GEDNEY & COX HOUSES GEDNEY & COX HOUSES—; N P�
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REG-WED
APR 2 8 2011
DEPT.OF PLANNING&
•�" COMMUN11Y DEVELOPMENT
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth
Massachusetts Historical Commission
April 25, 2011
Jane A. Guy �/ /✓ L
CLG Coordinator
City of Salem, Planning Department
120 Washington Street
Salem, MA 01970
Dear M . uy:
Enclosed please find supplementary information for two houses in Salem that are listed
on the National Register of Historic Places. The attached National Register Continuation
Sheets explain recent scholarship regarding the construction dates of the buildings based
upon dendrochronological techniques. The continuation sheets also explain the
dendrochronology dating process. MHC has sent the continuation sheets to the National
Park Service to be added to each National Register Nomination as a technical
amendment.
The two Salem houses are:
Eleazer Gedney House (Gedney and Cox Houses Historic District, 10/1/74)
Pickering House (Chestnut Street Historic District, 8/28/73)
Please add the enclosed continuation sheet to your National Register files.
Sincerely,
Betsy Friedberg
National Register Director
Massachusetts Historical Commission
Enclosure
220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
(617) 727-8470•Fax: (617) 727-5128
www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc
NPS Form 10-900 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018
! (Rev..10-90) - -
°f y United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation .Sheet Gedney House (Gedney and Cox Houses HD)
Salem (Essex),MA
Section number 2009 supplemental information Page 1
Re-evaluation of construction date due to dendrochronology
As a result of the dendrochronology testing of Phase I and Phase II of Gedney House in
November of 2001,the construction,date of Phase l has now been identified as the middle of
1664,or possibly into 1665, and the date of Phase 11 as 1706. The research team consisted of
Daniel Miles and Michael Worthington of the Oxford Dendrochronology Laboratory, England,
with Anne Grady of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities(SPNEA)acting-
as liaison. Their report,cited below, presented the following results and conclusions. Eight
timbers from the first phase were sampled including various studs, a rear girt from the rear(east)
lean-to, a story post, and a chimney girt. The front story post and two studs matched one another
and were dated to the spring of 1664. The rear girt in the ground-floor wall-framing of the east
lean-to was felled in the winter of 1664/5. The other four timbers were not dated successfully.
Five samples were taken from Phase 11, the south end lean-to that later was raised to two full
stories. The samples came from the front girt,two studs, the rear wall plate, and a principal rafter
in the upstairs. Three of these timbers were dated individually but cross-matching among them-
was poor. 'Che front girt was felled in the spring of 1703, a stud was felled in the winter of
1704/5, and the wall plate was felled during the winter of 1705/6. The construction date of Phase
Il is not as conclusive as Phase 1, but construction was not commenced until 1706.
The full results of the analysis are presented in: D. W. H. Miles, M. J. Worthington, and Anne
Andrus Grady, Development of Standard Tree-Ring Chronologies for Dating Historic Structure
in Eastern Massachusetts, Phase 11, Massachusetts Historical Commission Survey and Planning
Grant Completion Report, Interim Report 2002/6, Society for the Preservation of New England
Antiquities and Oxford Dendrochronology Laboratory, May 31, 2002- An abridged version of the
report can be found on the website www.dendrochronology.com. The full report can be found at
SPNEA, now known as Historic New England, and at the Massachusetts Historical Commission.
A note on dendrochronology dating
In recent years tree-ring chronologies have been developed for eastern Massachusetts and
adjacent regions, and a number of buildings or parts of buildings have been evaluated and given
new construction dates due to tree-ring dating, or dendrochronology. The principle behind tree-
ring dating is a simple one: the seasonal variations in climate produce variations in growth which
are reflected in the varying width of the annual rings of the tree. The rings in timbers from
historical houses are compared with previously dated ring sequences from old-growth trees and
from timber from structures with well-established dates to allow precise dates to be ascribed to
each ring.Computer comparisons quantify how good the match is between the two. A
dendrochronologist then analyzes the results and establishes the date the tree was felled. Some
caution must be used in interpreting these dates to determine the construction date of a building.
(continued)
l _
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NPS Form 10-900 OMB Approval No. 10240018
♦ (Rev. 10-90)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet Gedney House(Gedney and Cox Houses HD)
Salem (Essex),MA
Section number 2009 supplemental information Page 2
Sometimes timbers from the same construction phase of the same.building have been felled one,
two or more years apart. However, it was common practice to build timber-framed structures with
green or unseasoned timber,and it is likely that construction was completed within twelve or
eighteen months from the felling date.
(end)
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Focm10-700 'UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - �-'
., ,. .... ..._..STATE: _ ..
(Rev, 6.72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Massachusetts
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES couEssex i
INVC,NTORY — NOMINATION FORM
FOR:.NPS USE ONLY
ENTRY DATE
MYRO 811 egt6es - EompJete appljca6/@ sections).. .,.... ,
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COMMON •r •, J4 :� °3 ct' p •x ci [ Ol.:9't 'r i"t ...tl.. ._.,
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Gedney and Cox Houses
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2: LOCAT_tON 9 :Ge i'.a .0 O 'L
STREET AN?NVMBER ' ,
2'1; Fi h »5treot; and 19. High Street :c 1 ''" r c b' s,,� ' '
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CITY OR TOWN: r ..f•1C+. . r, j.: {:Vf1 .J +i
•' -6th . ...' (.1.11nirtO as
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❑ Distti ct ADVI Id in s❑`Public: +• 1 ' 'Pub Iii c'Ac uisrNon:.r '31 /y
❑ C � Occupied ' 1, Yxfl :.rf i-
Site ❑ Structure h Privote ❑ In Process, - � G I r•
_:"+'- •r n. Reyhictedui
Ungc<Nlied• ,.. _.
❑ Object ❑ Both ❑ Being ConsideredX� preservation work ❑ Unrestricted
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OWNER-S.NAME: : . >l, t h"! IlY-)'Y 59)
The,, qcet for the
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W STREET AND NUMBER. f y
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S. LOCATION OF_LEGAL DESCRIPTION
COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS ETC;. -� •-' ' T
Essex,Count Re istr f r:; I ; p
Y.. g Y,of ,Deeds, and' Probate,, Southeri. strict 7 Z
STREET AND NUMBER.
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CITY OR TOWN: STATEIT ADD
Salem 6WUSENTATICN.INEXISTINGSURVEYSr}E �F SUFV�Y, S SJ ` ' - Z
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7;%DESCRIPTION
(Check One) 2
❑ Excellent J) Goad ❑ Fair ❑ Deteriorated ❑ Ruins ❑ Une.posed gY
CONDITION (Check One) (Check One)
Altered ❑ Unaltered ❑ Moved Original Sita
DESCRIBE TH PRESENT AND ORIGIN'A'L (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
The Gedney and Cox Houses sit on a quarter-acre lot in a high-
density residential area of Salem, just to the south of the
city's historical district.. The north elevation of the Gedney At
House faces High Street, separated from it by a wooden picket
fence. The Cox House is set farther back from the street; its
facade faces north. The lot is bounded on the east by the wall
of a neighboring house, on the southeast and south by a wire a
fenceg and on the west by a hedge and stone retaining wall. The
bounds of the house lot are the same as thoseof the house lot
as originally purchased in 1664 by Eleazer Gedney.
The older of the two houses is the Gedney House, the original
portion of which was built by the Salem shipwright, Eleazer
Gedney. circa 1665, a date confirmed by tree-ring analysis.
The frame of this house has been stripped of most of its origi-
nal and later trimg and in this form it has been preserved by m
The Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. m
(SPNEA) -for study purposes.
The evidence thus exposed clearly indicates that the house, as z
originally constructed, consisted of two rooms on the ground N
floor with a central chimney. To the left of the chimney# the
house was two-and-one-half stories high and covered with a
north-south ridge roof from which a gable dormer projected on z
the east facade side. To the right of the chimney howeverit a c
lean-to roof, at right angles to the gable roofs covered a one .
story high room. Furthermore, there is evidence that the house
contained some kind of rear lean-to construction. ( All the
rooms in this original house -are mentioned in Eleazer Gedney's o
1683 estate inventory. )
Circa 1700, the ro �
om at the right was raised to a full two- and- t " r•
one-half stories, creating the roof slope as seen from the
street today, and the rear roof slope as it can be seen from the
attic.. The facade gable dormer was probably removed at this
time. Circa 1800, whatever had existed at the rear of the '
house was shorn away, and ,a full two-story lean-to was built
across the whole west rear of the house with separate stairs
and a separate chimney.
Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries there were
the usual changes of trim, but the final alteration of the house
is noteworthy because it has given the house its present form
In the early 19601st the property was purchased for investment
purposes and the builder, as noted earliers tore out most of
the original and later trim in the Gedney House. He also
removed all of the brickwork of the second chimney except for
its front wall, and it was in tis form that SPLA acquired the
house. .
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•::.SIGNIFICANCE
PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) -
_ I
❑ Pie-Columbian'!..: . . ''Q L16iI Ce hitt' . --" - 18 th Centwy *1--s- ❑ 20th tentWy .�.'...J
❑ 15th Century X] 17th Century ❑ 19th Century
a..
SPECIFIC OATEISI (ItApplica le end Known) (s. 1 - -c.--170Q-.- 61-18017
UREAS OF SI GN!F I CAN C E.JCch'eckOE I More as A'pprapriatL,�.v ;3 BIZ jtl eke �O r -1^(,f
9i ❑ 1 Political .:,-� Urban Planning
Abor i 4
nal Educate on �1
❑rfjrehi storic' 0 Engineering ❑ Religion/Phi. Other (Specify) j
❑ Historic ❑ Industry I...phy I Conn h9t Ory—
❑ Agriculture ❑ Invention ❑ Science
12 Architecture ❑ Landscape ❑ Sculpture
.. ❑ Art - Architectures ❑ Social/Human.
❑ Commerce ❑ Literature - ita,ion
❑ Communications ❑ Military ❑ Theater
❑ Conservation ❑ Music ❑ Transportation
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
The earliest part of the Gedney House was constructed circa
1665 and changes were made to it circa 1700 and again. circa
1800: It was however$ the final alteration to the house made
'^ in the early 1960 'st which determined the major importance of
X the house today. At that time, the property was purchased for
O investment purposes and the builder tore out most of the orig-
inal and later trim. Only the frame of the house remains andt
according to Dr. Abbott Lowell Cummings) while SPNEA cannot
condone the stripping of trim as good preservation practice,
this fact has made the Gedney House the most important study
house of seventeenth-century Massachusettsp rivaled only by
z SPNEA's William Boardman House is Saugus. This makes the house
F very important in the area of architecture.
ZThe property is also sigaf:dficant in local history as the
homestead of`Eleazer. Gedneyp a prominently figure- in seventeenth
century Salem. While the . Cox House was constructed, later.
W circa 1775. after `ownership of the property had left
W Gedney family@ it is an integral part of the small house lot
whose bounds are the same as those of the original lot which
Gedney purchased in 1664.
Eleazer Gedney, (1642-1683) was the sixth child of John Gedney,
who immigrated to Salem from Norwich County. England in 1637.
The younger Gedney became a shipwright and in 1664. he purchas-
ed his house lot near the South River in Salem. There he
constructed Gedney's Wharf and built the original part of the
Gedney House structure.
Gedney served as Salem juryman in 1670 and as grand juryman in
1675 -and in 1676. He was Clerk of the Market in 1667/68 'and
a Fence Surveyor for the North Field in 1678/79. He acted as
Salem Constable in 1671, the same year he became a freeman.
Upon his death in 1683. his widow conveyed the house to c. eI
Gedney's eldest son, Eleazero Jr.j who occupied it with his wi
wife until around 1690.
The property changed hands several times until Benjamin Cox
acquired it sometime beforo the American Revolution. It was
9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
Essex County, Southern District, Registries of Deed and Probate
R
History of Sglp!L assac}husetts# aSjdney Perley, 1924,
Book manuscript on
p seventeenth-century architecture, in _..-
preparation by Dr, Abbott Lowell Cummings. (April, 1974)
1,16
X .
14. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AMC LONGITJOE COORDINATES
DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROe'ERTY 0DEFINING TH,_ CLNTZR POINT OF A PHOPERTY
R OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES
CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Secor ds Degrees Minutes `Seconds
NW C y� aI� a a '� 4ZD ! Ob ��� e ' S • sf':
NES Y[:b. US)J,JtJ'Y:Y•i JA '"o-i i'J $�IJC:4 ft L)'}a? nu r SIU �'7 •:B9i}.':.63 ) :L
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fUj?:'::Z`.3�'.L:'. ,tL 9J{i f 'v'9\r A'4.1i1 � r:ri41 ! ' ,:7i�? ►
APITRbxrLUi Y�iAt RE AGE OF'Na MINAiED FROPERTSF:I'1''>•r iIJ G::T f'i 'Jv^" [ 1~' L`:11 _ N
�LTS3 YLLr STSZE}�NIJ fOUN^f1�5 F•o P:P Rd Rt'_'f2 TIE9 O.V ER`Aa7ING aj'14T4'g1R_CJJUNTx 'e Ot1,NOt1 RIES:'jJ.�'!1 ��I• f
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STATEv ACJ.!'- 14 9.L_ 1� ! • .cgol= S4DJi4lY?:. $J J'J Ci t. 41 (!* ! rsf •coDE
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fSAME AN D.SlTCE 2 •T • - T ! l;. •7: .fr '.i J ! 'i • r.i-�I1SP!'ILA F41t n
Frlizabeth,,R� Amadou.,; State 'Survey. Directors b ...$artiara'.Cha ina
OR GAN(Z'A910Ng, C Y I./I�l 9 'A' :i_ JOr: XC 1 bC;.Y 9 ::n • _DaSE
Massachusetts Histori.cai qorpisqjonr s.Irn •
STREETAN D NUMBER n .>' t !J jTy,•t J.61"`J Iff
40 ; eacon,StreetJ;It Fra i ! r a T • t•f Z
CITY OR TOWN: STATE 'v.:_ ! r,.: :.' .•� ..•..�•y„^: •rr 4,
Boston Massachusetts 02108
OFFfC�R 'CR ji FICA(IOfI,;:: n ,J ,tr.r, NATIONAL,REGI STE R•VE RIFICATloN.` - -
•`ppL<'7i �.^..J -
i' "g 4lieYBestgdatbd S[atEt3.ta15on Officer fdT-tte•f•Ia t� , ,RB 9�l� J`L•� Vryn(y
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-t 1 -��•• 'jl,jie,reby!£erttfq that this property)igsncluded irtthe .
do al HiSfo
'id Pre ervatidn ACF6P 1965((PU {cJ .ab
AAii "•'. ' ',(
inclhisibn•'( 'f3ietionll.(te'Ststet
8•J` 65).'I'hetebyhomina'te thts'�roperty for ..
in the National Register and certify that it has been •AJ'I:7- P1 ?^L')Y-
ieValuated accolding to the c iteria and procedures set
lc -J"r •r f. > .. '� Lula 'dd� -�.�-e..r err �: •J- •� .. r...r� - /,�-•.. .
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GPO 931.8941
!
Form 10.300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE- !
(July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Massachusetts
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
Essex
INVENTORY • NOMINATION FORM
FOR NPS USE ONLY
DATE
- (Continuation Sheet) ENT RY NUMBER
The Gedney and Cox Houses Salem, Massachusetts. -`
8. Significance (Cont'd) -2-
apparently he who constructed the second house on the lot circa
1775. Cox's heirs owned the property until 18749 after which
time it passed through many owners until it was purchased by
SPNEA in 1967.
G.0 921-22.
Form 10.3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE-• «-
(July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Massachusetts
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM Essex
FOR NPS USE ONLY
(Continuation Sheet) ENTRY NUMBER DATE
(Number en entrlee)
The Gedney and Cox Houses, Salem, Massachusetts
7. Physical Appearance (Cont'd) -2-
Today the Gedney House has a five-bay east facadet the front
entrance has only a simple door casing. The fenestration of
(6/9) and (6/6) double-hung sash windows is regular on the facade
and on the back elevation, and is irregular on the side eleva~=coet
tions. A back entrance is located in the north half of that
elevation. The peaked roof rises steeply on the east side, but
reaches out obliquely on the west to cover the eighteenth-century
addition, giving the house a salt-box profile. A cemented brick
interior chimney projects from the west roof plane. The house
sits on a brick foundation. Its facade and side elevations are
covered with yellow clapboards and the back elevation with
wooden shingles.
The one-and-a-half story Cox House was built circa 1775•
probably by Benjamin Cox, to whom the ownership of the Gedney
property has passed by this date. When SPNEA acquired it in
1967, along with the Gedney House, a back room was lengthened
to make the house into overseers' quarters. Fireplaces were
i reopened, revealing original cranes and an oven. The north
facade has three bays with a central front entrance having a ..
simple door casing. All of the windows are double-hung sash of
(6/6) panes and are regularly placed only on the facade. A
brick chimney projects from the south plane of the asphalt
shingled east-west gambrel roof. The foundation is also brick.
All elevations of the house are covered with red clapboards,
this probably having been the original color of the house.
GPO 921.724
Form No. 10-3010
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SYA TE I.
(7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
p
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY
-y) (Type all entries -attach to or enclose with photograph) ENTRY NUMBER DATE
i
Z 1;NAME
O COMMON: a ox Ouse
- AND/OR HISTORIC: a Cox House
- - F- 2• LOCATION -
.• - - V STREET AND NUMBERt
rear 21 High Street
CITY OR TOWN:
Ix Salem
STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE
Massachusetts Essex
_ :PHOTO REFERENCE
PHOTO CREDIYSPNEA
I
' DATE OF PHOTO:April, . 1974
W NEGATIVE FILED AT:
w SPNEA 141 Cambridge Street,
H
4,',IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC.
Looking southeast, and showing north facade and east elevatio
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. •.. - - l
-- FORM 10.301 A NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
1"/Tx1 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM
(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)
1.., NAME
COMMON AND/Oft HISTORIC NUMERIC CODE (Aeslgnad 6y NPS)
The Gedney House The Gedney House
2. LOCATION -
STATE COUNTY TOWN
Massachusetts Esser Salem
STREET AND NUMBER
21 High Street
3. PHOTO REFERENCE
PHOTO CREDIT DATE NEGATIVE FILED AT
SPNEA April, 197+ SPNEA
4. IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIBE VIEW DIRECTION. ETC.
Looking southwest, and showing east facade and north elevation.
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Fo,. 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INLERiOR -,
(J.1y 1968) NATICNAL PARK SERVICE
— NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES'
PROPERTY MAP FORM
(Type all entries -attach to or enclose with map)
1. NAME NUMERIC CODE (ASdQned by NPS)
AND/OR HISTORIC
COMMON
The Gedney and Cox Houses same
2. LOCATION TOWN
couNry
STATE
Massachusetts Essex ' Salem
STREET AND NUMBER
21 and 19 High Street
3. MAP REFERENCE SCALE
FOTE
SOURCE
U.S.G.S. Salem,Mass. - 1970 - 1:24,000
REQUIREMENTS PROPERTY BOUNDARIES, WHERE REQUIRED, AND NORTH ARROW.
GPO 932.010
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4000
ROAD CLASSIFICATION
I MILE Spm
—
----I Prin ary highway, Light duly road, hard or �
A000 s000 c000 7000 recr hart surface....... improved surface m�s�
_0 r--- 0
I KILOMETER Sec ndary highway, <o
harr surface.... Unimproved road. ---.----__
IAL 10 FEET (�`T
SEA LEVEL - Interstate Route V U. S. Route 0State Route y
Er—DATUM IS MEAN LOW WATEfi MASS tc
-. M>1'E LINE OF MEAN NIGH WATER ?� q
.i:PI.M414 L� 9 FEET p
QUADRANGLE LOCATION SALEM, MASS.
'iM!\R•ACCURXICY STANDARDS N42310—W7052.5/7.5
k•/EY. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242 -
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