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HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES NR NOMINATION 1-1�J s • ��f rw.r• y67/9 F 4 A . /..,. , '. >'� Iw� NOM.1 W R 'n Q.--Iv t P ti t � m W 117 q AWO < `Awz.� U -MOA �-- � i f7{/ T I W G ME55 E -104352 . THIS SPACE FOR ADDRESS ONLY St Ith W; , e g b �o JlalP��iuJPi, �eNlesv 02/.19 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 40 Beacon Street, Boston 02108 The Massachusetts Historical Commission is pleased to inform you that the following properties have been added to the National Register of Historic Places, according to notification received from the National Park Service. If you have any questions or need further information, please feel free to contact the Commission at 40 Beacon Street, Boston 02$08. Telephone: (617) 727-8470. City or Town Name of Property Date'Entered in Register Salem House of Seven Gables Complex 5/8/73 I Form 10-300_1 UNITED_STATES DEPARTMENT-OF THE INTERIOR— -__--_.STATE: (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE MASS • COUNTY: i NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Essex Illi I; INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPs USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DATE 11 i (Type all entries — complete applicable sections) i COMMON: 1 I I • I { The House of Seven Gables Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: jThe House of Seven Gables Historic District 11I 2. LOCATION , I 'L STREET AND NUMBER: ;" I''•I Turner Street, Derby Street and Hardy Street CITY OR TOWN: I�• Salem ', STATE CODE COUNTY: CODE I' 'y _ Mass e 25 Essex 3.1CLASSIFICATION `I'.,;;f'•j CATEGORY I OWNERSHIP STATUS ACCESSIBLE11111 1 z (Check One) _ TO THE PUBLIC ( O _ EXDistrict ❑ Building .❑ Public Public Acquisition: ❑ Occupied Yes: ❑ Site ❑ Structure s a Pri Vote ❑ In Process [1 Unoccupied L� Restricted i' ❑ Object ❑ Both ❑ Being Considered F-1 Preservation Work ❑ Unrestricted {I17 { in progress ❑ No - p 3 v PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) i LL ❑ Agricvltura ❑ Government ❑ Park Transportation `• ❑ p ❑Comments F-1 Commercial ❑ Industrial ❑ private Reaiden ce ❑ Other (Spec/il') \ ® Educational ❑ Military ❑ Religious Charitable �I7,;'- ❑ Entertainment Museum ❑ Scientific } Z 4. OWNER OF PROPERTY j OWNER'S NAME: N 1. i7(7 House of Seven Gables Settlement Association 3 N n.l STREET AND NUMBER: N III I Ili .I W Herb Eta©t o N CITY OR TOWN, StATEI CODE ... .. _Salem Massach s t srr 3.. LOCA710N OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION ": - rt COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, UTC1 n Essex County Registry of Deeds D i C I STREET AND NUMBER: N y Federal Street I CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE k J Salem Massachusetts 025 [[ V. REPR,ESENTATfON IN EXISTING SURVEYS J TITLE OF SURVEY: Z I Inventory of Historic Assets of the Commonwealth AT �I DATE OF SURVEY: ❑ Federal state ❑ County ❑ Local Z n ••� DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: C 1 Z ln " nJ 1 Massachus tt m C d STREET AND NUMBER: p N •.� • m nuAp, BParnn qtrA,af �.. O 1Z CITY OR TOWN: STATE: CODE 7 �•;1 j Boston Massachusetts 025 ° In I •;i r .1 .7 DESCRIPTION fCh.ck On.) Excellent ❑ Good C] Fair 0 Deteriorated � iII SII C3 Ruins 0 Unexposed CONDITION (Check O_� • Check Orn.) (Check On.) Altered Unaltered M.�.d 6d Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AN. ORIGINAL (1/known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The House of Seven Gables Historic District is bounded by Salem Harbor on the south, Turner Street on the east, Derby Street on the north and Hardy Street on the west. The complex consists of eight buildings, set in an area land- scaped with plants appropriate to the 18th and 19th century. The House of Seven Gables, now a 2' -story clapboard house, was built in 1668 as a small structure with two rooms on the first floor and two above it. ttt There four gables, one at each end and two in the forward slope of the pitched roof. The house faced south, toward the water, with the front door a little off center to the east, in a line with the large pilastered chimney. Later a lean-to was added to the north. During the centuries of its existence wings, walls, ells, gables and chimneys have been added, torn down and rebuilt . About 1678, the large south wing was added, with a two-story porch in the an- gle formed by it and the old house, largely concealing the former front fa- cade. The wing contained a new parlor, a chamber and a garrett lighted by three. gables. It was on a larger and more elaborate scale than the old house, with a new pilastered chimney, higher studded rooms, double casement windows IM and overhangs with carved pendants on both porch and wing. In 1692 a new kit- M then addition with its own chimney, back of the old lean-to, had made the cen- tral chimney unnecessary and the famous "secret staircase", running from see- Dnd floor to garret within this original chimney, may have been built in that lear. The last major change probably occurred about 1720 when the interiors • Df the 40-year-old south wing were remodeled, replacing all the small case- _q nent windows by larger sash windows, casing in the old structural posts and M oeams, and adding the fine Georgian paneling in the parlor. At this time the C= -iouse had eight cables and 14 rooms. By the middle of the 19th century, many minor changes had occurred, gables had been removed and overhangs cased in. oday the house has seven gables and the only remaining overhang is on the south elevation of the 1678 great wing addition. 0 Me ftlotin B@ek@tt Houoa (et 1655) t to the northwot of th@ H-ou@@ of Sables, is a 212-story c. apboarded frame structure, two bays wide, with eight Dver eight windows. The entrance is in the right bay of the front facade, which has a second floor overhang. To the rear, the steeply pitched roof de- scends to cover a lean-to, added at a later date (1682) . The small chimney is placed toward the rear of the roof and a small dormer is set in the front slope. Attached to this house at right angles are modern additions used for a visitor entrance and a tea room, both built in the same style as the period Duildings in the complex. he clapboard Hathaway House (c. 1682) , to the west of the House of Seven Ga- Dles, is four bays wide. The original, southerly section section of the Duilding has a gable on the left front facade, with a second Boor overhang, asement windows with leaded panes, and a"Beverly jog". The right, north ;e ction of the house has sash windows and the pitched roof has a large center hinmey. The recessed doorway is centered between the two sections. • Che Birthplace of Nathaniel Hawthorne (1740) , on the east side of Hardy Street md facing south, has a gambrel roof with a center chimney. It is 23� stories .7ith a clapboarded frame. The front facade, with a pedimented center entrance (continued) Fs Form 10.300, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR _..._-. .......—.._____I•I.ATIONAL'"PARK'SERVI'CE. MdSSdchllSettS NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES couN INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM Essex ,! FOR NP5 USE ONLY (COntlnuatlon.Sheet) ENTRY NUMBER DATE (Number ell entdeA) HOUSE OF SEVENGABLES HISTORIC DISTRICT , I i 7. Description (cont.) '! .• I and pilasters, is three bays wide. The windows on the first floor are 9 over 12 :ash and on the second floor are 8 over 12. The house is two bays deep. The Doret House on the east side of Turner Street was built c. 1780. It is of clapboard frame construction with a rear shed, probably added later, and has a large center chimney. The facade is three bays wide with a entrance; the house is only one' bay deep. The windows on botdhfirst eandenter second floors are 6 over 6 sash. Built c. 1782-84, the Federal style, clapboard Phi 111 ppen House is located on Hardy Street, north of the Hawthorne Birthplace. It has a hip roof with two i large chimneys set in from the front and rear` elevations. The house is three Jlif bays wide with pedimented porticos centered on both the front and rear eleva- it tions. The sash windows have 6 over 6 panes. )' Emmerton Hall, a Federal style brick building with a hipped roof, is on the north side of Derby Street. It is three stories high; the third floor windows ! have been bricked in. Five bays wide, the facade faces south and has a cen- ter doorway with wood trim and Doric columns supporting a portico. This en- k' I trance is reached by ascending several steps from the sidewalk. I The one-story Counting House, in the southwest corner of the complex, was f built c. 1840. The gable ends face north and south; the original entrance is II ' in the east facade. The building is four bays wide, with 8 over 12 .sash. , One 1 small chimney is set in the roof toward the side rear. . There is also a door 1 in the side of the north elevation. k i , PERIOD (Check One or More ee Appropriate) L— ^A ,— —� - •v u T77777 I + ' • ❑ Pro-Columbiana ❑ 16th Centuryf t'I' �] 18th Century ❑ 20th Century 1 ❑ 15th Century ® 17th Century 19th Century .SPECIFIC DATEI5) (1tAPPlica110 Bndrenaa.Nl668 1655 1682 1740 1780 1782 1840 1806 AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Chock One Or MOfO as Appmp,/Ofe) Aber lginol Education ❑ Political CDUrban Planning ( ❑ Prehistoric ❑ Engineering ❑ Religion/Phi- ❑ Other 5 i.. ❑ Historic ® Industry r losophy ❑ Agriculture ❑ Invention ❑ Science ® Architecture ❑ Landscape ❑ Sculpture ❑ Art h Arcitecture I ® Social/Human. I E] Commerce ® Literature Communications i ❑ Military ❑ Theater i�j•„'+ i ❑ Conservation Transportation ❑ Music [� STATEMENT OF SI GNIFICANCE ry + jThe House of Seven Gables Historic District, a complex of eight buildings, has been certified a Massachusetts Historic Landmark. It is significant both architecturally and historically. I to The House of Seven Gables, built in 1668 by John Turner and added to with- I;' 'r Z in the next 25 years, is architecturally significant as "the most ambitious ,i•,'Il.,; 0 frame dwelling of the 17th century now extant in the Commonwealth” - (Dr. f _ Abbott L. Cummings) . Turner was reputed to be the richest man in Salem. The house was later owned and inhabited by his son, followed by his grandson ~ After the latter's death the property was y y , p p y purchased b a wealth mariner, U Captain Samuel Ingersoll, and inherited in 1811 by his only child, Susannah. (''Il fs Though a recluse in her later years, she always welcomed her young kinsman, P`.• • Nathaniel Hawthorne, a frequent visitor. It is believed that this house was E- the locale for Hawthorne's famous novel, from which the house acquired its present name. The nearby Retire Beckett House was built in 1655 by John Beckett, founder Z of the ship-building family who carried on this trade for five generations. jll' However, the house bears the name of the family's most famous member, whose ('I'' W ships included the Fame, the America and Cleopatra's Barge. The latter was W possibly the first yacht ever built in Salem. The Retire Beckett House was moved here from its orig final location _ _, about one- quarter of a mile to the 'A east, where it had stood facing the sea for 399 yeafs. It is now maintained as a gift. Behind the Beckett House is the Nathaniel Hawthorne Birthplace, moved here 1 from about six blocks away in 1958. The house was built in 1692 by Benjamin j Pickman. Most of the house frame dates back to 1725-1750. Mr. Pickman's p §J son sold the house to Hawthorne's great-grandfather around 1745. Three I generations of Hawthornes lived in this house, where Nathaniel was born on j July 4, 1804. Both his father and grandfather were sea captains. The Hathaway House was built in 1682 by Benjamin Hooper on Church Street property previously owned by Governor Endicott, where it stood for 229 years before it was moved to its present location in 1911. Five generations of i Hoopers lived in the house, until 1795 when it was bought by Henry Rust, who i sold it to the Gardner family in 1820. In 1860 it came into the possession '` of the Hathaways who, for two generations, maintained Salem's first public ' bakery here. I - Just beyond the Hathaway House is the Counting House, a structure found on . • the House of Seven Gables property. It was moved to its present location in 1971. Its history and date of construction are not known but it was probab- ly built about 1830-40. It is now restored and furnished as a business office of the period: �r (continued) 1. F'*rm 10.300* UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5T t (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Al�a�ssachusetts NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY ' • INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM Essex i FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet) DATE � (Num*er e/1 entrlee) {I� HOUSE OF SEVEN GABLES HISTORIC DISTRICT 8 " 8. Significance (cont.) On Hardy Street, to the north of the Hawthorne Birthplace, is the Phi House, c. 1783, built by the cooper, Joshua Phi rpeen p Turner Street, was built c. 1780. On the north side of DerbyeStreeteisothe i i Federal style Emmerton Hall, built in 1806-07 for Captain Joseph Waters. It was renamed for Miss Caroline Emmerton, founder of the House of Seven Gables. I Settlement Association. This association has meticulously restored the buildings in this historic district and maintains them with great care for the education of the public. 1 r Ifs' !,I ff� 1' 4 , i SII r9 MAJOR"BIBLIOCRAPHICAL'REFERENCES Bentley, Rev. William, Diary, Salem, 1905-1914 I 1 II Emmerton, Caroline O., The Chronicles of Three Houses, Boston, 1935 • Essex Institute, Historical Collections, Salem, 1859-present 14 +I IL l Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The House of Seven Gables, 1851 ' . y 1D: G EOGRAPHICAUDATA 11 LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COOROINATES t DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY O DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY ! 1 R OF LESS THAN TF.N ACRES CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE 1� jDegrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Ir lel !! 1i NW e e 42 D 31 19 72e 53 OS i SE II ��I SW APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: • C. 6.5 aCYES N (LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES I 1141 STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE to m III''l STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE 1 STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE A If ':i T, FORM'P.REPAREDSBY _ C• Iill'.III� 1 NAME AND TITLE: : Miss Anne Wardwell (by Elizabeth R. Amadon) ORGANIZATION DATE Massachusetts Historical Commission'.` j STREET AND NUMBER: O ��d! I Rat€ ?49115e-t Peacon §tregt -': _ CITY OR TOWN: STATE 'cBf3€ Boston- Massachusetts .. 0251 $2.' STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTI FICA'I'ION • "NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION As the designated State Liaison Officer for the No- / k Ronal Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law I hereby certify that this property is included in the 1 or.., Register. 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Reg in the National Register and certify that it has been 777I ` evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set 1 1 forth by the National Park Service. The recommended k' I Chief, Ottica of Archeology and Historic Preservation { level of significance of this nomination is: - f] National [�S //State ❑ Local, -o.. ... !.I a Date _ -� Name 1 V ri. . ATTEST: Secr ?bary of the Commonwealth Chairlun of the Massachusetts Hist. if Keeper of The National Register Title Commission Late Date September 20 1972 �! (lj a �p 9 Jt2f� �Goc�dP, �edlasi 02>�� MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 40 Beacon Street, Boston 02108 The Massachusetts Historical Commission is pleased to inform you that the following properties have been added to the National Register of Historic Places, according to notification received from the National Park Service. If you have any questions or need further information, please feel free to contact the Commission at 40 Beacon Street, Boston 02$08. Telephone: (617) 727-8470. • City or Town Name of Property Date Entered in Register Salem House of Seven Gables Complex 5/8/73 HOUSE OF SEVEN GABLES HISTORIC DISTRICT y 1. House of Seven Gables 2. Hathaway House 3. Counting House SALEM HARBOR 4. Hawthorne Birthplace 5. Retire Beckett House 6. Phippen House 1 3 `I 7. Doret House 8. Etnmerton Hall 1 \ \\ . 4 H N Z \� E3 C N � \ a F Q i 7 N L