in N 3 An 0 000 ommum dr 3 ev G c� SZ 75 P I n - 13 III The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission June 4, 2015 Mr. J. Paul Loether National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service 1201 Eye Street,NW, 8't floor 1 Washington, DC 20005 Dear Mr. Loether. Enclosed please find the following nomination form: Greenlawn Cemetery, 57 Ome Street, Salem(Essex), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the property in the Certified Local Government community of Salem were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 60 to 90 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. A letter of support has been received. Both redacted and unredacted copies of the nomination are included. Sincerely, Betsy Friedberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure co Ja Guy,Planning Department, Salem CLG Coordinator ssica Herbert, Salem Historical Commission Lisa Mausolf,consultant Kimberly Driscoll,Mayor,City of Salem Christine Lutz,Friends of Greenlawn Cemetery 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 • Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Greenlawn Cemetery(preferred) Other names/site number: Old Buryin>? Ground, Ome Street Burying Ground,North Salem Cemetery, Orne Street Cemetery,North Field.Cemetery Name of related multiple property listing: (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing 2. Location Street& number: 57 Orne Street City or town: Salem State: MA County: Essex Not For Publication:❑ Vicinity: ❑ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this /nomination _request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the.property Zmeets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: _national _statewide /local Applicable National Register Criteria: ,/A B ✓ C 1) Signature of certifying official/Title: Brona Simon, SHPO Date State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property _meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official: Date Title : State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Forth NPS Forrn 10-9D0 OMB No.10240018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register _determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) Signature of the Keeper Date,of Action 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private: ❑ Public—Local Fx Public— State Public—Federal F Category of Property (Check only one box.) Building(s) District 1-1 Site F Structure Object 8 Sections 1-6 page 2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National.Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Fonn 10-900 - OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Contributing Noncontributing 2 2 buildings 11 1 sites 9 0 structures 28 0 objects 50 3 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 0 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) FUNERARY: Cemetery Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) FUNERARY: Cemetery Sections 1-6 page 3 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) LATE 19'/EARLY 20' CENTURY REVIVALS: Late Gothic Revival Materials: (enter categories from instructions.) Principal exterior materials of the property: Granite, Slate, Marble, Iron, Zinc, Brick, Stone, Concrete Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) Summary Paragraph Greenlawn Cemetery is a well-preserved municipal cemetery located in the northern part of Salem, Massachusetts. Established initially in 1807,with the purchase of 2.5 acres in the area then known as Northfields,Greenlawn Cemetery was expanded by various purchases over the years and currently encompasses approximately 55 acres,making it the largest of Salem's five municipal cemeteries. In the late 19'"century the cemetery was influenced by the rural cemetery movement,and in the early 20`s century new structures were constructed and hundreds of trees were added to the landscape by WPA workers,resulting in what is one of the most comprehensive collections of arboreal plant material in the state. Greenlawn's most distinctive architectural feature is Dickson Memorial Chapel, a Gothic Revival structure designed by George F. Meacham and dedicated in 1894. There are roughly 22,000 burials in the cemetery, of which approximately 16,000 predate 1964, which is the end of the period of significance. The cemetery is still in active use today but retains considerable historic integrity. The accompanying datasheet lists representative features of the cemetery, including buildings, structures, and objects that are described below. There are 49 resources within the cemetery that are considered contributing. These include two buildings, eleven sites,nine structures(bridges and entrance gates), and 28 objects (gravestones and monuments). There are three resources that are considered noncontributing due to substantial alteration or recent construction. These include the altered greenhouse/garage originally built in 1934, a ca.1990 garage, and a veterans' cemetery laid out in 1993. Section 7 page 4 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Narrative Description The irregularly shaped Greenlawn Cemetery is bordered by Appleton Street and Liberty Hill Avenue on the west, Orne Street on the southeast, and Sargent Street to the northeast. The topography of the cemetery ranges from relatively flat to gently sloping. The cemetery was added onto multiple times over the years by the acquisition of additional parcels of land,many of which were former farms. City reports detail numerous campaigns to regrade the land,remove orchards,fill hollows, and/or remove gravel. Dickson Memorial Chapel stands on one of the highest points of the cemetery, as does the Sons of Veterans Civil War Monument. Below the monument is one of two water bodies, Fountain Pond, which is located at one of the low points of the cemetery. It is not shown on early maps of the cemetery and was created about 1886. The other low point is Sargent Pond,which is located at the north end of the cemetery,adjacent to Liberty Hill Avenue and Sargent Street, and is a larger water body, dredged in the 1930s. Vegetation is a distinctive feature of Greenlawn Cemetery,which is renowned for its arboreal and botanical diversity and beauty. Various tree, shrub, and floral plantings occurred in the cemetery during the late 19"'century,reflecting the rural cemetery movement, popularized by cemeteries such as Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge and Watertown,Massachusetts(NR 1973/NHL 2003). However, most of the trees seen today are 80 years old or less,and include major improvements initiated in the 1930s and funded by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. A massive planting effort was initiated in 1933 and 1934,with Works Progress Administration(WPA)workers planting 214 conifers and evergreens, 134 deciduous trees, 120 flowering trees, 514 deciduous shrubs, 100 broadleaf evergreens, and 171 vines and ferns. Over the years that followed, seeds of shrubs and trees were received from the Arnold Arboretum, and started and nurtured in the cemetery greenhouses for eventual planting on the grounds. Longtime Cemetery Commissioner and horticulturist F. Carroll Sargent was instrumental in continuing the tradition of planting and propogating trees and shrubs for the cemetery. It is estimated that between 150 and 200 different species of trees populate the 55-acre cemetery today. Among the notable specimens are: Amur Cork,Dawn Redwood,Kentucky Coffee, Osage Orange, Korean Evodia,Yellow-wood, Gingko, Siberian Elm,and Katsura trees.' (See Attached Sketch Map for location of selected trees:) Circulation System The cemetery's circulation system (SAL.9064)consists of a network of avenues and paths that were added incrementally over the years as the cemetery expanded. Throughout Greenlawn the avenues are named for trees and the paths for shrubs and vines. Most of the avenues and paths are curving. The avenues are generally about five feet wide and do not have an edge treatment. Initially the avenues were surfaced with gravel from the cemetery or nearby pits. They were paved with bituminous by the mid 20`s century. The paths, which had previously been gravel,were sodded in 1934 to give the cemetery a more parklike appearance. At that time many steps and concrete borders that had previously marked family plots were also removed. A series of cast-iron avenue and path markers (SAL.9026)were fabricated for the cemetery beginning in 1894. Thirteen were erected in 1894, with an additional 126 denoting the names of paths and avenues An interactive inventory of trees in Greenlawn Cemetery is being developed by the Friends of Greenlawn and Mass in Motion Salem. See http://batchgeo.coin/man/0384f3cd8O32l4e6blfc00822258ccl7 for more information. Section 7 page 5 United States Department of the Interior . National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Fonn 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property - County and State installed in 1895. Over the years the markers have been replaced as needed, according to the original design. There are currently about 90 markers. Major Buildings and Structures The centerpiece of Greenlawn Cemetery is the Dickson Memorial Chapel(SAL.1863; see Photos 1 &2, Figure 6). The 24-by-44-foot, High Victorian Gothic Chapel was designed by Newton architect George F. Meacham, and completed in 1894 as a gift by Walter Scott Dickson in memory of his wife. The chapel is constructed of rock-faced granite laid in random ashlar coursing,with a polychromatic effect achieved through the use of olive-colored stone corner trimmings and Cleveland cream-colored sandstone for the door and window trimmings. Centered on the west gable fagade is a gabled vestibule with a pointed-arch opening containing solid oak-paneled double doors with iron hinges. Above the entrance there is a pointed-arch opening containing a rose window,with pointed-arch panels below. The stained-glass windows were made by Phipps, Slocum&Co. of Boston. Narrow stained-glass windows flank the entrance vestibule. There are three stained-glass windows on the north wall and a large circular window in the east gable end. Gothic details include wall buttresses,window tracery,finials, gablets, and other carved ornamentation. The roof is sheathed in patterned slates, with three triangular dormers on each slope and iron cresting along the ridge. Originally, an impressive conservatory measuring 35 feet by 50 feet,with a hip-on-dome roof capped by cresting, extended to the south of the chapel, linked by a glassed vestibule. The deteriorated conservatory was removed about 1982, leaving only the foundation. Three former tympani survive on the west wall. Only the larger, central opening contains wooden doors; the flanking openings have been filled with stonework. The interior of the chapel has oak trim with an exposed timber roof of Georgia pine. The pulpit has a five-part Gothic screen with five marble tablets; the central tablet is inscribed "Erected to the memory of Georgia L. Dickson, By her husband, 1894." The chapel retains its original settees of oak, also designed in a Victorian Gothic style. The two front corners of the church adjacent to the entry were designed to be a robing room and a lavatory. Hamilton, Balcomb&Peterson were the contractors, and were responsible for the mason and carpenter work, including the fumiture. Below the north side of the chapel,there is a reinforced-concrete receiving tomb,which was constructed in 1906 by J. J. Welch and Company of Salem, according to plans by City Engineer George Ashton, measures 25 feet square, and has a capacity to hold 42 crypts. A granite tablet adjacent to the chapel commemorates the gift of Walter Dickson. Other features within the cemetery were constructed utilizing the Dickson endowment fund. These include the Dickson Bridge (SAL.9010; Photo 3),a small concrete span constructed over Fountain Pond in 1928. The current bridge replaces an earlier iron bridge erected in the late 19'h century. In 1929,the concrete and stone Dickson Steps(SAL.9011; Photo 3)were constructed leading up the embankment from the bridge over Fountain Pond to the Grand Army of the Republic Lot(SAL.9035). Built in 1933 according to designs by Philip Horton Smith of the Boston architectural firm of Smith & Walker,the Cemetery Office(SAL.3879; Photo 4,Figure 9) is a single-story, Tudor Revival-style structure with an L-shaped plan. Set on a concrete foundation,the building is constructed of red water- struck face brick laid in a Flemish bond. The steeply pitched hip roof is sheathed in mottled purple slate,. and a large brick chimney with corbel cap rises from the ridge. Projecting from the south end of the fagade is an entrance vestibule,with a vertical-board oak front door with heavy wrought-iron hinges. To Section 7 page 6 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State the north of the entrance bay is a multipaned,tripartite metal casement window. Windows of the same design punctuate the other, lesser elevations;all of the windows are fitted with wrought-iron security grills. The main level is divided into two offices with original finishes, including plaster walls and oak trim at baseboards, chair rails, doors and door casings, and fireplace surround. There are several service rooms in the basement. Behind(northwest of)the cemetery office is a former Greenhouse/Garage(SAL.3890),constructed in 1934 on the site of a former bam. The cellar area from the bam was retrofitted for use as a lower-level, three-stall garage by the addition of structural steel and concrete. The interior faces of the former stone foundation were parged with concrete. Above the garage was a large greenhouse and potting shed. The outline of the former gable-roofed greenhouse survives,but was enclosed with metal siding in 2007. On the south end of the west elevation,concrete steps with an ornamental iron railing lead up to a patio outside the former greenhouse. Attached to the north gable end is a hip-roofed, stuccoed potting shed. Cold frames historically lined the long east wall of the building. To the northwest of the greenhouse there is a modem metal Garage(noncontributing, SAL.3891)constructed ca. 1990 to shelter a tree-trimming truck. The simple, stone and concrete Sargent Pond Bridge(SAL.9027)over the outlet of Sargent Pond was constructed in 1943. The Main Entrance Gate(SAL.9008; Photo 5), at the south end of the cemetery at the intersection of Appleton, Ome, and North streets was constructed in 1903, after the adjacent 1.3-acre parcel along Appleton Street was acquired from the Putnam estate in 1901. The entrance consists of four dressed, rock-faced granite piers, capped with formal entablature courses and polished-granite ball finials. The . body of each pier is a single stone cut to look like smaller units. The two central piers are slightly taller and more elaborate;with a coursed finish and bracketed cornice. Cast-iron fencing spans between the piers,with a matching set of iron gates at the center.The Metropolitan Granite Company was the contractor for the stonework, while Paul B. Patten of Salem manufactured the ironwork. The two taller piers also have bronze memorial plaques that were added in 1945 after the death of long-time Cemetery Commissioner George B. Farrington(d. 1942). They were donated by Mrs. Farrington in memory of her husband, who was appointed in 1931, as one of the first commissioners. The earliest gate in the cemetery is the Orne Street Gate(SAL.9007;Photo 6), located on the Ome Street frontage, midway between Walter Street and Orchard Street., The two granite posts measure more than nine feet tall and display chamfered corners on a square base with an angled pyramid cap. They access the portion of the cemetery that was added in 1884, and were installed in 1887, 400 feet north of the old part of the cemetery.2 The Orne Street Entrance(SAL.9012; Photo 7)was constructed north of the older Ome Street gate in 1942 to provide access to the cemetery office, greenhouse, and chapel. Set back from Ome Street,the simple wrought-iron gate is flanked on either side by brick piers with cast-stone caps. A curved (quarter- round) segment of brick wall extends from each central pier to a longer stretch of brick wall along the sidewalk. Drawings for a different brick entrance wall were prepared by Smith &Walker in December 1934,but that wall was never built 3 'Salem Evening News, August 25, 1887. 3 Massachusetts Historical Society archives. Section 7 page 7 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property - County and State The Liberty Hill Avenue Gate(SAL.9009;Photo 8)consists of two brick piers set on granite pedestals with cast-stone ball tops. Between the posts are iron gates incorporating ovals and sunburst motifs and topped by arrows. The gate was originally installed in 1919. The two brick piers were rebuilt in 1962 4 The southern end of the cemetery, including the frontage on Appleton Street,Orne Street(south of the main entrance), and Liberty Hill(as far as Laurel Ave. inside the cemetery), is outlined by a Cast-Iron Fence(SAL.9025) first erected in 1887 and featuring Victorian-style square posts with raised panels and ovals. Some of the cast-iron posts have been replaced with modern reproductions. The remainder of the cemetery is outlined by a chain-link fence, first installed in the 1930s. Cemetery Areas The various sections of Greenlawn Cemetery have developed over more than two centuries as the cemetery accumulated more acreage,and in response to changing funerary styles. The chronology of the various areas of the cemetery is delineated on the attached sketch map. "Old Cemetery" (1807+) The original or"Old Cemetery"(see Figure 1),as it is referred to over the years,is a small area,originally only about 2 Yz acres in size,which is located west of Ome Street and opposite Upham Street. It is visible on the present-day cemetery map because the gravestones in this area are scattered and without organization. It was developed from 1807 to the mid 19" century. In the late l9`s century,there were said to be as many as 250 unmarked graves in this area, and today the number of graves remains unknown. Within this area is the first known burial in the cemetery,which dates to 1807 and is marked.by a round- top slate marker,the Capt.John Symonds Headstone(SAL.9028; Photo 9). It is the oldest known feature in the cemetery. The tablet-shaped stone has a scalloped decorative border along the side edges and spirals in the corners,with an urn-and-willow motif in the tympanum above. Nearby is the Capt. Robert Foster Headstone(SAL.9029; Photo 10).Foster,who died in 1814, commanded the patriots at Salem's North Bridge on February 25, 1775,and was also first master of the Essex Masonic Lodge. The round-top, slate marker is notable for its iconography, including the Masonic square and compass, and a star, a cross, and a branch over a coffin. The cemetery also includes several shoulder-arched slate markers with urn-and-willow motifs. One such example is the Peter Babb Headstone(SAL.9030; Photo 11); Babb died in 1824. There are also a number of three-lobed or tripartite marble markers, such as the James Ropes Family Headstones (SAL.9031; Photo 12), dated between the 1820s and 1840. These deteriorated stones also incorporate urn-and-willow motifs. There are also simple tablets, many of which are marble, in this area. The Old Cemetery also includes two sections of largely unmarked, single-grave public lots near Appleton Street. These areas were used to bury the indigent,victims of epidemics, accident victims, children, and others unable to pay for private burials.' Public Lot#1 (SAL.9058)is located between Poplar and Chestnut avenues, south of Catalpa Path. Public Lot#2 (SAL.9060)is located west of Myrtle Avenue, between Tulip and Palmetto paths. In both cases,the grassy areas are dotted by only a few above-ground markers. According to early cemetery policy, the graves were unmarked, and in some cases were likely 4 Salem City Documents, 1962,p.44. Information from Ron Malionek,Greenlawn Cemetery Superintendent. Section 7 page 8 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register-of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-9D0 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State used more than once. Later,concrete cylinders,about five inches around and a foot deep were sunk to mark the graves,with only the top of the cylinder and grave number visible above ground. In the few cases where families opted to erect an individual gravestone,they were required to reimburse the city for the plot. Putnam Addition (1865) Just to the north of the Old Cemetery is a thirteen-acre parcel of land,which was previously owned by nursery owner Charles F.Putnam and was added to the burial ground in 1865 (see Figure 2). The irregularly shaped parcel extends from Ome Street to Liberty Hill Avenue, and includes the southern part of the present Fountain Pond. Within the cemetery, it includes curvilinear Chestnut Avenue and Walnut Avenue near Orne Street,as well as Cedar Avenue and Fir Avenue to the west. At one time there was a brick receiving tomb near Appleton Street,but this is no longer extant. The local Odd Fellows purchased a lot,LO.O.F.Lot(SAL.9032), east of Willow Avenue for burials in 1868,and in 1884 erected the I.O.O.F.Monument(SAL.9033;Photo 13),which consists of a polished-granite column topped by a polished-granite orb. It was made by the Smith Granite Company of Westerly,Rhode Island. The Grand Army of the Republic(G.A.R.) Lot(SAL.9035; Photo 14) is located west of Fountain Pond and on the west side of Fir Avenue. The lot is outlined by four bronze,muzzle-loading cannons, inserted with their barrels in the ground and only the knoblike projection and rear end of the breach showing. At the center of the G.A.R. lot there is a white-bronze(zinc) Sons of Veterans Civil War Monument (SAL.9005; Photo 14)depicting a Union soldier holding a sword in one hand and a flag in the other; it was erected by the Sons of Veterans in 1886(the sword is no longer extant). The ornate pedestal is decorated with incised Eastlake-style detailing. The statue was manufactured by the Monumental Bronze Company of Bridgeport,Connecticut. Surrounding the monument are flush,white-marble gravestones dedicated to 168 soldiers who fought on the Union side. Between Oak and Pine paths,there was originally a central oval area for ornamental plantings.This was later given to the American Legion and was used as the American Legion/World War I Lot(SAL.9034; Photo 13). There are approximately 80 small, white-marble stones in this area. Public Lot#3(SAL.9061)is a grassy area with a few markers located along the Appleton Street edge of the cemetery,west of Cedar Avenue near Laburnum Avenue. Family lots predominate elsewhere in this section. The monuments within the lots represent a variety of styles and forms. The majority are marble, and a number have become difficult, if not impossible,to read due to deterioration. The gravestones include marble tablets, pointed-arch stones, and more unusual markers, such as those resembling open books on lecterns. There are a number of obelisks,which symbolized eternal life and became popular in the mid 19'h century. Among these is the George Peach Family Monument(SAL.9036). The Barnes Family Monument(SAL.9037;Photo 15) is an example of a more omate pillar monument with draped urn motif. Another form seen in Greenlawn is the rectangular pier topped by gables on all four faces(unlike the obelisk, the sides are not tapered). There are also several examples of family plots with individualized Victorian designs for male and female family members. The William Smith Family Headstones(SAL.9038;Photo 16) include a Victorian marble tablet emboldened by oak leaves symbolizing strength for William,while Elizabeth and Anna have more stylized stones with lily reliefs, representing chastity or purity. Located on the south side of Fir Avenue near the G.A.R. Monument,the Dickson Family Monument(SAL.9039; Photo 17)marks the resting place of Greenlawn's most important benefactor, Walter Scott Dickson(d.1900),his wife Georgianna(d. 1891), and his parents,Thomas(d.1859)and Betsey (d.1881). The centerpiece of the plot is a rough-faced granite monument with smooth tablets on the sides. The monument is topped by a lantern carved from granite. This motif is also visible in other parts of the cemetery.Around the margin of the lot are other, smaller markers for the individuals in the plot.This lot is not enclosed by granite curbing, although several other nearby family plots are. Facing Ome Street,the large Bixby Family Section 7 page 9 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form to-goo OMB No. 1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Monument(SAL.9040) is a rough-faced granite marker with a carving of a palm frond. In front of the monument is a row of small, angled markers for various family members, including a number of Symondses. Other notable Symonds family markers include the grave of Capt.John D. Symonds(d. 1877) and his wife Lavinia(SAL.9041), a marble tablet with tympanum,ribbon-decorated crest and a winged cherub on each side. Nearby is the white-bronze zinc monument of John Gynan(SAL.9042), erected in August 1889. He died in 1888 at the age of 54. A simple granite marker stands at the grave of, Kate Tannatt Woods(SAL.9043),author,educator, and poet,who died in 1910. She founded many women's clubs and published articles for national publications, including Ladies Home Journal and Harper's Bazaar. She lived with her husband,Lt. Col. George Woods, at 166 North Street;he was severely wounded in the Civil War, and her writing supported the family.6 This section also includes later monuments. The grave of Arthur Huddell(SAL.9044) is located at the corner of Cedar and Laburnum avenues. Huddell was General President of the International Union of Operating Engineers, and the large granite monument with bronze medallion and inscribed torch was erected in his memory after his death in 1931. Leavitt Farm Addition (1884) In 1884,a sixteen-acre parcel of land,which had been the Leavitt Farm, was added to the cemetery (Compare Figure 6& 7). The parcel was located north of the 1865 Putnam Addition and extended from Ome Street to Liberty Hill Avenue, encompassing the central portion of the cemetery as we know it today as well as what later became Sargent Pond. Included in the new area was the northern portion of Fountain Pond,the land on which the Dickson Chapel and conservatory and the cemetery office were later built. Within this area is the Spanish American War Lot(SAL.9045), consisting of 39 marble gravestones. Beside the stones is a damaged metal urn. Just to the east is the Association for the Relief of Aged and Destitute Women Lot(SAL.9046;Photo 20),which includes markers and a Boulder with bronze plaque(SAL.9047). A section of single graves for indigents,Public Lot#4(SAL.9062), was also included in the 1884 section. It is located south of Cypress Avenue,between Moss Path and Aster Path, and includes a number of gravemarkers. Located between Liberty Hill Avenue and Sargent Pond,the World War H Lot(SAL.9048; Photo 21)consists of 256 marble gravestones. There are a wide variety of markers and monuments in private sections of the 1884 addition. In general, the prevalence of marble markers in the earlier section gives way to granite headstones and monuments, many of which incorporate the latest available polishing technology. One of the most elaborate, located at the Allen G.Lovell Family Plot(SAL.9049; Photo 22), is a boxy granite monument reminiscent of a sarcophagus,with squat corner columns and a hip roof. The plot is outlined by granite curbing and posts, some of which have lost their ornamentation. This is the final resting place of Allen Lovell, who died in 1894; individual stones also mark the graves of other members of the family. In contrast,the ca. 1930 Verry Family Monument(SAL.9050; Photo 23)with its finely carved roses demonstrates the new tools and technology available to granite carvers. A number of monuments in this part of the cemetery reflect the growing rustic movement of cemetery design. There are several graves marked by tree-stump monuments,typically representative of a life cut short. The Pvt.Robert James Cooney Monument (SAL.9051; Photo 24) is of special note because it commemorates the loss of a soldier in the First World War. Cooney,who served in the Royal Canadian Regiment of the Canadian Infantry, died in France in 1916. After the war,the families of fallen soldiers were given an official token of gratitude by the British government in the form of a bronze memorial medal. The medallion, called"Pyranus"(nicknamed `Dead 'Bonnie Hurd Smith. Salem Women's History website. Lt. Col. Woods died in 1884,and his grave is located next to that of his wife. Section 7 page 10 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Man's Penny'),was designed by sculptor and medalist Edward Carter Preston. Production of the bronze. medallions,twelve centimeters in diameter, began in 1919, and more than a million were issued. In the case of Pvt. Cooney, a medallion bearing his name was given to his mother,Bessie Cooney DeMings of Beverly,who had it mounted on his gravestone. The monument also marks the graves of Bessie DeMings and her husband, John. The Smith-Symonds Monument(SAL.9052) marks the graves of Charles V. Smith (d. 1884),his wife Frances Smith,their daughter Alice, and her husband, John H. Symonds. Consisting of a cross inscribed I.H.S. (a monogram of the name of Jesus Christ)set on a granite base intended to look like a pile of boulders, it is one of the few examples of traditional Christian symbolism in this part of the cemetery. Other simple and unusual designs include the ca. 1900 William H.Buker Family Monument(SAL.9053),which consists of a polished diamond piece of granite resting on a triangular-shaped rusticated base. Buker was a fireman and officer at the Salem jail;he died in 1911. Also buried in this section is Rev.Jacob Strayer(SAL.9054; Photo 25),who was born a slave in 1848, fought during the Civil War, and became an African Methodist Episcopal minister and pastor of the Salem Colored Mission for 25 years. Stroyer chronicled his life as a slave in the autobiography My Life in the South, published in 1879. Rev. Stroyer died in 1908, and a marker detailing his life story was erected by friends. The cemetery also reflects the diverse ethnic groups that came to Salem and nearby communities. There are a number of simple stones with inscriptions written in Greek. The more elaborate Moustakis Family Monument(SAL.9055; Photo 26)is the work of Kimball Brothers, local stonecutters,and depicts a gowned woman looking down and holding a wreath, adjacent to a slab recording the names of the family members buried here. The Moustakis family emigrated from Greece to Salem in the early 20'h century, and had a candy store on Essex Street. The Sophie Kozak Gravestone (SAL.9056)is a simple stone marker erected at the grave of a Polish woman who died in 1944. She was born to Russian or Polish parents in Austria in 1862, and arrived in New York in 1908 at the age of 46. By 1930 she was living in Salem, and died here in 1944. The marker is inscribed"Mother,"and incorporates an isosceles cross and circular oak or laurel wreath. The granite John Riley Gravestone (SAL.9057)bears a simple inscription, identifying Riley as a Medal of Honor recipient in the Spanish American War. He served in the U.S.Navy as a landsman on board the U.S.S. Nashville, and received the honor for his bravery cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos, Cuba,on May 11, 1898. He died in Salem in 1950. His wife is buried here as well. A Veterans Lot(SAL.9063)was laid out in 1993 on Chapel Hill, adjacent to Dickson Chapel. Putnam Addition (1901) A second parcel of land was acquired by the city from the Putnam family in 1901. This narrow strip of land borders Appleton Street. It includes a row of plots on either side of Cedar Avenue,from Orne Street almost to Savin Avenue. Most of the graves along Cedar Avenue consist of regular granite headstones. The James E. and Sarah Tufts Monument(SAL.9058) is a boulder that resembles a fire helmet. It bears a bronze plaque with the birth and death dates of Tufts(1849-1915)and his wife Sarah(1845- 1928). Potter Farm 1190 11 The nine acres of land that had been the Cate-Potter farm were added to Greenlawn in 1901. Harris Circle was laid out on the land, and in 1943 the new space was opened up for lot sales. Burials in this area consist primarily of fairly uniform granite markers. Section 7 page 11 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State _ Peabody-Kernwood Addition (1935) In 1935,the purchase of a small piece of land from the Kemwood Country Club marked the final addition to Greenlawn as we know it today. This strip is located at the north end of the cemetery, and includes a portion of the east shore of Sargent Pond. The only historic resource in this area is the simple stone and concrete Sargent Pond Bridge(SAL.9027)over the outlet of Sargent Pond,which was constructed in 1943. Archaeological Description The Greenlawn Cemetery is located in an area where intense ancient Native American settlement and subsistence activities occurred. At least 28 ancient sites are recorded in the general area(within one mile) of the cemetery, including one site,the Bates School site(19-ES-345),which may extend into the cemetery. That site,collected by local avocational collectors in the 1950s, is located on the grounds of the Bates School at the fence between the school and golf course. The site has never been systematically tested, however, and may extend into the cemetery. The site's integrity is listed as fair. While findings of a gouge,chipping waste, and oyster shells have been reported,no culturally diagnostic artifacts have yet to be recovered. Environmental characteristics of the cemetery area represent locational criteria(slope, soil drainage, proximity to wetlands)that are favorable for the presence of ancient Native sites. The cemetery includes several well-drained, level to moderately sloping knolls, terraces,and other landforms that are favorable locations for ancient Native sites. Soils at the cemetery are generally sandy and well drained. Two ponds and a brook are also present within the bounds of the cemetery. Fountain Pond is located at one of the low points of the cemetery. The pond was created about 1886;and does not appear on early maps of the area. The second pond, Sargent Pond,occupies the other low point at the cemetery. It is located at the northern end of the cemetery, adjacent to Liberty Hill Avenue and Sargent Street,and is a larger body of water, dredged in the 1930s. A small brook or stream exits Sargent Pond at its northern end, draining north to the Danvers River estuary. The overall proximity of the Greenlawn Cemetery to the Danvers River,North River, Beverly Harbor, Salem Harboir,.and ultimately Massachusetts Bay would have offered ancient Native American inhabitants of the area a wide variety of floral and faunal resources for their subsistence. Given the information presented above, the presence of ancient Native American resources is verified in the cemetery area, and a moderate to high potential exists for locating additional ancient Native American resources at the Greenlawn Cemetery. Construction of the cemetery's potential sites and existing buildings, structures, and objects, combined with the excavation of more than 22,000 graves,has undoubtedly destroyed some of the potential ancient Native American resources at the cemetery; however, additional resources may exist. Deeply buried, truncated features,possibly including burials, may survive. Potential site types might include the full spectrum of types recognized for the area, from villages or large habitation sites to smaller, special purpose-type sites, including campsites and shell middens. A high potential exists for the recovery of historic archaeological sites in the Greenlawn Cemetery. There are several types of potential archaeological sites that predate the early 19th-century growth of the cemetery. Beginning in the early 17 h century,archaeological evidence of the Conant(1626)and Endecott(1628) settlements may exist in the cemetery locale;however, most of the residential settlement Section 7 page 12 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Fonn 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State for these enterprises was in the North Shore locale outside of the cemetery area. Smaller,temporary sites, used for foraging and resource-gathering activities for subsistence, and fishery activities, may,exist in the cemetery. Potential sites of boatyards and fish flakes or stages for drying fish may exist in more coastal areas for these activities, a land-use pattern that would exist in the area well into the 18h century. Any potential sites associated with these settlement and/or economic activities would be extremely valuable, since neither activity is well documented and both contributed the basis for the evolution of the city of Salem, one of the most famous fishing ports in the United States. During the 19`" century,the cemetery was added onto multiple times by the acquisition of several parcels of land.Many of these_contained 18`s-and 19th-century farmsteads that are no longer extant. Each of these farmsteads may survive as an archaeological site, containing structural evidence of a farmhouse, barn, and outbuildings,and evidence of occupational-related features(trash pits,privies, wells). Additional historical research,combined with archaeological survey and testing, can help locate unmarked graves, and gravemarkers, and document the associations between existing gravestones and actual graves. Known and unmarked graves represent the most common archaeological resource in the cemetery. Most unmarked graves may be present in the area of the"Old Cemetery,"a small area, originally about 2'h acres in size, located west of Ome Street and opposite Upham Street. The Old Cemetery was developed from 1807 to the mid 19'h century. In the late 19" century,there were said to be as many as 250 unmarked graves in the Old Cemetery area. Today the number of graves remains unknown. There are roughly 22,000 burials in the Greenlawn Cemetery, of which 16,000 predate 1964. The Old Cemetery also includes two sections of largely unmarked, single-grave public lots near Appleton Street. These areas were used to bury the indigent,victims of epidemics, accident victims,children, and those who could not afford a private lot. Unmarked graves,however, could occur anywhere in the cemetery or its immediately surrounding area. Individual graves may include skeletal remains, in addition to clothing and other personal items interred with each individual. Funerary objects,including coffin remains and artifacts associated with the initial interment(s)and later memorials,may also be present with individual and multiple interments. According to early cemetery policy, graves in public lots were unmarked, and in some instances were likely used more than once. Commemorative graves may lack below-ground burial features and contain burial monuments only. Archaeological testing may also identify head and footstones that are overgrown and presently not visible on the surface. Post molds and buried courses of stone may also be present from older fence lines and stone walls that marked the boundaries of the cemetery and groups of graves over time. Section 7 page 13 United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form . NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to,the broad patterns of our history. B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. F C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type,period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. ElD. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark"x" in all the boxes that apply.) A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes B. Removed from its original location C. A birthplace or grave D. A cemetery ❑ E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure ❑ F. A commemorative property G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years Section 8-page 14 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.) Landscape Architecture Community Planning & Development Period of Significance 1807-1964 Significant Dates 1807 (Cemetery established; earliest extant gravestone) 1894 (Construction of chapel) Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/Builder George F. Meacham (chapel architect) Philip Horton Smith (office architect) Harlan Page Kelsey (landscape designer) Section 8-page 15 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Forrn 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State I� Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria,justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.) Greenlawn Cemetery retains integrity of location, design, setting,materials, workmanship,feeling, and association, and meets Criteria A and C and Criterion Consideration D for listing in the National Register of Historic Places,with a local level of significance. Under Criterion A, the cemetery has strong associations with the history of the city of Salem. Established in 1807, it contains the graves of a number of early North Salem residents, including various members of the Symonds family. Over the years that followed, its burials are indicative of the city's increasingly ethnically diverse population. Under Criterion C,Greenlawn Cemetery reflects the evolving designs of burial grounds and funerary monuments in New England from the early 19`h century to the 20'h century. The integration of natural and built elements is a reflection of the 19`h-century Rural Cemetery Movement as adapted to a municipal cemetery. The design of the cemetery followed vernacular patterns,with various sections laid out by local surveyors and civil engineers. Considerable improvements were made to the cemetery in the 1880s and 1890s, including the erection of a Civil War Monument and the Dickson Chapel and Conservatory, designed by Newton architect George Meacham. In the 1930s,the cemetery was enhanced by the addition of extensive arboreal plantings and some manmade features funded by the federal Works Progress Administration(WPA). The various plantings were overseen by landscape designer Harlan Page Kelsey,with input from longtime commissioner and horticulturalist F. Carroll Sargent, utilizing seeds from the Arnold Arboretum in Boston. The cemetery office was designed by Salem resident Philip Horton Smith,of the Boston architectural firm of Smith&Walker. Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.) Criterion A (areas of significance: Social History and Community Planning and Development) Greenlawn Cemetery(SAL.805)is a locally important historic resource,reflecting the social history of the community from the early 191h century to the present day. This is the latest and largest of Salem's four historic public cemeteries, and its long period of use is reflected in the multiple generations of the same families that were buried here. The diverse ethnic composition of the city is also readily apparent in the names and languages recorded on the headstones and monuments. In the mid 19`h century, Salem evolved from a center of maritime prosperity to an important industrial manufacturing center, and immigrants from many countries came here seeking work. These included immigrants from French Canada, Ireland,Poland, Greece,Russia, and Sweden, and numbers of each community were buried here. The cemetery also includes those from all walks of life and social status. There are four public lots within Greenlawn that largely lack markers. In these areas,the city buried those who could not afford to pay for themselves—be they indigent,unclaimed, or the victims of accidents or epidemics. The cemetery includes sections owned by charitable organizations, such as the Association for the Relief of Aged and Destitute Women, the Union Charitable Aid Lot,the Soldiers' Widows and Orphans Society, and the Odd Fellows. There is at least one former slave buried here,Jacob Stroyer,who later became a minister and pastor of the Salem Colored Mission for 25 years. At the other end of the spectrum are the graves of Section 8-page 16 .. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 - Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State prominent local citizens, such as Walter Scott Dickson,who accumulated great wealth in the shoe industry and whose philanthropy funded the Dickson Memorial Chapel, Dickson Bridge, and Dickson Steps. Patriotism is also a strong theme, as the cemetery includes multiple veterans' lots that are each a reflection of their time, including the G.A.R. Lot and Civil War Monument,the Spanish American War Lot,the World War I Lot, the larger World War II Lot, and a recent Veterans' lot. The graves of several Revolutionary War veterans are also present,and the cemetery includes the grave of a Spanish American War Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient,John Riley. Greenlawn is unique among Salem's public cemeteries—it was the latest of the four,the largest, and is the only public cemetery reflecting the influence of the Rural Cemetery Movement. Three other public cemeteries predate Greenlawn's establishment in 1807. Laid out ca.1637, Charter Street Cemetery (SAL.806) is the oldest cemetery in Salem, and is notable for its fine array of historic gravestones ranging from the 17th to the 19th centuries. It was followed by Broad Street Cemetery(SAL.804),which was established in 1655,and Howard Street Cemetery(SAL.807)in 1801 7 Both of these are small burial grounds with many old stones. The Friends Cemetery at 396 Essex Street(SAL.803)was established in 1702, and was a small,private cemetery until the city assumed responsibility for it in 1949. Harmony Grove Cemetery(SAL.801), encompassing land in both Salem and Peabody, is a private cemetery established in 1840. Its establishment in the 19th century is a reflection of the popularity of the rural cemetery movement, and it was designed from the start with those principles in mind. Unlike Greenlawn, it contains a number of graves that were moved here from other burial grounds. It shares various similarities with Greenlawn, including a chapel,a soldiers monument, and its setting of mature trees and shrubs,but differs in its mission, being a privately owned cemetery. Criterion C (areas of significance: Landscape Architecture,Architecture) Although the design of Greenlawn Cemetery is not the work of a master landscape architect, it is still significant for its overall landscape qualities. The development of the public cemetery largely followed vernacular patterns. It is an organic composition, added onto in several phases,with each addition laid out by local surveyors or civil engineers based upon prevailing cemetery practice. In the 1880s,the cemetery underwent its most extensive alterations since its establishment. Local surveyor Henry Cook prepared a plan for the new sixteen-acre tract of land. Improvements and elements reflecting the influence of the rural cemetery movement included broad avenues and paths,walls,the expansion of the pond, and an ornamental bridge. A Civil War monument was dedicated, and an iron fence was erected along Ome Street. In the years that followed,additional features were added to the cemetery,most notably a memorial chapel and conservatory, constructed in 1894. Relatively small numbers of trees and shrubs were planted, but-the greenhouses on the property furnished extensive annuals. In the 1930s,complete plans for the future development of the cemetery were prepared by Harlan Page Kelsey. Kelsey(1872-1958)was a Salem resident and also a landscape designer,urban planner, and horticulturalist. Born in Kansas, he operated a successful nursery in Highlands,North Carolina,with his father before moving to Salem about 1912. Though lacking any formal education in landscape architecture or urban planning, Kelsey was influenced by landscape architect and urban planner Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., and shortly after his arrival,was instrumental in planning efforts in Salem in the The Broad Street,Charter Street,and Howard Street Burying Grounds are all located within National Register districts. Section 8-page 17 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Forth NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State aftermath of the 1912 fire that decimated the city. In the years that followed, Kelsey was involved with . conservation work across the country, including at Yellowstone National Park,while also heading one of the largest nursery businesses in the country. In Salem,Kelsey was responsible for many of the landscape elements at Pioneer Village,as well as the long-term preservation of Derby Wharf and its 19d- century 9d-century landscape.$ The work of several architects is represented in the cemetery. George F.Meacham (1831-1917)designed the Dickson Memorial Chapel in 1893. He was born in Watertown,Massachusetts, in 1831, and earned a B.A. from Harvard in 1853. After college,Meacham worked as a civil engineer for two years and trained with an unidentified architect before forming a partnership with Shepherd Woodcock of Somerville about 1857;the partnership lasted until about 1865,after which both men practiced individually. Meacham was based in Boston until the 1880s,when he moved his practice to Newton. He retired in 1891, making the commission for Dickson Memorial Chapel one of his later known works. Meacham is credited with nineteen projects in the Massachusetts Historical Commission database(MACRIS). Meacham's other designs include the landscape design for the Boston Public Garden in 1859, soldiers' monuments, houses, industrial buildings, libraries, and schools. He also designed a number of other religious structures, including the Central Congregational Church in Lawrence (1859,LAW.206), South Congregational Church in Boston(1862,BOS.13045),First Baptist Church in Lewiston,Maine (1869), Channing Church in Newton(1881,NWT.728),Hollis Street Church in Boston(1883,BOS.3799),and Eliot Church in Newton (ca. 1888,NWT.4237)9 Meacham favored the Gothic Revival and Victorian Gothic Revival styles as was utilized at Greenlawn,and like Dickson Chapel,the Channing Church is constructed of brownstone with sandstone trim. Philip Horton Smith(1890-1960)was the architect who designed the Greenlawn Cemetery Office in 1933. Smith graduated from Salem High School in 1907,and received a B.A. from Harvard in architecture in 1911. He initially worked in the office of Kilham,Hopkins&Greeley, and in 1921 formed a partnership with Edgar T.P.Walker, formerly with Cram &Ferguson. The firm of Smith & Walker designed many of Salem's finest early 20`h-century structures, and many were built in the Colonial Revival style. Smith's works in Salem include the Hawthorne Hotel,the bandstand on the Salem Common, the Tabernacle Church on Washington Street, and the Salem Post Office. He was also credited with saving and restoring Salem's Old Town Hall.10 There is little documentation regarding the individual monuments in the cemetery. A few of the larger monuments were manufactured by well-known out-of-state firms. The white-bronze Civil War monument was'made by the Monumental Bronze Co. of Bridgeport, Connecticut, and the LO.O.F. Monument was made by Smith Granite Company of Westerly, Rhode Island. Very few other markers in the cemetery have the markings of their makers. The ca. 1920 Moustakis Family Monument is inscribed "Kimball Brothers,"but nothing else is known about the craftsmen. Most of the gravestones in the cemetery were likely purchased from a local stone carver. Directories indicate that there were a number of Salem stonecutters manufacturing gravestones and monuments in the late 19u'century, although they have not been specifically tied to markers at Greenlawn. These local stonecutters include James S. Butler,J.H.Merrill, and T. Morgan,who are all listed in the 1876 directory. Charles E. Curtis began operations on Lafayette Street in 1886 and was still in business into the 20'h century. N. T. Clark was active in the 1880s; the business was taken over by O'Rourke Brothers about 1890. For a time,the e John Goff,"Leaving a Legacy: Conservationist Harlan Page Kelsey,"August 16,2007. e Massachusetts Historical Commission(MACRIS),and Earle G. Shettleworth,ed.and Roger Reed,assoc. ed.,"A Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Maine: George F.Meacham," 1984. 10 John Goff,"Recalling Smith&Walker,"February 1,2008. Section 8-page 18 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - NPS Form 10-900 . OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State O'Rourke company also operated as Metropolitan Granite at 73 North Street. O'Rourke Brothers is still . in business at that address today, about a half mile from Greenlawn Cemetery. Salem History Salem,Massachusetts was first settled by Europeans in 1626 when a group of fishermen from nearby Cape Ann, led by Roger Conant,arrived. The settlement was first called"Naumkeag,"taking its name from the Native American word meaning"fishing place,"and was the first town established in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Within a few years the name"Salem,"derived from the Hebrew word for "peace,"was adopted. By the early 19'b century, Salem was already one of North America's major mercantile ports,trading with Europe,Africa,and the Far East. Cod and rum were important local exports. Trade in pepper was a major source of wealth for Salem's mariners, and whaling was another significant local industry. Salem's maritime-dominated prosperity lasted until Jefferson's 1807 embargo on shipping and the War of 1812. In the later 19'"and 20'h centuries, various local industries fueled the economy. Greenlawn Cemetery is located in North Salem,originally known as"Northfields." Separated by the North River from the principal town center on the central peninsula,this area was used by early residents for farming and animal grazing. North Bridge in North Salem is of historical importance as the site of Leslie's Retreat on February 26, 1775,the first instance of colonial resistance to British authority in the Revolutionary War. Members of the Symonds family owned land in Northfields as early as 1665. John Symonds built the first house in North Salem." A later member of the family, also named John Symonds,was the first to be recorded as being buried in what is now Greenlawn Cemetery, and he also formerly owned land that became part of the cemetery.12 Many members of the Symonds family are buried at Greenlawn. North Salem also has a long tradition in horticulture. Robert Manning, one of the country's leading authorities on fruit, established his famous pomological gardens at 33 Dearborn Street(east of Greenlawn Cemetery) in 1823. Orchard Street,first listed in the 1872 Salem Directory,was named in honor of Manning's orchards. Manning's Book of Fruit(1838)was an important reference work on the growing of pears, cherries, and other fruits in New England. In the early 19th century, another horticulturist, Charles F. Putnam, lived and worked in the neighborhood. In the early 1840s,the Putnams were known for growing roses; each June their 500-600 varieties were a great attraction. They also produced frits and strawberries. Charles Putnam lived on Ome Street and sold fruit and ornamental trees. The greenhouse and gardens were on Appleton Street,and in 1864 this land became part of Greenlawn.13 To the north of Greenlawn Cemetery, in 1844, Col. Francis Peabody built a magnificent country estate of more than 150 acres,which he called"Kemwood." The grounds around the Gothic Revival mansion were landscaped with a variety of fruit trees and gardens. Here he also experimented with flax plants, which were instrumental in the later development of his thriving jute factory.14 Banker and politician Joseph Cabot 11 Eben B. Symonds. Genealogy of the Symonds Family,n.d.,P.1 (Phillips Libra rY.) 12 Joseph Felt,p.21. 13 Salem Garden Club, Old Salem Gardens, 1946. No known remnants of Putnam's horticultural operations survive at Greenlawn today. 14 In the 1870s,Kemwood was owned by General Horace Binney Sargent,a Boston lawyer. Sargent Street is first mentioned in the 1876 Salem Directory. Kentwood was later acquired by S.Endicott Peabody. In 1914,the estate was sold to a Boston group that converted the property to a private country club. Today's clubhouse reportedly includes parts of the fust floor of the Peabody mansion. Section 8-page 19 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form _ NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State had a summer estate in North Salem. From 1852 to 1857 he was president of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Cabot was especially known for his 600 varieties of tulips.15 Cemetery History Established in 1807, Greenlawn Cemetery is the fourth-oldest public cemetery in Salem. The oldest cemetery in Salem,Charter Street Cemetery,was laid out ca.1637,and was followed by Broad Street Cemetery, established in 1655, and Howard Street Cemetery in 1801. By the early 19d'century,the population of Northfields had expanded sufficiently to merit its own cemetery. In 1807, the Board of Selectmen appointed a committee to find a suitable burying ground. That same year the town acquired 2'h acres of land with a narrow frontage on Ome Street. Capt. John Symonds, Revolutionary War soldier, who died on August 21, 1807 at the age of 82,was the first to be interred in the burying ground. (Note: Early records refer to what is now Greenlawn as the Old Burying Ground, Orne Street Burying Ground, Orne Street Cemetery,North Salem Cemetery or the North Field Cemetery. For the sake of clarity in this document,the cemetery shall be referred to as Greenlawn Cemetery.)Another Revolutionary War veteran, Capt. Robert Foster—who commanded the patriots at North Bridge on February 26, 1775, and was first Master of the Essex Masonic Lodge—was buried here in 1814 with full Masonic rights. Not far away is the grave of Jonathan Edward Symonds,who was the first member of the Essex Lodge of Odd Fellows to die. By the 1830s, cemeteries across the country were being influenced by what is known as the rural cemetery movement. Inspired by the English Garden movement and the growing popularity of horticulture, simple,barren burial grounds gave way to more pleasant cemeteries intended to retain natural features and aspired to be places of natural beauty, with added roads and paths that followed the natural contours of the land. These new rural cemeteries were established on the peripheries of cities,and were created by municipalities or private organizations rather than churches. Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge(1832) is credited as America's first rural or garden cemetery, and was followed by Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia(1836)and Green-wood Cemetery in Brooklyn(1838). In Salem, a new rural(private)cemetery, Harmony Grove,was laid out in North Salem in 1840,a short distance from what is now Greenlawn Cemetery. Harmony Grove Cemetery was established by private entities at the same time that the city's public burial grounds were nearing capacity. What is now.Greenlawn Cemetery was expanded in 1846 after Thomas Symonds, Jr. purchased a piece of land adjacent to the burial ground from Benjamin S. Symonds, currier, for$250.16 The land was later laid out by Charles E. Symonds into 32 lots,which were sold at$10 each. Thomas Symonds petitioned the city to enclose the area, and the entrance was near North Street. Figure 1 depicts the size of the cemetery after the 1846 acquisition(page 41). In 1864, an adjacent thirteen-acre parcel of land was sold at auction after the death of its owner, Charles F. Putnam, who had used the land as a nursery. M. Gardner Symonds, an alderman,purchased the land for$11,000,and subsequently sold it to the city for the same price in order to expand the cemetery. In 1865 it was set apart as an addition to the old burying ground. Joseph Foster, a civil engineer, laid out the lots. In 1872, 8,000 square feet of land was set aside as a Soldiers' Lot(G.A.R. Lot)for the burial of soldiers. During this period,what is now Greenlawn Cemetery saw little in the way of maintenance or improvement. The old cemetery became nearly covered with scrub trees and underbrush. There were IS Jeanne Stella,"How did Nursery Street get its name,"Salem News,October 16,2012. ' 16 Essex County Registry of Deeds, 1846,Book 367,Page 209. Section 8-page 20 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property - County and State reportedly 250 unmarked graves, some so old that no one knew who lay there.17 At some point a brick . receiving tomb was built on the new land, adjacent to the southwest corner of the G.A.R. lot. It was removed in the early 200i century. In 1881 the local newspaper reported: "The spirit of public improvement entered the old cemetery and operations commenced for a better appearance of things.i18 Under the supervision of the Committee on Public Property,trees were cut down and underbrush was cut back in 1879. Stumps and rocks were removed, and the ground was plowed and leveled. In 1881,25 or 30 new trees were planted(the type is not specified), and about 4,000 loads of gravel were used to fill and grade the low ground adjacent to the Appleton Street entrance gate. This allowed new lots to be set out.19 New lots and graves were sodded and graded, and granite posts were added at comers of roadways. A large piece of land was set aside for planting purposes to house choice plants and flowers. A drinking fountain was installed in the center, with four gravel paths from the outer compass leading to the fountain.20 A water feature, Fountain Pond, was created, the road around it was graded, and the gravel pit on the property was filled. Forty-two lots were sold in 1881, 40 in 1882,29 in 1883, and 26 in 1884, leaving only 44 remaining for sale. l All of these improvements were completed before Memorial Day in 1884,when a parade that ended at the cemetery took place. The Odd Fellows also erected a monument in 1884. Sometime that same year,the cemetery was renamed Greenlawn. In July of 1884,the city purchased a sixteen-acre portion of the Leavitt Farm from S.Endicott Peabody for$16,000, for the purpose of enlarging Greenlawn Cemetery. 2 The parcel of land stretched from Ome Street to Liberty Hill Street,north of the Putnam addition, and included several buildings as well as an orchard. The following spring, work began clearing the land and Henry A. Cook,a local surveyor/civil engineer,prepared a plan for the whole tract. Initially, 243 additional lots were laid out with the idea that other lots could be laid out as needed, according to the plan 23 In August of 1886, $27,000 was appropriated to carry out the plan for the Leavitt land, and local contractors Parsons&Peterson were retained." Broad avenues and paths were built, drainage installed, Fountain Pond was enlarged on land acquired from the Leavitt Farm, and new walls were built 25 In 1886, a white-bronze Soldiers' Monument was also erected by the Sons of Veterans in the Grand Army Lot(part of the Putnam land)at Greenlawn. The cost of the monument was $3,000, and it was manufactured by the Monumental Bronze Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut. This was the first Civil War memorial erected in the city,and it was dedicated with great ceremony on November 5, 1886. Expansion of the cemetery required extensive earthmoving.An orchard containing 70 large trees was cut down in 188726 A hillside was also leveled to fill a large hollow. A narrow-gauge railroad, including 700 feet of track and a trestle 400 feet long,was constructed to remove muck from the hillside and bring "Rita L.Pitcoff,"Greenlawn Cemetery: Salem's`Botannical Garden," 1981,Essex Institute Historical Collections,pp.4647. a"Ome Street Cemetery,"Salem Gazette,May 6, 188 1. ]z Salem City Documents, 1881,p. 127. 20 Ibid. 21 Salem City Documents, 1884,p. 108. 22 Salem City Documents, 1885,p.22. See also Essex County Registry of Deeds Book 1153,pp 288-289. " Salem City Documents, 1886,p.35. 24 Salem City Documents, 1886,p. 139. 25 Ibid. 26 Salem City Documents, 1887,p. 157. Section 8-page 21 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State in gravel. A stone crusher was obtained from Boston to speed the work in the old gravel pit on Liberty . Hill Avenue.27 In 1887, an iron fence was erected on Ome Street according to plans and specifications of Columbus K. Rogers, pattern maker and draughtsman. Salem machinist Zina Goodell manufactured the fence. The fence was 1,086 feet long, including the entrances. The same year an ornamental bridge was built over the pond 28 In 1888, 75 trees and shrubs were planted 29 Two hundred graves were dug in 1888, followed by 310 the following year. In 1891 a new section of cemetery was laid out near the pond, and several lots were sold to the Society for the Relief of Aged and Destitute Women of Salem.30 The following year,all the roadways in the cemetery were covered with screened gravel that came from the gravel pit on the grounds.31 In November 1892,an offer was received from local resident Walter Scott Dickson to build a chapel and hothouse(conservatory) in memory of his wife, Georgia,who had died the previous year. The couple lived at 2 Mason Street in North Salem and had no children. W. S.Dickson had accumulated his wealth in the leather sole industry in Lynn. Set on a low hill in the eastern part of the cemetery,the stone,High Victorian Gothic-style chapel was designed by architect George F.Meacham of Newton(1831-1917). He was born in Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1831, and earned a B. A. from Harvard in 1853. After college, Meacham worked as a civil engineer for two years and trained with an unidentified architect before forming a partnership with Shepherd Woodcock of Somerville about 1857;the partnership lasted until about 1865,after which time both men practiced individually. Meacham practiced in Boston until the 1880s, when he moved his practice to Newton. He retired in 1891,making the commission for Dickson Memorial Chapel one of his later known works. Earlier in his career, Meacham designed other churches in Newton and Boston. The chapel was dedicated on May 17, 1894. The 35-by-50-foot conservatory adjacent to the chapel was built at the same time, erected by Thomas W. Weathered & Sons of New York. The conservatory was filled with tropical and other unusual plants, and contained two miniature ponds where goldfish swam. Slate slabs ran around the edge of the conservatory, and just inside the vestibule a large, irregularly shaped stone was set in the walk. The stone had been in Mr. Dickson's family for many years, and bore furrows related to its former use as a cheese press and later a cider press. The interior arrangement of the conservatory,which included ferns and palms,was the work of Henry Ross,who apparently worked at the Newton cemetery. He was assisted by Nils Mason, who was probably a decorator.32 Completion of the chapel inspired other improvements to the grounds. Following the completion of Dickson Chapel,three buildings nearby, which were remnants from the previous farms,were removed and replaced by a new building to be used as a carriage shed. Construction of a greenhouse was begun, and an old building that had been a piggery was remodeled and fitted as a toolhouse (no longer extant). The 1894 City Report also notes that the grounds were decorated with 12,000 flowers and shrubs 33 27 Pitcoff,p.48. 21 Salem City Documents, 1887,pp. 157-8. The designer of the bridge is not known. 29 Salem City Documents, 1888,p. 143. 30 Salem City Documents, 1891,p. 177 Salem City Documents, 1892,p. 147. s2"Dickson Chapel Dedicated,"Salem Evening News,May 18, 1894. " Salem City Documents, 1894. Section 8-page 22 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Throughout Greenlawn,the avenues are named for trees, and the paths for shrubs and vines. Iron avenue markers were fabricated for the cemetery beginning in 1894. Thirteen were erected in 1894,with an additional 126,denoting the names of paths and avenues, installed in 1895. In 1898 a new 20-by-60-foot greenhouse was constructed, and a ten-foot extension was added to the old greenhouse.The greenhouses enabled the cemetery to produce all young plants on site and were located near the conservatory. Shortly after the turn of the century,Greenlawn Cemetery was expanded by two additional acquisitions. In 1901,the Potter Farm at the southwest comer of Sargent and Ome streets was purchased for$13,500 34 In addition to nine acres of land,the property included a house,a bam, and a gravel pit . Soon thereafter the city purchased the C. A.Putnam.lot,measuring about 1.3 acres, at the south end of the cemetery at the corner of Appleton and Ome streets. The fence that had previously separated the property from the cemetery was removed, and trees and vegetation were cleared to prepare for setting it into lots.35 A number of shrubs and trees were relocated from the lot to other locations in the cemetery.3' Following the purchase of the Putnam property,a new entrance was constructed at the intersection of Appleton and Ome streets in 1903,at a cost of$4,000. Metropolitan Granite was awarded the contract for the stonework,while Paul B.Patten was responsible for the gates and fence.37 The house and some small outbuildings on the former Leavitt Farm were sold and torn down in 1905. The house stood roughly in front of the present Cemetery Office. At the same time, an "old house" in the cemetery, which was occupied by an employee,was sold and disposed of,making room for more lots along Orne Street 38 In order to make land for more lots,the meadow in the north part of the cemetery bad to be leveled and required twelve feet of fill,making it the most expensive expansion project to date. 39 The small brick receiving tomb,which had been built some time after the Putnam land was acquired in 1856,and was located west of the Soldiers Monument,was replaced in 1906 by a new 25-foot-square underground receiving tomb, constructed on the north side of the chapel. The new vault was constructed by J. J. Welch&Co., according to plans prepared by George Ashton, City Engineer. It was constructed of concrete and contained 42 crypts with slate fronts separated by slate partitions. The roof was supported by steel girders. Above ground nothing was visible but skylights in the roof and the roof of the hoist 40 Few other projects were undertaken in the early 201n century, other than the erection of a new iron fence and gateway on the Appleton Street side in 1918. The 1920s continued to see strong demand for lots in the cemetery. In 1920, about 300 single graves were laid out on Anemone Path and Red Bud Avenue(southwest of the present Sargent Pond). At the same time, 48 grave lots were laid out on Ash Avenue and Lotus Path 41 In December 1926 the barn buildings in the cemetery were heavily damaged by fire, but they were rebuilt the following year. Funds from the Dickson Endowment resulted in the construction of a new concrete bridge across Fountain Pond in 1928. The designer is not known. The following year the Dickson steps, which lead down to Fountain Pond,were installed. Additional sections of the cemetery continued to be 34 See Essex County Registry of Deeds Book 1625,Page 399 and Book 1639,Page 274. 35 Salem City Documents, 1901,p. 162. se Salem City Documents, 1902,p. 138. 37 Salem City Documents, 1903,p. 151 "Salem City Documents, 1905,p. 184. Location of old house is not known; it does not appear on 1897 map. 39 Salem City Documents, 1906,p. 120 40 Ibid. 41 Salem City Documents, 1920,p. 101. Section 8-page 23 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State laid out for new graves. In 1927 there were 36 new ten-by-twenty-foot lots and 20 new fifteeri twenty-foot lots. An additional 252 new single graves were laid out in 1928. Budget tightening during the Depression eliminated all cutting of grass and maintenance in the cemetery. In 1932, care of the city's cemeteries was transferred from the Department of Public Property to a newly organized,three-member Board of Cemetery Commissioners, consisting of Ralph B. Harris, George Farrington, and Michael F. McGrath 42 Under the new cemetery commissioners, Greenlawn once again received the attention it deserved. In January 1932, architect and Salem native Philip.Horton Smith, of the Boston architectural firm of Smith &Walker,visited Dickson Chapel with Cemetery Commissioner Ralph B. Harris,with a view to possibly making changes to the interior. Writing to Harris, Smith noted the"low standards of architecture prevailing"when the chapel was built and dismissed the interior as "very bad"and giving"no effect of dignity,peace or refinement" Smith recommended various changes to the chapel, including covering the walls with hand-troweled plaster, covering over on the interior the small triangular dormers,removing all the so-called"Tiffany glass" in the nave and side windows and replacing it with light-toned cathedral glass,changing the clear glass looking out to the conservatory in order to make the chapel more appropriate for religious purposes without the distraction of the exotic plants, wiring the structure for electricity and installing electric fixtures,and replacing all the furniture "which is in the worst of bad taste...so nervous and unpleasant in effect."43 In a letter a few weeks later, Smith describes a revised scope of work to consist of installing country pine roof sheathing, plastering two coats on the chapel walls,the renewal of the tympani over the doors to the conservatory, renewing the side windows including the leaded glass and clear glass over the doors, new treatment of the pews and altar chairs including stripping,bleaching and refinishing, and a new lectern.44 The work on the chapel never took place, but Philip Horton Smith was also given the task to design a small office building for the cemetery in 1932. After briefly considering constructing the building close to the main entrance near North Street, it was decided to site the building near the center of activity: the chapel, greenhouses, and stable/barn building remaining from the Leavitt Farm. Drawings and specifications for the office, as constructed,are in the collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society41 Specifications for the building included the use of slate from Monson,Maine, or reused slate from the Masonic Building in Salem4 Pitman and Brown served as contractors. The building was substantially complete in February 1933. In December 1934, Smith & Walker also designed a new entrance gateway and fences for the Ome Street entrance leading to the office, with brick walls and cast- stone balled caps on the pillars. Late in 1934 planning also began for a new greenhouse structure and potting shed to be constructed over the foundations of the Leavitt stable/batm,just behind the office. Most of the old stone walls were removed so that a garage and storage area could be constructed on the lower level of the gable-roofed 42 Ralph Harris died in 1933 and was replaced by longtime commissioner F. C. Carroll Sargent(1880-1969). 43 Letter from Philip Horton Smith to Ralph B.Harris,January 11, 1932. Massachusetts Historical Society collection. The term"Tiffany" was used loosely;there is no evidence that the colored stained glass had any connection to Tiffany&Co. - 44 Letter from Philip Horton Smith to Ralph B.Harris,Feb.26, 1932. Massachusetts Historical Society collection. Correspondence from Smith notes that he had consulted with Beaumont&Aughtie of Boston regarding the stained glass and that drawings and specs were prepared for three new aisle windows,but no such documents were found in the Massachusetts Historical Society materials. 4s The Philip Horton Smith materials also include sketches for an earlier,gable-roofed,Tudor design that was not constructed. 46 It would appear that the Masonic Building was being demolished,but this has not been confirmed. Section 8-page 24 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Forth - NPS Fonn 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property' County and State greenhouse. This building was also designed by Smith& Walker,working with Lord&Burnham Co., greenhouse designers. During this same period, extensive changes were made to the cemetery grounds as well. Complete plans for the future development of the cemetery were prepared by Harlan P. Kelsey, Inc. Harlan Page Kelsey (1872 -1958)was a nationally influential figure who came to Salem about 1903,relocating from Highlands,North Carolina,where he operated a successful nursery. Though lacking in formal education in landscape architecture or urban planning,he was well-versed in the work of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. and the Olmsted tradition of urban planning, landscape architecture, and conservation. In 1903 Kelsey, landscape designer and nurseryman,and Irving T. Guild, architect, formed a partnership with an office in Boston. Among their collaborations were plans for the beautification and improvement of Columbia and Greenville, South Carolina.47 By 1905 Kelsey was president of the Appalachian Mountain Club, and as such directed the anti-billboard and smoke suppression work of the American Civic Association.48 He also helped establish the Shenandoah National Park in Virginia. As a Salem resident, Kelsey served on the Salem Planning Board(he is credited with having written the first annual report of the Salem Planning Commission in 1912)and was head of the Civic League of Salem. During this period he was also actively managing one of the largest nursery businesses in the country: Kelsey-Highland Nursery in East Boxford. Kelsey was also heavily involved in the protection of historic sites, including Derby Wharf in Salem. Kelsey sat on the American Joint Commission on Horticultural Nomenclature,which published its Standardized Plant Names,a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce, in 1923 and 1942. The volume, used by nurserymen, seedsmen, catalogue makers,and park superintendents throughout the country, was intended to avoid the confusion commonly caused by the lack of a standard of a binominal name for any given plant. Kelsey also had a close working relationship with various staff at the Arnold Arboretum in Jamaica Plain, including long-time director Charles Sprague Sargent(d.1927), E. H. Wilson and Alfred Rehder. The Arnold Arboretum's large plantation of Carolina hemlocks was a gift from Kelsey's nursery, and for many years he supplied stock free of charge,with the Arboretum reciprocating most liberally with cuttings and the like.49 Arnold Arboretum records show that both Kelsey and longtime Cemetery Commissioner F. Carroll Sargent received plants, seeds, and grafts over the years. It is not known how many of these, if any, found their way to Greenlawn. Funded by the Emergency Relief Administration,WPA workers completed a number of projects in the cemetery, including the installation of drains, resurfacing the avenues,and laying out new lots that were seeded and sodded, as well as supplying a water system. All service wires were put underground, and the old stone fountain in Fountain Pond was replaced by a single jet. During their first year,the cemetery commissioners reported that $4,000 had been spent on planting trees and shrubs.A round planting bed was laid out in front of the office building, and additional large trees were installed near the chapel. In some cases, mature trees were transplanted from other locations, including a.32-foot-tall Tilia Cordata, which was moved from the home of Mrs.A. Bigelow at 142 Loring Avenue in Salem to Greenlawn in October 1932.50 4' How long this partnership lasted is not known. 41 Jon A.Peterson, The Birth of City Planning in the United States, 1840-1917(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,2003), p. 384. 49 Letter from Harlan Kelsey to Dr.G.D.Merrill,Director of Arnold Arboretum,Oct.20, 1939,Arnold Arboretum Library. '0 photographs at the Boxford Historic Document Center. Section 8-page 25 United States Department of the Interior - ' National Park Service I National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property - County and State During 1934 all steps and concrete borders marking family plots were removed throughout the cemetery,_ and the old section was leveled and seeded. Paths that had been gravel were sodded in order to give the cemetery a parklike appearance. In the Soldiers' Lot the markers were placed flush with the ground. What had been a peaty bog was transformed into a small body of water,now known as Sargent Pond. In 1934,Harlan Kelsey supervised the WPA workers in the planting of 214 conifers and evergreens, 134 deciduous trees, 120 flowering trees, 571 deciduous shrubs, 100 broadleaf evergreens, and 171 vines and ferns.51 In 1935 the cemetery commissioners' report stated: "A large assortment of seeds of shrubs and trees has been received from the Arnold Arboretum which we have planted with a view of raising for ourselves some of the unusual and interesting specimens.,,52 In 1937,45 varieties of oak trees were started at Greenlawn,together with some seeds of unusual shrubs contributed by the Arnold Arboretum. The cemetery commissioners' report notes that"If this policy is carried out over a period of S3ears it will not be long before we have a landscape planting of unusual interest as well as great beauty." s In 1935,the purchase of a small piece of land owned by Peabody/Kernwood Country Club marked the final addition to Greenlawn as we know it today. Greenlawn's boundaries were now Ome Street, Sargent Street, Liberty Hill Avenue,and Appleton Street. A chain-link fence was installed in 1937 around the new part of the cemetery that was open. A gate was installed at the main entrance that same year. In 1941 an arborist was first hired to tend to the cemetery, and the following year the arborist(Nathan C. Clark)prepared an exhaustive list of the trees, shrubs,conifers, and broad-leaved evergreens that were then growing in the cemetery.54 A small concrete culvert/bridge was built over the outlet of the pond in 1943." Also in 1943 another section of the cemetery was surveyed, and bound stones were set for 196 individual grave lots and 326 four-grave lots. A lot for the burial of soldiers from World War II or any other war was also set aside and plotted 56 The road around Sargent Pond was paved in 1952" In 1946, a booklet on gardens in Salem indicated that Greenlawn Cemetery,had"become an arboretum where 12,000 specimens have been planted, including unusual varieties of trees and shrubs not often found in this locality."" Writing in 1948,longtime cemetery commissioner and horticulturalist F. Carroll Sargent noted that the WPA-era plantings at Greenlawn were finally well established. "Now,after 15 years of development, definite results are beginning to be felt. Many plants that were planted as young material have come to flowering size and some of the rare and unusual shrubs that we have raised from seed have reached maturity."59 Adding to the beauty of the permanent plantings were annuals grown in the greenhouses on the premises and set out in beds by Memorial Day. Beginning in the 1940s,the annual Chrysanthemum Show in Greenlawn Cemetery was held each November and attracted thousands of visitors.60 In 1954 the City Report notes that metal signs on iron standards were installed to mark all 51Salem City Documents, 1934,p. 97. 52 Salem City Documents, 1935,p. 81. 59 Salem City Documents, 1937,p. 31. Type of unusual shrubs is not specified. "The list is in the collection of the Phillips Library,Peabody Essex Museum. It does not indicate the specific location of the various trees and shrubs within the cemetery,but does indicate how many there were of each type. No additional information has been found concerning Nathan C.Clark,his training,or his connections to the Arboretum. Salem City Documents, 1941,p. 161. s6 Salem City Documents 1942,p. 120-122. 5'Pitcoff,p. 51. "Salem Garden Club. Old Salem Gardens, 1946. s9 Salem Evening News,March 29, 1948. 60 The show continued into the 1970s. In 1973, there were 400 plants in 175 varieties. Section 8-page 26 I United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Fan 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property - County and State the paths in the cemetery. ' That same year,Hurricane Carol felled 106 trees in the cemetery and badly damaged the conservatory, which was repaired the following year at a cost of$7,444. In the 1960s,there were at least 170 new burials at Greenlawn each year. The deteriorated conservatory adjacent to the chapel was removed about 1982, leaving only the foundation. By the 1980s the glazing on the larger greenhouse behind the office was also largely broken or missing. The glass was replaced ca.1990, but by about 2007 the greenhouse was enclosed with metal siding and translucent panels to make it weatherproof. It is not known when the smaller greenhouse was removed. Today, Greenlawn Cemetery remains an active municipal cemetery, more than 200 years after its original establishment. An Historic Preservation Maintenance Plan for Greenlawn Cemetery was prepared by Finch&Rose in August 1998. The size of the maintenance staff has been greatly reduced over the years, and there is no longer a certified arborist devoted to Greenlawn. A neighborhood group,Friends of Greenlawn,was formed in May 2012 to help restore,beautify, and maintain Greenlawn Cemetery now and in the future through grants,funding,and public awareness. The group has sponsored a number of tours, bird walks, and fundraisers,and is also developing, in cooperation with Mass in Motion Salem,an inventory of the trees at Greenlawn.62 Archaeological Significance Although numerous ancient Native American sites have been recorded in the Salem area, few sites have been systematically studied, making inter-and intra-site comparisons difficult. As a result,much of our knowledge of the area's ancient history focuses on locational characteristics of the sites,often with little cultural information. Any ancient sites that survive can add substantive information for Native sites in the area, contributing to research topics such as the general occupation and exploitation of the coastal region of southem Essex County and the effects of sea-level rise on those activities. Recent preliminary professional studies of ancient sites in the Salem Neck/Winter Island area indicate several of the known sites in this locale are significant and eligible individually for inclusion in the National Register, or as part of a Salem Neck/Winter Island archaeological district. The district could be expanded to include the entire area of the Salem Harbor ecosystem. Historic archaeological resources described above have the potential to contribute detailed information on the social, cultural, and economic patterns that reflect much of Salem's community history throughout most of the 19fl' and 20`n centuries. Archaeological resources could contribute important information on Salem's resident population, from its working class to more affluent citizens. The original 2.5 acres of the cemetery was created in 1807, comprising the section west of Ome Street and opposite Upham Street. Additional documentary research, combined with archaeological survey and testing within and around the current boundary of the cemetery,may identify the full range of graves present at Greenlawn Cemetery. Unmarked graves may exist, and the current pattem of the gravestones may not, in every instance,reflect their actual placement. Gravestones were frequently removed from older cemeteries and then later replaced, at times in different locations. Discrepancies between head and footstones have also been explained by their relocation,possibly in the course of replacing vandalized stones. Gravestones were 6' Salem City Documents, 1954,p.42. It is not clear how many new signs were installed;the design of the signs has remained unchanged since the 1890s. 6'Mass in Motion Salem is a health,wellness,and leadership program of the Office of Mayor Kimberley Driscoll. See htW7//batch-,eo.com/map/0384f3cd8O3214e6blfcOO822258ccI 7 for the Greenlawn Tree Inventory. Section 8-page 27 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0019 _ Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State also erected as commemorative markers by descendants of individuals after their deaths. This scenario _ has been observed at other burial grounds in Massachusetts, and may have been used for some burials at the Greeenlawn Cemetery. Archaeological research can help identify these graves,as well as later unmarked graves resulting from stolen, damaged,and overgrown stones. Nineteenth-and early 20'b- century unmarked graves representing paupers and unknown persons may also be present. Archaeological research can also be used to help test the accuracy of existing boundaries of the cemetery. Existing bounds may not accurately represent the actual boundaries of the cemetery. Some burials, possibly those of unknown persons, paupers, or other indigent persons,may have been intentionally buried outside the cemetery's boundary. Artifact distributions associated with funerary or memorial services for specific individuals at their time of death,or individuals and groupings of individuals (possibly families) at a later date,may also be present. While the sites for some of the cemetery's former structures are historically known, and other structures are still extant,additional documentary research,combined with archaeological survey and testing, may locate structural evidence of hams, stables maintenance buildings, and outbuildings associated with the operation and maintenance of the cemetery. Occupational-related features(trash pits,privies,wells)may also be present. Detailed analysis of the contents of these features may contribute important information on the social, cultural, and economic characteristics of cemetery workers,and Salem residents who came to Greenlawn Cemetery to pay their respects to the dead. Much of the above information can be obtained through unobtrusive archaeological research. That is, information can be obtained by mapping artifact concentrations and the locations of features such as grave shafts and post molds without disturbing actual skeletal remains. Remote-sensing research techniques might also contribute useful information. Social, cultural, and economic information relating to the 191h-through 20'h-century Salem settlement can be obtained in this manner; however,more detailed studies can be implemented through the actual excavation of burials and their analysis. Osteological studies of individuals interred at the cemetery have the potential to contribute a wealth of information relating to the overall physical appearance of the town's inhabitants,their occupations, nutrition, pathologies, and causes of death. This information can also be used to determine the actual number of individuals interred at the cemetery. Osteological information can provide details about the inhabitants of a community during periods when written records are rare or nonexistent. The paucity of written records is especially common for minority members of the community, including Native Americans,African Americans, and European immigrants. The overall context of the grave, including material culture remains, can contribute information on burial practices,religious beliefs,economic status, family structure, and numerous other topics relating to the individual,their socioeconomic group,and the overall settlement. Section 8-page 28 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic.Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.) "Addition to Cemetery."Salem Evening News, September 22, 1886. Arnold Arboretum Archives,Jamaica Plain,MA. Correspondence from Harlan Kelsey,plant orders by Harlan Kelsey and F. Carroll Sargent. Boxford Historic Document Center,Boxford,MA. Information on Harlan P.Kelsey(including early 1930s photographs of Greenlawn Cemetery). "Cemetery Gate Hearing."Salem Evening News, August 25, 1887. City of Salem,Annual Reports&City Documents. Clark,Nathan C. "Plant List of Trees, Shrubs, Conifers, and Broad Leaved Evergreens including Vines and Groundcovers now growing at Greenlawn Cemetery."Typewritten list, dated Dec. 1, 1942. Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem. "Death of Supt. Henry A. Cook."Salem Evening News,January 11, 1905. "Dedication of Dickson Chapel."Salem Evening News, May 18, 1894. "Description of Dickson Chapel."Salem Evening News, May 17, 1894. Essex County Registry of Deeds, Salem, Massachusetts. "F.C. Carroll Sargent, Salem Horticulturist,Dies in N.H."Salem Evening News,July 14, 1969. Felt,Joseph B. Annals of Salem,vol. 2, 2nd ed. Salem: W. & S.B. Ives, 1849. Finch&Rose. Salem Historic Preservation Maintenance Plan for Greenlawn Cemetery, August 15, 1998. Ford,Benjamin J. "Greenlawn Cemetery: In the Shadow of Change."Paper prepared for Department of History, Salem State University, 2013. Friends of Greenlawn. "Greenlawn Cemetery: A walk through Greenlawn is an aesthetic and historic experience, it is truly Salem's Botannical Garden."Oct. 2013. "George F. Meacham dead,was old-time architect."Boston Globe,December 5, 1917,p. 10. Goff, John. "Leaving a legacy: Conservationist Harlan Page Kelsey."August 16, 2007. http://www wickedlocal com/salem/news/lifestyle/columnists/x574735146 Section 9-end-page 29 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Greenlawn Cemetery,Burial Records. "Greenlawn Cemetery: Description of the Improvements Now in Progress."Salem Evening News, September 22, 1886. "Greenlawn Cemetery Is Beauty Spot."Salem Evening News, March 29, 1948. "Life among the dead."Salem News, June 30, 1989. Malionek,Ron(Greenlawn Cemetery Superintendent). Interviews, 2013-2014 with Lisa Mausolf. Massachusetts Historical Commission. Massachusetts Cultural Resource Information System(MACRIS). http://mhc-macris.net/ Massachusetts Historical Society. Philip Horton Smith,Architectural Papers, ca. 1900-1960. Greenlawn Cemetery Information,Carton 8 and miscellaneous drawings. Mausolf,Lisa. Inventory form for Greenlawn Cemetery,August 1998. "Orne Street Cemetery."Salem Gazette,May 6, 188 1. Peterson,Jon A. The Birth of City Planning in the United States, 1840-1917. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum. Photographic Collection. Pitcoff,Rita L. "Greenlawn Cemetery: Salem's"Botannical Garden."Essex Institute Historical Collections,January 1981. "Recalling Smith&Walker." February 1, 2008. http://www.wickedlocal.com/salem/news/lifestyle/columnists/xl 059372894?zc_p=1 Salem Garden Club. Old Salem Gardens. Salem: 1946. Shettleworth,Earle G.ed., and Roger Reed,assoc. ed. "George F. Meacham(1831-1917).A Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Maine, Maine Historic Preservation Commission, 1984. Smith,Bonnie Hurd. "Kate Tannatt Woods." Salem Women's History website. http:// salemwomenshistory.com/Kate—Tannatt—Woods.html. Stella, Jeanne. "How did Nursery Street get its name?"Salem News, October 16, 2012. Symonds, Eben B. Genealogy of the Symonds Family. Typewritten, n.d. [Phillips Library]. Tones, Bryant F.,Jr., and Carolyn K. Tolles. Architecture in Salem: An Illustrated Guide. Salem, MA.: Essex Institute, 1983. Section 9-end-page 30 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.10240018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property - County and State Webber, Charles Henry, and Winfield S.Nevins. Old Naumkeag: An Historical Sketch of the City of _ Salem and the Towns of Marblehead, Peabody, Beverly, Danvers, Wenham, Manchester, Topsfield and Middleton. Beverly: A.A. Smith, 1877. Wood,Loren M. Beautiful Land of the Sky: John Muir's Forgotten Eastern Counterpart, Harlan P. Kelsey. 2013. Maps Plan of City of Salem. Salem: Henry Whipple,ca.1861 Essex County Atlas. D. G. Beers, 1872. Atlas of the City of Salem, Massachusetts. Philadelphia: G.M.Hopkins, 1874,Plate Q. Salem, Mass. (Bird's Eye View Map). Syracuse,NY: D. Mason&Co. Publishers, 1883. Atlas of the City of Salem, Massachusetts. Philadelphia: G. M.Hopkins, 1897, Plate 9. Atlas of the City of Salem, Massachusetts. Boston: Walker Lithograph and Publishing Company, 1911, Plate 10. Mass in Motion Salem. Greenlawn Tree Inventory,2014. http://batchgeo.com/map/0384f3cdSO3214e6blfcOO822258ccl 7 Previous documentation on file(NPS): preliminary determination of individual listing(36 CFR 67) has been requested previously listed in the National Register _previously determined eligible by the National Register !designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # _recorded by Historic American Engineering Record# recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey# Primary location of additional data: _ State Historic Preservation Office _Other State agency _Federal agency _Local government _University _Other Name of repository: Section 9-end-page 31 i,� United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Forth NPS Farm 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Historic Resources Survey Number(if assigned): _SAL.805, 1863, 38793890-3891, 9005-9012. 9025-9064 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 55.8 acres UTM References Datum(indicated on USGS map): FI NAD 1927 or El NAD 1983 1. Zone: 19 Easting: 343528 Northing: 4710984 2. Zone: 19 Easting: 343808 Northing: 4710652 3. Zone: 19 Easting: 343491 Northing: 4710150 4. Zone: 19 Easting : 343367 Northing: 4710383 5. Zone: 19 Easting : 343417 Northing: 4710903 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.) This nomination includes land in the northern part of the city of Salem, Massachusetts, consisting of Assessors Parcel Number 27-0571-0. The parcel includes the entire 55.8-acre cemetery. The cemetery is bounded by Ome Street on the southeast,Appleton Street on the southwest,Liberty Hill Avenue on the west-northwest, and Sargent Street on the northeast. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.) The area encompassed by this nomination was acquired by the city of Salem between 1807 and 1935 and developed as Greenlawn Cemetery. The entire area is owned by the city of Salem and administered as a public cemetery. Section 9-end-page 32 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State 11. Form Prepared By name/title: Lisa Mausolf, Preservation Consultant, with Betsy Friedberg, MHC NR Director organization: Massachusetts Historical Commission street&number: 220 Morrissey Boulevard city or town: Boston state: MA zip code: 02125-3314 e-mail betsy.friedberg( sec.state.ma.us telephone: 617-727-8470 date: March 2015 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: • Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. • Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map. • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.) Photographs Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn't need to be labeled on every photograph. Section 9-end-page 33 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property _ County and State Photo Log Name of Property: Greenlawn Cemetery City or Vicinity: Salem County: Essex State: MA Photographer: Lisa Mausolf Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera: Photo 1 Dickson Memorial Chapel, looking northwest with monument in foreground. Doors on long elevation originally led to conservatory (March 2014). Photo 2 Interior of Dickson Memorial Chapel, looking northeast towards front (October 2013). Photo 3 Looking west at Dickson Bridge across Fountain Pond, with Dickson Steps leading up hill in distance at right(March 2014). Photo 4 Looking southwest at Cemetery Office (October 2013). Photo 5 Main Entrance, corner of Appleton and Ome Streets, looking north(October 2013). Photo 6 Ome Street Gate, looking NW(October 2013). Photo 7 Ome Street Entrance, looking SW (October 2013). Photo 8 Liberty Hill Avenue Entrance, looking east(October 2013). Photo 9 Slate gravestone of Capt. John Symonds in Old Cemetery, looking NE (October 2013). Photo 10 Slate gravestone of Capt. Robert Foster in Old Cemetery, looking SW (March 2014). Photo 11 Slate, willow-and-urn gravestone of Peter Babb in Old Cemetery, looking NE (May 2014). Photo 12 Marble gravestones of the Ropes family, looking SW in Old Cemetery, with main entrance in distance at left (May 2014). Photo 13 Looking NW at American Legion/World War I lot, with I.O.O.F. Monument visible in distance at left (October 2013). Section 9-end-page 34 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0019 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Photo 14 Sons of Veterans Monument, GAR Lot, looking north (May 2014). Photo 15 Looking west, south of Walnut Ave. in Putnam Addition (1865) (March 2014). Photo 16 Smith Family stones, Hawthorn Ave., looking west toward Cedar Ave. (March 2014). Photo 17 Dickson Family Plot, east side of Fir Ave. (October 2013). Photo 18 Looking south from Chapel Ave. toward Leavitt Farm Addition(18 84) (March 2014). Photo 19 Looking south from Cherry Ave. in Leavitt Farm Addition (October 2013). Photo 20 Association of Relief of Aged and Destitute Women markers and monument, with Spanish American War Veterans gravestones visible in distance. Photo 21 Looking NW at World War II Section(October 2013). Photo 22 Looking east at A. G. Lovell Family Plot, Arethusa'Path (March 2014). Photo 23 Looking south at Verry Family monument, Crocus Path (October 2013). Photo 24 Looking south at Pvt. Robert Cooney Monument, Cherry Path (October 2013). Photo 25 Looking northeast at Rev. Jacob Stroyer Stone, Olive Path (October 2013). Photo 26 Looking NE at Moustakis Family Monument, Lotus Path (October 2013). Photo 27 Looking NE from Red Bud Ave. at ca.1930 section (October 2013). Photo 28 Looking north at ca.1940 section north of Harris Avenue (October 2013). Photo 29 Looking south at late 201h c. section west of Red Bud Ave. and Sargent Pond (October 2013). Photo 30 Looking NE at Burke Lot (recent burials) between Harris Ave. and Ome Street (October 2013). Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing,to list properties,and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act,as amended(i6 U.S.C.460 at seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions,gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S.Dept.of the Interior, 1849 C.Street, NW,Washington,DC. Section 9-end-page 35 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - - NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 , Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Greenlawn Cemetery Data Sheet Note:, The following list is a representative sample of historic resources at Greenlawn Cemetery. All resources contained in the data sheet can be found on the sketch map included as additional material in the nomination. Photo MACRIS Historic Name Location Description/Material Date Type Status No. No. SAL.805 Greenlawn 1807-1964 Site C Cemetery SAL.9064' Circulation System of paved roads 1807-1964 Structure C System and grassy paths SAL.9025 Cast-Iron Fence Ome Street 1887+ Structure C SAL.9026 Avenue&Path corners of Approx. 90 cast-iron 18954964 Objects C Markers avenues and poles with signs paths 1,2 SAL.]863 Dickson Chapel Road High Victorian Gothic 1894 Building C Memorial building, granite, Chapel sandstone, slate roof (George Meacham, arch. 1 SAL.9006 Dickson front of chapel Rusticated concrete 1901 Object C Monument marker 3 SAL.9010 Dickson Bride Fountain Pond Concrete 1928 Structure C 3 SAL.9011 .Dickson Steps Magnolia Ave. Concrete 1929 Structure C to Fir Ave. 4 SAL.3879 Cemetery Office Harris Circle Brick, slate roof 1933 Building C (Smith &Walker, architects) SAL.3890 Greenhouse/Gar behind Office Concrete building with 1934 Building NC age metal roof (alt. 2007) SAL.3891 Garage west of Metal building ca. 1990 Building NC greenhouse SAL.9027 Sargent Pond Azalea Road Stone, concrete 1943 Structure C Bridge 5 SAL.9008 Main Entrance Appleton& Granite piers topped 1903 Structure C Gate Orne Sts. by polished spheres, with iron gates (Metropolitan Granite Company&Paul Patten, makers 6 SAL.9007 Orne Street Gate Ome St. & Granite piers with iron 1887 Structure C Filbert Ave. gates 7 SAL.9012 Orne Street Orne St. & Brick piers topped lb1942Structure C Entrance Harris Circle cast-stone balls,br walls Section 9-end-page 36 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Fonn 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Photo MACRIS I Historic Name Location Description/Material Date Type Status No. No. 8 SAL.9009 Liberty Hill Liberty Hill Brick piers topped by 1919, 1962 Structure C Avenue Gate Ave. &Cedar cast-stone balls, iron Ave. gate 9 SAL.9028 Capt.John Old Cemetery Slate headstone 1807 Object C Symonds nr. Myrtle Ave. Headstone 10 SAL.9029 Capt. Robert Old Cemetery Slate headstone 1814 Object C Foster Headstone I 1 SAL.9030 Peter Babb Old Cemetery Slate um-and-willow 1824 Object C Headstone 12 SAL.9031 James Ropes Old Cemetery Marble headstones 1820+ Object C Family Headstones 13 SAL.9032 I.O.O.F.Lot E.of Willow Lot for I.O.O.F. 1868+ Site C Ave. Oak to members Pine Paths (Putnam Add. 13 SAL.9033 I.O.O.F. E. of Willow Polished granite 1884 Object C Monument Ave. sphere on polished (Putnam Add.) column (Smith Granite Co., Westerly, RI) 13 SAL.9034 American Oak Path to Approx. 80 marble ca. 1910+ Site C Legion/World Pine Path markers marking War I Lot (Putnam Add.) graves of WWI veterans 14 SAL.9035 Grand Army of Chestnut&Fir 168 white-marble ca. 1870 Site C the Republic Lot Aves. flush gravestones, (Putnam'Add.) cannons outline corners of lot 14 SAL.9005 Sons of Chestnut&Fir White bronze(zinc) 1886 Object C Veterans Civil Aves. monument of soldier War Monument (Putnam Add.) (Monumental Bronze Co.,Bridgeport, CT SAL.9036 George W. Walnut Ave. Marble obelisk on ca. 1880 Object C Peach Family Lot 29(Putnam granite base Monument Add.) 15 SAL.9037 Barnes Family Hawthorn Path Marble monument ca. 1880 Object C Monument (Putnam Add.) topped by draped urn 16 SAL.9038 William Smith Hawthorn Path Victorian marble ca. 1880 Object C Family (Putnam Add.) tablet monument with Headstones oak leaves, flanked by pointed-arch marble markers with carved lilies for wife and Section 9-end-page 37 United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Pro ert County and State Photo MACRIS Historic Name Location Description/Material Date Type Status No. No. daughter 17 SAL.9039 Dickson Family Fir Ave. Rusticated granite ca. 1891 Object C Monument (Putnam Add.) monument with polished tablets, topped by lantern motif, steps, headstones SAL.9040 Bixby Family Oak Path/Pine Large,rounded, ca. 1920 Object C Monument Path Lot 57 rusticated granite (Putnam Add.) marker with carved foliage, fronted by smaller stones SAL.9041 Capt. John D. Walnut Ave. Marble monument 1877 Object C Symonds Lot 11 with winged cherubs, Headstone (Putnam Add.) carved shield and ribbons SAL.9042 John Gynan Woodbine Path White bronze(zinc) 1889 Object C Monument Lot 584 obelisk atop rusticated (Leavitt Add.) base with pointed arch inset panels SAL.9043 Kate Tannatt Walnut Ave. Rusticated granite 1910 Object C Woods Lot 10 (Leavitt marker marks grave of Headstone Add.) author/educator/ poet SAL.9044 Arthur Huddell Cedar Ave. smooth granite tablet ca. 1931 Object C Monument Grave 1 on rusticated base with (Putnam Add.) inscribed torch and bronze medallion marks grave of Union official 20 SAL.9045 Spanish north end of 39 marble markers and 1898+ Site C American War Fountain Pond damaged metal urn Lot (Leavitt Add. 20 SAL.9046 Association for north end of rounded slate markers 1899-1953 Site C the Relief of Fountain Pond and boulder with Aged and (Leavitt Add.) plaque Destitute Women Lot 20 SAL.9047 Association for north end of boulder with plaque 1899 Object C the Relief of Fountain Pond Aged and (Leavitt Add.) Destitute Women Marker 21 SAL.9048 World War I1 Heath Path to Large lot with 256 1940s+ Site C Lot Lotus Path marble gravestones (Leavitt Add.) ` Section 9-end-page 38 United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Forrn 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Photo MACRIS Historic Name Location Description/Material Date Type Status No. No. 22 SAL.9049 A.G. Lovell. Arethusa Path Large granite ca. 1890 Object C Family Lot 744 monument with corner Monument (Leavitt Add.) columns and hip roof, granite curbing and cornerstones, small indiv.markers 23 SAL.9050 Verry Family Crocus Path Large rusticated- ca. Object C Monument (Leavitt Add.) granite marker with 1930 finely carved torch, " rose and banner 24 SAL.9051 Pvt. Robert Cherry Path Granite tree stump ca. 1916 Object C Cooney Lot 666 marker with bronze Monument (Leavitt Add.) medallion by Edward Carter Preston SAL:9052 Smith-Symonds (Leavitt Add.) Granite cross atop ca. 1884 Object C Monument rusticated base SAL.9053 William Buker Woodbine Path Granite monument ca.1900 Object C Family Lot 588 with polished diamond Monument (Leavitt Add.) set atop rusticated triangular base 25 SAL.9054 Rev. Jacob Olive Ave. Limestone monument 1908 Object C Stroyer Lot 761 inscribed with life Headstone (Leavitt Add.) history of former slave, later pastor of Salem Colored Mission 26 SAL.9055 Moustakis Lotus Path Granite monument ca.1915 Object C Family Lot 2312 consisting of tablet Monument (Leavitt Add.) with adjacent figure of robed woman with wreath (Kimball Bros.) SAL.9056 Sophie Kozak Red Bud Ave. Stone cross 1944 Object C Headstone Lot 2097 (Leavitt Add.) SAL.9057 John Riley Eulalia Path Simple granite 1950 Object C Headstone Lot 2751 headstone (Leavitt Add.) commemorating Congressional Medal of Honor recipient from Spanish American War SAL.9058 James& Sarah Balsam Path Oddly shaped rock ca. 1915 Object C Tufts Monument Lot 1 with bronze plaque (Putnam 1901 Add.) SAL.9059 Public Lot 1 betw. Poplar& I Grass area with early to Site C Section 9-end-page 39 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Photo MACRIS Historic Name Location Description/Material Date Type Status No. No. Chestnut largely unmarked mid 19 c. Old Cemetegraves SAL.9060 Public Lot 2 w. of Myrtle, Grassy area with early to Site C nr. Tulip(Old largely unmarked mid 19th c. Cemetery) graves SAL.9061 Public Lot 3 between Area with mix of late 19 c. Site C Appleton & unmarked graves and Cedar,near some markers Laburnum (Putnam Add.) SAL.9062 Public Lot 4 Moss Path to Area with mix of late 19 c. Site C Aster Path unmarked graves and (Leavitt Add.) some markers NCSAL.9063 Recent Veterans Chapel Hill Grassy area of mostly 1993+ Site Lot flush stones Trees Location see ma Kentucky Coffee Tl Sweet Gum T2 Ginko T3 Katsura T4 Siberian Elm T5 White Mulberry T6 Ginko T7 Kentucky Coffee T8 Ho tree T9 Tulip Tree T10 Yellowwood Tll Fringe Tree T12 Osage Orange T13 Dawn Redwood T14 Dawn Redwood T15 Northern Catalpa T16 Amur Cork T17 Tulip Tree T18 London Planetree T19 Kousa Dogwood T20 Sourwood T21 Bald Cypress T22 Castor Alia T23 Persimmon T24 Korean Evodia T25 Carolina Silverbell T26 Korean Mountain Ash T27 Section 9-end-page 40 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State SUMMARY CONTRIBUTING NON-CONTRIBUTING Buildings 2 2 Sites 11 1 Structures 9 0 Objects 28 0 TOTAL RESOURCE COUNT 50 3 Figures MM ��_��,a�f`t �'�'�.+� P ,� �,.'�""' F yySw ai'��'t ��°t+,x �""u'S` �'��*'� '�"�•'i m P �ry'� �1 �' �' F,w.+;c-h'�-Jo- t p'tr°"�"�, i�ee`'x �• z"�r � '� a y�. r a` ''�+e�, a mss:�^�pit w�� ° ,� Q2H �ttl Ad ,:*-rr" � iT Figure 1 Greenlawn (North Salem) Cemetery ca. 1861 Size of plot reflects original parcel plus land added in 1846. Note: Bryant Street was later discontinued. Source: Henry Whipple, Plan of City of Salem Section 9-end-page 41 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - NPS Forrn 10-900 - OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State '..� �'^" s �� 0�� r i`,✓` a.ai ry '�-a }#r `'.� a �x r "'•- av air r ,i Z ✓Y t ° E r'f a� �� t:F P .a"5� f dtle w .,h � � r ,✓ _ '� �n"�-i�'sY� ,. r `fie ��,s'°h��?�}�wu� s�k`y."",'. , 3 +`` �:;. ,r$ r s, Or 1, x 5 nt% r��i�,� r �., �+'�3� Vj h�k� f i � '"' r ,��,.�` r ;,'�r'�7. � �`�"'�t��; �{+*'•' rq„u}�� a 1h,A ro ` ' AeS ,�'° n "Y ''pare.., �r'§7+ `, ,#1,"• X89 ,„,�� . ti;T i"&°'ry Q `4,a �r'i�, Figure 2 Greenlawn Cemetery in 1874, reflecting addition of Putnam land (1865) extending to Liberty Hill Avenue. Light dotted lines show roads and paths laid out by Joseph Foster, Civil Engineer. Note: The lots fronting Appleton Street labeled C. H. Putnam were acquired by the cemetery in 1901. Source: Atlas of the City of Salem, G. M. Hopkins, 1874 Section 9-end-page 42 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Forth 10-900 - OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State t f ti' ° 5 'a a 5w Y�L 4Sz, ya 31f s , Meir Figure 3 View of Greenlawn Cemetery in 1880, looking southeast toward residences on Orne Street (mansard- roofed house is the present 20 Orne Street). Photo shows Putnam section laid out in 1865 (heavily traveled dirt path and markers to left). Area in distance (right of cart path) shows the older section of the cemetery close to Orne Street. Note lack of trees when photo was taken. Source: Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum Section 9-end-page 43 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State Original Old t CemeteM ry Putnam Land Leavitt Land r H -- � Potter Land Figure 4 1883 View of Greenlawn Cemetery looking southwest showing original cemetery, Putnam Addition laid out in lots, and Leavitt land prior to clearing and improvement. Source: Salem, Mass. Bird's Eye View Map, 1883 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AI883—SalemNIA map_BPL_2675001218jpg Section 9-end-page 44 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State `. IRR ITY .?fes • ^a"r ,y ;k`n �Gam,`, � S � f Ak � y§`?n' �'+� � 'Z� t �. �moi.:."•"*+(-#�" '�'�.Srv`�� ,;.P,,.i. x _ � v h �f et"x^wY 4� Figure 5 1891 View of Fountain Pond by Frank Cousins, Photographer Use of building visible on top of hill is not known. Source: Philips Library, Peabody Essex Museum Section 9-end-page 45 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 - OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State � a k � #lass. Greenawn Cemetery, Chapat aced' aasarra`a r ' € � '�R'�1#y 'F�f r 4'.`i'g* dn�t �� sw.i. . .,2 s t, ,.,_, y 6 r-@Y�� y 5 { y ANT- "x 2"v '$.iK"�,, Figure 6 Undated postcard view of Dickson Memorial Chapel with Conservatory (the latter was removed about 1982) Section 9-end-page 46 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Forth 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property - County and State a �x ka ,e SL rt ver i*ti4 n L7 ,LIBERTY MILL t K FELT '. I Gy PAR s• _ '>� � . A - + ST _ �i X e �x [, ., tty . . ( ft N l � I A 3 I l _ I \\ v A. �q v 40 \V } \ t t1 �\\ ;d � _ ✓ `/� /JpPCF rtN �I\4 � �F F � Zy j � ISL 5✓ .� f tom. �RM 1� � w � ,i a i-.tiak ',. 1 C P R Figure 7 Greenlawn Cemetery in 1897 after addition of Leavitt plot in 1884 (compare to Figure 2). Visible at top adjacent to Sargent Street are the Peabody and Potter plots, acquired in 1935 and 1901, respectively. At the bottom near Appleton Street is the Putnam parcel, acquired in 1901. Notation near structure below lake reads "Soldiers Lot' and beside buildings right of"Lawn" reads "Dickson Memorial." Source: Atlas ofthe City of Salem, Massachusetts, G.M. Hopkins, 1897, Plate 9 Section 9-end-page 47 United States Departmentof the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Fon 10-900 OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State TW- 5 N.Mv �� • SA R G'_."---E N .1" *'x5' '7"" *' a9.p kr xui`y �nH a �'•."'^�- 1f('�g '' '4 'k ` .' -"xg-n1t� '"b `. s fi s c F'i4L t7 ka' V' «6 I Y i �f3 l 1' .q. • .. 1 k m 2 „p'Ty, Ei F top '1' r is R H�A� ' Ward' i i S 9 SPS Im kt— • 1. �£ • 5 T ?f'' +Mu ' '0�•-r-l1N £ a�'r�� f911�4�""}"`""' 4ak 9L � ,1�y1 .rw� """-�- r � �,� ',< 1.-KING ST.} Figure 8 Greenlawn Cemetery in 1911 Note addition of new land since 1897 map, including at corner of Appleton and Orne (Putnam 1901 addition) and corner of Sargent and Ome (Potter 1901 addition). Source: Atlas of the City of Salem, Massachusetts, 1911, Plate 10. Section 9-end-page 48 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Forrn 10-900 OMB No.10240018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Propertyz - County and State - r.�{$4-w°y t r f - V+�� r s MW -*.c.."r•} 6 �,+:.a �/p�` a s '#i3? r x 3,.. _J »"h, ;ti f } c�frs• 5 v''= a$ .x'1 v' 5 c€' �°_p,rn _.. .*m'. ..d.. . Figure 9 New Cemetery Office, shortly after construction(1933), and prior to removal of the Leavitt stable/barn to the rear. Source: Boxford Historic Document Center Section 9-end-page 49 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Forrn 10-900 OMB No.1024-0016 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property County and State v ... p IM fr Y� •'u'P k p gy t'SMa�A�'i} T P d Yp:S { « yn �ttx r -s — 4�r� si„�+ta�' v s MW TK Figure 10 View north with Dickson Chapel and Conservatory at center, with greenhouses, 1932. At right is former Leavitt stable/barn. Source: Boxford Historic Document Center Section 9-end-page 50 United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service/National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - - NIPS Form 10-900 - OMB No.1024-0018 Greenlawn Cemetery Essex, MA Name of Property _County and State i. M P v r r, � 4 g iw&sa''k'az• r Figure 11 Looking southeast toward Orne Street, early 1930s, showing cemetery before planting and maturing of WPA trees and shrubs. Source: Boxford Historic Document Center Section 9-end-page 51 DEC 15 2014 DEPT. OF PLAPiiv!A�i� , COMMUNITY DEVELOPMi- The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission F,T.TGTRTLTTY FOR NATIONAL REGISTER T,TSTTNG TO: Jessica Herbert, Salem Historical Commission FROM: Massachusetts Historical Commission DATE: December 12, 2014 The Massachusetts Historical Commission is pleased to inform you that the following property(ies) has been voted eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (36 CFR 60) by the Commission acting as the State Review Board. By law, a property is afforded protection from adverse effect caused by Federally funded, licensed or assisted projects when it has been voted eligible for inclusion in the National Register. The nomination form will now be submitted to the National Register Office, National Park Service in Washington, D.C. for final review. If the National Register Office lists the property or determines it eligible for listing in the National Register, it will automatically be included in the Massachusetts State Register of Historic Places (950 CMR 71). The State Register parallels the National Register in providing protection from State actions. For more information, you may wish to refer to your original notification letter or contact the Commission's National Register staff. When we have received the determination of the National Register Office you will be advised. i PROPFRTY(TF_S) DATF VOTED FT IGURT.F. 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