SALEM DINER NR NOMINATION 1e,lvur-
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was accepted on for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register is the nation's official list of buildings, districts, sites, structures, and objects which retain their historical
character and are important to our local, state, or national history. The National Register was established under the,National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 an is administered in the Commonwealth by the Massachusetts Historical Commission.
William Francis Galvin u 'th B. McDonough
Secretary of the Commonwealth - Stat Historic Preservation Officer
Chairman,Massachusetts His 'cal Commission ecutive Director,Massachusetts Historical Commission
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION
A Division of the Secretary of the Commonwealth
ti
RECEIVED
loon, AUG -6 ani 101: 14
The Commonwealth of Mas( _ l fi_PT '
William Francis Galvin,Secretary of the wea t
Massachusetts Historical Commission
August 2, 1999
Ms.Carol Shull
National Register of Historic Places
Department of the Interior
National Park Service
Mail Stop 2280; Suite 400
1849 C Street,NW
Washington, DC 20240
Dear Ms. Shull:
Enclosed please find the following nomination form:
Diners of Massachusetts Multiple Property Submission consisting of:
Al Mac's Diner,Fall River(Bristol),MA Agawam Diner,Rowley(Essex),MA
Central Diner,Lynn(Essex),MA Salem Diner,Salem(Essex),MA
Casey's Diner;Natick(Middlesex),MA Rosebud Diner,Somerville(Middlesex),MA
Miss Florence Diner,Northampton(Hampshire),MA Wilson's Diner,Waltham(Middlesex),MA
Town Diner,Watertown(Middlesex),MA
The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the
State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the properties included in the Multiple
Property Submission were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 60 to 120 days
before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment.
Sincerely, .
13�dS�, 7t4j D `AJ /Ikk
Betsy Friedberg
National Register Director
Massachusetts Historical Commission
enclosure
cc: Kathleen Kelly Broomer,Preservation Consultant
Athas Arvanitis,owner,Town Diner Frederick Griffen,Chair,Watertown Historical Commission
Clyde Younger,Watertown Town Council M oyle,Watertown Planning Director
John Decotis,owner,Salem Diner elen Sides,Chair,Salem Historical Commission
Stanley Uscovicz,Mayor,City of Salem Craig Wheeler,Salem Planning Director
Jane Guy,Salem CLG Coordinator
i
220 Morrissey Boulevard,Boston,Massachusetts 02125 • (617) 727-8470
Fax:(617) 727,5128 •TDD: 1-800-392-6090
www.state.ma.us/sec/mbc
i
NPS Form 10-900- OMB No. 10240018
(Rev. 10-90)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National
Register of Historic Places Registration Forth(National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking"x"in the appropriate box or by entering
the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented,enter"N/A"for"not applicable" For functions,architectural
classification,materials,and areas of significance,enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative
items on continuation sheets(NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter,word processor,or computer,to complete all items.
1 Name of Property
historic name The Salem Diner (The Diners of Massachusetts MPS)
other names/site number N/A
2. Location
street& number 70/2 Loring Avenue _not for publication
city or town Salem _vicinity
state Massachusetts code MA county Essex code 009 zip code 01970
3 State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986,as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination
❑request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of
Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. in my opinion,the property
meets O do s not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant -
nationally09 statewide O locally. (O See continuation sheet for additional comments.)
(3
�. YhZ
ig ature of certifying official title Judith W.McDonough,Executive Director I D to
aslachusefts Historical Commission,State Historic Preservation Officer
State or Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion,the property❑meets❑does not meet the National Register criteria. (O See continuation sheet for additional Comments.)
Signature of certifying official title - Date
State or Federal agency and bureau
4. National Park Service Certification
I, hereby certify that this property is: Signature of the Keeper Date of Action
❑entered in the National Register
❑See continuation sheet.
❑determined eligible for the
National Register
❑See continuation sheet.
❑determined not eligible for the
National Register
❑removed from the
National Register
0 other(explain): -
The Salem Diner Salem Essex County Massachusetts
Name of Property County and State
5. Classification
Ownership of Property Number of Resources within Property
(Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.)
X private X building(s) Contributing Noncontributing
_public-local _district 1 0 building
_public-State _site
_public-Federal _structure 0 0 sites
_object 0 0 structures
0 1 objects
1 1 Total
Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed
(Enter"N/A"if property is not part of a multiple property listing.)' in the National Register
Twentieth-Century Commercial Architecture: N/A
The Diners of Massachusetts
6. Function or Use
Historic Functions Current Functions
(Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) _
COMMERCE/TRADE/restaurant COMMERCE/TRADE/restaurant
7. Description
Architectural Classification Materials
(Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions)
Other: Streamliner Diner foundation concrete
walls porcelain enamel
roof metal
other wood
Narrative Description
(Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) .
The Salem Diner- Salem. Essex County, Massachusetts
Name of Property - County and State
8. Statement of Significance
Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance
(Mark"x"in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property (Enter categories from instructions)
for National Register listing.)
Architecture
X A Property is associated with events that have made Commerce
a significant contribution to the broad patterns of
our history.
_B Property is associated with the lives of persons
significant in our past.
X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics
of a type, period, or method of construction or
represents the work of a master, or possesses
high artistic values, or represents a significant and
distinguishable entity whose components lack Period of Significance
individual distinction.
1941-1949
_D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield,
information important in prehistory or history.
Criteria Considerations Significant Dates
(Mark"x"in all the boxes that apply.) -
1941
Property is:
_A owned by religious institution or used for
religious purposes. Significant Person
(Complete if Criterion B is marked above)
_B removed from its original location. N/A
_C a birthplace or grave. Cultural Affiliation
N/A
_D a cemetery.
E a reconstructed building, object, or structure.
F a commemorative property. ArchiteCUBuilder
_G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance Sterling Diners
within the past 50 years.
Narrative Statement of Significance
(Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.)
9 Maior Bibliographical References
(Cite the books, articles,and other sources used in preparing this forth on one or more continuation sheets.)
Previous documentation on file(NPS): Primary location of additional data:
_ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 X State Historic Preservation Office
CFR 67) has,been requested _ Other State agency
_ previously listed in the National Register _ Federal agency
_ previously determined eligible by the National _ Local government
Register _ University
_ designated a National Historic Landmark Other
_ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository:
_ recorded by Historic American Engineering
Record#
The Salem Diner Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts
Name of Property County and State
10. Geographical Data
i
Acreage of Property less than one-half acre
UTM References See continuation sheet.
(Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet)
1. 19 344180 4706940 3.
Zone Easting Northing - Zone Easting Northing
2. 4.
Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing
_See continuation sheet.
Verbal Boundary Description
(Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.)
Boundary Justification
(Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.)
11 Form Prepared By
name/title Kathleen Kelly Broomer, consultant with Betsy Friedberg NR Director,'MHC
organization Massachusetts Historical Commission date July 1999
street& number 220 Morrissey Boulevard telephone(617) 727-8470
city or town Boston state MA zip code 02125
Additional Documentation
Submit the following items with the completed form:
Continuation Sheets
Maps
A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.
A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources.
Photographs
Representative black and white photographs of the property.
Additional items(Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items)
Property Owner
(Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.)
name John Decotis—The Salem Diner
street&number 70'/2 Loring Avenue telephone 978-741-7918
city or town Salem state MA zip code 01970
Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate
properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing,to list properties,and to amend existing listings.Response to this request is required to obtain a
benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended(16 U.S.C.470 at seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing
instructions,gathering and maintaining data,and completing and reviewing the forth.Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of
this form to the Chief,Administrative Services Division,National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127,Washington,DC 20013-7127;and the Office of
Management and Budget,Paperwork Reductions Project(1024-0018),Washington, DC 20503.NPS Form 10-900 -OMB No.
1024-0018
(Rev. 10-90) _
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet The Diners of Massachusetts MPS
The Salem Diner
Section number 7 Page 1 Salem (Essex Co.),MA
7. Description
The Salem Diner, 70'/z Loring Avenue, Salem(MHC#1895)was manufactured in 1941 by Sterling Diners of Merrimac,
Massachusetts. Also known as Sterling car#4106,the Salem Diner is a fine example of a Sterling Streamliner,a model
distinguished by its aerodynamic styling and curved, "shovel-nosed"end. The Salem Diner is the better preserved of
only two examples of the Sterling Streamliner remaining in Massachusetts..
The diner is located in South Salem, approximately one and one-half miles south of Salem City Hall. Loring Avenue
comprises a segment of State Route IA, a secondary automobile corridor through city and town centers on Boston's
North Shore. The Salem Diner is oriented nose end to the street with a parking area immediately to the south and a
newer commercial block to the southwest. Commercial and industrial uses predominate in the immediate vicinity of the
diner.
Like all Sterling diners,the Salem Diner has a wood frame and porcelain enamel exterior,here colored pale yellow with
contrasting detailing in blue. The diner has a hipped barrel(rounded)roof of metal and a streamlined appearance with a
curved, shovel-nosed eastern end. The foundation is finished in concrete and incorporates glass blocks. Entries with
original steel-clad doors are located near the center of the fagade—behind a glass and steel vestibule, itself a ca. 1960
addition—and at the diner's squared-off western end. Both doors have porthole windows. Most windows in the diner
contain wood, single-pane sash with transoms above. A distinctive feature of the diner is the narrow band of rectangular
windows located in the curved end. Exterior details include the"fin"running the length of the roof that serves as a
backdrop for the diner's neon signage,which reads THE SALEMDINER. The fin accentuates the streamlined appearance
of the diner. A gabled,wood-frame addition(ca. 1950)on the north elevation provides kitchen space at the rear of the
diner without compromising the integrity of the main block.
The interior has many intact original features. The barrel-vaulted ceiling consists of porcelain enamel panels in pale
yellow with wood supports. A similar porcelain enamel and wood treatment survives on the walls, where windows are
trimmed in wood, and porcelain enamel panels with contrasting blue detailing appear below the windows. The counter,
which extends from the diner's square(western)end across about two-thirds the length of the interior,has a glass display
counter top, small green tiling at the footrest,and replacement pink Formica on the apron. The counter area includes a
steel backbar with sunburst motif, a steel refrigerator, a full-length grill and food prep area,thirteen steel stools with
vinyl seats, and a staff entrance at the eastern end. The floor is covered with small tiles in shades of green. A row of
booths extends the length of the diner. The booths are the most altered interior feature, encompassing wood and vinyl
seats and tables sheathed with replacement Formica. Three freestanding tables are located at the curved(eastern)end of
the interior, each with booth seating along the curved wall side and chairs on the other. The manufacturer's tag is located
over the counter, and the threshold of the main entry,which has sustained considerable wear,bears the imprint of the
letters G and DINER, likely once spelling out STERLING DINER.
Archaeological Description
While no prehistoric sites are located on the nominated property, it is possible that sites are present. Twenty-six sites are
recorded in the general area(within one mile)of the diner. Environmental characteristics for the area have been
obscured by urban development including commercial and industrial growth in the vicinity of a major crossroads south
(continued)
NPS Form 10,900-a OMB No. 1024-0018
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet The Diners of Massachusetts MPS
The Salem Diner
Section number 7/8 Page 2/1 Salem (Essex Co.),MA
of the downtown Salem area. The Salem Diner is,however, located in close proximity to Salem Harbor and fresh water
wetlands associated with the Forest River,part of the North Coastal Watershed. In general, however,the potential for
locating significant prehistoric resources on the Salem Diner property is low. Installation of the diner and related parking
facilities and utilities(sewage,water)have probably impacted any prehistoric resources that may have been present on
the relatively small, less than 0.5 acre lot. There is also a low potential for locating historic archaeological resources on
the Salem Diner property. While extensive commercial and industrial development of the diner locale may indicate
some potential for locating archaeological evidence from these general activities, no specific land use has been identified
for the property to date. The diner was erected on a vacant site.
(end)
8. Statement of Significance
The Salem Diner is unique in Salem and rare in Massachusetts as a diner with well preserved, aerodynamic styling. The
diner reflects the considerable impact of industrial design on American architecture between the Depression and World
War II. Its streamlined design is significant both for evoking the early history of diners as mobile buildings, and for its
influence on the design of a subsequent generation of diners following World War II. Retaining integrity of location,
design, setting, materials,workmanship,feeling, and association,the Salem Diner meets Criteria A and C of the National
Register of Historic Places at the state and local levels.
George F. Sullivan and Frederick J.Doherty established the Salem Diner. Sullivan,the president of the business,was a
lawyer who resided on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston,and Doherty,the treasurer,was a salesman who resided in
Malden. By 1945,Doherty had moved to Proctor Avenue in Salem. Sullivan and Doherty owned the Salem Diner until
the late 1940s or early 1950s,when James Kallas of Peabody and William Kallas of Salem acquired the business. The
Kallas family is also associated with The Bel-Aire diner, a ca. 1953 Mountain View diner located on Newbury Street(U.
S. Route 1) in West Peabody. The Kallases operated the Salem Diner until at least 1983,when the city directory of that
year shows John Kallas and Theo Tsoutsouris as owners.
The diner was installed on a vacant site in a largely commercial and industrial area at a major crossroads south of
downtown Salem. Located in the immediate vicinity in 1942, one year after the Salem Diner was installed,were
commercial garages, an auto body shop, a steam appliance manufacturer, a lamp manufacturer, a Socony gasoline
station, a laundry, a beauty shop, and residences. Also in 1942, according to the city directory of that year,there were
seven other eating establishments calling themselves"diners" in Salem, as well as nine establishments with the term
"lunch" in their names.
Distinctive for its streamlined form,the Salem Diner reflects the impact of machine-age industrial design on American
culture between World War I and World War II. Streamlining emphasized a smooth,rounded, "aerodynamically
contoured"form, inspired first and foremost by airplane designs and other transportation vehicles of the 1920s and
1930s, such as dirigibles, ships, and ocean liners. The streamlined aesthetic began to become apparent in train and
automobile design by the early 1930s. [Wilson et at., 55]
(continued)
NPS Form 10-900-a - OMB No. 1024-0018
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet The Diners of Massachusetts MPS
The Salem Diner
Section number 8/9/10 Page 2/1/1 Salem (Essex Co.),MA
The connection between diner building and the manufacture of trains and automobiles in particular brought the aesthetics
of streamlining to diner design. Sterling Diners of Merrimac, Massachusetts, manufacturer of the Salem Diner,was the
successor firm to J. B. Judkins Company,which had manufactured custom car bodies. The business started in 1857 as a
carriage manufacturer and specialized in custom motorcar bodies from 1910 through the Depression. In 1936, J. B.
Judkins III began building diners under the name Sterling Diners. Sterling produced traditional barrel-roofed diners,
dinettes, and streamliner models. In 1939,two years before the manufacture of the Salem Diner,Judkins acquired the
patent of Roland L. Stickney of New York City, upon which the distinctive streamliner model was based. [Gutman, 114,
239-240] Streamlining in diners conveyed a sense of movement at the same time that diners were unquestionably
stationary, an irony described as the"immobilization of mobility." [Gutman, 113]
The Salem Diner was one of the last diners produced by Sterling,which went out of business in 1942. There are
approximately ten Sterling diners extant in Massachusetts, and the Salem Diner is one of only two known examples of
the Sterling Streamliner in the state. The other streamliner is My Tin Man Diner(808 MacArthur Boulevard, 1940) in
the village of Pocasset in Bourne. Though My Tin Man is the more altered of the two streamliners on the interior,the
diner displays the distinctive curved, "shovel-nose"design at both ends, rather than at one end as seen in Salem.
(end)
9. Major Bibliographical References
Gutman, Richard J. S. American Diner Then and Now. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1993.
Diner Finder Deluxe: Massachusetts. Watertown,MA: Coffee Cup Publications, 1991.
Polk's Salem City Directory(1942, 1945, 1946, 1954, 1963, 1970, 1980, 1983). Boston: R. &L.Polk Co., Publishers,
years as noted.
Kahn, Joseph P. "Schlock around the clock. Why we'll always love Route 1." The Boston Globe Magazine, June 14,
1998, p. 121f(references to Kallas family).
Wilson, Richard Guy, et al. The Machine Age in America 1918-1941. New York: The Brooklyn Museum and Harry N.
Abrams,Inc., 1986.
(end)
10. Geographical Data
Verbal Boundary Description
The boundary of the nominated property is shown on the accompanying detail of the City of Salem assessors' map.
Boundary Justification
The boundary includes the entire parcel that has been historically associated with the diner.
(end)
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NPS Form 10-900-b - OMB No. 1024-0018
(March 1992)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Multiple Property Documentation Form
This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts.
See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register
Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use
continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all
items.
x New Submission Amended Submission
A. Name of Multiple Property Listing
THE DINERS OF MASSSACHUSETTS
B. Associated Historic Contexts
(Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period
for each.)
From Night Lunch Wagon to Diner (c. 1884 to the early 1920s)
Diners Take Hold in Massachusetts (mid-1920s to c. 1945)
Diners Go Deluxe (c.1945 to c. 1955)
The Diner Turned Restaurant (c. 1955 to c. 1970)
C. Form Prepared by
name/title: Kathleen Kelly Broomer, Consultant, with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC
street & number: 220 Morrissey Boulevard telephone: 617-727-8470
city or town: Boston state: MA zip code: 02125
-----------------------------------------------
D. Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby
z
certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth
requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This
submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the
Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation.
See continuation sheet for additional comments.)
Z
eture and title of certifying o ial D2fte
State or Federal agency and bureau
I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National
Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register.
Signature of the Keeper ' Date
Table of Contents for Written Narrative
Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and the title before each
section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheets in
How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form(National Register Bulletin 16B). Fill in
page numbers for each section in the space below.
Page Numbers
E. Statement of Historic Contexts (If more
than one historic context is documented,
present them in sequential order.)
From Lunch Wagon to Diner (c.1884-early 1920s) 1
Diners Take Hold in Massachusetts (mid-1920s-c.1945) 3
Diners Go Deluxe (c.1945-c.1960) 9
The Diner Turned Restaurant (c. 1960 - ) 11
F. Associated Property Types (Provide
description, significance, and registration
requirements.) 13
G. Geographical Data 20
H. Identification and Evaluation Methods 21
I. Major Bibliographical References (List major 24
written works and primary location of additional
documentation: State Historic Preservation Office,
other State agency, Federal agency, local government,
university, or other, specifying repository.)
Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the
National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for
listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a
benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 120 hours
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this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division,National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127,
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2VCENTURY COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE:
THE DINERS OF MASSACHUSETTS
E. STATEMENT OF HISTORIC CONTEXT
This multiple property documentation form covers diners in Massachusetts with periods of
significance between the late 19th century and the mid-1960s. For the purpose of this
documentation, a diner is defined as a factory-built eatery hauled to its location or a built-on-site
eatery designed to create the appearance of a diner. Massachusetts-based diner owners and
builders played an important role in popularizing this uniquely American building form. The
historic context traces the development of the diner from the its earliest form as the night lunch
wagon to the diner-restaurant of the post-World War II years.
Over the last fifteen years, several surveys have identified approximately one hundred-fifty
diners in Massachusetts dating from the 1920s to 1960s. In most cases,the manufacturer's name
and construction year are readily available. Massachusetts companies,most notably Worcester
Lunch Car Company,manufactured about two-thirds of the diners currently in the state. A diner
need not,however, have been manufactured in Massachusetts to be eligible for National Register
listing under this multiple property documentation form. This documentation is not intended to
cover diners manufactured by Massachusetts companies but located out of state.
The three principal sources for historical information on diners in Massachusetts are Richard
J. S. Gutman's American Diner Then and Now[New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993],
Diner Finder Deluxe—Massachusetts [Watertown,MA: Coffee Cup Publications, 1991],and the
Inventory of Historic Assets of the Commonwealth,maintained by the Massachusetts Historical
Commission. The historic context presented here relies heavily upon the groundbreaking work of
diner historian Richard J. S. Gutman,whose published studies constitute the most comprehensive
social and architectural history of diners available to date.
From Night Lunch Wagon to Diner(ca. 1884 to early 1920s)
Massachusetts occupies a significant place in the early history of diners. In 1884 Samuel
Messer Jones(1854-1926), a former mechanical engineer from Providence,Rhode Island,
introduced the concept of the night lunch wagon to-the central Massachusetts city of Worcester.
Night lunch wagons, also known as night lunch carts,were horse-drawn wagons carrying
sandwiches, soup,coffee, and the like for sale to walk-up customers. These customers included
late-night factory workers and others desiring a inexpensive meal during hours when the standard
eating establishments, such as boarding houses and hotel restaurants,were closed. Parked at the
curb for an evening,the night lunch wagon had wall openings facing both the sidewalk and the
street, allowing the operator to pass food directly to customers waiting outside. In 1872 Walter
Scott of Providence created the first night lunch wagon out of a converted freight car. Eleven
years later,Ruel B. Jones,also of Providence,had a local wagon builder construct the first wagon
specifically designed as a lunch cart. It was Samuel Messer Jones, a cousin of Ruel B. Jones,
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who reportedly built the first mobile building constructed as a lunch cart,when in 1887 he turned
out a lunch cart that not only had a complete kitchen but was large enough to allow customers to
stand or even sit inside while they ate. Samuel Messer Jones moved on to Springfield,
Massachusetts, introducing the night lunch business to that city in 1889. The night lunch trade
for both cart operators and manufacturers developed on parallel tracks in Worcester and
Springfield for the remainder of the 19`h century.
As the lunch wagon business expanded from the late 1880s to the early years of the 20`h
century,more lunch wagon builders started up than in any other period of the state's diner
history. Worcester quickly emerged as the lunch wagon capital of Massachusetts, and was home
to builders Charles H.Palmer(who started business in 1889),New England Night Lunch Wagon
Company(Thomas H.Buckley, 1891),Wilfred Barriere,(1905),Worcester Lunch Car and
Carriage Manufacturing Company(1906), and John J.E.Hennigan(1907). In 1895 Charles
Palmer moved his manufacturing plant north of Worcester to Fairbanks Street in Sterling(factory
burned 190 1) and retained his office in Worcester. Besides Jones in Springfield were Wilson
Goodrich(1892)and Camille R.Remillard(1897). In addition,the city of Lynn north of Boston
was the headquarters of Ephraim L:Hamel who,beginning in 1891,produced White House Cafe
lunch wagons in association with Thomas H. Buckley of Worcester.
Each model of lunch wagon seemingly improved upon earlier models. As a result of Samuel
Jones's innovation,the lunch wagon in Massachusetts was one in which the customer could dine
indoors, shielded from the weather. Charles Palmer,who received the first patent for a lunch
wagon in 1890,developed a prototype that remained the standard form for the next twenty-five
years: an enclosed body with small front wheels and a narrower tail end between high.back
wheels; a counter separating the rear kitchen from the dining area,which featured stools or chairs;
and windows for passing food to more customers standing at the curb or waiting alongside in
carriages. Beginning in the 1890s, Thomas H.Buckley, described as the most prolific of the
early lunch wagon manufacturers, and Ephraim Hamel perfected the art of decorating the lunch
wagon in the White House Cafe models they produced in Worcester and Lynn. These elaborately
detailed lunch wagons featured windows of frosted glass,etched glass, or flash glass(colored
glass fused to clear glass),plus landscapes and historical scenes painted on the outside panels of
the wagon.
In the early years of the 20th century,the lunch wagon evolved from horse-drawn wagon to
stationary portable lunch car. Within two years of Buckley's death in 1903, his company
introduced a new model built entirely on low wheels,which was intended to be hauled only the
distance from the factory to the car's destination, an off--the-road,or roadside, site. This
contrasted with the earlier wagons or carts,which rested in the street at curbside and had to be
removed from the street early each the morning so as not to contribute to traffic congestion.
Other important features of the Buckley company's new model that resurfaced in later lunch cars
include a center kitchen surrounded by a U-shaped serving counter, and an eating shelf with
stools along the inside perimeter of the car. Changing to a more permanent roadside location also
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enabled many operators to keep their businesses open twenty-four hours per day. In addition,the
permanent site allowed for easy installation of electric lights, gas stoves, and running water,
which improved the type of service provided. Installation of mechanical ventilation and inside
toilet facilities was not far behind. `
Industry improvements in the early 20'h century prompted a related development: as horse-
drawn cars of the urban trolley lines were abandoned in favor of electric trolleys,the surplus cars
could be converted to lunch wagons, usually at little expense. Some converted"trolley lunches"
were inferior imitations of the gleaming new lunch cars,but these few nevertheless had the effect
of stigmatizing the entire industry for their associations with standards and individuals of ill
repute. In part to counter this increasingly negative image,the term dining car began to be used
by the industry, an allusion to the fine dining cars of the railroad lines. The new term also
reflected more accurately the developing twenty-four-hour nature of the operation. From dining
car came the abbreviated term diner. By comparing terns used in a manufacturer's catalogs,
Richard Gutman has pinpointed the earliest use of the term diner as occurring in the year between
March 1923 and March 1924. [Gutman,p. 58]
Diners Take Hold in Massachusetts(mid-1920s to ca. 1945)
New England,the birthplace of diners,perhaps harbored the longest-running fondness for the
horse-drawn lunch cart or wagon,despite the fact that by the 1920s the form had become
essentially.obsolete. According to Gutman,the horse-drawn cart could still be seen in
Massachusetts into the 1930s. Massachusetts city and town directories show listings for lunch
carts through the late 1920s,though it is not clear whether such listings refer to actual horse-
drawn wagons or simply use the old term to describe the new stationary portable lunch cars. John
F. Hickey kept an admittedly modern interpretation of the lunch wagon concept alive from 1944
until 1986 in Taunton, where he operated a ten-stool diner mounted atop a truck in the downtown
business district. [Gutman, p. 107]
In Massachusetts,the earliest form of diner extant has a barrel roof, sliding doors,and ten
stools at the counter. At least seven examples of this diner form,which were constructed from
the 1920s through the 1940s, have been identified in the state, some considerably altered, and all
manufactured by the Worcester Lunch Car Company from its plant on Franklin Street in
Worcester. Casey's, located at 32 South Avenue,Natick(1922,MHC#NAT.116), is the best
preserved of the ten-stoolers and believed to be the oldest operating diner in the Commonwealth,
and possibly the nation. Its comparatively diminutive size, approximately 10 feet by 20-1/2 feet,
plus its oak counter, eating shelf, and interior finishes,readily distinguish Casey's from later
diners with interiors of predominantly tile and porcelain enamel. The original owner of Casey's,
who had owned a horse-drawn lunch cart prior to purchasing the current diner,reportedly always
referred to the current diner as a lunch cart. [Gutman, p. 76] Judy's Diner at 906 Eastern
Avenue,Malden(1930s, Worcester Lunch Car Co.),while not a ten-stooler, is significant for its
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interior layout reminiscent of the old lunch wagons,consisting of a kitchen at one end of the diner
and the seating area at the other. This layout is an unusual survivor in Massachusetts.
By the 1920s,the stationary portable lunch cars, or diners,had surpassed the horse-drawn
lunch wagon as the dominant diner form in Massachusetts and elsewhere. These factory-built
diners were transported to their more or less permanent destinations by horse teams, special
dining car truckers, flatcars by railroad(although this method of transport was waning), or barges
by sea. Wheels were still present on some diners,and were employed in the hauling of a diner to
its new home. A 1930 account in Orra Stone's History of Massachusetts Industries identifies
typical destinations:
"Production [of diners] is now going to industrial establishments
where their use enables food to be cooked outside factory
buildings,thus reducing the fire hazard;to oil and gas purveyors,
who are locating the diners adjacent to filling stations;to
schools,restaurateurs, and to the general trade." [Vol.I,p.4901
Diners were no longer confined to downtown business districts and manufacturing centers,as far-
sighted operators began to locate their diners on highways to capture the attention of the motoring
public. With the dawning of the age of the roadside diner began a long tradition of diners on state
and federal automobile routes. Routes in Massachusetts with the greatest number of diners over
time include U. S.Route 1 north from Boston to the New Hampshire state line,U. S.Route 20
west from Boston to the Worcester suburbs,U. S.Route 6 from Cape Cod to Fall River in the
southeastern part of the state,U. S.Route 5 through the Connecticut Valley,and State Route 12
through Worcester County. Capitalizing on this new connection between the diner industry and
the automobile traveler was the goal of the Hi-Way Diners Club of New England,Inc.,formed in
Springfield in 1928. In conjunction with Brill Steel Diners,which had a subsidiary plant at
Wason Manufacturing Company in Springfield,the club sought to establish a chain of better
diners in the United States that were located on national highways. At least two diners are known
to have been installed, in downtown Springfield and in the Stuart Street section of Boston's
business district. [Gutman,pp. 71-72] Neither is extant.
An increase in the appeal of diners to a broader range of customers was evident by the 1920s
and can be attributed in part to an"eating-out boom"that seized the country after World War I.
In Main Street to Miracle Mile: American Roadside Architecture [Boston: Little Brown and
Company, 1985],Chester H.Liebs chronicles the evolution of this dining-out trend from leisurely
dining in restaurants to quick informal dining at roadside foodstands,diners, and"recreational
eating"establishments such as soda fountains and ice cream parlors. The trend had its roots in
the late 19th century,when cafeterias, delicatessens, and lunch counters served the working-day
lunch needs of industrial and subsequently white-collar workers. The increasing number of men
and women working away from home and a decline in the use and availability of domestic help to
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prepare meals were cited as factors contributing to the eating-out trend. Tearooms and the new
family restaurants met the need for highway eateries that were more convenient than downtown
restaurants or a roadside picnic, and offered"a respectable ambience." [Liebs,pp. 193-197] The
desire on the part of diner operators to draw women,and children, into the diner was a recurring
theme in the industry from the 1920s onward.In an effort to encourage female customers,who .
presumably would not sit on stools at the counter,tables and booths were introduced in the dining
area.
The practice of hauling of diners long distance allowed Massachusetts operators to acquire
and install diners manufactured in other states. The two earliest diners in Massachusetts
produced by out-of-state manufacturers were constructed in the 1920s. The Breakfast Club, at
478 West Housatonic Street,Pittsfield(1920s)was built by Ward&Dickinson, of Silver Creek,
New York. The firm,established in 1923 and in business until ca. 1940,built narrow trolley-
inspired diners. [Gutman, p.243] Jerry O'Mahony,Inc. of Elizabeth,New Jersey built Ted's
Diner, 67 Main Street,Milford(1920s). At least fourteen extant diners in Massachusetts were
produced by O'Mahony, almost all of them constructed after World War II.
In the mid-1920s, Worcester Lunch Car Company,the state's premier diner builder, offered
at least seven standard models of its barrel-roofed diner,the traditional diner prototype most
closely associated with the company for the next thirty years. A company promotional brochure
published ca. 1926 illustrates the steel-covered Worcester dining cars in sizes ranging from 10
feet by 20-1/2 feet, and seating ten at the counter,to 12 feet by 40 feet, and seating a total of
thirty-nine at both the counter and an eating shelf running along the inside front wall. The
Worcester cars were generally from eleven to seventeen bays across, including a center entry,and
two to four bays on the side elevations, including one side entry. The cars were built on wheels
for hauling to their destination. Interior finishes, including the counter, which the company also
described as a"bar,"were mostly of quartered oak or tile,while floors were tile and stools were
white porcelain enamel. Each car came fully equipped with dishes, silverware, and cooking
utensils, as well as a German Silver hood with at least two exhaust fans, a refrigerator ranging in
capacity from 300 to 600 pounds,depending upon the model, a steam table, a pie warmer, a cake
cabinet, a dessert display case,and in the larger models a stove custom built for Worcester by the
Glenwood Stove Company. Worcester dining cars were wired for electrical service,and had
piping for water hookup and gasoline heating and cooking. Prices for cars ranged from $3,350 to
$11,000,and a car could be purchased with a down payment and the balance due in monthly
installments. The company also built custom cars that differed from the standard models with
regard to size, seating,and cooking facilities,among other features.
A number of Worcester diners survive in excellent or good condition in Massachusetts, and
chronicle the evolution of the company's diner designs, particularly from the 1920s through the
1950s. The company built 651 lunch cars and diners between 1907 and 1957 [Gutman, pp. 161
and 2431, and updated,reconditioned, or remodeled an unknown number of their diners. Casey's
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in Natick(see above) is a fine example of the early 1920s Worcester car with a primarily wood
interior. Central Diner at 90 Elm Street, Millbury(1933,MHC#MIL.174) is a well preserved
diner retaining tile finishes in checkerboard-like patterns on the counter apron,backbar, walls,
and floors,and is also notable for its row of two-seater tables along the inside front wall. Other
fine examples of Worcester diners from the late 1920s and 1930s include Chadwick Square
Diner, 41 Prescott Street, Worcester(1928,Worcester#660,MHC#WOR.2137),Judy's Diner
in Malden (see above),Kenwood Diner, 100 Main Street, Spencer(ca. 1933,MHC #SPE.220,
NRDIS, Spencer Town Center Historic District),Timmy's Diner,Worcester Road, Framingham
(1933,Worcester#711)and Boulevard Diner, 155 Shrewsbury Street,Worcester(1936,MHC
#WOR.2059).
Both Central Diner and Chadwick Square Diner exhibit a distinctive roofline characteristic
of several Massachusetts diners built in the late 1920s and early 1930s: the closed barrel
(rounded hipped)roof with a full-length clerestory. This monitor roof design could be seen on
certain parlor, sleeping, and dining cars of the railroad built between ca. 1865 and ca. 1920, as
well as certain models of streetcars built between ca. 1900 and ca. 1935. [See Phillips and
Carlson and Harding in bibliography.] Production of this type of diner was a logical extension of
the business of railroad car and streetcar manufacturers. The dining car division of J. G. Brill
Company of Philadelphia,Pennsylvania began building monitor roof diners in 1927 at its
subsidiary plants in Springfield,Massachusetts and Cleveland, Ohio. [Gutman, p. 225] Its
Springfield division was Wason Manufacturing Company, located in the Brightwood section of
the city. Wason built railway and electric streetcars in addition to automobile bodies, motor
boats, and airplanes. [Stone,pp.490-4911 Wason turned out the first all-steel-frame dining car in
the country; previously, any steel supports were employed in conjunction with wood framing. In
addition to the monitor roof,the Brill(Wason diners featured doors at either end of the diner,
another detail borrowed from railroad cars and streetcars. Capitol Diner,at 431 Union Street
Lvnn(1928, MHC#LYN.28), is the only identified Brill/Wason diner in Massachusetts. Brill
operations in Springfield ceased in 1932.
Worcester Lunch Car Company built most of the monitor-roof diners surviving in the state.
Central Diner, Chadwick Square Diner(see above), and Kathy's Diner,formerly Miss
Northampton, 8 Strome Avenue,Northampton(ca. 1930,MHC#NTH.2063,NRDIS)are among
the better preserved examples. More altered examples, including those in which the original
clerestory has been covered over, include Green Island Diner, formerly Luke's Diner, 162
Millbury Street,Worcester(1929,MHC#WOR.2086)and Airport Diner, Lancaster Road,
Shirley(ca. 1930,MHC 4SRL.208).
With regard to Massachusetts survivals,far more unusual than the diner that resembled a rail
car was the diner that actually had been a rail car. Sisson's Diner, 561 Wareham Street, (South)
Middleborough(ca. 1926-1928,Wason Manufacturing, MHC#MID.163), is the only
Massachusetts diner identified to date that originally operated as a streetcar. The car reportedly
belonged to the fleet operated by the Middleborough,Wareham &Buzzards Bay Street Railway,
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chartered in 1901. The MW&BB was in receivership by 1905,when it was acquired by the
newly formed Taunton&Buzzards Bay Street Railway, itself absorbed in 1906 by the New
Bedford& Onset Street Railway Company. In 1926 the New Bedford& Onset abandoned its
Wareham to Middleborough branch, and the following year buses replaced streetcars on the
remainder of the line. Elmer Sisson converted one of the retired streetcars to the diner that bears
his name. [Carlson and Harding,pp. 93-98; Gutman,p. 1423 Further investigation is needed to
determine whether Sisson's was originally an open streetcar(i.e.,without walls enclosing the
car), as well as the extent to which the streetcar was remodeled. The original streetcar Sisson
converted apparently had an open barrel roof rather than the closed barrel roof with clerestory
that distinguishes the rail car-inspired diners in Massachusetts. Sisson's Diner retains a headlight
at its southern end.
For the most part, diners were the typical entrepreneurial business venture,and the industry
attracted a number of owners and operators who did not necessarily have experience in the
restaurant business. A sales brochure for the Worcester Lunch Car Company touted the benefits
of the dining car,or diner,to prospective purchasers:
"The Dining Car is a money maker. Unlike restaurants, it is
busy all day and night. There are no dull times. People drop
into a dining car anytime to get a bite to eat. Once you become
established,you will have a constant profitable business. People
must eat. Repeat orders are certain if the food is good. There are
no dull seasons, and your profits are big—big and constant.
Offer food to people in a spotlessly clean dining car where they
can see it cooked,and you will find a ready market for your
food. People like to know that the food they eat is fresh, and
cooked in clean, sanitary surroundings." [Worcester Lunch Car
Company, p. 11
The diner also proved to be a popular business venture to undertake during the Depression,when
potential operators saw the demand for inexpensive meals and the opportunity for conducting a
small-scale independent business with low overhead.
Diner operations tended to stay within families, and several diners in Massachusetts have had
long-term historical associations with the families of their original owners. In some cases,the
owners of diners in the 1930s, 1940s,and 1950s were the descendants of lunch cart operators, in
the same town,during the 1910s and 1920s. Casey's in Natick, Central Diner in Millbury,and
Al Mac's Diner-Restaurant in Fall River(see below)are typical examples. Further research is
needed to determine whether diner owners and operators in Massachusetts historically engaged in
businesses in addition to running the diner,or invested all their time and financial resources in the
diner alone.
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During its brief existence from 1936 to 1942, Sterling Diners,operated by J.B.Judkins
Company of Merrimac,made important contributions to the history of diner design in
Massachusetts. The Judkins company had manufactured carriages and later custom automobile
bodies before moving into the business of building its wood-frame Sterling diners. Sterling
produced traditional barrel-roofed diners, dinettes(small-scale,one-man-operation diners
introduced during the Depression years), and streamliners. The owner, J. B. Judkins III, acquired
Berton G. Harley's patent for a sectional or modular diner design,upon which the early Sterling
diners were based, and in 1939 acquired the patent of Roland L. Stickney of New York City,
upon which the distinctive Sterling Streamliner model was based. [Gutman, pp. 114,239-240]
The earliest Sterling diner extant, Finely Fran's of Worcester(1936, Sterling#363,MHC
#WOR.2126), was the third Sterling diner built. This barrel-roofed diner with monitor has had
much of its interior fixtures removed and,threatened with demolition in 1997, is now in storage at
the Worcester Airport in Worcester. A barrel-roofed Sterling diner is the former White Way
Grille, 43 Boston Street,Lynn(1941, MHC#LYN.192),the interior of which was gutted in the
conversion to its current retail use. The only identified example of a dinette in Massachusetts
also was manufactured by Sterling: Jim's Old Colony Diner, Old Colony Road, Mansfield
(built between 1936 and 1942, substantial exterior alterations).
Sterling Diners introduced the streamliner to the Massachusetts diner industry. From the
mid-1930s to World War II,diner designs in Massachusetts and elsewhere took a distinctly
modern turn,reflecting the impact of machine-age industrial design on American culture. The
inevitable connection between diner building and the manufacturing of trains and automobiles in
particular brought the aesthetics of streamlining to diner design. Streamlining emphasized a
smooth,rounded, "aerodynamically contoured"form, inspired first and foremost by airplane
designs and other transportation vehicles of the 1920s and 1930s such as dirigibles, ships, and
ocean liners. This streamlined aesthetic began to become apparent in train and automobile design
by the early 1930s. [Wilson et al.,p. 55]. The new emphasis on streamlining in diners conveyed
a sense of movement at the same time diners were unquestionably stationary, an irony Gutman
describes as"the immobilization of mobility." [p. 113] In Massachusetts diners,two strains of
streamlining are evident: the application of streamlining principles to create the streamliner diner
type,exhibiting the aerodynamic features closely associated with mobility; and the later, usually
stainless steel, diners that reflect the influence of streamlining and machine aesthetics in their
horizontal emphasis,massing, and materials but demonstrate less obvious associations with
mobility in their design.
The streamliner type of diner is very rare in Massachusetts today. Sterling Diners built the
only surviving examples in the state of the"pure"streamliner form: My Tin Man Diner at 808
MacArthur Boulevard. Bourne at Pocasset(1940, Sterling production number unknown), and The
Salem Diner at 70-1/2 Loring Avenue, Salem (1941, Sterling#4106). Both diners display the
distinctive closed barrel(rounded hipped)roof plus curved, "shovel-nosed"ends. In the 1940s,
Worcester Lunch Car Company built two diners similar in form to the Sterling Streamliner, and
which the Worcester company's carpenters called"circular"diners;neither diner is extant. As an
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alternative,Worcester Lunch Car Company introduced the"semi-streamliner,"which had the
standard barrel or monitor roof and featured slightly canted end walls rather than the curving
walls of the streamliner. These semi-streamliners reportedly were more popular among
prospective diner purchasers than the more distinctive streamliners. [Gutman,p. 1151 The
recently restored Rosebud Diner, Summer Street Somerville at Davis Square(1941,MHC
#SMV.209,LHD),a monitor-roofed example, is one of very few semi-streamliners remaining in
the state. In recent years two Worcester semi-streamliners have been moved out of state: the
Peerless Diner,formerly in Lowell, and Hudson Diner(also known as Lamy's),formerly in
Hudson.
By World War II,the venerable horse-drawn lunch wagons were a memory in Massachusetts.
The Victorian-era origins of the monitor-roofed diners seemed more pronounced after the
aerodynamic-looking streamliners appeared on the scene. The barrel-roofed diner so closely
associated with the Worcester Lunch Car Company, and which embodied the image of the
traditional diner in New England,continued to be in demand. Yet, some in the Massachusetts
diner industry were ready for a new,more modem, look,which came in the form of stainless steel
exteriors. The earliest steel-clad diner in the state is believed to be Kenmore Diner, 250 Franklin
Street.Worcester(ca. 1940, Jerry O'Mahony,MHC#WOR.2224, interior altered). The Kenmore
adds rounded corners and horizontal bands of stainless steel and porcelain enamel to what is
essentially the old monitor-roof dining car form.
Diners Go Deluxe(ca. 1945 to ca. 1960)
Large,usually stainless steel, diners characterized the diner industry in Massachusetts in the
post-World War II era. Over fifty diners in Massachusetts today date to this period,most
manufactured by companies headquartered in either New Jersey--Fodero Dining Car Company
of Bloomfield,Mountain View.Diners of Singac,Jerry O'Mahony,Inc. of Elizabeth,and Silk
City Diners of Paterson-- or New York(DeRaffele Manufacturing Company of New Rochelle).
Representing the later part of the period are diners manufactured by two more New Jersey
companies--Kullman Industries,Inc. of Avenel and Master Diners of Pequannock.
Worcester Lunch Car Company manufactured at least one-third of the diners in
Massachusetts that date from the postwar years, principally in the late 1940s. The traditional
barrel-roofed diner form for which the Worcester company was known encountered stiff
competition from the stainless steel diner manufacturers,who offered newer forms and finishes.
Worcester Lunch Car Company did not even add stainless steel to its diner exteriors until 1952.
The diner continued to evolve functionally and stylistically during the post-World War II
years. A greater desire to attract families led to larger size diners with an emphasis on table and
booth service. Cooking was removed from the area behind the counter to a separate kitchen.
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National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet The Diners or Massachusetts
Multiple Property Listing
Section number E Page Io
Interiors commonly featured fluorescent lights,mirrors,terrazzo floors, and pastel color schemes.
Improvements in mechanical ventilating systems eliminated any need for a monitor roof with
clerestory windows or even operable windows in the dining area,as fixed plate glass windows
became the rule in most diners except the Worcester models. Stainless steel was widely used on
exteriors, often in combination with colored accents in porcelain enamel, and the lingering
influence of prewar streamlining was seen in rounded corners and horizontal detailing. Many
stainless steel diners in Massachusetts actually have a common form: typically rectangular
massing, low-pitched or flat roof,a projecting center entry vestibule, and rear kitchen wing.
Good examples of the stainless steel form and finishes include the Mattapoisett Diner, 81.
Fairhaven Road Mattapoisett(1950,Mountain View#309),the Shawmut Diner,943 Shawmut
Avenue,New Bedford(1953,O'Mahony), Al Mac's Diner-Restaurant, 135 President Avenue,
Fall River(1953,DeRaffele), and the Agawam Diner, 166 Newburvport Turnpike,Rowley(ca.
1954,Fodero,MHC#ROW.139). Jake's Diner, 114 Alden Road.Fairhaven(ca. 1952,
O'Mahony)is unusual in Massachusetts for its exterior walls of tile and stainless steel.
Continued advances in diner building resulted in construction of sectional diners, or diners
that were manufactured and shipped in sections and assembled on site. This type of construction
made possible the large diners of the postwar period. The best preserved example is the stainless
steel Corner Lunch at 133 Lamartine Street, Worcester(1950s DeRaffele,with alterations in
1968 by Musi Dining Car Company,MHC#WOR.2061). About one-third of the original main
block was moved in 1968 to the rear of the diner to serve as the kitchen wing. Musi's remodeling
of the Corner Lunch is believed to be the only example in New.England of diner work by the
company,which is still based in Carteret,New Jersey.
Worcester Lunch Car Company continued to produce primarily porcelain enamel-clad diners
during this period. Notable examples include Bob's White City Diner at Rawlins Avenue,
Marlborough(1947, Worcester#802),the Miss Worcester at 300 Southbridge Street,Worcester
(1948, Worcester#812),and Wilson's Diner at 507 Main Street,Waltham(1949, Worcester
#819). Main Street Diner at 901 Main Street. Woburn(1952, Worcester,production number
undetermined)was a custom diner and one of the first Worcester models to include stainless steel
on the exterior walls. The traditional barrel-roofed diner popularized by Worcester did not
survive the 1950s; during this period the form came to be considered out of date and less
desirable than the modern diner.
On occasion Worcester Lunch Car Company was contracted to update or expand some of its
older diners. Available records provide only sketchy information as to which diners the company
updated. After World War II,Worcester is known to have made changes ranging from installing
a sandwich board (Casey's,Natick,see above),to changing the backbar area to accommodate a
deep freezer(Central Diner,Millbury, see above),to enlarging and reconfiguring the.size of the
dining area(Miss Florence Diner,99 Main Street Northampton at Florence, 1930s,MHC
#NTH.111).
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts 10 Statement of Historic Context
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet The Diners of Massachusetts
Multiple Property Listing
Section number E Page 11
Constant pressure to update diners,plus an increased demand for new diners,created a market for
secondhand and reconditioned diners beginning in the 1930s. The purchaser.of a secondhand
diner received, in an"as is"condition, a diner that had been traded in by another owner. The
reconditioned diner,on the other hand,was completely overhauled in the factory before reselling
[Gutman,p. 98). Information on which diners in Massachusetts may have been secondhand or
reconditioned diners is not readily available. One example for which only limited history is
known is Charlie's Diner at 344 Plantation Street,Worcester(1948,Worcester#816,MHC
#WOR.2031). About 1951 Charles D. Turner purchased the diner"used" from Worcester Lunch
Car Company. Previously the diner had been located in Wareham.
The desire to update and expand a diner's operations also resulted in two of the state's
earliest built-on-site diners,Town Diner and Blue Diner,both built in 1947. Town Diner at 627
Mt Auburn Street,Watertown(N.D. C. Construction,MHC#WAT.298)combines the barrel
roof and porcelain enamel cladding of the traditional diner in Massachusetts with the curved ends,
glass block,and center entry of the streamlined models from the early 1940s. Town Diner was
constructed to replace an original ca. 1920s Worcester lunch car,which is now the kitchen to the
rear and obscured by a series of later rear additions. Blue Diner at 178 Kneeland Street, Boston
(B.L. Gallo, architect,MHC#BOS.1836,NRDIS, Leather District)replaced a barrel-roofed
diner on the same site.
The Diner-Turned-Restaurant(ca. 1960 to the present)
The Town Diner in Watertown and Al Mac's Diner-Restaurant in Fall River mark the
beginnings of a trend in the Massachusetts diner industry toward creating a restaurant ambience.
After World War II, diners began to promote themselves as places for a leisurely family meal. In
the 1960s this trend crystallized as the industry also sought to distinguish itself from the new fast
food chains, which offered standardized quick meals at low prices. According to Richard
Gutman,the diner's new image became conservative, not flashy, and the diner itself was"striving
to be more than a roadside restaurant." [p. 1811. Some diner operators described their businesses
as diner-restaurants while other operators, and some of the diner manufacturers, dropped the diner
name altogether.
In connection with the effort to attract families,the form and appearance of the diner were
modified,with such changes as an increase in tables rather than booths, a decrease in the number
of counter stools, and an emphasis on traditional architectural detailing. Short-lived attempts at
futuristic designs in the 1960s were quickly replaced by more traditional colonial styling,both
exterior and interior,which blended better with.suburbia,where new diners continued to be
installed on routes with easy automobile access. The only colonial diner in Boston,Victoria
Diner-Restaurant, now known as Victoria Dining, 1024 Massachusetts Avenue,Boston(1965,
Swingle Diners Inc.,Middlesex,New Jersey) is the best example identified to date of the diner-
to-restaurant trend in Massachusetts. [Gutman,p. 184] Replacing a stainless steel O'Mahony
diner,the Victoria was still prefabricated and assembled on site,but conveyed the appearance of a
permanent,restaurant building rather than a rail car or stationary portable building.
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts I1 statement of Historic Context
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United States Department of the Interior
National Paris Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
The Diners of Massachusetts
E 12
Multiple Property Listing
Section number Page
The Fillin' Station, 372 State Road. Whately(early 1960s, Kullman Industries,MHC
#WHA.10) is perhaps the earliest example of contemporary diner design in Massachusetts. The
diner is the better preserved of two Kullmans in the state,the other being encased in a later
building in Pittsfield. More research is needed to establish a context for the Fillin' Station,which
reportedly was erected in Whately about 1970 in conjunction with a gas station and truck stop
complex off Interstate 91.
Not many diners installed or constructed from the 1960s onward have been identified in
Massachusetts. In the 1970s,Mediterranean-inspired designs were introduced. The traditional
designs like colonial and Mediterranean made use of standard building finishes rather than the
'porcelain enamel and stainless steel of earlier eras. From ca. 1980 to the present,typical diner
designs included the"greenhouse" look and old style or"classic"diners;these diners were not
investigated for this nomination. Systematic identification of diner-restaurants in the state is
needed.
(end)
The Diners of Massachusetts 12 Statement of Historic Context
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
Section number F Page 13 Multiple Property Submission
20th CENTURY COMMERCIAL ARCIRTECTURE:
THE DINERS OF MASSACHUSETTS
F. ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES
I. Description
A. First Property Type: Lunch Wagon/Lunch Cart—Physical and Associative
Characteristics
Physical Characteristics The lunch wagon(or lunch cart)is an enclosed prefabricated wagon on
wheels, intended to be horse-drawn. The cart has a wood frame, a barrel roof,either transom windows at
the ends of the cart or a monitor roof with a clerestory for ventilation, and painted wood paneling or
galvanized steel panels for exterior sheathing. Any example will be set upon a foundation that is later
than the cart. The length of the lunch wagon or cart is generally two to three times the width,with a
length of between about sixteen to twenty-six feet on average. Generally examples will incorporate a
sliding door or pocket door at the center of the fagade; secondary entrances, if any,on the end walls;
operable windows of stained,frosted,flash, or etched glass; varnished natural wood on the interior; a
kitchen or food preparation area separated from the dining area by a counter; and a dining area with
standing room or seating on stools at the counter and/or an eating shelf, if present. The"ten-stooler,"
consisting of ten stools at the counter, is typical. Signage is on the exterior panels of the cart. Of all the
diner property types,the lunch wagon or cart is the most rare in Massachusetts today and the most likely
to have been altered.
Associative Characteristics Lunch wagons were the precursor to the modern diner in
Massachusetts and were the sole form of diner in the state from the 1880s to the early 1920s. Mounted
on wheels, lunch wagons were horse-drawn in the streets at night and removed from the streets by
morning. Their operators catered to the so-called"night-lunch"or"night-owl'trade,which served
factory workers and others who needed a quick meal in the late night or early morning hours. Lunch
wagons typically operated in urban areas--particularly manufacturing and retail districts--and in town
centers. The lunch wagon or cart evolved from a horse-drawn wagon operated during late evening and
early morning hours to a stationary portable lunch car located off the road and open around the clock.
Beginning ca. 1905 wheels started to be used only to haul the lunch cart to its destination.
Samuel Messer Jones(1854-1926) introduced the lunch wagon idea to Worcester in 1884 and
Springfield in 1889. Jones, Thomas H. Buckley, and Charles H.Palmer were the principal builders of
the early lunch wagons or carts in Massachusetts. From the 1910s through the early 1920s the Worcester
Lunch Car Company led the state in large-scale production of the new stationary portable lunch cars.
Horse-drawn lunch wagons and stationary portable lunch cars are particularly significant for their
associations with the early decades of the diner industry, not just in Massachusetts but nationally.
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts / Associated Property Types
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
Section number F Page 14 Multiple Property Submission
B. Second Property Type: Barrel Roof Diner—Physical and Associative Characteristics
Physical Characteristics The barrel roof diner is the traditional diner form in Massachusetts.
Factory-built and hauled to its site,these diners generally have a boxy appearance, a symmetrical fagade,
and entries generally on the short(end)walls,though a center entry on the long elevation is sometimes
seen. Typical features include a wood or steel frame, exterior panels of either painted steel or porcelain
enamel, a brick or concrete foundation,and a continuous band of double-hung windows with transoms
on the facade. The major distinguishing feature of this property type is the barrel roof,either with open
eaves at the end walls or, less commonly,a closed barrel(rounded hipped)roof. On early examples the
barrel roof extends over the entries on the two short walls; later examples tend not to continue the
roofline over the entries but instead have flat projecting canopies at the ends. The interior typically
features booths in the dining area,though also seen are the older layouts more commonly associated with
lunch carts: a ten-stooler arrangement at the counter,an eating shelf along the inside fagade wall, or
even a dining area at one short end of the car with the kitchen at the other. More interior features and
finishes include tile walls and floor; counters of white marble,white opalite, or Formica; white counter
stools of white porcelain enamel; built-in refrigerators and other fixtures; and more equipment in the
backbar area. Signage is painted on the exterior apron panels below the windows on the long elevation,
or mounted above the windows. Examples of this property type are most susceptible to alterations in
cladding and roof materials.
Associative Characteristics The barrel roof diner dominated the diner landscape in
Massachusetts from about the mid-1920s to ca. 1950. Most closely associated with the dawning of the
roadside diner era,during which an automobile was necessary to reach many diners, examples of this
property type were installed on state and federal roadways and near important crossroads, in addition to
the more established downtown business district and manufacturing district locations. The barrel roof
diner also may be considered the first true"diner,"as the term is popularly known, in Massachusetts.
Diner historian Richard J. S. Gutman identifies ca. 1923-1924 as the point at which the night lunch
wagon or cart began to become known as the dining car or diner. An allusion to the fine dining then
offered in dining cars on the railroads,the diner name also reflected a change in fare from night-only
meals to meals served around the clock. The introduction of booths in the dining area, which also
occurred in the mid-1920s, was intended to encourage female customers,who presumably would not sit
at the counter on stools. As the earliest and most pervasive form of diner in Massachusetts for a
generation,the barrel roof diner reflects changes to the image and desired clientele of the diner over
time. Worcester Lunch Car Company manufactured almost all examples of this property type in
Massachusetts, though a handful of diners were produced by other manufacturers, particularly Jerry
O'Mahony Inc. of Elizabeth,New Jersey.
(continued)
The Diners ofMassochusetts 2 Associated Property Types
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
Section number F Page 15 Multiple Property Submission
C. Third Property Type: Rail Car Diner—Physical and Associative Characteristics
Physical Characteristics This property type includes factory-built diners bearing a resemblance
to railroad cars or streetcars or, rarely, a former railroad car or streetcar converted to a diner. Hauled to
its site,the rail car diner has a wood or steel frame,a foundation of brick or concrete, and exterior panels
of either painted galvanized steel or porcelain enamel. On most examples,the rail car inspiration is
evident in the closed barrel(rounded hipped)roof with full-length clerestory windows, and the long
fagade--typically 10 to 14 bays--with integral entries in the short end walls. Variations that are much
less common include a barrel roof with open ends and clerestory,or a center entry on the long wall rather
than entries on the short end walls. There are no distinguishing interior features specific to the rail car
diner other than the effect of having two end-wall entries,when present. Examples of this property type
are most susceptible to alterations in cladding and roof materials, and particularly the covering of the
clerestory windows,as well as the construction of incompatible additions.
Associative Characteristics Both inspired by and an outgrowth of railroad car and streetcar
design,the rail car diner is a discrete phenomenon in the diner industry. Known examples of this
property type in Massachusetts were constructed in the late 1920s and early 1930s,the product of the
decline and subsequent abandonment of streetcar lines in the Commonwealth, the influence of"fine
dining"cars on railroad lines,and the suitability of the rail car form for diner use. Original rail cars
converted to diners are rare survivals in Massachusetts. More common is the factory-built diner showing
the rail car influence in its design. Production of rail car diners was a logical extension of the business of
streetcar and railroad dining car manufacturers. In Massachusetts, J. G. Brill Company of Philadelphia
began building monitor-roof diners in 1927 at its subsidiary plant, Wason Manufacturing Company of
Springfield, a builder of railway and electric streetcars. Worcester Lunch Car Company also
manufactured diners of this type. Like examples of the barrel roof diner, examples of this property type
were installed on major roadways and near important crossroads, in addition to the more established
downtown business district and manufacturing district locations.
D. Fourth Property Type: Streamliner—Physical and Associative Characteristics
Physical Characteristics A factory-built diner hauled to its site,the streamliner has a distinctive
form,with a closed barrel(rounded hipped)roof and either one or both short end walls having a curved,
"shovel-nosed"profile. The streamliner form has been likened to the form of a bullet. Known examples
of the property type in Massachusetts are wood or steel frame and clad with porcelain enamel panels.
Ornamental detailing in a contrasting color, if any,typically runs horizontally on the building and
accentuates the appearance of mobility conveyed by the streamlined form. Another element contributing
to the streamlined appearance of the diner is a rooftop fin for ornamental and often signage purposes; on
examples without the fin, roof-mounted signage is usually present. The entry is most often located on a
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts 3 Associated Property Types
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
Section number F Page 16 Multiple Property Submission
long wall, and fenestration can include bands of thin rectangular windows in the curved ends. Though
interior finishes generally are typical of other diners of the 1930s and early 1940s,the interior space is
distinctive,with freestanding tables and chairs or curved booth seating occupying the curved"nose-end"
of the diner. As a property type, a streamliner in its architectural features is distinct from other,
generally later, diner forms that reflect the influence of streamlining and machine aesthetics but
demonstrate less obvious associations with mobility in their design. A modified version of the
streamliner is the"semi-streamliner,"with either a barrel or monitor roof and featuring slightly canted
end walls. Streamliners and semi-streamliners are rare in Massachusetts today.
Associative Characteristics Perhaps more than any other diner property type,the streamliner in
its design evokes the diner's early history as a mobile building. Constructed from.1939 to 1942,the
streamliner reflects the influence of industrial design of the 1920s and 1930s. The form mimicked the
look of streamlined locomotives and automobiles. J. B. Judkins Company of Merrimac and the
Worcester Lunch Car Company constructed all known examples in Massachusetts. A former builder of
custom automobile bodies,J. B. Judkins Company entered the diner-building industry after the
Depression and produced the Sterling Streamliner. Later in the 1930s, Worcester Lunch Car Company
introduced two streamlined models: the model with curved nose at the short ends(also known as the
double-ended bullet or"circular diner")and a more popular model with canted ends(known as the
"semi-streamliner"). While streamlining was introduced to diner design through the distinctive shape of
diners of this property type,the influence of streamlining persisted in diner design for over twenty-five
years. The typical location of the streamliner reflected a shift from downtown business district and
manufacturing areas to roadside sites with parking lots,especially on heavily traveled highway routes.
The streamliner's relationship with the road and the automobile is a key factor in its eligibility.
E. Fifth Property Type: Stainless Steel Diner—Physical and Associative Characteristics
Physical Characteristics The stainless steel diner was the quintessential modern diner in
Massachusetts after World War II. Factory-built and hauled to its site,the stainless steel diner was also
the first type of diner present in Massachusetts that could be constructed and hauled in sections. An
example of this property type typically has a steel frame, flat or low-pitched roof,high foundation of
concrete or brick,and rectangular massing with a projecting entry vestibule centered on the fagade.
Monitor roofs are uncommon but may be seen in early(1940s)examples of this type. The major
character-defining feature is the stainless steel exterior, generally with porcelain enamel metal accents
that run horizontally,though sometimes vertically, above and below the windows. Many examples of
this property type also display rounded corners, large windows of fixed plate glass, steel fin-like dividers
between windows,a pair of steel and glass entries in the projecting vestibule, a clock centered at the top
of the vestibule, and steel ornament in quilted, sawtooth,or other patterns. Signage is most commonly
located on the roof, and consists of either individual channel letters in neon or one roof-mounted sign.
On the interior,the stainless steel diner displays a cove ceiling, steel on the walls and back bar,tile or
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts 4 Associated Property Types
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
Section number F Page 17 Multiple Property Submission
terrazzo floors, and a Formica counter. Counter stools are steel, and booths are steel or wood generally
covered in vinyl. The entry vestibule, exterior and interior, is the most common location of alterations
on the stainless steel diner,usually with replacement finishes,handrails at the stairs, or entries. Rear
kitchen wings,usually wood-frame or concrete block,are common on examples of this property type;
some appear to be original.
Associative Characteristics Presenting an image of efficiency, cleanliness, and machine-inspired
modernity,the stainless steel diner was the most popular diner form in Massachusetts from ca. 1945 to
ca. 1960. Mountain View Diners, Jerry O'Mahony Inc.,DeRaffele Diners, Silk City Diners, and Fodero
Dining Car Company,all diner manufacturers based in New Jersey or New York, produced almost all
examples of the property type in Massachusetts. As the modern alternative to the traditional barrel-
roofed diner in Massachusetts,the stainless steel diners were immensely popular and posed a challenge
to Worcester Lunch Car Company,whose traditional porcelain enamel-clad, barrel-roofed diners with
wood-trimmed interiors failed to compete successfully with the newer stainless steel designs. The
Worcester company did come out with its own model of stainless steel diner in 1952 but by that time
could not recapture its share of the diner-building market. Advances in diner design and construction
enabled diner manufacturers to offer sectional,or split,diners;which could be transported in pieces and
assembled on site. The typical location of stainless steel diners, like that of the earlier streamliner form,
reflected a shift from downtown business district and manufacturing areas to roadside sites with parking
lots, especially on heavily traveled highway routes. The stainless steel diner's relationship with the road
and the automobile is a key factor in its eligibility.
H. Significance
Examples of all five property types—lunch cart/lunch wagon,barrel roof diner, rail car diner,
streamliner, and stainless steel diner—are an important physical manifestation of the diner industry in
Massachusetts from the late 19th century to ca. 1970 as described in the historic context above. An
example of any of the five property types will meet the National Register criteria and criteria
considerations, at the state and local levels, as discussed in this section.
A. National Register Criteria
Criterion A All examples will meet this criterion for associations with the development of the
diner industry in the Commonwealth and with the development of the community or region in which
they are located. Refer to Section E,Statement of Historic Context for more detailed information.
Criterion B Some examples may meet this criterion for integral associations with the productive
lives and work of noted people in the diner industry. Refer to Section E, Statement of Historic Context
for more detailed information.
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts 5 Associated Property Types
IeSfan•IONaa� owe Agva•rww�oeaao�e
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
Section number F Page IS Multiple Property Submission
Criterion C All examples will meet criterion as examples of diner form and style in the
Commonwealth. Some will be examples of the work of master designers (in this case, diner
manufacturers) and/or will possess high artistic value. Refer to Section E, Statement of Historic
Context for more detailed information.
Criterion D A few examples may meet criterion due to their potential to yield important
information about the evolution of the diner industry or diner building either through the study of extant
diners or through historic archaeological remains. Refer to Section E, Statement of Historic Context
for more detailed information.
B. National Register Criteria Considerations
With the occasional exception of Criteria Considerations B and G,the criteria considerations do
not apply to the five property types as a whole.
Criteria Consideration B Removal from one location and placement in another is inherent in the
portable nature of diners of all property types. Most diners have an orientation, setting, and general
roadside environment that are comparable to those of their historic location and compatible with their
significance. An example of any of the five property types need not meet Criteria Consideration B
unless it has been relocated to a site that is incompatible with the diner's original function. Examples of
all five property types are significant primarily for architectural value in a state and local context. Their
historic association with the community in which they are placed,while important, is a secondary factor
in their significance.
Criteria Consideration G Both scholarly research and the evaluation of the history of diners over
the last ten to fifteen years has provided the necessary historical perspective to determine that a diner is
exceptionally important. In addition, with very few exceptions, cities and towns in Massachusetts have a
single diner, if any at all. From the perspective of a community's architectural history,the diner form is
sufficiently unique to be considered of exceptional significance, provided the diner was located in
Massachusetts during the period of significance.
C. Level of Evaluation
Diners of all five property types are judged in a state as well as local context.
M. Registration Requirements
An example from any of the five property types must possess the physical and associative
characteristics discussed above and in Section E to be considered eligible for National Register listing.
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts 6 Associated Property Types
MSIa.�taWo-. ow�ar.o•rw�maCoie
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
Section number F Page 19 Multiple Property Submission
The primary associated characteristic,and the key registration requirement, is integral connections with
the development of the diner industry in the Commonwealth,namely the operation of diners in
Massachusetts during the period from the late 19th century to ca. 1970. To be eligible for nomination to
the National Register, an example from any of the five property types must have been operated in
connection with the diner industry in Massachusetts and maintain sufficient physical integrity to convey
that association. The factory-built diner need not have been manufactured in Massachusetts to be
eligible but should have been located in Massachusetts during the period of significance.
An example from any of the five property types also must retain integrity to the period of
significance. The physical condition and integrity of a diner is affected by changes in ownership and
management,which potentially can compromise these buildings over time. Retrofitting of interior
spaces and equipment, and construction of kitchen, service, or storage additions to meet business
demands is a common occurrence. Abandonment of these buildings or conversion to non-restaurant uses
also may compromise integrity.
Location and Setting An example of any of the five property types would not be expected to
retain integrity of location but always will possess integrity of setting. Given the portable nature of most
diners, a diner need not be in its historic location to be eligible, although a majority of the diners
identified to date in Massachusetts are believed to be on their original sites. Lunch wagons/lunch carts in
particular may not retain integrity of location, as they were mobile buildings placed onto permanent
foundations when it was no longer feasible or desirable to continue the original horse-drawn operation.
Extant examples of the lunch wagon/lunch cart property type,however, are extremely rare in
Massachusetts. With regard to setting,to be eligible a diner must be located in a historically appropriate
setting,with clear orientation to the street a critical factor,and such setting must be compatible with the
diner's historic function.
Factors that affect this type of integrity include changes in ownership and management, and
removal of the diner to a storage or museum location. These factors may be sufficiently detrimental to
integrity to preclude registration.
Design,Materials,and Workmanship An example of any of the five property types will always
possess a high degree of integrity of design,materials, and workmanship. These are important integrity
factors for each of the five property types. Refer to Section E,Statement of Historic Context,for more
detailed information.
Factors that typically affect this type of integrity include modification of the original roof line or
eave line,or addition of historically inappropriate exterior cladding such as synthetic siding or roof
shingles. In examples of the rail car type, irreversible alteration to or elimination of the rooftop
clerestory windows, a key character-defining feature, would compromise integrity. In examples of the
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts 7 Associated Property Types
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United States Department of the Interior
National Paris Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Diners of Massachusetts
F/G 20 Multiple Property Submission
Section number Page P P m'
streamliner type, alteration of the profile of the curved end(s)would compromise integrity. Collectively
these factors may be sufficiently detrimental to integrity to preclude registration of the diner. Alteration
or removal of historic signage generally will not be considered sufficiently detrimental to compromise
the diner's integrity as a whole, nor will replacement of historic materials on the interior if the interior as
a whole maintains integrity to a large degree. Construction of wood-clad or concrete block additions for
kitchens and storage is consistent with the historic use of the diner over time and will not be considered
to compromise the diner's architectural integrity if such additions are located on the rear of the main
diner block and are clearly secondary to the main block in scale and massing.
Feeling and Association An example from any of the five property types must possess historic
associations with the diner industry in Massachusetts. This is a key integrity factor. Examples must
retain sufficient physical integrity as described above to be able to convey their relationships to and .
associations with the historic context described in Section E.
(end)
G. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
Diners must be sited within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,and must have always been open fox
business within the Commonwealth.
(end)
The Diners of Massachusetts 8 Associated Property Types
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
The Diners of Massachusetts
Multiple Property Submission
Section number H Page 21
METHODS
The multiple property listing, Twentieth-Century Commercial Architecture: The Diners of
Massachusetts,draws from over fifteen years of survey and research conducted by diner and
other cultural historians throughout the Commonwealth. Three principal sources for identifying
diners in Massachusetts are the directory of diners in Richard J. S. Gutman's American Diner
Then and Now [New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993],the Diner Finder Deluxe—
Massachusetts road map [Watertown,MA: Coffee Cup Publications, 1991],and the Inventory of
Historic Assets of the Commonwealth,the statewide historic properties inventory maintained by
the Massachusetts Historical Commission(MHC). In general,these sources provide the name of
the diner, previous names and locations, if known,the name of the manufacturer with model
number, if known, and the date of construction. Two additional sources have provided periodic
updates on the ownership, management, and location of diners in Massachusetts: Larry
Cultrera's"Diner Hotline,"published in each issue of the Societyfor Commercial Archeology
Journal, and Roadside Magazine(both online and hard-copy formats),published by Randolph
Garbin and Coffee Cup Publications.
Using the considerable amount of research already available for diners in Massachusetts,a
database was compiled during the first phase of the multiple property listing project,drawing
from the three principal sources cites above. This database,which includes over 150 diners
dating from the 1920s to the 1960s, allows the diners to be grouped by manufacturer, date of
construction, or geographic region of the Commonwealth. Condition, including restoration work
or alterations, also is noted. Existence of this database precluded the need for a systematic
reconnaissance field survey of the Commonwealth's 351 cities and towns. The database list
served as the primary means of identifying potential candidates for intensive survey and
evaluation under the multiple property listing.
Existing research also allowed for the development,during the first phase(year one)of the
project, of a draft statement of historic contexts, a draft description of associated property types,
and a bibliography. The narratives drew heavily from the groundbreaking work of diner historian
Richard J. S. Gutman,whose published studies constitute the most comprehensive social and
architectural history of diners available to date. The drafts were continually revised during the
second phase of the project as more information was gathered. Through analysis of the database
list and preparation of the draft narrative overviews,the following parameters emerged, which
ultimately influenced the selection of specific diners for intensive survey,evaluation, and
registration.
The large number of diners that are in excellent or good condition,or have been restored,
were targeted over more altered examples. Since most diners in the Commonwealth were
designed to be portable,removal of a diner from its original roadside location, either during or
after the period of significance, did not preclude the diner from consideration,provided the
(continued)
wsr�.�u,ya. oMe�,wrre�oTsoo�B
P�9
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet The Diners of Massachusetts
Multiple Property Submission
Section number H Page 22
current location has a roadside orientation. In this context,diners that were stick-built on
permanent foundations on site,to look like prefabricated portable diners,were of great interest.
The routine moving of diners from one location to another made a geographic representation
of diners across the different regions of the Commonwealth of less value than a study that focused
on manufacturer,the evolution of diner forms,and date of construction. The Worcester Lunch
Car Company of Worcester manufactured about half of the diners currently in Massachusetts.
There was a desire to trace evolutions in the form of the company's diner models,as represented
by extant examples from the 1920s through the early 1950s. At the same time,diners produced
by other Massachusetts manufacturers or out-of-state manufacturers are far less common, and
therefore well preserved examples of the work of those manufacturers were of great interest.
Roughly one-third of the Massachusetts diners for which construction dates are known were built
between 1949 (fifty years from the present)and ca. 1970 (the end-date for the historic context in
this multiple property listing). In the interest of having the registration documentation reflect the
full range of historic diners in Massachusetts,diners of fewer than fifty years in age were
considered. To be eligible for listing under this multiple property format, however,a diner had to
have been located in Massachusetts during its period of significance.
Each diner considered for registration under this multiple property listing was evaluated for
National Register eligibility by MHC staff. Some diners were not already represented in the
statewide inventory, and these diners were intensively surveyed and recorded on MHC inventory
forms for the first time. In certain other cases, existing MHC inventory forms were redrafted to
include current photographs, detailed descriptions of form and condition, and expanded
discussion of the diner's history, especially in the context of diners statewide. Each of the diners
selected for intensive survey had something about its architectural form or history that allowed
MHC staff and the project consultant to test different aspects of the National Register criteria.
This ensured that the eligibility requirements under this multiple property listing were not defined
too narrowly. Each completed inventory form included a National Register Criteria Statement for
formal evaluation by MHC staff. During the first phase(year one)of the project,budgetary and
time constraints limited the number of diners that were intensively surveyed to five. MHC staff
evaluated about twice that number for National Register eligibility. A working list of about forty-
five diners also was compiled during this phase of the project. This list identified diners eligible
for the National Register, diners that are significant but require additional investigation of their
integrity,and diners that retain their integrity but require additional historical research to confirm
their significance. This list is revised as more information is gathered.
The nine nominations included with this multiple.property listing were prepared during the
second phase(year two)of the project. They were chosen because they represent, as a group,a
cross-section of the state's diners in terms of period of significance, architectural form, and
manufacturer. In addition, nomination of some of these diners allowed for further exploration of
certain issues surrounding integrity and the application of the National Register criteria to this
(continued)
IVS rm.faa0e+ a+e Maa'rw fmamfe
1►ei ,
United States Department of the Interior
National Paris Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
The Diners of Massachusetts
Multiple Property Submission
Section number H Page 23
very significant and very vulnerable resource type. In addition to preparing the nine nominations
and finalizing the statement of historic contexts and associated property types section,the project
consultant conducted intensive surveys of another five diners,which were submitted to the MHC
for evaluation.
Project consultant Kathleen Kelly Broomer, an architectural historian and preservation
planner,completed the first and second phases of work under the multiple listing project. A third
phase,now underway,will produce nominations for another five diners,as well as detailed
inventory forms for ten more diners. Given the value of National Register listing in raising public
awareness and encouraging preservation of significant resources,the third phase is expected to
include certain diners that are vacant or otherwise endangered.
(end)
1P5 Fame toxoa. oue.ype+Jiw.ttp 18
A�Q
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
The Diners of Massachusetts
Multiple Property Listing
Section number I Page t
20th CENTURY COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE:
THE DINERS OF MASSACHUSETTS
I. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
The principal source for contextual information on diners is Richard J. S. Gutman's social
and architectural history of the building type,which appears below. See individual National
Register nominations for diner-specific references.
Baeder, John. Diners. New York: Harry N.Abrams,Inc., 1978.
Carlson, Stephen P. with Thomas W.Harding.From Boston to the Berkshires. A Pictorial
Review of Electric Transportation in Massachusetts. Boston: Boston Street Railway
Association, Inc., 1990.
Cultrera,Larry, ed. "Diner Hotline,"Societyfor Commercial Archeology(SCA)Journal,
recurring column, multiple issues.
----------- Interview(including comments on draft Historic Context and Associated Property
Types sections of National Register multiple property form),November 19, 1998.
Diner Finder Deluxe—Massachusetts [map and listing of diners in the state]. Watertown,MA:
Coffee Cup Publications, 1991.
"Finely Fran's is Finally Rescued."Roadside Magazine,24 (July 1997), p. 3.
Gutman,Richard J. S. American Diner Then and Now. New York: HarperCollins Publishers,
1993.
----------- Interview(including comments on draft Historic Context and Associated Property
Types sections of National Register multiple property form),November 23, 1998.
Inventory of Historic Assets of the Commonwealth. Massachusetts Historical Commission.
Liebs, Chester H. Main Street to Miracle Mile. American Roadside Architecture. Boston:
Little,Brown and Company, 1985.
Phillips, Lance. Yonder Comes the Train. NY: A. S. Barnes and Co., 1965.
(continued)
The Diners of Massachusetts ! Major Bibliographical References)
United St4tes Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
The Diners or Massachusetts
Section number i Page 25
Multiple Property Listing
"Road News" and "Napkin Notes."Roadside Magazine, recurring column, multiple issues.
Sacchi, Paula. "Walter Scott. Lunch Cart Pioneer." The Diner[American Diner Museum],
Spring 1997, pp. 2-3.
Society for Commercial Archeology. Diner theme issue. SCA Journal, 12(Fall-Winter 1993-
1994).
Stone, Orra L. History gfMassachusetts Industries. Vol. I. Boston-Chicago: The S. J. Clarke
Publishing Co., 1930:
Wilson, Richard Guy, Dianne H. Pilgrim, and Dickran Tashjian. The Machine Age in America.
1918-1941. New York: The Brooklyn Museum in association with Harry N. Abrams,
Inc., 1986.
Worcester [Diner] Tour. wwwl.usal.com/roadside/woodiner/worcdiner3 [Roadside
Magazine],April 15, 1997.
Worcester Lunch Car Company. Serving the World with Worcester Dining Cars [sales
brochure]. Worcester,MA: Worcester Lunch Car Company,no date [ca. 1926-1927].
American Antiquarian Society.
Worcester Lunch Car Company Record Books, 1914-1967, including Account books of lunch
car construction, 1914-1928, 1928-1931, 1932-1935, 1935-1940, 1940-1945, 1945-1967;
Time books, 1916, 1935, 1936; Record Book of Customers, 1955-1960; and file cards
with information for service of cars, ca. 1950s. Worcester Historical Museum.
(end)
The Diners of Massachusetts 2 Major Bibliographical References)
I
a New
i, riti '
d the
c�zeI
j4
which they say would cost the
state$1.9 billion.
One of the cuts would allow
More on the origins of the Salem Diner apeople to
ny Massaclatax creits for
chus tts tolls and ex-
To the Editor: clse taxes they paid last year.
under Gen.Patton. sold at the diner was baked by The other would decrease the
I wish to correct a minor error The original builder and owner Olie. state income tax from its cur-
that appeared recently in the of the diner was a gentleman from The night chef was also from rent 5.85 percent to 5 percent by
Salem News-concerning the wish Waltham named Frederick J. Te-d'-s home area.- His name 2003.
of the present owner of the Salem "Ted" Doherty and a partner who was Frank McNulty, and he was Cellucci has consistently sup-
Diner to close and sell it. It con was a well-known attorney in also a fine chef. ported tax cuts as a way to re-
tained some misinformation about Boston whose daughter later mar- The daytime short-order cook turn money to state residents.
it's origin, and I would like to cor- ried"Ted" (Due to age, etc. I have was named George.He was so fast He recalled the hard economic
rect this because this diner was an difficulties remembering names.) and accurate on the grill that the times of the late 1980s, and said
important part of my early The diner opened July 3, 1941. It chefs and the rest of us would the current boom is the perfect
working years, and I have some was a 24-hour-a-day business. watch him whenever we could. time to cut taxes.
fine memories of its owners and George and I worked non-stop for On Sylvania's daily lunch "If we're not competitive
employees. almost two days. I don't recall breaks when the "thundering when the economic downturn
When the Salem Diner's con- which one was sent home to sleep herd"broke from the Loring Av- comes, the same thing will
struction began I lived on Kimball first;I only know we had never be- enue plant to be first in the diner happen and the first thing the
Road in the only house on that fore seen so,many pots or pans or to order lunch,it was a scary sight. Legislature will cut, like they
street.It was behind an open lot on dishes in our lives as passed But George never seemed flustered did in the late'80s, is local aid,
y which an Italian restaurant was through our sinks on those two or other than cool. and they'll lay off teachers and
t built much, much later. I could days. This may seem unimportant to firefighters and police officers,"
look across Canal Street from my The second day the service man most,but it was my introduction he said. "I don't want that to
home and see the diner being built. was called to fix the coin machines to the world of earning a living, happen again."
Next door to the open lot on at the tablet jukeboxes. They were and I met numerous men and The strategy may have swayed
a Canal Street was the home of my rejecting coins when customers women at that time who were fine the state's mayors except for one
ng friend, George, who worked in the tried to play music.It was a simple examples of honesty and trustwor- thing, says North Adams Mayor
A diner when it opened as the"pearl repair. They were jammed with thiness. They were far better than John Barrett III: the Big Dig.
diver" (dishwasher) who alter- coins. They were emptied of the those making today's headlines. "It has an impact,there's no
nated shifts with me in a very money and music was heard once . I hope this information will cor- getting away from it," said Bar--
lowly, but very important,job.At again. rect any error concerning the rett, a Democrat who says he
0I'- that time we were the only dish- The day chef was a Swede origin of this diner and it's his- voted for Cellucci. "If those tax
washing "machines" in the place. named Olaf "Olie" Olson from tory, cuts go through, it will have a
Sadly, George later died in France Ted's home area. He was a great Harry Sultzbach ripple impact with all the
while fighting in World War II pastry chef as well. Most pastry Danvers moneys that are availa
in light of what's h '
What a , a with the Big
LL North
�, «� 1 r Ae
rt
L:o ntr
F:
Contln
o e
which must be ma in'age from 7 to 16; a cot
tectomy. (to surviving oreust
Yesterday at Salem Hospital, sionate community and workplace "
Danesh had the surgery — a cancer, and I've been that have supported her through „p
simple bilateral mastectomy—in able to send that message the ordeal; and a top-notch plastic
which both breasts were removed. surgeon(Dr.Beverly Shafer), who 3 k! ,
Because she now has a history of to many people here (at will reconstruct her breasts
cancer in both breasts, her sur- the health club)." helping her to"feel intact"
She's also grateful For mammo-
geon Dr. David Martini, recom-
mended the bilateral operation. —Fanny Danesh grams, which she began having 4 a.
ually when she was 40. "Early
"Otherwise, I'd be sitting on a ann
detection is key,and I've been able
time bomb,"she explained.
Last week, as she was antici- before, so I have what it takes to to send that message to many SMI L
pating the surgery,the 45-year-old cope with it,"Danesh said. "With people here (at the health club),"
emanated an inspiring calmness this,I've had to take everything in Danesh said. "If I hadn't had the People who feel good
and acceptance of her situation, stages.At first,I couldn't even say mammogram, I wouldn't have family,fYt
even while conceding to her grief. the words 'breast cancer.' Then, known about the cancer until it
"I'm mourning the loss of my when I first found out I had to have was in much later stages because
body parts," she said. "You know, a mastectomy, I was devastated. it wasn't something I could feel. We Can Show you your fu
I nursed four children with these But I've accepted it and I'm ready "I know'a lot of women who are done. A beautiful, confiden,
breasts.So,I'm sad." for the surgery. If they see more afraid to have mammograms but
But she's also strong. She's the cancer after the mastectomy, I they shouldn't be.A mammogram
_ daughter of two Holocaust sur- may have to have chemotherapy. may be the only way you will beat BENJAMII
vivors and overcame scoliosis But I can't think about that now. cancer," she added. "I know it's
when she was younger. The dis• I'm ready to deal with the surgery scary to find out you have cancer 100 Cum1T
13
ease shattered her dream of be- and the healing process.That's re- but it's weird how you really do BENJAMIN PHONE: 97
coming a ballerina but,in the end, ally all I can handle right now." what you have to do.You cry for a P o n N
made her a stronger person. Despite everything,Danesh says day and then you make the best of it. o M n www.EXce
"I've faced difficulties in my life she has many blessing to be And the ultimate goal is to survive."
Fitness: Money raised at Spin-A-Thon , , , _ C'
Continued from page Bi the Avon walk herself. people who didn't get a chance to
The Spin-A-Thon was an instant participate attended the party after
nwn pace." success, attracting enough spin- the Spin
and contributed
^hnson and others in the club ners to occupy 20 bikes for four money for the cause. , _ , , , 01,
spired to raise money for hours. Some participants.worked Energy Works, located at 169
^* when one of their out the entire four hours, while Rear Pleasant St., is still accepting • . - • V
Fanny Danesh, others rode for an hour or two and donations to support the walkers.
e disease then passed the bike on to someone For more information, ca11 (781)
.had a else. Marblehead resident Nancy 631-7030.
on Plympton raised the most money For more information about the
with a pledge ° ^ r Several Avon walls,visit wnvw.avon.com. _ ,
The Evening News, Salem,Mass.,Monday,February 14,2000 A$
Salem
Owner selling diner wants
a �
restaurant to stay in city
By ALAN BURKE �r
News staff
q t SALEM—It might be true that
a rose by any other name would
jb �' sit smell as sweet. But the Salem "
's �� Diner in any other city just
< p� � .
wouldn't be the Salem Diner any-
more.
A fixture on Loring Avenue and
v« Canal Street for nearly 60 years,
.;_ the diner has been put on the
market.Yet,even as he prepares to _
' give up a business that has been in
the family throughout its exis-
tence,owner Peter Tsoutsouras,34,
says that he wants to find a buyer
who will keep 1t News staff photo/Jonathon M.Whitmore
i p ' right where it is.
Keeping it in Salem is a worry, The Salem Diner on Loring Avenue.
because in the past he's received
two offers to purchase the unique Manufactured in Merrimack, The decision to step down from
building—styled like a railroad the restaurant is a Sterling the business came, according to
car—and move it. In one case it Streamline Diner, Car No. 6, one Peter, when his father decided to
a.: r
would have gone to Bourne, on of only two surviving diners that retire. "We were a partnership,"
Cape Cod. has escaped renovation. Within, it says Peter, who is single and lives
"And the other was somewhere retains the gleaming curves of an in Marblehead.
in Europe," he says. It's the dis- art deco railroad car—though it Peter Tsoutsouras now hopes too
* � tinctive diner architecture that at- is significantly larger than a real return to school and pursue a ca-
tracts buyers from so far away. car. reer in computers. Freed from ft
"But the diner is part of history "When I was little,growing up," long hours required in the restau-
? in Salem— it should stay here," says Tsoutsouras, "I used to drive rant business, he will also make a
Tsoutsouras says. "It's a place by and I thought it was a train." trip to Greece to see a cousin, who
where people start their mornings. His uncle Jim Kallas built the was, tragically,diagnosed with in-
4 I see different faces.I see the same restaurant in 1941. Peter's Greek- curable cancer only months after
faces every day." born dad, Theodore Tsoutsouras, his marriage.
The clientele is a mix of neigh- was then taken on as a cook.Even- Theodore Tsoutsouras, who is
News staff photo/Barbara Kennedy borhood regulars,business people, tually Theodore and cousin John almost as much an institution as
Heartfelt talk Maureen Welmert, a nurse at Shaughnessy-Kaplan Salem State students, "and even Kailas bought the place. By 1969, the restaurant itself,is expected to
Rehabilitation Hospital, talks to Saltonstall students about tourists from all over the world," Peter, recently graduated from travel and perhaps work part time,
coronary disease and how to keep their hearts healthy, In preparation for the school's jump- says Tsoutsouras. Salem State,had taken it over. His son grimaces when asked
rope fund-raiser this week. So far he's limited his sales ef- "It takes a special person to run his father's age. Finally, he smiles
forts to word-of-mouth.The land the a diner,"Peter explains."You have and confesses, "He won't ever tell
diner sits on,meanwhile,is leased. to be really good with the public." me."
SALEM CALENDAR MARGIN
Neighborhood will discuss Monday, Feb. 14 Sunday, Feb. 20 by wooden-boat photographer Benjamin STREET
Dal Festival through Friday,Feb.18. Salem Philharmonic concert,featuring Mendlowltz,7:30 p.m.,Liberty Street. SALEM
Lectures featuring a variety of scientists in Baverstam family of instrumentalists,3:30 Book-signing and reception to follow.
old Parker Brothers site Charlotte Fortin Halk fourth floor,Salem State pm,Salem High School auditorium Free and Members$6,nonmembers$9. OUALITY MARKET Opp Post Office
College library,352 Lafayette St All sessions open to the public. Reservations by Feb.20.(978)745-9500, MON. THRU SAT. SPECIALS
SALEM—A joint meeting of The meeting is being held free and open to the pudic For complete Ext.3011.
several community groups will jointly by the Federal Street schedule of speakers,call(978)5426236. Tuesday, Feb. 22 SATV to hold monthly membership FRESH GRADE A
be held Tuesday night to discuss Neighborhood Association, the Consumer understanding of 401K Chamber committee to host Spring social,7 pm,Salem Access Television. CHICKEN (e
neighborhood concerns about Ward 4/Gallows Hill Commu- Plans and other Investment*,talk by Fashion Show,5:30 to 8:30 pm,Hawthorne (978)740-9432• r
the proposed development of the nity Group, and the North Wayne Gates of John Hancock Mutual Hotel.Channel 5 news reporter Gail Huff will THIGHS39
former Parker Brothers site. River Historic Neighborhood Insurance Co.,11 am,Bates Commons, be the guest speaker.Cost is S40,which Thursday, Feb. 24
Several neighborhood groups Association. Salem State College South Campus.Free includes dimer and the show.Proceeds will 'The House of Semarda Alba,'by play- Ib.
have invited City councilors to The meeting is open to the and open to the public.(978)5426625. go to the Salem Women's Heritage Trail and wight Federico Garcia Lorca 8 pm,Callan FRESH GRADE A
attend a 7 p.m. meeting at the public. order of Ahepa "Ladles Nits," the Women s Friend Society.For reserves Studio Theatre,Salem State College.Runs
Cotting Smith Assembly House, The project developer, Jef- valentine's Day dinner meeting,6:30 pm, tions,call(978)744-0004 by Feb.15. Friday,Feb.25,Saturday,Feb.26 and WHOLE
Jimmy's Aworksho( on new
Sale CHICKEN
138 Federal St.,to hear their oon- ferson Partnership Inc., has Wednesday,March 1 through Saturday,
Public workshop on new Salem
terns about a proposal to build met with neighbors and is when,7 to 9 pm,House of The Seven Wednesday, Feb. 23 March 4.$15 seniors;non-SSC students
265 luxury apartments at the 15- about to present its formal Gables.(978)745-9595,Ext.311. The Photographer's Eye, slide lecture $10.(978)5426999. BREAST
acre site along Bridge Street. plans to the Planning Board.
Tuesday, Feb. 15 r appears Mondays NO BACK OR WINGS Ib
Negotiating skills workshop,5:30 p.m, 19�Enterprise Center at Salem State College. The following municipal meet- Bowditch House GR DE A
SALEM NEWS IN BRIEF Hosted io Jewish Business and i�are scheduled this week: Wednesday, Feb'16 p 0 TATO E S
Professional Association.$18 per person
Community meeting noon.Please make an appointment Monday,Feb.6 South Essex Sewerage District
y g or free for those making first-time gift,
slated by ( )745 0409. minimum$36,to Federation's Community Licensing Board, 6 p.m., One Board,8 a.m.,50 Fort Ave. Ib
Campaign 2060.(781)598-1810,(978) Salem Green. • Board of Appeals, 6:30 p.m., 10 LB. BAG
SALEM—As part of the five- A Lorca Symposium 745-4222 or evnall felice®jfns.org. •Public meeting, "Economics of One Salem Green BEST CENTER CUT
year consolidated planning process offered Art exhibit features digital prlMs by New Salem Wharf,"7 p.m.,House • Salem Historical Commission,
for federal funding Salem will seek Kenneth Huff,Salem State College's of Seven Gables 7:30 p.m.,One Salem Green EXTRA LEAN
citizen input on its housing and SALEM—Salem State College Winfisky Art Gallery.Gallery hours:10 am Tuesday,Feb.15 Thursday,Feb.17 p 0 RK $179
community development needs will sponsor "Symposium on to 6 p.m.,Monday through Friday.Exhibit Salem School Building Com- Board of Assessors,6 p.m.,City
and priorities on Thursday,Feb.17, Lorca: Poetry, Passion and Poli- runs through Friday,March 3.Reception for mtttee,3 pm.,Collins Middle School Hall C H 0 P S
6 p.m., at the Salem Family Health tics" on Monday, Feb.28, from 11 the artist 2 to 3 pm.Free and open to the •Salem Commission on Disabili- •Planning Board,7:30 p.m., One b.
Center,47 Congress St.The presen• a.m.to 3:30 p.m. in the Callan The- public.(978)5426999. ties,4 p.m.,SATV,285 Derby St. Salem Green
tation will be conducted in English atre and Tuesday, Feb. 29, from • The Mayor's Ad Hoc Com- Friday,Feb.IS _ PORK ROAST...
and Spanish. 2:30 to 4 p.m. in Veteran's Hall. Thursday, Feb. 17 mittee on Haunted Happenings,7 • Salem School Building Com- b.
The symposium will explore the Prize-winning poets Kate Light and p.m., Salem Police Station mittee, finance subcommittee, 8 RIB ROAST 1
Free AARP tax aide politics of both church and state in Gray lacoblk read.7:30 pm,Marten • Board of Health, 7 p.m., a.m.,Bates School $ 39
program Spain during the time of Federico Luther King Jr.Room Ellison Campus
Garcia Lorca's writing of"The Center.Free and open to the public.(978) $ 49
SALEM—The AARP's aide pm House of Bernarda Alba." 5426Q999. SIRLOIN ROAST 1 Ib.
m
grawill offer free income-tax ad- In addition, Lorca's play will be Salem Post 23 American Legion to � t COUNTRY S1YlE
vice for North Shore senior citizens the fust theater department produc- most 7:30 pm,Knights of Columbus.Post t
nual 4 O�
and low-income Salem residents tion of the spring semester and will 23 Associates will hold its anmeeting Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday Only C
until April 15. Retired and Senior run on Thursday, Feb. 24 through at 8 pm. chicken Wings,chicken SPARE RIBS Volunteer Program volunteers, Saturday,Feb.26 and Wednesday, Community meeting,6 p.m.,Salem Fingers,Boneless Ribs, $�� ��
trained by tile Crab Rangoon&
e Internal Revenue Ser- March 1 through Saturday,March Family Health Center,47 Congress St. i Ib.
vice,will operate Counseling desks 4.All performances begin at 8 p.m., The City of Salem will seek citizen Input Pork Fried Rice
at the Salem Council on Aging,5 in the Callan Theatre. Cost is$15 on Salem's housing and community HAPPY 12th USDA CHOICE
Broad St., on Tuesdays,9 a.m. to for seniors and$10 for non-SSC stu- development needs and priorities.Point PuPu Platter BONELESS
noon and 1 to 3 p.m,and Thursdays, dents.For advance tickets,call(978) neighborhood residents and other Inter- & Large Pork $ 3 ANNIVERSARY $ �9
9 a.m. to noon; and at the Salem 542-M. For more information on ested persons are encouraged to Fried RICe k C H U C K T 1v�
ansis-
Public Library on Mondays 9 am.to the seminar,call(978)5426999. attend. Ha res ae ro•y uma z oe oxwm res urt mo °`r r Fi�radkm 9ud4
g g SLEEP SOFA SALE . . . ROAST
Eighth Grade Curriculum Night ! ! ! CHUCK STEAK $7 99
at Salem High School Save 10-40% on the largest selection of sleep sofas anywhere. USDA CHOICE
Queen Size, . �' X� BONELESS
Wednesday, February 16, 2000 Full Size, TOP09
TIME: 7:00 to 8:30 P.M. Love Seat Size & _ aP " ROUND
kE!
Ib.
Chair Beds, Too! ROUND TIP $2 19
For Current Eighth Grade Students - STEAK lb.
and Their Parentsv OVER SOON ,jG FRESH GROUND
• 1�
HAMBURG99
Tours of the Facilities • • • • •
Department Presentations AT THE DELI-FRESH SLICED
Athletic & Club Information THE BOLOGNA$1 09
Music Performances SOFA LAND 0 r lb.
LAKES $21b.69
Meet our Administrators r !SHOP AMERICAN CHEM
& Guidance Staff
Refreshments (across from Barron Chevrolet) MARGARITA79
87 Andover St. (Rt. 114) • Danvers • (978) 777-4380 GENOA SALAMI$2 Ib.
M Monday,February 14,2000 The Evening News, Salem,Mass.
Beverly
BEVERLY NEWS IN BRIEF
Voter registration Gottschalk of Theatrium Design
7 Hearing scheduled
deadline nears on Wednesday, Feb. 16, noon to on vest Beach tax
1:30 p.m.,at 100 Cummings Center,
BEVERLY — Residents who Suite 207P. Gottschalk will give a
need to register to vote or wish to workshop on bringing business to
change party affiliation before the the Web for both novice and sea-
March 7 presidential primary soned users. By KELLY STEINMETZ taxes. Quigley and his supporters
must do so by Wednesday, Feb. 16, Cost is$12 for members and$20 News staff think West Beach, as a private
4:30 p.m. at the city clerk's office. for nonmembers.For reservations, " - club,should pay property taxes.
Voters registered as Democrats or call(978)921-0040. - BEVERLY —A date has been When Judge Richard Welch
P �
Republicans may vote in their own
v4" set for West Beach Corp.to appear froze the tax agreement, he
party's primary. A registered De- Business After Hearst before the state Appellate Tax stopped short of ordering the city
mocrat may not change affiliation t Board, which could determine if to issue a tax bill.He wrote:"There
to Republican on the day of the
Slated '° the organization has to pay taxes. is a sufficient showing that the
primary, or vice versa. A voter BEVERLY — The Beverly West Beach attorney Thomas West Beach Corporation would
who is unenrolled in a political Chamber of Commerce Business Fallon,however,this week said he not qualify as a tax-exempt, chari-
party may declare a party on the After Hours will be hosted by plans to ask for the March 8 table organization."
day of the primary and vote in Brendan Crocker's Wild Horse hearing to be postponed, to give The city had met with the De
that party's race. Cafe on Wednesday,Feb.16,520 to him more time to prepare and be- partment of Revenue officials,
7:30 p.m.,at 392 Cabot St.Cost is$5 cause of a conflict. were apparently told it would not
Ham and bean supper for members and$10 for nonmem- Fallon is appealing the tax bills succeed in fighting the beach's
bars. For reservations, call (978)
PP sent to the private Beverly Farms tax status, then entered into the
planned 921.0040. beach club this year and last. He Payment in Lieu of Taxes Agree-
A ham and bean supper will be thinks the beach should be treated ment
held on Saturday, March 11, 5 to Boston Pops tickets as a public charity because it After the judge ruled on the tax
6:30 p.m., at the Memorial United opens its gates 42 weeks a year to agreement, Beverly reviewed all
Methodist Church, 2 Dane St. Cost available the general public, and restricts public charities. The city issued
is �5 for adults and $2.50 for chil- BEVERLY — The Recreation membership only during the West Beach a tax bill after the
dren. Department still has tickets avail- summer months. state attorney general ruled for the
able for its annual trip to the Residents of Beverly Farms and second time since 1996 that it did
people Aquatics for le Boston Pops on Sunday, May 14. some areas of Prides Crossing are not qualify as a public charity.
p p A bus will leave Beverly High automatically members of the The city requires all charities to
with arthritis School at 1:30 p.m. for a 3 p.m. beach club. Some people in other file with that office.
BEVERLY — The Arthritis show. Tickets are $40 per person city neighborhoods and outside The beach got the first bill of
Foundation Aquatic Program of- and include transportation. For Beverly also hold special member- $30,000 last June,and a second one
fers ongoing aquatics for people more information, call (978) 921- ships. this year. Fallon filed for an abate-
with arthritis at Healthtrax Fit- 6067. Since its incorporation in 1852, ment with the local board that
ness &Wellness on Mondays and the beach has not paid property hears tax appeals,but his request
Fridays at 11 a.m. Sessions run 'Disney on Ice' taxes,despite sporadic attempts by was denied. He decided to pursue
for six weeks, and cost $25 or$50 the city to challenge its tax-exempt the appeal with the state Appellate
depending on how often you at- BEVERLY — The Recreation status. Tax Board.
tend. Preregistration is necessary Department is selling tickets for In 1998, Bertram Street resident John Quinn, the attorney repre-
and enrollment is limited. For "Disney on Ice" on Wednesday, Jack Quigley led a taxpayer suit senting Quigley's group, said it
more information or to request Feb. 23, at the FleetCenter. A that successfully froze an agree- was not "too much of a shock" or
an application, call Dianne at bus will leave Beverly High ment allowing West Beach to pay disappointment that the upcoming
(978) 927-0920 and leave your School at 11:30 a.m. for a 1 p.m. News photo/Nancy Shackleton $5,000 a year in lieu of property hearing will likely be delayed.
name, phone number and ad- show. Tickets are $28 per person
dress. and include transportation. For Caltlyn Kinsella, 4, of Beverly, e
more information, call (978) 921- Dance steps slowly moves through dance Workshop gives youth
Chamber plans Coffee 6067. steps with the help of her dad, Paul, at Saturday night's
Connectionfather-daughter Valentine dance at the Sterling Center e
BEVERLY — The Beverly
Volunteer YMCA in Beverly. place to verse feelings Chamber of Commerce will hold opportunities
its monthly Coffee Connection on BEVERLY—New volunteer op-
Wednesday, Feb. 9, 8 to 9 a.m., at portunities are available at Bev- By SARA JOHNSON love poems or the various verse
Employee Resource Management, erly Hospital, the Hunt Center in BEVERLY CALENDARNews correspondent forms.But in the end,the sessions'
IM0 Cummings Center, Suite 329J. Danvers and Cable Garden content and structure will be dic-
Cost is$5 for members; those who Preschool in Ipswich. Informa- Tuesday, Feb. 15 Thursday, Feb. 17 BEVERLY—Getting teen-alters tated by the students.
bring a prospective member will tional meetings will be held on Business Networking International North Beverly School Site Council to express themselves can be some- "Through the poetry writing, I
be admitted for free. For more in- Thursday,Feb. 17 and Friday,Feb. meeting,7:15 to 8:30 am,at 100 meets,2:30 pm,Roan 6.North Beverly thing of a challenge,as most parents imagine,we will be dealing with the
formation or to make a reserva- 25,3:30 to 5:30 p.m. Cummings Center,in the Highland-March School.Parents invited to participate.For know.But Kathy Keeler of the Bev- everyday pressures of life;any is-
ti¢n,call(978)921-0040. Orientation programs for new Executive Suites,Suite 207P.visitors wel- more information,call the school. erly Public Library has come up sues that they have, really," said
student volunteers, ages 14 to 18, come.(978)887.0129. Beverly La Leche League meeting, with a special forum for self-expres- Keeler."We are willing to accommo-
Chamber plans will be held on Wednesday,March Garden club meets,7:30 pm,first-floor 6:45 to 9 pm,Beverly Public Library.This sion:poetry. date for whatever their needs are."
1 and Thursday, March 2, 3 to 5 meeting room Beverly Public Library.Guest month's topic:-The Family ars the Breast Starting Feb. 16,Keeler, as the The fust session will involve get-
business round table p.m. speaker,Carolyn Mostecki presents Fed Baby.-Nursing babies,children and young-adult librarian,will host a po- ting to know one another through
Deadline for applications is 'Birdhouse to Benches."Guest fee$2. pregnant women welcome.(978)468-9696. etry workshop every Wednesday for discussion and then making jour-
'BEVERLY The Beverly Friday,Feb. 18 Dix Park planning meeting,7:30 p.m., students in grades 6 through 9 to nals for their poetry.
amber of Commerce Business For an application packet, call Hastings House,14 Oak St.Open to all Saturday, Feb. 19 voice their opinions and concerns. The last session,March 29,will
Roundtable will be hosted by Janet (978)922-3000,Ext 2307. Beverly Farms parents.(978)921-8477 or Old-fashioned ham and bean supper,5 "I am hoping that the ones who allow students to present their fa-
(978)922-8695. to 6 pm,Second Congregational ChurcK 35 are shy will find that it's not a bad vorite poem to parents and friends
,t Conant St.Baked ham two kinds of home- experience, but that it can be a in a special ceremony.
Wednesday, 6 made beans,coleslaw,rolls,brown bread friendly and positive experience, At the end,Keeler hopes,students
Feb.. that they think, 'I can write what I will feel greater confidence in their
High School Basketball Boosters9 pin,Ri and beverage.$5 for r childrdults, n. for senior
" fund-raising dimer,6:30 to 9 pm,River dozens,and$2.50 for children.Homebaked feel and say what I feel,"'said Keeler. writing abilities and themselves.
Street Grille,98 River St.Tickets available pies available at$1 per slice. This is the first year she has held "I think we are gDing to have kids
The following is a list of public Wednesday, Feb.16 these workshops. But for the past who are really interested in poetry
at concession stand.For more information five ears, the library has held a but are at an awkward time in their
meetings in the city this week: • Hurd Stadium Advisory Com- y
call Debbie at(978)927.7055 or Patty at Sunday, Feb. 20 alar ce contest for this age lives and aren't very self-confident.
Monday,Feb.14 mittee, 7 p.m., Briscoe Middle PDP poetry g rS
Public Service and Aid Com- School. 978)Chamber
71. winter Rummage sale,9 an.of r pm, "I e I think poetry can g an outlet to
mittee, 6:30 p.m., Beverly City • Planning and Construction chamber,h Comsteel by a Business TemplBooks,clotB'nahing
Abraham 200 East and more.
e. "I have been asked by lots ,"kids express what is going on in their
Hall, 191 Cabot St. Committee, 7 p.m., Beverly Public Roundtable,hosted by Janet Gottschalk of gooks,clothing housefwld items ora more. if we are going to have it again,"said lives."
- Legal Affairs and Accounts Library,32 Essex St. Theatrium Design.noon to 1:30 pm,100 9781 sz7-3211. Keeler."I do know that parents have The poetry workshops are open to
Cummings Center,Suite 207P.$12 for called here to ask about the contest, any student in grades 6 to 9. Sign-up
Committee, 7 p.m., Beverly City Thursday, Feb. 17 members and$20 for nonmembers,(978)
Hall, • North Beverly School Site Monday, Feb. 21 and that their son or daughter really is not necessary. Sessions will run
921-0040. Girls' soccer clinic,sponsored by the enjoyed entering and writing their every Wednesday from 3:30 to 4:30
School Committee, 7 p.m., Council, 2:30 p.m., North Beverly Oracle open house.sponsored by North Endicott Women's soccer Team 10 am.to m." p.m. in the library's pro
1VfcKay Elementary School, 131 Elementary School, 48 Putnam St. Shore Community College's Institute for Pce P gram room.
McKay St. • Board of Assessors, 5:30 p.m., 113.111,for ages 6 to 16.Post Center, Each week the students will be For more information, call Kathy
Corporate Training and Technology,6:30 to Endicott college campus.$10 per player. presented a new topic,be it writing Keeler at(978)921-M.Finance and Property Com- Beverly City Hall. a p.m.,Cummings Center.Focus on growing
mittee, 7:30 p.m., Beverly City • Board of Cemetery Managers, tlatsCa) 30.
abase administration industry,as well Campp Atlantis swim adventure camp
Hall, 6 p.m.,Beverly City Hall. as requirements to become certified.(978) for children ages 7 to 12,8:30 am to 3:30
Tuesday, Feb. 15 - Legal Affairs and Accounts 236-1200. pm,through Friday,Feb.25.Participants Cof9'eetion
Friends of the Beverly Council Committee (roomers and Chamber of Commerce Business should bring a swimsuit,towel and lunch The News tries to be accurate, but when we make a mistake, we
on Aging, 1 p.m., Beverly Senior boarders), 6:30 p.m., Beverly City After Hours,5:30 to 7:30 p.m,Brendan daily.Registration is required.(978)922- want to correct it.If you are unsure whom to call for a correction,call
Center,90 Colon St. Hall. Crocker's Wild Horse Cafe,392 Cabot St.
•McKeown School Site Council, - Commission on Disabilities, 7 0990. editor David Marcus at 922-1234,Ext. 508.
Members$5,nonmembers$10.For reser- Winter Rummage Sale,9 am.to nooq
6:30 p.m., McKeown Elementary p.m.,Beverly City Hall. vations.call(978)921-0040.
at Temple h Abraham 200 East Lothrop BEVERLY—The Evening News incorrectly reported Feb. 10 that
School,70 Balch St. • Emergency Medical Services Young Adult Poetry Writing clot
School Grade Configuration Commission, 7 p.m., Beverly Na- St.Books,clothing,household Items and Derek Cavanaugh,47, 100 Hart St.,Beverly,had pleaded guilty to
Workshop for grades s to 9.3:30 to 4:30 more will be sold.1979)927-3211. charges of illegally removing asbestos from a building he had
Committee, 7 p.m.,Briscoe Middle tional Bank,240 Cabot St g
School,7 Sohier Road. . Committee of the Whole Run Program Room Beverly Public Library. owned na Daniels Street in Salem.
Runs through March 29.(978) curric 2. Cavanaugh in December had leaded not guilty to the charges.In
Planning Board,1:30 p.m.,Bev- (Dallas property), 7:45 p.m., Bev- Elementary philosophy and curriculum Tuesday, Feb. 22 P
erly City Hall. erly City Hall. presentation,7:30 p.m.,Harborllght Business Networking International placed
appearance in Salem District Court but
Wednesday, g was
Montessori School.243 Essex St. meeting,7:15 to 8:30 a.m.,at 100 placed on two years of pretrial probation,but was not found guilty.
Prospective parents as well as present Cummings Center,in the Highland-March He was ordered to pay$10,000 in restitution to the attorney gener-
parents are welcome to attend.(978)922- Executive Suites,Suite 207P.Visitors are al's office.
1008. welcome to attend.(978)887 0129.
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