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DOWNTOWN SALEM-DISTRICT-NR Downtown ,Sal.em-District 7— ` I t L h � I�a i J' I i W * 3 COMMONWEALTH s� a of MASSACHUSETTS c HISTORIC RESOURCES OF DOWNTOWN SALEM SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS was accepted on for inclusion in the NATIONAL REGISTER Of HISTORIC PLACES The National Register is the nation's official list of important cultural resources. It includes buildirs, distracts, sites, structures, and objects which retain-their histon 4character and demonstrate some aspect of our local, state or national history. The National Register was established under the National Historic Pres- ervation Act of 1966 and is administered in the Common- wealth by the Massachusetts Historical Commission. Michael Joseph Connolly, Secretary of Stare Patricia L Weslowski, Chairrnan, Massachusetts Historical Commission State Historic Preservation Officer MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Time is the most valuable thing one can spend. Theophrastus M OLA uve/ZWe � i ev M e Ek 800-549-0880 OM6 No.1024-MiB NP,�Eo m109'10 E[410-]1-84 rrn v United States Department of the Interior National Park Service N PedNational Register of Historic PlaceoeY Inventory—Nomination Form date entered See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections 1 . Name Historic Resources of Downtown Salem (Partial .Inventory: historic Historic and Architectural Properties) and/or common Same 2. Location Washington, Essex, Bridge, Derby, Norman, Summer, Liberty, St. Peter street & number Federal, Church, Charter, Front, Central, N_/Anot,for publication Lafayette, Crombie, Sewell, Rust, an Amts city, town Salem VA vicinity of state Massachusetts code 025 county Essex code 006 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district — public - X occupied agriculture X museum building(s) private X unoccupied X' commercial - —park — structure X both X_work in progress X educational X private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment - religious object _NjrAn process yes: restricted X government scientific X Multiple being considered X_ yes: unrestricted X industrial transportation Resource no —military other: 4. Owner of Property name Multiple street & number city,town N/A_vicinity of state a. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds,etc. Essex County South District Registry of Deeds street& number 50 Salem Street city,town Salem state Massachusetts 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Inventory of the Historic Assets See continuation sheet title of the Commonwealth has this property been determined eligible? —yes X no date 1979 federal X state county local depository for survey records Massachusetts Historical Commission city,town Boston state Massachusetts MFS Fo M6 . OMS Nu 1024-0018 C"Z Up.10-3i-54 United States Department of the Interior 71 National Park Service I Nes U" onry' National Register of Historic Places ' Inventory—Nomination Form �aateeer,terea Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem. Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 1 fire was to divert investment, and later development pressure, away from downtown, effectively preserving its 19th century character to the present . An urban renewal clearance program in the last decade obliterated an early 19th century vernacular neighborhood, but was redirected in support of preservation before the downtown commercial area was seriously eroded. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS The factors which contributed to present-day Salem' s appearance are discussed below by -period. Please refer to the historic map series for specific locations. Plantation Period 1620-1675 Salem was settled in 1626 on a narrow neck of land flanked by the North and South rivers , both of which flowed into protected coves before reaching the Atlantic Ocean. The North River, a tributary of the Naumkeag (now Danvers) River, followed present-day Bridge Street, while the lesser South River followed Front and Derby Streets . The choice of Salem's location followed the Native American preference for estuarine sites. From the beginning, these riverine connections greatly enhanced Salem' s regional role by providing easy access to inland, coastal and foreign points. The Naumkeag River and its tributaries led north to Beverly, and west to Danvers and Peabody, thus making available the rich resources of the hinterland, while making Salem their natural outlet. The South River formed a natural protected harbor leading to other American ports as well as foreign destinations. Salem capitalized on this natural resource early on, 7o that within a few years of settlement three scheduled ferries plied the North River, fishing and shipbuilding were important industries on Salem Neck (east of the survey area) , and foreign trade routes had been established. In addition to its easy access to water routes, Salem was also located on one of the seven primary overland corridors to Boston; this road ran along the coast through Ipswich and Lynn . �Zt is believed haf in f aI settlement-in--Sarem-o-cc=L-d-just-southwest------- of the survey area, in the block bounded by present-day Norman, High, and Summer Streets . However , in 1628 , when Salem became the capitol of Massachusetts Bay, the town was laid out in regular house lots which generally faced the two rivers and extended inland. A central street (present-day Washington Street) was laid out, four rods wide, connecting the rivers and the paths that followed their banks . The other major roadway of this period was Essex Street. which came into gradual use as an east-west thoroughfare, connecting the backs of the houselots (Continued) NPS Fm,n M90P4 - - - 0MG M 1020-0018 04Z E.P,V-31-81 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service FWNPS-U" only National Register of Historic Places Andrea Inventory-Nomination Formpdateentered n Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 2 on its way inland to Danvers and eventually to Boston. Due to its .prime location and early date , Salem' s population was relatively large during this period, with one estimate putting it at 900 in 1638 . While there are few physical remains from this period in the survey area, the locations of several public structures are known through documentary evidence. One was a fort, built on high ground between Washington and Summer Streets, probably on the western corner of present Sewell and Lynde Streets. A second important structure was the Town House (1677) erected in the middle of Washington Street, near what is now Lynde Street; its ground floor was used by the town while its upper story accomodated the court. Other structures included the First Church meeting house at the southeast corner of Washington and Essex Streets (1634) , a jail just south of the church (1668) and a courthouse on the west side of Washington Street opposite the jail . The most outstanding remaining feature in terms of size, visibility, and integrity is the Charter Street Cemetery (NR-2-Charter Street Historic District; 1975) . Dating from 1627, this is Salem' s oldest burying ground, and one of the earliest in the state. Adjacent to the cemetery is the heavily restored Pickman House of ca. 1638-1680 - (NR-2-Charter Street Historic District; 1975) . Colonial Period 1675-1780 Salem experienced steady growth during this period, fueled by the pros- perity of foreign trade. By 1675, Salem was involved in large-scale international commerce and its physical form was slowly being modified to suit its new role. This was especially true at the southern edge of the survey area, and to the east. At that time the South River formed a tidal basin and harbor approximately where Riley Plaza is today, with shipyards and wharves along Front Street which marks the natural water line in the area. During much of this period and the ensuing Federal period, the South River was gradually being filled and channeled to accomodate more intensive. use. By the end of the Colonial period, mercantile activities were becoming concentrated east of the survey area, around Derby Wharf (1762; NHS) , but their effect was felt throughout the city. A map of 1700 and a written account of 1750 provide a description of the survey area during the Colonial period. The map (41; From the Research of Sidney Perley) shows the survey area -divided by an irregular network of streets which are further sub-divided into irregularly sized house lots . In addition to Washington Street (labeled Town House Street) and Essex Street (labeled Ye Main Street) are Front and Derby Streets following the bank of the South River , Central Street leading north to Essex Street , St. Peter Street (labeled Prison Lane) leading from Essex Street to the North River, Brown Street (labeled Highway to Ye' (Continued) MVS Fore/09004 CUB No.1024-0019 EIV.10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Ccr Nes um eniY• National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form en:eyed Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 3 Common) leading east from Prison Lane to Salem Common, and Norman Street leading west from Washington to Summer Street. At this time , ' few wharves had been constructed, and the South River was obstructed primarily by a dam, bridge and mill site southwest of the survey area . The written account (James Duncan Phillips, Salem in the Eighteenth Century: pp.168-176) characterized Salem as "little more than a village in 1750 . According to this account, Washington Street was a broad, dusty way lined with residences. In the center was the Old Town House (reconstructed in 1719) , by then used as a school. Essex Street, from Central Street to Hawthorne Boulevard is described as a desirable place to live; west of Washington Street, it is characterized as a mixture of shops and residences giving way to swampy ground on the south . A number of warehouses and wharves stood at the southern end of Washinaton Street on .the South River and others were being constructed at the northernend where a drawbridge (1742-1744) had just been completed to provide access to the northern planting fields and Danvers. Phillips states that the population at mid century was 3,472 persons, with 1,629 males, 1, 710 females and 123 blacks. He also states that the town contained 372 houses although Col . Goelet, who visited Salem in 1750 , said it "consists of about 450 houses, Several of which are neat Buildings, but all of wood, and Covers a Great Deal of Ground, being at a Convenient Distance from Each Other with fine Gardens back their Houses. " Few structures remain standing in the survey area to attest to the architectural character of the Colonial period. The handful that do are laterally sited, modest 2;-story wood .frame residences which lend. some credence to the architectural description of Salem in the 17205 and ' 30s provided by Phillips. He stated, "The kind of dwelling house in Salem had gradually changed since the early type of steep roofs, overhanging second stories, latticed windows , and clustered chimneys , and a new style of gambrel roofs had crept in . . . . The large square wooden houses belong to a later period" (Salem in the Eighteenth Century: p. 128) . Extant gambrel roof examples include 47 Federal Street of ca. 1760-90 (HP-24 ; Area A) and 18 Crombie Street of ca .17.70 (HP-29 ; Aroma`B1_____Gable_ro-odf_suryiv9rs_are 13 Central Street of _1766 (HP-75;_ Area C) and the Grimshaw House of 1770- (NR-2-Charter Street Historic District; 1975) . Federal Period 1780-1830 The expansion of trade after the Revolution brought even greater wealth and population to Salem. Physical evidence of this prosperity is apparent in the increasing separation of function as well as in the many innovative, architect-designed buildings constructed. As the development pressure (Continued) MPS FP MOM, v..o R rwa-w rn C"Z Exp.ID-31-64 Unites! States Department of the Interior � n National Park Service Fat NPS uss anFy - ZW National Register of Historic Places _-`� Inventory—Nomination Form aeteentereawy � -' Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 4 on the downtown increased, new construction assumed a predominantly commercial character. Concurrently, residential uses became concentrated in surrounding areas, most notably on Federal and Chestnut Streets to the west (Chestnut Street Historic .District; NR-1973) and around the Common to the east .(Salem Common Historic District; NR-1976) . Resi- dential development also spread along Derby Street, as a result of the shift of wharves and -shipping facilities to deeper waters east of the survey area (see Derby Waterfront Historic District; NR-1976) . Prosperity is also seen in the number of new streets laid out. A map of 1832 (#3) shows several major new east-west cross streets : Church and Lynde Streets crossed Washington Street above Essex Street; Federal Street was laid out above that; and Bridge Street ran along the North River from the North Bridge at Summer. Street to the Beverly Bridge. The only important new north-south street was Lafayette Street, connecting Central Street with the new South Bridge of 1810 . Additionally, a number of secondary north-south ways appeared. Rust and Ash Streets in the northeastern quadrant of the downtown, and Sewell Street, Crombie Street and Barton Square in the southwestern quadrant. The most important addition to Salem' s streetscape was the Salem Turnpike which connected with Essex Street. Constructed in 1802-1803 , it was the first turnpike in the county and ran for 12 straight miles to Charlestown Square. The Federal period is the first for which- large numbers of structures remain. This is attributable to several factors, including commercial usage, masonry construction, high design quality, and the relatively large number of buildings constructed. Jacob Rust' s brick store at 216-218 Essex St_ (HP-4, Area C)and the large Central Building (HP-82 ; Area C) , erected by merchants Benjamin Hathorne and William S . Gray, both appeared arounC 1805. The Central Building, known today as the Old Customs House, also housed a variety of commercial and institutional uses , including the Masonic Lodge and the new Salem Athenaeum. Designed by prominent local architect Samuel McIntire, this sophisticated building assumes the form of other important institutional buildings of the period: three-story rectangle symmetrically .organized around a pedimented central pavillion. The first bank building in Essex County (HP-76;Area _ C) was erected on Central Street in 1811 . As the county seat and commercial hub, Salem developed as a financial center early in the 19th century. A series of bank headquarters built throughout the century was notable for architectural distinction. This building, now. the home of the Salem Fraternity, was designed by the prominent Boston architect Charles Bulfinch, and is the only known example of his work to survive in Salem. The increasingly commercial character of Essex Street was boosted by the development of Derby Square in 1815-1817 . Elias Hasket Derby died (Continued) Nrsjf M6 . EiV. 31-64 6� ' United States Department of the Interior National Park Service " Fat NPS uie artly,; National Register of Historic Places ved Inventory—Nomination Formaat� te.ga ` Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 5 in 1799 the sameY ear his mansion was completed, and a dispute among his heirs finally led to its demolition in 1815 . John Derby and Benjamin Pickman, Jr. carefully planned a new commercial development on the site. Following the model of the Lechmere Point Corporation and its 1811 development of East Cambridge, Derby and Pickman donated land in the center of their square for a Town- Hall and Market (HP-72 ; Area C) . They also inserted deed restrictions to control the character of the square by allowing only masonry construction. Limited residential growth took place downtown as well, although primarily in peripheral areas . One was a modest neighborhood north of Essex Street. Only two buildings , the Universalist Church (HP-4) and the small brick house at 7 Ash Street (HP-3) , remain to indicate the original character of this area, which was cleared during urban renewal in the late 1960s . At the west end of town, Benjamin Crombie, proprietor of the Salem Tavern on Essex Street, laid out a new street through 5 his property and began to sell house lots along it in 180 . The houses lining Crombie Street (HP-29 to 33; Area B) form the last intact residential group located in the downtown, and serve as an important link with central Salem' s former character, Population and valuation figures for the period show substantial growth, especially between the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 . Population, recorded at 5,337 in 1776 , had more than doubled to 12 ,617 by 1810 . In the next twenty years the population grew modestly: 12 , 731 in 1812 and 13, 886 in 1830 . A town valuation of 1784 recorded 646 houses and 183 shops. Early Industrial Period 1830-1870 Salem experienced profound physical modifications during this period, reflecting concurrent political , social and economic shifts. The extent of this change is illustrated by a comparison of maps from 1832 (#3) , 1851 (#4) and 1874 (#5) . The 1832 map shows a limited street network, flanked by relatively free flowing rivers . In contrast, the 1851 and 1874 maps show a fully developed street system, and an almost total transformation of the waterfront, as trends begun during the 18th century _-_wexe_bsQught to culmination. By 1851, all existing streets were in place except New Derby and New Front Streets , a situation which resained- unchanged by 1874 . The most dramatic change occurred along the South River, -which was extensively dammed, channeled, wharfed and filled; the North River showed only limited change. Another notable change, seen by 1851 is the introduction of a rail line running beneath Washington Street with depots at both the northern and southern ends . Change is reflected in the building stock as well as in the transportation network, and once again, a fairly large samphing of buildings remains (Continued) MPS Fpm 10. 0 . Ome 141024-=a E.P.10-01-51 s 'United States.Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places :n date�te �, Inventory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 6 for study. The increased significance of the regional economy was rein- forced by a strengthening of the political system, manifested in the construction of new public buildings . The incorporation of the City of Salem in 1836 was quickly followed by construction of a monumental granite-faced City Hall (HP-56; Area C) designed by Boston architect Richard Bond. Bond was again commissioned when a new granite Essex County Courthouse (HP-12;Area A) was built in 1841 . The previous court- house, a 1785 brick structure designed by Samuel McIntire, was demolished when the railroad tunnel under Washington Street was built in 1839. Located only a block apart, the New Courthouse and City Hall represent different expressions of the popular Greek Revival style, although they are comparable in mass, scale and materials. The growing sophistication of the social environment of Salem was reflected in the increased use of masonry construction, overcoming the 18th century preference for wood. Gridley J. F . Bryant ' s Naumkeag Block (HP-81; Area C) , at the corner of Essex and Central Streets, is locally unique in its expression of a pilastered facade in brick. In 1851, Bryant ' s house for Tucker Daland (NR-Salem Common Historic District; 1976) at 130 Essex Street introduced the Italianate style to downtown Salem; the neighboring Plummer Hall (NR-Salem Common Historic District; 1976) , built for the Salem Atheneum in 1857, and the Downing Block of 1858 (HP-78 ; Area C) , at 173 Essex Street, explored the implications of the new style for institutional and commercial architecture. The Bowker Block (HP-2) , built at 144-156 Essex Street in 1830, extended_ a sense of urbanity farther east than the previous limits of downtown. Similarly, merchant Nathaniel West' s elegant residential block at 5-9 Summer Street (HP- 8 ) carried this character to the west. These buildings still define the limits of downtown Salem. Several other important buildings date from the last decade of the period. A new police station '(HP-65 ; Area C) built on Front Street around 1860 was soon followed by a fire station (HP-52; Area C) and water department headquarters (HP-51; Area C) on Church Street. Established on Federal Street, Essex County gradually erected a complex of buildings. Construction of the Superior Courthouse (HP-13; Area A) in 1860 stim- ulated fashionable residential construction, and this section of Federal Street is characterized by the concentration of Mansard style mans;b: .a built at that time. Pcpulation figures for this period of economic and political maturity register impressive gains. Beginning at 13,886 in 1830 , Salem' s population rose to 15,082 by 1840 , to 20,934 by 1855, and by the period ' s end in 1870 , it stood at 24 , 117. (Continued) S Fpm 10-4.0P. T riited States Department of the Interior FOF NPS eas anry ational Park Service lational Register of Historic Places � a �r„date�fered nventory—Nomination Form1 Historic Resources of Downtown Page 7 ontinuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Late Industrial Period 1870-1915 Downtown Salem assumed much of its present appearance during this period when its role as a regional commercial and civic center was consolidated. Charles Osgood, in his 1879 Historical Sketch of Salem described the city thus (p• 270) : Salem is no decrepit tumble down city. Modern rule, not the exception. Her structures are the e substantial and ornamental; public buildings ar her business blocks well built and of pleasing architectural design; and fine houses adorn many streets in the residential portion of the city. The majority of buildings included in this nomination date from this period. A trio of buildings from the mid 1870s represents the transitional period between residential-scale commercial construction and the monu- mental blocks of the late 19th century . The Arrington Block (HP-63 ; Area C) , built as a hotel when Washington Street was extended out to South Salem in 1873 , is the only- surviving example of the dominant wood-frame commercial architecture of its time. The short-lived firm of Bruce and Copeland designed both the Arrington Block and the Hale the Building (front Area C) at 22TheEssex lateSarrival ofcthennewdtechnology, cast iron front to the city. ests its limited local appeal, twenty years after its popularization, Sugg and the building remained unique in Salem. The use of marble on the facade of the Goldthwaite Building at 242 Essex Street (HP-46 ; Area C) aptly expresses the ambitious character of the building. Architect William D. Dennis relied on luxurious materials rather than size to establish its identity; its scale is now diminutive in comparison with its neighbors. All three of these buildings are overtly commercial in character, but their diversity illustrates the variety of architectural expression of the period. The increasing role of architects is seen by the association of each of these buildings with a designer . The final decades of the 19th century broughtht of the the emergence rgenctal e of fcialem gra _ _� Prailin� center . Eig blocks^lining Washington Street today were built—Thiseconcentrataon892 (HP-39, 40, 47, 50 , 54 , 55, 57 and 58 ; Area C) (HP-39, buildings defines the character of this corridor, with of pleasing contrast provided by a handful of buildings from other periods. Other notable buildings from this period of commercial prosperity appear ` elsewhere downtown, inclubdilg 1ne189 for thewmark llding at 203-29 ssex Naumkeag Clothing Company, Street (HP-84; Area C) , and the Gardner Building at 206-212 Essex Street (HP-3 ; Area C) , the last of the series of lavish bank buildings characteristic of 19th (Continued) NPS form 10- 0 d - OMB No.1024-MB n4A - E2y 10-31-64 `United States Department of the Interior National Park Service ee 6 13tr .n'.9,yd iw .: National Register of Historic Places14 Inventory—Nomination Form �at�e3;t�Fe:�t Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 8 century Salem. All but two of these are long demolished, and only the Gardner Building continues in its original use, as the headquarters of the Salem 5� Savings Bank. Another significant aspect of late 19th century Salem was the prominence of charitable socio-educational institutions. The Salem YMCA erected a handsome Classical Revival building at 284-296 Essex Street in 1898 (HP-5) , combining modern athletic facilities with comfortable living accomodations for single men. The Salem Fraternity, founded in 1869 and owner of Bulfinch' s Essex County Bank Building (HP-76; Area C) since 1899, is the oldest boys ' club in America. The Great Salem Fire of 1914 destroyed extensive tracts of residential and industrial development west and south. of downtown. The vast acreage cleared by the disaster served as a release valve for new development, protecting downtown Salem from real estate pressures from World War I until urban renewal of the 1960s. While renewal has had a substantial impact on Salem, its 19th century character still dominates the central business district. As was the case during all of the preceding periods , Salem's population continued to register steady growth. Beginning at slightly under 25,000, it rose to 27,598 by 1880 , to 30 , 801 by 1890 , to 35 ,956 by 1900, and to 43, 697 by 1910 . It was not until the period was over that the popu- lation experienced its first decline: in 1920 it fell slightly to 42, 529. Modern Salem Downtown Salem is characterized by diversity of scale and architectural style, as well as by consistency of materials and high quality of design. Washington Street is a corridor of monumental commercial blocks, while Essex Street has a smaller scale and greater variety of building types and uses . Detached and semi-detached residential construction tightly lines Federal and Lynde Streets, extending the density of the commercial streets throughout the downtown. Well over half of the structures in the survey area are in commercial use; about one quarter are resi- dential, providing a transition to adjacent neighborhoods; institutional buildings, in governmental, religious and social use , ma e up tK`e_balance. The great majority of extant features in the survey area date from the 19th century, but representatives of all periods of Salem' s develop- ment remain. The major impact on the physical fabric of modern downtown Salem has come through an urban renewal program begun in the 1960s. Using Wash- ington Street to divide the downtown into Heritage Plazas East and Weot; the program initially focused on the eastern half where wholesale (Continued) NM Fe 10.9 D. OMB N 1024-0O19 04 Eap.10-31-84 ' United States Department of the Interior 45'S`5M`N National Park Service r�ulrlas10 ," rte �> National Register of Historic Places 4 ;u a �g Inventor Nomination Form ' Y— r Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 9 demolition occurred. Fortunately, the focus of the program was shifted to rehabilitation before the downtown' s historic character was obliterated . Major new developments include the Essex Street Mall (a pedestrian zone consisting of the new East India Square multi-use facility to the north and rehabilitated 19th century structures to the south) between Essex and Church Streets; a townhouse complex between Federal, Bridge and Ash Streets; and the -Heritage Plaza condominiums between Barton Square and Norman Street. Although several cleared parcels north of Essex Street remain vacant, much of the new development has been success- fully integrated with the rehabilitated older buildings to create a consistent, lively commercial center with high lot coverage. Heritage Plaza West remains largely untouched. Survey Methodology Boundaries of the Multiple Resource area were determined by land .use patterns traditionally associated with downtown development. The defined area is primarily commercial in character, augmented by residential uses strongly associated with the central business district. It incor- porates the two urban renewal areas, Heritage Plazas East and West, and also overlaps the local Commercial Area Revitalization District (CARD) , a state-sponsored commercial development program which provides financial incentives to investors. A preliminary inventory of the downtown was sponsored in 1978 by Historic Salem, Inc. .(HSI) , a private preservation organization, using a CETA- funded survey team with limited professional qualifications . An exper- ienced preservation consultant was hired by the Salem Redevelopment Authority (SRA) in the fall of 1979 to organize and complete the HSI survey in preparation for this nomination. The consultant, Allison M. Crump, is an architectural historian and a graduate of Columbia University' s Historic Preservation Program. The inventory concentrated on the identification of .above-ground cultural resources because of the unavailability of staff to undertake an archaeological analysis. All physical information recorded by the HSI surveyors was field checked for accuracy. New photographs of all properties were taken to insure timeliness and clarity of image; negatives were filed with the SRA. rear the-H T--team-was ori -r-e-fer-enced, ---- ��e limes research by Fo � as provided b the consultant. A series so all property documentation w p y of maps and insurance atlases published between 1851 and 1945 formed the basis for most construction dates, with building department records used for recent buildings. City directories, newspapers , and the photo- graphic collection of the Essex Institute were other valuable sources. ' Deed research was conducted for a limited number of properties of obvious merit. Finally, contemporary secondary source material was occasionally very -helpful. a (Continued) OM E.P.tO-3I-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Services National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form = Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 10 The inventory identified the following categories of significance: representatives of a period or type of development; representatives of a building type or style; structures of architectural importance; structures associated with individuals or events of historical importance; and examples of achievements in the development of building technology. Levels of significance ranging from, local to national were represented. Within the survey area, fifty-six primary structures were found to be already listed on the National Register: three as individual sites and the rest in five districts. An additional sixty-six sites have been identified as eligible for the National Register through the inventory process, comprising nine individual properties and three districts . Districts have been identified by their cohesive and consistent quality, although in some instances typified by their diversity. Individual sites have been nominated where distinctive characteristics, physical isolation or an unrelated context precluded incorporation in a district. Geographic concentration alone has not been considered to be sufficient justification for district nomination. Archaeological Potential The Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area possesses a strong , although presently undefined, potential for the presence of a diverse archaeo- logical component relating to both prehistoric and historic settlement of the area. In the past, construction activities are known to have produced isolated aboriginal cultural materials at four separate locations on the peninsula; other finds may have escaped recording. One instance occurred within the Multiple Resource Area itself - (MHC 19-ES-511) ; excavations for Lyceum Hall in 1828 (Area C, HP-53) produced an atl-atl weight fragment of greenish slate. Massachusetts Historical Commission site files record approximately 30 prehistoric sites within . a two-mile , radius of the Multiple Resource Area in both Salem and in neighboring towns. For the majority of recorded sites, cultural and temporal affiliation is unknown, although materials from the Late Archaic through Tate--WoocLl-and-periods__are_repr_e.sented site types include lithic scatters, shell middens, burials, and single artifact finds. The presence of small isolated prehistoric sites within urban areas is not unknown; the possibility of such existing in downtown Salem is slim, _ but not unfeasible. Downtown Salem should be considered as an area potentially rich in archaeological components relating to the historic period. Careful implementation of an appropriate research design employing archaeological (Continued) OMS%n 1024-0018 NPs Fd woo0* Ea V.10-71-64 6ba Onited States Department of the Interior National Park Service FOf NPS=uae National Register of Historic Places F`°`°'" ` Inventory—Nomination Form aaateter�d % a ' Historic Resources of Downtown 11 Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number Page techniques may provide important supplemental and comparative infor- mation for our understanding of the configuration and transformation of urban centers in the 18th through 20th centuries. In Massachusetts, recent archaeological investigations in Boston and Charlestown have demonstrated that densely developed urban centers do possess undisturbed features and cultural material deposits which reflect past activities and behavior. As a primary Massachusetts maritime trade and commercial center outranked only by Boston during the Colonial and Federal periods and a major regional retailing center throughout the 19th century, Salem possesses a complex history. One research question which may profitably be addressed through archaeology is the nature of the role Salem played as an early regional settlement core and entrepot which served as a collection and redistribution point for .regional and international exchange networks. In addition, comparison with data from other cities, particularly Boston, should help to identify differences and similarities and provide a clearer definition of how these urban centers functioned. The impact of technological innovations which aided Salem' s development and the quality of life there, suchas its early 19th century water supply system, may be investigated. The Crombie Street Historic District exists as an important resource for understanding domestic activities and land use during the early 19th century; the Federal Street Historic District offers similar opportunities for the subsequent period. Additionally, Downtown Salem' s commercial area may contain archaeological information on past land use and commercial activities not present in the documentary record. In sum, the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area should be considered as an archaeologically sensitive area with high potential to yield information on history and possibly prehistory. r 7: . Description Hist_ c Resources of Downtown em, Massachusetts Condition Check one Check one -X _ excellent _ deteriorated _X unaltered X_ original site X good — ruins ._X altered _X_ moved date ,_@L'___1nvent_Qry forms__ -y_ fair _ unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance Salem is a city of 38 , 220 located on the Atlantic Seaboard in southern Essex County, 16 miles northeast of Boston. Boundaries for the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area correspond to those of the present commercial district as well as to those of the 17th century settlement (see Section 10 for details) . It is surrounded by several National Register districts, including the Chestnut Street Historic District, (1973) to the west, the Salem Common Historic District (1976) to the east, and the Derby . Waterfront Historic District (1976) to the southeast. It also includes several existing National Register properties and districts listed in Section 10. Topographically, Salem occupies an irregular V-shaped peninsula, protected from the full force of the Atlantic by Beverly and Salem harbors. Stemming from the rocky highlands to the west, the peninsula was created as a glacial outwe:sh plain bordered on the north and south by tidal rivers known as the North and South rivers . The village of Salem was established at the peninsula ' s narrowest point, accessible to both rivers . Oriented to the sea from the beginning, the town was laid out in lots facing the rivers, with the public buildings centered on the street linking the riverbanks, now called Washington Street. Politically, Salem originated as part of a massive land grant to the Massachusetts Company. It served as the shire town of this territory from 1628 until 1630 when .administrative functions were transferred to. Charlestown by John Winthrop, the newly appointed colonial governor . At that time, Salem and .Charlestown were the only settled areas in the colony. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Salem' s territory was gradually whittled away as new towns were established: Wenham (Enon) was incorporated in 1643, Marblehead in 1649 , Topsfield in 1650 , Beverly in 1668 , Middleton in 1728 , .and Danvers in 1757. Salem, as the mother town, was never formally incorporated. Although Salem lost its role as capitol of the colony in 1630, it was made a shire town in 1643 when Essex County was established, thus continuing its role as a regional political center. Since its founding in 1626, Salem has served as an economic and political core for the entire region now defined as Essex County. The English. Puritans who settled here were attracted by the natural harbor, and maritime activity became an economic force early in the community' s history. The great wealth amassed by Salem' s merchant-adventurers in the 18th and early 19th centuries was visible in their it began rest Fences, but the expression of prosperity in commercial architecture was limited by the character of their business . The decline of shipping coupled with industrial growth focused new investment on downtown Salem in the mid 19th century. Conservative attitudes and a sound economic base helped to insulate Salem from the boom and bust cycle characteristic of post-industrial history. Downtown development cul- minated in the 1880s and 190s with the construction of the substantial commercial blocks which line Washington Street. A disastrous fire in 1914 , comparable to the Great Fires of Chicago, San Francisco and Boston, destroyed acres of industrial and residential development, but spared the downtown. The impact of this fCnn+imioAl 8. . Significance His- ric Resources of Downtown Ilem, Massachusetts Period Areas of Significance—Check and justify below prehistoric —archeology-prehistoric X community planning X landscape architecture_—religion _ 1400-1499 X archeology-historic —conservation —law _ science 1500-1599 —agriculture —economics _X_literature —sculpture _ 1600-1699 X architecture _X education —military X-social/ X 1700-1799 —art —engineering _music humanitarian X 1800-1899 -X__commerce —exploration/settlement —philosophy theater X 1900- _communications —}L industry X politics/government X transportation invention other(specify) Specific datesSee inventory forMsBuilder/Architect See inventory forms i Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) Founded in the early 17th century, Salem has been significant throughout its history as the regional core for Southern Essex County. Politically, it was the region' s first settled town (1626) , its first established city (1838) , and the seat of county government (1648) . On an economic level, the city enjoyed unbroken prosperity until the Modern period, fueled first by an international maritime trade and later by industry and retailing. Salem' s regional role was established and enhanced by its location at the web of a complex transportation system consisting of maritime, overland and finally rail routes. As the historic center of Salem, the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area directly reflects the most important aspects of the city' s long and varied history. It includes a combination of nine individually nominated buildings and three historic districts. Four existing National Register districts are also located within the area, two of which are embraced within the expanded boundaries of newly nominated districts . The buildings and other features included in this nomination date from the 17th through. the 20th centuries, giving physical form to all phases of the city' s development. As a whole, the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association, and it meets criteria A, B and C of the National Register of Historic Places. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Plantation Period 1620-1675 Salem was the first, and initially the most important settlement in the Massachusetts Bay. Thus, its earliest history closely parallels that of the region and the state. The major regional event of the period was the establishment of permanent English settlement along the coastal margin and its expansion inland along themajor-tidal-rivers Spee f-ic — events include Fernando Gorges ' Council for New England patent (1621) , the first serious English land claim to the area; the Massachu- setts Bay Company charter (1629) . which preci- pitated large scale puritan immigration; and the "Great Migration" of English emigres during the 1630s which insured that the colony would have sufficient population mass to survive. [Historic and Archaeological Resources of the Boston Area: p . 391 (Continued) Iles F,10-90a. OME r 1024-08 04Z mEtp la-Jt-B4 United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service FoaNOS aa.a* National Register of Historic Placesirar�r , Inventory—Nomination Form sate teres s w Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 8 Page 1 Salem played a direct role in all of these events , serving as an early regional core. Salem was settled in 1626 by a small group of Englishmen who had recently abandoned a planting, fishing, and trading post on Cape Ann to the north. Led by Roger Conant, the group included John Lyford, John Woodbury, John Balch, Peter Palfray, Richard Norman and son, William Allen and Walter Knight. Initially, Salem was referred to as Naumkeag, recognizing the importance of its location at the mouth of the Naumkeag (now Danvers) River. The settlement at Salem gained formal recognition from English authorities in March 1628, when the Council for New England (pat. 1621) conveyed the lands of Massachusetts Bay to Sir Henry Roswell, John Endicott, and others. Bounds for the colony were defined as "between three miles to the northward of Merrimack River and three miles to the southward of Charles River, and in length within the described breadth from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea. " Endicott was appointed Governor (provincial administrator) of the plantation and dispatched forthwith; Matthew Cradock was named Governor of the Massachusetts Company in London. Uniting with those already there, Endicott settled in the oldest town in the colony, soon to be called Salem; and extended some supervision over the waters of Boston Harbor, then called Massachusetts Bay (Osgood: Historical Sketch of Salem, p.3) . Within a year, however, the difficulties of governing the colony from afar were becoming apparent and on August 29, 1629 , it was voted to transfer authority to New England. Cradock resigned as Governor and John Winthrop was chosen in his place. Winthrop . arrived in Salem on June 12, 1630, but within a week had begun to search for a more attractive capitol; he soon selected Charlestown as the seat of government. In early August the transfer was completed, the first Court of Assistants was held in Charlestown, and Salem ceased to be the capitol town. Salem, like Plymouth, was never formally incorporated as a town, since both predated the formation of regional governments . However, Salem was recognized from the first by the court held at Charlestown, August 23, 1630, as a distinct plantation or town. Its boundaries have been Mine over e yea s as r towns have brokU11away incorporation as distinct political units (See Section 7) . Although Salem ceased to be the capitol of Massachusetts Bay in 1630 , it did continue in a regional political role. In 1635 , it was named as the site of one of four .regional courts; and in 1643, when Massachu- setts Bay was divided into four counties or shires, it was named as the shire town of Essex County. Additionally, it was established as an official port for the collection of customs in 1658 . ? (Continued) rws:am ta000. - - ' Off) Exp.10-31-54 -United States Department of the Interior , National Park Service National Register of Historic Places ys Inventory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 8 Page 2 Colonial Period 1675-1780 _ Salem flourished during this period both as a major port and as a regional seat of government. By 1675, Salem' s mercantile trading activities had expanded to an international level with regular ports of call in the West Indies and Europe. At the beginning of the period, the majority of Salem' s vessels were small, 20-40 ton ketches carrying crews of 4-6 men; these were gradually replaced by larger schooners which allowed Salem captains to venture further and further from .home. Census figures for the period reveal that the majority of Salem' s men were merchants, traders, or mechanics , as opposed to the majority of husbandmen found in interior regions . Salem' s pre-eminent position as a port was formally recognized in 1683 when Marblehead, Beverly, Gloucester, Ipswich, Rowley, Newbury and Salisbury were annexed to the port of Salem by the Court of Assistants and it was decreed that Salem and Boston shall be lawful ports of the colony, where all ships and other vessels shall laid or unlaid any of the plantation' s enumerated goods, or other goods from foreign ports, and nowhere else, on penalty of the confiscation of such ship or vessel, with her goods and tackle, as shall laid or unlaid elsewhere. (Arrington: Municipal History of Essex County, p. 331) Salem' s role in the Revolution principally derived from its importance as a seaport. Salem supplied much of the colonists ' sea force, refitting merchant ships as privateers. In addition, it was the site of the First Provincial Congress, where opposition to the English government was first publicly expressed in 1775 , as well as the first bloodshed of the war, at a showdown between British troops and colonists known as "Leslie' s Retreat. " Federal Period 1780-1830 Salem experienced tremendous growth and prosperity during this period, particularly in the years between the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. i-th larger-and-f-a-st-er-ships,�1^�"sable—to-expanc3 its trade to China, India, Russia, Japan, and South America, handling such goods as Indian silks, Chinese tea, Sumatran pepper, Arabian coffee and African hides. The men most responsible for Salem' s penetration of Far Eastern markets were Elias Hasket Derby, William Gray and Joseph Peabody. The extent of Salem' s foreign trade is illustrated by the tonnage of vessels registered there: 1781 : 81652 tons; 1791 9 ,031 tons; 1800 : 24,862 tons; 1807 : 24,570 tons (152 vessels) . Also, between 1801 (Continued) O 5n 1n4- u MPS i".10-900a E.C.10-31-54 6SZ United' States Department of the Interiort , r- ^ National Park Service F°`'� Suas=anFyNyau National Register of Historic Places ��3xx �f ,,. Inventory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 8 Page 3 and 1810, duties collected in the port of Salem totaled $7,272 ,633; between 1789 and 1887 , over $25 million was collected. Jefferson' s Embargo interrupted the steady growth of Salem' s trade,, and worried merchants organized in opposition to a declaration of war. Their concern proved to be justified, since disruption of trade during the War of 1812 hastened the decline of Salem' s maritime industries. By 1815 , the number of vessels in-Salem was reduced to 57, beginning the city' s long decline as a port. General economic prosperity during most of the period was reflected in the improvement of roads and public facilities . Most notable was construction of the Boston-Salem Turnpike which greatly facilitated transportation of goods between the two ports. The Salem Turnpike and Chelsea Bridge Corp . was incorporated on March 6 , 1802 with William Gray, Dr. Edward Holyoke and Nathan Dane as principals. Completed on November 27, 1803, it was a straight 12 mile, 256 rod long road from downtown Salem to Charlestown Square. Its total cost was $189,000 and it was the first turnpike in the county. The other major public improvement of the period was a water supply system. On March 9 ; 1797, the Proprietors of the Salem and Danvers Aqueduct were chartered. They constructed a reservoir and piping system which initially provided water to customers at the rate of $5 per year. This is the first period in Salem' s history for which accurate and consistent population figures are available. As is to be expected, the growth of the. city' s population closely paralleled that of its economy; major increases were experienced between the two wars , with only minor growth after that. Salem' s population, recorded at 5 ,337 in 1776, had jumped to 9 , 457 by 1800 , and by 1810 had reached 12, 617 . By 1820 it had risen only slightly to 12, 731 , and by 1830 it stood at 13, 886. Early Industrial Period 1830-1870 This was a period of great political, social, economic and physical change. Salem made the leap from town to city, private associations proliferated, and industry supplanted mercantile activities. Physical deve-opment-of-the-downtewn-became-increasingly dense and characterized by masonry construction. Salem' s citizens considered changing from a town to city form of government as early as 1805. Formal action was not taken until early in 1836 when a committee was appointed to study the matter. On the favorable recommendation of this committee, a city charter was drafted and an Act "to establish the city of Salem" was approved on March 23, 1836 by Edward Everett, Governor of the Commonwealth. This made Salem the second city incorporated in the Commonwealth, following Boston, which (Continued) oue ra.wx.-oo+s Eap.q-JI-BA States'Department of the Interior iI Park Service onal Register of Historic Places £ "� ` � mss; 3 dar��teP ntory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown ion sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 8 Page 4 _ peen incorporated on February 22 , 1822. A fashionable new City in the Regency Greek Revival style, was constructed on Washington �!t in 1837 (HP-56; Area C) . ng this period private associations proliferated, supplementing :ed limited number formed in the Federal period. The East India Marine -ty, composed of sailors who had rounded Cape Horn, was one such nization. The society built its Hall on Essex Street in 1824 , =_rve as a meetingplace and museum; the Lyceum, a social and debating , was established in 1830 . Although its building on Church Street 53 ; Area C) was totally rebuilt after a fire in 1895 , the location mass recall the original structure. Many prominent figures appeared he Lyceum's program, including Daniel Webster, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Quincy Adams, and Horace Mann. of the most important organizations, which had history and science heir aims, still flourish today. The Essex Institute was formed . 848 , merging the Essex Historical Society of 1821 and the Essex ty Natural History Society of 1836 . The Essex Institute constructed mplex of buildings east of the survey area on Essex Street (NR- x Institute Historic District; 1972) . The Peabody Museum was formed 868 with a bequest from George Peabody to "Promote Science and ul knowledge in the County of Essex. They first occupied the India Marine Hall of 1824 , adding to it over the years to create current complex on Essex Street (NHL-Peabody Museum of Salem; 1966) . m was also the home of many distinguished personalities of the Dr. Nathaniel Peabody' s house at 53 Charter Street (NR-2, Charter et Historic District; 1975) , which was the setting for Nathaniel .horne ' s novel, Dr. Grimshawe ' s Secret, was a center of intellectual . ity, .vity. Mann and Hawthorne spent much time there while courting and Sophia Peabody; their sister Elizabeth Palmer Peabody was :11-known Transcendentalist who was active in educational reform. is Choate, .the prominent attorney and politician, lived at 14 Lynde !et (NR-3, Rufus Choate House; 1982) . Benjamin Pierce, founder -he U. S. Coastal Survey, and the Transcendentalist poet, Jones were also Salem residents . _830 Salem had entered a period of decline as a shipping center. =r fully recovered from the War of 1812 , Salem was dealt a final 7 at mid century by the development of clipper ships whose hulls too deep for the South River basin. However, rather than exper- ;ing overall stagnation, Salem's economy found other footings. Key =ors were the introduction of multiple rail lines and the growth several regionally important industries . On April 14 , 1836, a charter obtained for the Eastern Railroad. Opened on August 27, 1838 , line took the Shore 1cbute from Salem to Boston. The daily average (Continued) .pM4 OMB / .1024-0018 E.P.10-J1-84 I States Department of the Interior r - -q al Park Service ;Far NPS usa antp onal Register of Historic Places !ntory—Nomination FormI Historic Resources of Downtown tion sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 8 Page 6 manufacture was centered at the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company ae South River . Incorporated in 1829 with a capital outlay of ,000 , the company was valued at $1 , 500 ,000 by 1886. The manufacture ate bagging also played an important role in late 19th century n' s economy. Raw jute was shipped to Salem from Bengal , transformed tough bags, then shipped to the southern United States to bale on. A final important industry was the manufacture of white lead, h commenced in 1826 and continued throughout the 19th century. m' s development as a rail and industrial center was accompanied ommercial/retail growth which left a strong physical imprint on downtown. As Salem' s economy prospered, merchants constructed ionable new masonry blocks along the Washington Street corridor, to a lesser extent, along the Essex Street axis . The buildings tructed during this perid still define much of the character of ent-day Salem. ervation in Salem m is notable for its continuing pride in its cultural heritage, ; the expression of that pride- has gained sophistication paralleling ^evolution of preservation philosophy in the United States . holarly interest in Salem' s past has been evident since the founding he Essex Institute in 1848 . The Institute ' s extensive library ,S n unusually rich resource for those tracing the development of city and individual sites . The frame of Salem' s first Quaker meeting- :ions e , erected 1688 , was acquired by the Institute and moved to its nds in 1860, an extraordinarily early example of conscious .historic ervation. In addition to buying several neighboring mansions of itectural and historical significance, the Institute moved into 1ge cond structure in 1910 , the 17th century John Ward House. All is properties are operated as historic house museums (east of survey milar preservation program was sponsored by Miss Caroline Emmerton, ivate philanthropist who purchased the House of Seven Gables and n its restoration in 1908 . Miss Emerton acquired and moved two tional significant buildings to the site on Turner Street in and 1916 . These buildings still operate as a museum, like the x Institute (southeast of survey area) . 962 , an urban renewal program was formulated in Salem. The plan Heritage Plaza East, adopted in 1965 , relied on clearance and new truction to promote economic revitalization. The Salem experience similar to many other communities: clearance was easily accomplished, (Continued) 9. Major Bibliogra, nical references Arrington, Benjamin F. (ed. ) : Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. 1922 . Essex Institute Historical Collections (Continued) 10. Geographical Data Acreage ofnominatedproperty about 63 acres Quadrangle name Salem, Massachusetts-Essex County Quadrangle scale 1 : 25,000 UT M References - ALoJ I 3k .i4l4i0 1 47 1 Of) 15 141 t1 e 1 9 13 14A__[5 i 8P 1 1417 101 91 q61 01 �Z'onee Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing 1 C 1191 131 46 1010P I 147 IO 191 012101 DL ' 14 3 0 0 - 14 17P 19I417 10 Et L�1 1 1 I I 11 t I I 11 F 'I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 11 I I 1 GI I1_L��_ 1 I III I I I H W I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 Verbal boundary description and justification The Multiple Resource Area begins at the intersection of Derby and Liberty Streets , runs northwesterly along Liberty and New Liberty Sts. , westerly. along Brown to St. Peter St. , northwesterly (Continued) List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries state - - code county code N/A state code- county - code 11 . Form Prepared By Candace Jenkins, Dir.ector of Preservation Planning, with. name/title Allison M Crump Preservation Planner Salem Redevelopment Authority organization Massachusetts Historical Commission date March, 1983 street&number 294 Washington Street telephone (617) 727-8470 city or town Boston state Massachusetts 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: - nationaltate local As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for.the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966(Public Law 89- 665),1 hereby nominate.this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the/National Park Service. _ State Historic Preservation Officer signature State Historic Preservation Officer title Massachusetts Historical Commission date For NPS use only I hereby-certify that this property is included in the National Register date Keeper of the National Register Attest= date Chief of Registration. MPS iom1 10-90D -o � E.P.R1-01-B4 6� Unites! States Department of the Interior a Rational Park Service Nrs w�any', National Register of Historic Places r ; y A Inventory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 9 and 10 Page 1 Item #9 Continued Gillespie, C. B. : Illustrated History of Salem and Environs, 1897. Heliotrope Publishing Co. : View of the City of Salem, 1877. Hopkins , G. M. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874 . Ives, Henry P. : Visitor ' s Guide to Salem, 1880 . Lawton, R. J. : Industrial and Mercantile Salem and Marblehead, 1909. McIntyre, H. : -Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Osgood, Charles S . and Batchelder, H. M. : Historical Sketch of Salem, 1879 . Phillips, James Duncan: Salem in the Eighteenth Century, 1937. Reardon, Elizabeth K. : Salem Historic District Study Committee Report, 1968 . Richards, L. J. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1897. Salem Evening News (1880-date) . Salem Gazette (1768-1908) . Salem Register (1800-1918) . Sanborn Map Co.; Atlas of the City of Salem, 1883. Atlas of the City of Salem, 1890 . Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906 . Tolles, Bryant F. , Jr. , and Caroline: Guide to Salem Architecture, in manuscript. Walker Lithograph & Publishing Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1911. Webber, C. H. and Nevins, W. S. : Old 'Naumkeag, 1877.. Item #10 Continued along St. Peter to Bridge Street, southwesterly along Bridge to North Street, southerly along North and Summer Streets to Norman Street, easterly along Norman to Washington Street, easterly along New Derby Street and northeasterly along Derby Street to Liberty Street. iavoo-. •� A States Department of the Interior nal Park Service Has,��onto 3 ional Register of Historic Places $ m.ntory—Nomination Form �fYZ��'�a..�p.'f�'Kh H'f Y.H•d Historic Resources of Downtown ation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number Page KEY TO MAP OF MULTIPLE RESOURCE AREA Nominated Properties and Districts P-1 Salem Laundry (1906) 51-55 Lafayette St. P-2 Bowker Block (ca .1830) 144-156 Essex St. P-3 Bessie Munroe House (1811) 7 Ash St. P-4 First Universalist Church (1808) 6 Rust St. P-5 Salem Y.M.C.A. .(1898) 284 Essex St. P-6 Shepard Block (1851) 298-304 Essex St. P-7 John Peabody House (1867) 15 Summer St. P-8 : 5^:- 9 Summer St. 5-9 Summer St. P-9 Wesley Methodist Church (1889). 8 North St. P-A Federal Street District (7 properties; includes Essex County Court Complex) . P-B- Crombie Street District (7 properties) P-C Downtown Salem District (55 properties; includes Old Town Hall District) Existing Properties and Districts R-1 Peabody Museum - NHL - 1966 R-2 Charter Street District - NR - 1975 R-3 Rufus Choate House - NR - 1975 R-4 Joshua Ward House - NR - 1978 R-5 Old Town Hall District - NR - 1972 R-6 Salem City Hall - NR - 1973 IR-7 Essex County Court Complex - NR - 1976 � a � e ( n( 1 t /� \ /�`(�tlt � amp I � � \ ♦ .� 1 f I-, xf.. � ] I f fll^ `. al -a I �. Il T � e rift f I- ^ �� -,,•I �w { I � < �.�. Y.i. zt _11 C s 3 1. _ , Elf I ..� � �- , tS,�, - s"+•Y = _.. �l :ICY ' - .. f •I .1 .M a-E 5 ib.. � � 3 S�`t 1 i -� r \ e .,�c. q 2 � ..cp `l {h[ ��= a a � ._i I v, � A f r . i - s. .• 'I i... � ' m y ti 171 >' !Y+" FL \\ Downtown Salem Multiple- rw 1 Resource Area Atlas of the City of Salem, -_ by C. ^t. Hopkins and Co. •` ' = I Eli 1"-225' _ 1874 .94 i / O 4 117 /^'/ n/ . a Y O 3 xo Q.an o U .. m , n Q m � •� `. 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I � third quarter i { as uniform (explain): _ I fle? compatible mix ndition? generally good ri a )e of ownership? public & nrivate _ e? residential & institutional -__ ✓_1- - - --`\ \� i �,.�t .e t rt, ,gate any historic using corres- E Lnd indicate north. If ,. 1, , - -- •,. I1� IS 14 ! NP iHP f `i 1 ' n 1 rl1gPT� ..D..n c°°.r 113 I � ` •. �,i tri p ern G C D E . . t a�Y i 11 [ [T �� • E D E N ♦ ,t W Ap HP 1201 1 � Cal a37 !1 �`�-= -fJ�� _,1. I 1 i tj,(�''f —'� �J� t• -' _� l��. �I .I Ott pli Yt•KJ�fT •1` ' �I r 433.;,1 y (�c• —_ UTt DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE 6. Recorded by A. Crump USGS Quadrant Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority MHC Photo no. Date November 1979 (over) UTM References: A-19/344200/4709430 B-19/344220/4709320 E-19/344020/4709340 C-19/344150/4709320 F-19/344020/4709410 D-19/344150/4709340 r-ioi' ,sn,ni!,,7no sn 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The block of Federal Street between Washington and North Streets is set apart from the rest of the street; on the east by the width of Washington Street and urban renewal clearance, and on the west, by a sharp bend in the course of the street coupled with a change to a more uniform residential character. The Federal Street District._is therefore a self-contained block, characterized by contrasts of scale, -- architectural style and use which successfully synthesize into a single entity. No voids or intrusions disrupt the integrity of the district. The first phase of development of the block was predominantly residential, as was most of downtown Salem. However, by 1810 both churches in the district were occupying their present sites, introducing the institutional charcter that dominates the block today. The Tabernacle Church of 1923(HP-28) , facing the corner of Washington Street, postdates the rest of the district, but a Congregational church has stood on that site since 1777. The First Baptist Church of 1805 (HP-15) , near the other end of the district, is the oldest brick meetinghouse in Salem, and one of only fifty brick structures that stood in the city in 1806. The original Federal design was overlaid with Italianate detail in 1850, integrating the building into the predominantly mid-century character of the district. Three of the twelve houses on the block also represent this early period of development: the Georgian house at number 47 (HP-24) , the small Federal house at number 60 (HP-17) , and a Greek Revival duplex at 55-57 Federal Street (HP-22) . In 1841, a new granite Essex County Courthouse (HP-12) was built on the nort% corner `. of Washington Street. It was followed twenty years later by a red brick Superior Courthouse (HP-13) which was in turn enlarged and remodelled in 1889. Complementary ;? residential development progressed simultaneously, and the district's residential character reflects the popular styles of the mid-19th century. Three handsome Mansard houses (HP-20, 23, 26) in particular translate the monumentality of the courthouses into domestic terms, and establish a dynamic interrelationship. Five houses between the Superior Courthouse and the First Baptist Church were cleared to make room for a new Registry of Deeds (HP-14) in 1909. Construction of the Registry enhanced the dichotomy of scale already evident on the street. It also marked the close of development of the street, except for the replacement of the Tabernacle Church with a new structure of similar size and scale. The contrast of the monumental institutional buildings on the north side of the street with the row of houses facing them defines the character of the district. Among both groups, however, a diversity of styles is represented. The Federal- Italianate hybrid style of the First Baptist Church, combined with the Greek Revival, 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc. Essex County Registry of Deeds Essex Institute research files Historic Salem Inc. research files Hopkins, G.M. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874. McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Salem Gazette, February 4, 1806 and March 30, 1850. Salem Register, January 2, 1806 and August 26, 1850. Sanborn Map Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906, corrected to 1929. I .omna iu 3OOa f ,Arv)0.741 . - \ U?vITEU STATES UEPART\tE OF THE INTERIOR FOR N` SE ONLY NATIONAL PARKSYRVICE _ - RECEIVEO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM IOATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 10 - Romanesque Revival and Classical Revival courthouses, represent a broad range of 19th century styles interpreted for institutional use. The residential buildings demonstrate a similar variety of 19th century styles, unified by a consistency of design quality. All are ambitious vernacular examples of their styles, expressing understanding and confidence without innovation. The Nathaniel Treadwell House at number 63 (HP-20) is especially noteworthy for competent execution of a sophisticated concept, in exceptionally well preserved condition. This district is an expansion of a district containing only the three Essex County buildings that was listed on the National Register in 1976. Listing of the larger district will better protect the environment of the courthouses, as well as provide an 'increased understanding of their context. HP-12: Old Essex County Courthouse 11841; Richard Bond) This distinguished granite Greek Revival building was listed on the National Register in 1976. HP-13: Essex County Superior Courthouse (1862, 1889; Enoch Fuller, and Wheelwright and Northend) Originally Italianate in style, the present appearance of this red brick building trimmed in brownstone dates from its remodelling in the Romanesque Revival style. - It was listed on the National Register in 1976. HP-14: Essex County Registry of Deeds (1909; Clarence H. Blackall) : This'monumental granite Classical Revival Building was listed on the National Register in 1976. The 1979 addition to.' Probate Court is a 5-story concrete and glass edifice containing the Essex County Administra= tion and Registry of Deeds offices as well as other Court functions. The building was designed by Phineas Alpers Inc. Construction costs was approximately $2.8 million. HP-15: First Baptist Church (1805, 1850) The present appearance of this handsome brick meetinghouse reflects the cosmetic alterations made in 1850 in a rusticated Italianate manner, as well as revealing the original Federal-style form of the structure. The pedimented facade is dominated by a projecting pavilion that expresses the narthex. Its three bays are articulated as an English basement containing three identical entrances framed in heavy rusticated brownstone. A belt course separates this basement from a principal story composed of tall arched windows capped by drip-molded brownstone. A lunette window is the centerpiece of the strongly projecting modillioned pediment, which is echoed in the visible outline of the sanctuary wall some ten feet behind it. An elaborate steeple was taken down earlier in this century. The building is further distinguished by its siting, placed seventy feet back on its lot with a pleasant treed lawn separating the church from its neighbors. The meetinghouse was recorded as one of only fifty brick buildings standing in Salem in 1806. Despite the change in its appearance, its material and location preserve the 'integrity of this aspect of its significance. Moreover, its Italianate trimmings render it a I .wmnu i� owa (RW 10-741 UNITED STATES DEPART�1 OF THE INTERIOR FOR s<USE ONLY - w I ' NATIONAL PARK79ERVICE - RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED ION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 1 CONTINUATION 1 rare example of the expression of this style in public buildings, and effectively complements the array of institutional styles presented by the Essex County buildings. HP-16: 58 Federal Street (c. 1850) A vernacular five-bay, two-story center entry Greek Revival house, with three pedimented dormers facing the street, and a typically modest frontispiece of entablature and pilasters. An indication of the newer Italianate style can be seen in diminutive brackets punctuating the cornice. HP-17: 60 Federal Street (c. 1810) A simple Federal cottage two stories high and squarely proportioned, with a three-bay facade and shallow hip roof. The single story entrance porch is recessed at the left corner of the facade, and screened by latticework. HP-18: 62 Federal Street (c. 1900) This two-story vernacular Colonial Revivaf house has an L-shaped plan, with the entrance located at the inside corner, beneath a projected hexagonal oriel. A bow window forms the end wall facing the street. The oriel and second level = of the bow front are clad with shingles, contrasting with the clapboard walls on the rest of the building. HP-19: 65 Federal Street (1856) This two-story, five-bay Bracketed-Italianate house sits with its gabled end wall on the street, and its hooded center entrance facing the side yard. The bracketed door hood and paired brackets below the eaves are the only stylistic elements that are visible despite aluminum siding: HP-20: 63 Federal Street (1875) This distinguished two-story, three-bay Mansard house is representative of the high quality of local expressions of this style. Its facade is clad with scored flush boards in imitation of ashlar. A Neo-Grecque-inspired entry portico crowned with a pedimented oriel focuses attention on the center entry. Further enrichment is provided by pedimented lintels on the flanking first story windows, and segmentally arched dormers which interrupt the projecting bracketed cornice with their volutes. The original cast iron fence completes the well preserved character of the house. HP-21: 59 Federal Street (c. 1850) An unpretentious Bracketed house two stories high with a tall gable facing the streft. The three-bay facade is weighted to the left by the'•recessed sidehall entrance sheltered by a bracketed hood supporting an oriel. Variation of the simple window frames adds further visual interest: those on the first Fo,m No 10-300a ^,- IPe.'10.741 -\ UNITED STATES DEPART�IE `F, THE INTERIOR FOR N " SE ONLY - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . RECEIVED - NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM (DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 12 floor are pedimented, second floor rectangular, and the pair of gable windows are segmentally arched. Shiplap siding sets the facade off from the clapboard side walls. HP-22: 55-57 Federal Street (1836) This two-story, six-bay double house has a paired entry framed by a single entablature supported by three pilasters. A side ell, set well back, breaks its rigid symmetry. Built by Salem coachmaker Joshua Loring after a fire destroyed his previous house on the site, the house was occupied by Loring's family on one side, and his son-in-law's John D. Hunt, also a coachmaker, on the other. HP-23: 49 Federal Street (1873) This two-story Mansard house has an L-shaped plan with the entrance off a now- enclosed porch contained within the L. The two-bay end wall facing the street is well balanced, with first floor windows crowned by segmentally arched lintels, and second floor windows set off by drip moldings. A single dormer punctuates the forward slope of the roof. Aluminum siding disguises some of the building's character. HP-24: 47 Federal Street (c. 1760 - 1790) A two-story,. gambrel-roofed Georgian house, set with its end wall abutting the street. Its five-bay facade faces a narrow side yard on the east. The only alteration to its simple form is the added entrance vestibule. The squat form emphasizes the contrast in proportions with its taller neighbors. HP-25: 45 Federal Street (c. 1850) A much-altered Bracketed-Italianate house, with an original form concealed by aluminum siding, a bulky addition at the front that hides the side entrance, and twin shed dormers. However, the unbroken original cornice Suggests its former mass, and helps to continue the streetscape. HP-26: 43 Federal Street (c. 1870) A cousin to the house at 49 Federal Street (HP-23) , this building reflects the L-shaped mass crowned by a Mansard roof of its neighbor, as well as the same two-story, two-bay proportions. The corner of the ell at 1143 is chamfered, however, with its entrance set off by an angled porch. The first floor windows and single dormers on each roof slope have pedimented lintels, in contrast to the simpler horizontal projecting lintels of the second floor windows. The presence of the original cast iron fence partially compensates for the loss of character due to an application of aluminum siding. f Form ro 10-300# laen 10.741 UNITED STATES DEPART�1E5 OF THE INTERIOR FOR Nr;., SE ONLY r r . NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 13 HP-27: 41 Federal Street (c. 1860) A straightforward two-story, double Italianate house, with its facade organized by a strong center axis. of double doors, with twin arched windows above, further emphasized by a cross-gable containing a lunette window. The entrance and first floor windows are decorated with projecting, bracket-supported lintels, while the second floor windows have drip-molded lintels. The strong projecting cornice, resting on paired brackets, returns on the gable end walls. The original wrought iron fence is intact, although aluminum siding has been added to the building. HP-28: Tabernacle Church, 50-54 Washington Street (1923; Smith & Walker) The present granite Georgian Revival structure serves the same Congregational parish that has worshipped on this site since 1777. The two-story facade is abackdrop for a monumental projecting pedimented colonnade reached by a broad flight of steps. The three-tiered steeple sits on both the portico and the main mass. Its foursquare base is built of the same rough granite as the main structure, crowned by a wooden balustrade. A square wooden midsection is framed by double pilasters a"nd a cornice, with a louvred arch in each face. The crowning cupola, also made of wood, is octagonal, with open arches alternating with panels, articulated by single pilasters. The bellcast roof is topped by a weathervane. f. [Rev P0-76I .. .__..__. UNITED STATES DEPARTNIE!!`'')OFTHE INTEKIUK FOR Nt'�' SE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ' --- ' RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 14 Federal Street National Register District Ownership Data 6 Importance Rating Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 32 Federal Street (26-413)0 1 County of Essex 32 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 40 Federal Street (26-413)° 1 County of Essex see above 5Q Federal Street (26-413)0 1 County of Essex see above 54 Federal Street (26-412) 1 First Baptist Church 54 Federal Street - z Salem, Mass. 01970 58 Federal Street (26-411) 2 Federal Street Trust Edward Mello et al, Trs. 6 Walsh Avenue Peabody, Mass. 01960 60 Federal Street (26-410) 1 Reuben Realty Trust David Rifkin et al, Trs. 60 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 R 62 Federal Street (26-409) 2 Federal Street Trust see 58 Federal Street 41 Federal Street (26-414) 1 Federal Street Trust see above 43 Federal Street (26-415) 1 Federal Street Trust see above 45 Federal Street (26-416) 2 Federal Street Trust see above- 47 Federal Street (26-417) 2 Robert B. Bowman 40 Wisteria Street Salem, Mass. 01970 NO 10-500A IAry 10.731 . Lt -ITEU STATES UEPARTME� OF THE INTERIOR FOR Ns� SE ONLY * NATIONAL PARK CSc`RVICE _ - RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 15 Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 49 Federal Street (26-418) 1 49 Federal Street Trust Robert A. Ledoux et ali, Trs. 49 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 55-57 Federal Street (26-419) 1 J.T.Ronan Realty Trust James T. Ronan et al, Trs. 55 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 59 Federal Street (26-420) 1 Ronan & Harrington Realty Trust James T. Ronan et al, Trs. 59 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 63 Federal Street (26-421) 1 Agnes L. Carlin 63 Federal Street - - " Salem, Mass. 01970 65 Federal Street 526-422) 1 John R. 6 Ann M. Serafini 65 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 50 Washington Street (35-23) 1 Tabernacle Church Proprietors 59 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. . Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district 'Property already listed on National Register 1 i u A.4k r _ :'Av - '•Zll L+i r�� v le 1hnq` .i ;M 424 J1p.,x ��'� _ -. n�,;moi � •t" � O r Is• ) I 1 i 1 tttF I t � T. \ a s t �- ti •tilfi ® - L x • l � "�•— S E ei A t5 .% r �3" ♦ c 2:! 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B5_s azo-s 75:18 7 ' 9 ax-e9 F E D ' E R AIL -S T R E E T- o I F E.9 p E 55-R� A L 49 4, 45 ,D . 41 , : . 4! 59 5T 50-S jos ♦' 67 H.P. e9 ee H.P 22 H,2 P 6 27P. o H:P: :I 11 cj2 24 2 423 2 _ 425 427_ I _ �► 44 —— 28 432 .'0_. _ .ti 42 _❑57 -S9 6 429 430 -431 . 433 22, . ee•ao s \ 74 s 43-g 40-5 m' L - Y N p.. E 10-24 .. ie ♦ ] s] 71 21 111 Rzr� : S ' T R E E T14 9 : ' . ,-s i 1 SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS: FEDERAL STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT 1"=100' HP 12 32 Federal Street' ` HP 13 HP 17 40 Federal Street. 60 Federal Street HP 14 HP 18 50 Federal Street 62 Federal Street HP 15 HP 19 54 Federal Street 65 Federal Street HP 16 HP 20 58 Federal Street 63 Federal Street I , NIS!o Oka Aa 1011,I 1 O1- Eap 10-31-H4 ' tan's�edj.States Department of the Interior - National Park Service For NPs use only National Register of Historic Places received Inventory—Nomination Form date entered See instructions iri How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections 1 . Name Historic Resources of Downtown Salem (Partial Inventory: historic Historic and Architectural Properties) andlor common Same 2. Location Washington, Essex, Bridge, Derby, Norman, Summer, Liberty, St . Peter, street & number Federal, Church, Charter, Front, Central , NJAnot for publication Lafayette, Crombie, Sewell, Rust, and Ash Streets city,town Salem Nom"vicinity of state Massachusetts code 025 county Essex code 006 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public X occupied agriculture X museum- - useum-- building(s) private X unoccupied X commercial park _ _ structure X both X work in progress X educational X private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment X religious object -NjtAn process yes: restricted X government _ scientific X Multiple being considered yes: unrestricted X industrial transportation a Resource no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Multiple street & number city, town NIA_ vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Essex County South District Registry of Deeds street& number 50 Salem Street city, town Salem state Massachusetts 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Inventory of the Historic Assets See continuation sheet title Of the Commonwealth has this property been determined eligible? — yes X no date 1979 _federal }` state ____ county _ local depository for survey recordsMassachusetts Historical Co=ission city, town Boston state Massachusetts `_ _ f 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The Downtown Salem District includes representative groupings of buildings from all phases of Salem's commercial development. It incorporates the properties abutting Washington Street from Church Street to the north end of Riley Plaza; buildings on the north side of Essex which are highly visible from Town House Square; properties already listed on the National Register as the Old Town Hall district; properties facing on the principal block of Central Street; and buildings on the south side of Essex Street, forming the north edge of the Derby Square - Central Street area. The character of the area is uniformly urban and commercial, although the different periods of development contribute varied expressions of style, density and mass. The massing of buildings on Central Street is irregular, and, in combination with its modest scale, is suggestive of domestic architecture. Derby Square, by contrast, is a more uniform environment, although still domestic in scale. The massive commercial blocks lining Washington Street create a third distinct area within the district, with their uniform monumentality relieved by variation of stylistic detail. These physical differences reflect the development patterns of the downtown. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Essex and Washington Streets were lined with the homes of promi- nent citizens. Commercial buildings appeared for the first time in the early 19th century. Two of the earliest examples survive on Central Street, which was the site of the markets in the 18th century. Two prominent merchants, William Gray and Benjamin Hathorne, financed the construction of the Old Customs House (HP-82) , formerly known as the Central Building, in 1805. Facing the Customs House across Central Street is the last surviving example of Charles Bulfinch's work in Salem (HP-76), built in 1811 to house two of the many banks that were headquartered locally. The wooden building (HP-75) next to the Bulfinch building is one of the few residential structures surviving in the downtown. These three buildings define the character of Central Street, establishing an irregular, small-scale pattern of development. The appearance of Derby Square, which was developed a few years after the Central Street grouping, provides a notable contrast. The influence of a governing concept is obvious in its consistency of form, scale and materials. The imposition of deed restrictions helped to implement the plan even though individual structures were built independently by investors. The Old Town Hall (HP-72) is the centerpiece of Derby Square, with surrounding buildings subsidiary to it in function and design. The Washington Street corridor expresses the open competition of prosperous businessmen .. ; of the late 19th cei.`ury. The uniformity of scale and purpose of Derby Square is also apparent on Washington Street, although there is no single focus. Rather, the cumulative effect is that of an ambitious surge of commercial enthusiasm. The 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc. Ann Beha Associates: "The Peabody Block: A Preservation and Reuse Strategy", 1979. City of Salem building department records. Essex County Registry of Deeds. Essex Institute research files. Cavenda, David T. : "The Brick Store of Abel Lawrence", 1972. Heliotype Publishing Co. : View of the City of Salem, 1877. Hopkins, G.M. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874. McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Reardon, Elizabeth K. : Salem Historic District Study Committee Report, 1968. Salem city directories. , Salem Evening News: Illustrated History of Salem, 1897. �A Fev r".ia x UNITED STATES DEPART�1T OF THE INTEKIUK FOR t ,g USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - RE'CEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 19 individuality of the entrepreneurs behind these buildings is readily apparent in their eclectic stylistic identities. Ruskinian masonry on the Kinsman Block (HP-55), the monumental engaged columns on the Masonic Temple (HP-49) , the brick patterned arches of the Power Block (HP-39) , all enrich the character of the street and relieve the severity of scale. The Downtown Salem District is an expansion of the Old Town Hall District, which was listed on the National Register in 1972, and incorporates two individual sites, Salem City Hall (HP-56) , listed in 1973, and the Joshua Ward House (HP-38) , listed in 1978. It abuts four other small districts, and indirectly links up with the extensive Salem Common District, to provide recognition and protection to a broad band of Salem's significant properties. HP-38: 150 Washington Street (c. 1785) The Joshua Ward House is a three-story, brick Federal mansion, set imposingly on high ground well back from the street. Listed on the National Register in 1978, it was restored with the assistance of a Grant-in-Aid in 1979-80. HP-39: 140 Washington Street (1889 & 1895; Nathan P. Sanborn) The Power Block is a four-story loft building enlarged six years after its construction to the present six-bay width from the original three, to accommodate a furniture company's growing business. Its red brick walls are arched, corbelled and patterned in the Romanesque Revival style to frame the banks of windows. While the initial appearance of the facade is irregular, a closer examination shows each half to be independently symmetrical. The northern, original section is the most complex: storefronts on the ground floor; simply detailed triple windows on the second floor; a rectangular bank of four windows flanked by triple windows contained within corbelled segmental arches on the third floor; and banks of four windows on the top floor, crowned by a round arch in the center bay with segmental arches on either side. The 1895 addition is based on triple windows flanking a double unit at each of its upper levels. The second floor has straight headers; the. center bay of the third floor is contained in a segmental arch; and the central segmental motif is repeated on the top floor, flanked by round arched bays. The southern corner of the building is canted away from the street. The strength and clarity. of this varied composition make the Power Block one of the best examples of commercial architecture in Salem. F0,MNS 10-100a 5^ + 4 L;NITED STATES DEP } Oh THE INTERIOR FOR NPD USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE , . ... _ RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 20 ' HP-40: 122-128 Washington Street (1891; Blackall, Clapp 6 Whittemore) The four-story, five-bay Peabody Building is a red brick Georgian Revival edifice trimmed with white marble incised lintels and keystones. The central bay is emphasized on the second floor by a modified Palladian window, and on the third floor by a paired window. The fourth floor, which was added early in this century, features arched windows with Gothic tracery in the upper sash, in place of the twelve-over-two sash found in the rest of the building. A parapet rises above the pressed metal cornice. The storefronts have been altered. HP-41: 118-120 Washington Street (1882; Peabody & Stearns) A three-story, Classical Revival building with its end bays set off from two center bays by pilasters. in the same red brick as its walls. The original twelve-over-two window sash are intact on the third floor, as is the pressed metal cornice. The storefront has been altered. HP-42: 247 Essex Street (1913; Henry Bailey Alden) A two-story, brick Georgian Revival building constructed as headquarters for the Salem Gas Light Company. While the ground floor has been- altered, the original composition of a broad center bay flanked by narrow side elements is still evident in the upper level and panelled cornice: HP-43: 257 Essex Street (1910) The Merchants National Bank built this three-bay, brick Georgian Revival structure. Its monumental interior hall is expressed in the two-story high arched windows, which are separated from the central entrance by double, pilasters. Limestone quoins mark the corners of 'the facade, which is crowned with a parapet. „ HP-44: 250-254 Essex Street (1925) A four-story, four-bay building with a cast stone facade. The decorative stonework contrasts with the clean lines of the plate glass inset bays. HP-45: 244-248 Essex Street (c. 1834) A three-story red brick, brownstone trimmed Greek Revival commercial building, with nine bays that divide into three sections corresponding to granite-framed storefronts on the ground floor. The eastern section of the building is emphasized by a cross-gable containing a lunette divided into three individual windows. The remainder of the roof is punctuated by a single dormer and a tall narrow chimney. i0e 74j L NITtU STATES UEPART\1. T Oh THE INTERIORFOR K'.'a USE ONLY NATIONAL PARk`SER_VICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER- C7 PAGE 21' - HP-46: 242 Essex Street (1877; William D. Dennis) A diminutive two-story, two-bay Italianate store building distinguished by its V well preserved marble front. Ashlar blocks contrast with a highly decorative bracketed cornice and drip-molded lintels above the windows. HP-47: 234 Essex Street (1885 & 1911) This imposing commercial block was built in two stages, to accommodate the growth of William Webber's prosperous dry goods business. The uniform appear- ance of the building results from a conscious adherence to a consistent design program in the Classical Revival style. Occupying a prominent corner in downtown Salem, the three-story, red brick block stretches eight bays wide. along Essex Street, and eleven bays along Washington. The original plate glass storefronts are hidden by aluminum panels, but the upper floors retain their traditional appearance. The large second floor windows are separated only by delicate pilasters and span the full height of the floor. A metal cornice separates this level from the top floor, which is composed of twelve- over-two double hung sash. A frieze is suggested by recessed panels of brick- work below the pressed metal cornice. A"single oriel punctuates each of the principal faces of the building. HP-48: 90 Washington Street (1945) A four-story, yellow brick building which displays the influence of the International Style in its banded fenestration and undecorated facade. HP-49: 70 Washington Street (1915; Little & Brown) The monumental, four-story Classical Revival facade of the Masonic Temple effectively .'isguises the building's bulk behind' a colossal frontispiece. Ground floor storefronts are contained by a rusticated limestone English basement. The nine-bay brick facade of the upper floors is scaled by an engaged Corinthian colonnade, flanked by wings of classically detailed windows, all sheltered' by a broad cornice and central pediment concealing the extended height of the top floor. This building introduced interior retail space to Salem, with a shopping arcade that has been sacrificed to provide an elevator bank. HP-50: 60 Washington Street (1890; Lord & Fuller) A handsome commercial block designed by Salem's leading local architects for successful real estate and insurance broker Charles Odell. The two-story, four-bay facade is organized by a Romanesque arcade, which serves as decoration for the building. T3 300, lar.'io Tai' < UNITED STATES DEPARTNIO") OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE --. RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM OA7E ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 22 ' HP-51: 32-34 Church Street (1879) A two-story, panelled brick structure built for municipal water department headquarters. The irregular single and double bay pattern of the fenestration was dictated by function, not style. The chief decorative feature is the handsome corbelled cornice and peaked central element framing the datestone. HP-52: 30 Church Street (1861, 1887; George Hadley, William D. Dennis) A two-story, red brick firehouse with segmentally arched fenestration: three broad bays on the ground floor, and five double hung windows upstairs. The distinctive silhouette of the tall hose-tower at the rear of the building is a .local landmark due to its concave Mansard roof. HP-53: 33 Church Street (1831, 1896; Ernest M.A. Machado) The Salem Lyceum was the intellectual and scientific center for the area throughout the 19th century, witnessing lectures by prominent figures such as Daniel Webster, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Quincy Adams and Horace Mann. Alexander Graham Bell sent the first telephone press dispatch to Boston on the evening of his lecture here. The original wooden building was rebuilt in Flemish bond brickwork with Georgian Revival details by Ernest Machado, . _ after a serious fire in 1896. Two stories high, a belt course divides the broad storefront bays at ground level from the single and paired windows on the second floor. HP-54: 71 Washington Street (1882) '``' The original Cate's Block was a red brick, Romanesque Revival style commercial building and social hall. Its present Classical Revival appearance dates from a facelift in the early 20th century. The original fenestration, with tall arched windows in the top floor, was overlaid with a rusticated English basement, two-story pilasters, stucco walls and a parapeted cornice. HP-55: 75-87 Washington Street (1882; Lord & Fuller) Salem entrepreneur John Kinsman built this ambitious block, containing ground floor storefronts, lawyers' suites on the second floor, and twin social halls on the third floor. The three-story block is an excellent example of the Ruskinian Gothic style, with polychrome trim contrasting with its red brick walls. The highly decorated, broken corbelled cornice and parapet is a testament to the architects' skill. HP-56: 93 Washington Street (1838; Richard Bond) The severe granite facade of Salem City Hall is a masterpiece of Greek Revival style public architecture. It was listed on the National Register in 1973. jPeq 10-741 UNITED STATES OtPAKTM { f OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE- RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET--- Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 23 ' HP-57: 97-103 Washington Street (c. 1900) A four-story, red brick commercial buildinR with its fenestration organized by pilaster strips into a a bank of four windows ed by groups of three. Some-r-estraned-�elling is-the_only ornamentation on e building. HP- 8. 22� 8-232 Essex Street (1892) A four-story, red brick building with two facades, befitting its location on the principal intersection in downtown Salem. The storefronts have been altered, but the upper floors retain their classical detailing, with giant pilasters supporting a dentillated cornice. Three bays of triple window occupy the Essex Street face, with two more bays facing Washington St et. The lintels of the fourth floor windows break into arches above h center windows, suggesting a Palladian motif. HP-59: 231 Essex Street (1826, 1877; Peter Banner & Solomon Willard) Distinguished Boston architects Willard and Banner built the fourth - meetinghouse on this site for the First Church of Salem. When Daniel Low's department store bought the property, a new facade on Washington Street was added in the contemporary Ruskinian style to help establish- - the building's new identity. The building was listed on the National Register in 1972, in the Old Town Hall district. HP-60: 125-131 Washington Street (1855, c. 1910, 1973) The 19th century Asiatic Bank Building was totally rebuilt for the Salem Savings Bank by Arthur E. French. After the property was listed on the National Register in 1972, as part of the Old Town Hall district, an addition to the south side doubled the size of the building, supporting its design with monumental pilaster strips defining the new mass. HP-61: 133 Washington Street (1808) A red brick, Federal style store building built -for Abel Lawrence, a ' wealthy merchant whose principal business was a distillery on Front Street. The property is included in the Old Town Hall district, listed on the National Register in 1972. HP-62: 143 Washington Street (c. 1855) A foursquare Greek Revival store which anchors the corner of Washington and Front Streets. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 in the Old Town Hall district. - Oev 10.761 ti UNITED STATES DEP \RT%I' OF THE INTERIOR , FOR Nr5l.SE ONLY .NATIONALPARK.SERVICE- RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 24 HP-63: 155-189 Washington Street (1874; Bruce & Copeland) Although disfigured by picture windows and stucco cladding covering its original shiplap siding, the distinctive Italianate detail of the Arrington Block is still visible. Built after the widening of Washington Street forced the demolition of its predecessor, this block is the last wood-frame commercial structure to survive in downtown Salem, and as such is an important reminder of the city's former appearance. Originally built in the form of a main block with side ell, to break up its length, another side extension to the corner of Front Street was added in-the 1930s and contributes nothing to the integrity of the structure. Three stories high, the main section is nine bays wide and distinguished by peaked lintels on the third floor windows and a bold cornice. Its original ell stretches fifteen bays to the south, with simpler detail to minimize its extent. The block served as a hotel, first as the Central House, later as the Washington House Annex, benefitting from its location adjacent to the railroad station which stood at the head of Riley Plaza. HP-64: 21 Front Street (1845; L. Putnam) A two-story, brick and granite Greek Revival store listed on the National Register in 1972 as part of the Old Town Hall district. HP-65: 15 Front Street (c. 1860) A tiny two-story brick building in the Italianate style, which was constructed as Salem's police station. It is incorporated in the Old Twon Hall National Register district. HP-66: 32 Front Str,�et (c. 1860) A two-story brick warehouse structure with a Mansard roof, included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-67: 15 Derby Square (c. 1820) A two-story red brick Federal style commercial building which is a principal structure in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-68: 16-20 Front Street (1974) An infill structure which continues the design of its neighbors, standing within the Old Town Hall National Register district. Fmm Mo 10-30ca IRta 10-761 ''- I UNITED STATES DEP.ARTN11:1;yT OF THE INTERIOR pOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. ._ RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 25 HP-69: 6-12 Front Street (c. 1830) A two-story, brick and granite Greek Revival store building, included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-70: 22-26 Derby Square (c. 1915) A three-story warehouse building that forms one edge of Derby Square. Listed on the National Register as part of the Old Town Hall district. HP-71: 16-20 Derby Square (c. 1900) A four-story brick warehouse that is included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-72: Old Town Hall, Derby Square (1816) The centerpiece of Derby Square, this dintinctive Federal style building combined the town meeting hall with a market. It was listed on the National Register with its surroundings in 1972. HP-73: 20 Central Street (1979; Robert L. Scagliotti) A four-story, red brick mixed use development which spans the area between Central Street and Derby Square, containing a raised public plaza above parking with adjoining retail space on either side, and residential condominiums on the upper floors. Varied facade treatments respond to the different environments surrounding the complex. HP-74: 17 Central Street (1912; John Mathew Gray) Salem's three-story Classical Revival police station is built of brick with limestone trim. Entrances occur at either end of the English basement, with circulation towers expressed in the windows of the upper floors, where five full height arched windows are flanked by vertically aligned conventional double-hung sash. HP-75: 13 Central Street (1766) A three-story, five-bay wood house, with ground floor storefronts preserving the domestic scale of the original Georgian form. . HP-76: 11 Central Street (1811; Charles Bulfinch) Bulfinch's last remaining attributed work in Salem was built to house two banks, but has been the home of the Salem.Fraternity, a charitible organization, since 1899. Its two-story, five-bay, red brick form clearly reveals Bulfinch's design, with first floor arched windows set off by sill and spring courses, and divided by a belt course from the second floor. An iRe 10761 �\ 1 UN[TED STATES vEPARTNIrt.� T Oh THE INTERIOR FOR USE ONLY NATIONALPARKSERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 26 Italianate portico and cornice are deftly handled, and enhance the character of the building. HP-77: 3-7 Central Street (1886; William D. Dennis) The Newcomb Building was originally occupied by Frederick Porter's meat market and Holly Tree dining rooms. Three stories high, its central bay is set off by pilaster strips which break through the corbelled cornice. The second floor fenestration is evenly divided into groups of three windows, although the paired third floor windows are distributed with a single pair flanked by two pair. Stone and brick patterned sill courses join the brick lintels. as decoration for the building. HP-78: 173 Essex Street (1858) The three-story, Italianate style Downing Block is a rare local example of its type. Masonry construction was relatively rare in .Salem until after the Civil War, and the Downing Block's wooden contemporaries were steadily replaced by later development. Heavy brownstone lintels dominate the six-bay facade, which is crowned by a broken cornice surmounted .by a segmental arch framing its datestone. HP-79: 179 Essex Street (c.1860) An Italianate commercial building three stories high and three bays wide, with an elaborate panelled cornice and decorated lintels. Its granite block storefront recalls earlier commercial styles. . HP-80: 183 Essex Street (c. 1875) A two-story, three-bay store building in the Queen Anne Panelled Brick style. Its granite framed storefront supports tall second floor fenestration, composed of a paired window crowned by a semicircular leaded transom; flanked by triple hung windows whose top sash is small paned and patterned. A simple corbelled cornice completes its composition. HP-81: 185 Essex Street (1847; Gridley J.F. Bryant) The Naumkeag Block is the only known local example of Bryant's commercial work. Its-brick and granite Greek Revival form is diminished by the loss of its hipped roof, but its elegant curved corner, brownstone headed tall windows at the second floor, and brick pilaster strips suggest its former proportions. Form Nd 10.30Ca - . . ....... __._-_. ._ a IA e.107d1 UNITED STATES DEPART�tt'= OF THE INTERIOR rRZCEIVFD 5 USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE '^ .. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 27 HP-82: 4-10 Central Street (1805; Samuel McIntire) Salem's Old Customs.; House, at the corner of Central and Essex Streets, was developed by prominent merchants William S. Gray and Benjamin Hathorne. The Customs Office was one of a number of important commercial tenants in the red brick structure, until changes in maritime trade resulted in the relocation of Salem's shipping trade from the Front Street area to deeper waters. The tripartite facade of the three-story building is strictly symmetrical, with a central seven-bay pavilion crowned by a low pediment. Three-bay wings are simply detailed; with ground floor arched windows, splayed lintels heading the second floor windows, and shorter attic story windows typical of the Federal style. The center entrance bay is emphasized only by a relieving arch at the second floor containing_a-P-al-iadian win o-'d w 'and-by-a_lpnette window in the pediment;- HP=83: 197- 1 Essex Street (1932, 1977) The present appearance of this simple brick storefront dates from recent - remodelling. Three broad display bays are recessed in the facade., serving as the building's only articulation. HP-84: 203-209 s IC WKee er A yellow brick, Classical Revival commercial building designed to house the ' Naumkeag Clothing Company, a local department store. Three stories tall, the facade treatment wraps around three bays on each side, as well as the nine-bay front wall. Ground floor storefronts are the base of .the classical composition, with monumental pilasters defining each bay of the upper floors. A brick frieze is sheltered by a pressed metal cornice. Decorative metal spandrels separate each vertically aligned pair of windows, crowned by a rusticated arch motif. HP-85: 213-215 Essex Street (c. 1816) A brick and granite store building constructed by the developers of Derby Square as part of their -initial plan. Listed on the National Register in 1972, along with the Old Town Hall district. HP-86: 5 Derby -Square (c. 1816) A red brick commercial structure built by John Derby and Benjamin Pickman - Jr. to support their Derby Square development. This building is contained within the Old Town Hall district, listed on the National Register in 1972. IR" 16.741 ' LN1TEDSTATES DEPARTML'p�Oh THE INTERIOR rORALISE ONLYNATIONAL PARK SERVICE D NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 28 - HP-87: 217 Essex Street (1900) Built as the Hoyt Block, this Classical Revival commercial block has been the home of the Naumkeag Trust Company since 1910. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 in the Old Town Hall district. HP-88: 225 Essex Street (1873, Bruce 6 Copeland) The five-story Hale Building is Salem's only cast iron front structure, with an appearance typical of this building technology. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 as a member of the Old Town Hall district. HP-3: 206-2.12 Essex Street (1892) The Gardner Block is .a..three=story brick building with a flat roof, and.a five- bay symmetrical facade classically detailed with granite trim. The center three- bay section breaks forward from the facade plane, and is articulated with monu- mental Corinthian pilasters on the upper floors, supported by engaged columns at the ground floor. The deeply recessed, arched entranceway dominates the compo- sition of the facade, reinforced by the triple window at the center of the second floor, reflecting the configuration of the Palladian window above it. Splayed keystoned lintels cap' the rectangular openings of the upper floor windows. A 1977 addition on the east side of the bank by local archi- tect Oscar Padjen is notable for its successful integration of old and new design. The facade plane is continued by a single sotry high arcaded screen,. with the curtain wall addition set back, forming a courtyard. The ground floor originally housed twin banking halls, which have been combined into one. The original marble and exotic wood finishes have been preserved. The Salem Five Cents Savings Bank opened on May 14, 1855 at 173 Essex Street (HIP. 78), moved to the Downing Block, and in the 1870s moved to the . Northey Building at the corner of Essex and Washington Streets. The Salem Five Cents Savings Bank catered. to the small depositor's account, encouraging children and young adults to save. Of the first 300 depositors, 262 were minors. The Bank was one of the only banks in the area which would open an account with a minimum deposit of five cents. In 1893 the Salem Five moved into one-half of thefirst floor of the new Gardner.Building; the other half was home to the First National Bank. The Salem Five owns and occupies the entire building today. HP-4: 216-218 Essex Street (c.1805) The Federal style commercial building at 216-218 Essex Street was built c.1805 by storekeeper Jacob Rust. It is the oldest store building in downtown Salem, and one of the fifty brick structures recorded in the city in 1806. The three-story building has a pitched roof, with two tall chimneys rising from each end wall. The four-bay facade is marked at the floor levels by belt courses which return one bay at each sides. Wall openings for the two (Continued) Nos'r•�'1a.oa. - OMB_NC102.-0019 yY - Ea0'10-71-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park ServiceH�s>s >o_i� , National Register of Historic Places _ . ; Inventory—Nomination. Form Continuation sheet Downtown Salem Item number C7 - page 29 " storefronts and at the second floor are segmentally arched,. in contrast to the rectangular third floor windows. A molded brick cornice defines the roofline. The building is one of the city's earliest commercial structures, predating the commercial development of Essex Street by ten years. Its significance is enhanced by its material, since brick was unpopular in Salem. In 1806, the Gazette published a list of fifty brick buildings then standing; Rust's store and the Old Customs House are the only commercial buldings on this list to survive in the downtown. IPr. 10-741 .. �. .....�.... ,- \ > UNITED STATES DEPARTN1Eq�Of THE INTERIUR EDATE ^. JSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - D NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM TERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downt own Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 29 ' Downtown Salem National Register District Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 60 Washington Street (35-22) l' Sertech Laboratories, Inc. 1 Peabody Street Salem, Mass. 01970 70 Washington Street (35-19) 1 Salem Masonic Temple Assn. 70 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 90 Washington Street (35-18) -3 Harris Realty Trust Carl Harris, Tr. 234 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 - 118-120 Washington Street (35-5) 1 Mansfield Realty Associates 144 Boylston Street Boston, Mass. 02116 122-128 Washington Street (35-4) 1 Mansfield Realty Associates - see above 140 Washington Street (35-3) 1 Barton Realty Co. 140 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 150 Washington Street (35-2)° 1 Ernest J. Zampell 50 Rantoul Street Beverly, Mass. 01915 71 Washington Street (35-198) 2 Salem Co-op Bank - 71 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 75-87 Washington Street (35-199) 1 James Kallas et ali c/o Charles Panagopoulos 81 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 ;0,., N-. :J-3Gi2 i UNITED STATES DEPARTN1Elull 0h THE INTERIOR [FOR Nf-c�` SE ONLYNATIONAL PARK SERVICEECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 30 Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 93 Washington Street (35-200)° 1 City of Salem 93 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 97-103 Washington Street (35-201) 2 Joriman Trust Richard Shribman et al, Trs. 20 Stanley Road Swampscott, Mass. 01907 125-131 Washington Street (35-255)° 2 Salem Savings Bank- 125 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 133 Washington Street (35-256)' 1 George H. Sawtell 8 Otis Street Danvers, Mass.. 01923 _ 143 Washington Street (35-611)0 1- Becket Street Realty Trust Stephen Ingemi, Tr. 126 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 155-189 Washington Street (34-426) 1 Salem News Publishing Co. 155 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 -. 173 Essex Street (35-617) 1 Barbara Lally 30 Arthur Avenue Marblehead, Mass. 01945 179 Essex Street (35-231) 1 Bernard's Inc. 179 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 183 Essex Street (35-232) 1 Boston Leader Millinery & Hosiery Stores, Inc. 10 Holden Street Malden; Mass. 02148 185 Essex Street (35-233) 1 Simgert Trust c/o Dana Myer & Son 3 Center Plaza; Suite 200 Boston, Mass. 02108 - iAer� 10-7d1 UNITEU STATES t)EPART`tEOF THE INTERIOR - t:r FOR Nr"'- SE ONLY - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTI NUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 31 Property Address (SAMA) Importance Rating* Ownership 197-201 Essex Street (35-238) 3 Beverly E. G William Carmen 10 Dartmouth Street W. Newton, Mass. 02165 203-209 Essex Street (35-240) 2 Joseph R. 6 Stephen C. Ingemi 36 Margin Street Salem, Mass. 01970 217 Essex Street (35-251)` 2 Naumkeag Trust Company 217 Essex Street Salem, Mass. . 01970 225 Essex Street (35-251)0 1 Naumkeag Trust .Company see above 231 Essex Street (35-254)0 1 Higginson Square Realty Trust ` William S. Follett, Tr. 231 Essex Street Salem, .Mass. 01970 . . . 247 Essex Street (35-4) 2 Mansfield Realty Associates . see 118-120 Washington Street 257 Essex Street (35-8) 1 Merchants National Bank 255 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 228-232 Essex Street (35-202) 1 Ricknor Realty Corp. 150 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970. 234 Essex Street (35-16,17) 1 Harris Realty Trust see 90 Washington Street 242 Essex Street (35-15) 1 Harris Realty Trust see above 244-248 Essex Street (35-14) 1 David Todreas 62 Pleasant Street Malden, Mass. 02148 252 Essex Street (35-13) 2 James Kallas et ali see 75-87 Washington Street Fc.m/:L 10.300a - - ..-�--- iq,V 10.761 LNITEDSTATES DEPARTNIECD0} THE INTERIOR FOR Nr�=JSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ' RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORMENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 32 Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 4-10 Central Street (35-237, 1 Pasquanna Developers, Inc. 250 & 603) 58 Collins Street Lynn, Mass. 01902 20 Central Street (35-242, 247, 3 Pasquanna Developers, Inc. 248, 249 & 608) see above 3-7 Central Street (35-234) 1 Hillmann Family Realty Trust Douglas S. Hillmann, Tr. 13 Strawberry Hill Road Andover, Mass. 01810 11 Central Street (35-612) 1 Salem Fraternity c/o Edwin W. Dennis 33 Warren Street Salem, Mass. 01970 13 Central Street (35-235) 2 Salem Fraternity see above 17 Central Street (35-236) 2 City of. Salem"- see 93 Washington Street Old Town Hall, Derby Square (35-253)' 1 City of Salem see above 1 Derby Square (35-241)' 1 Morton B. Braun c/o Derby Square Co. Moccasin Hill Road Lincoln, Mass. 01773 5 Derby Square (35-274)0 1 Morton B. Braun see above 15 Derby Square (35-243)0 1 Welch Family Trust Harold W. Scully, Tr. 15 Front- Street Salem, Mass. 01970 16-20 Derby Square° 2 Higginson Square Realty Trust see 231 Essex Street 22-26 Derby Square* 2 Higginson Square Realty Trust see above , T., 10-j-1 i4r, 10 741 LNITEDSTATES DE.PARTUta� OF THE INTERIOR FOR r USE ONtY . NATIONAL,PARKru� VICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 33 Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 15 Front Street (34-421)° 1 Welch Family Trust see 15 Derby Square 21 Front Street (34-422)' 1 McDougall Realty Trust Daniel R. McDougall, Tr. 17 Front Street Salem, Mass. 01970 6-12 Front Street (35-245)0 1 Welch Family Trust see 15 Derby Square 16-20 Front Street (35-244)0 2 Welch Family Trust see above 32 Front Street (35-257)0 2 Becket Street Realty Trust Joseph R. Ingemi et al, Trs. 36 Margin Street Salem, Mass. 01970 33 Church Street (35-601) 1 Salem Lyceum Realty Trust Joan M. Boudreau, Tr. 33 Church Street Salem, Mass. 0197,0- 30 Church Street (35-445) 2 Elemar, Inc. 30 Church Street Salem, Mass. 01970 32-35 Church Street (35-197) 2, 1 Church Street Realty Trust George E. Maguire et al, Trs. Box 208 Salem, Mass. 01970 206-212 Essex Street (35-205) 1 Salem 5C Savings Bank 210 Essex St. Salem, Mass. 01970 216-218 Essex Street (35-204) 1 Crete Realty Trust Nondas Lagonakis, Tr. 9 Bridge Street -- Salem, Mass. 01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district 'Property already listed on National Register r Fo.MNu 10-3003 - - LNITEL` STATES DEPART%IEc . OF THE INTERIOR FOR NP9'USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - - - RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C8 PAGE 34 Salem Evening News: January 15, 1883; July 20, 1886; March 26, 1889; May 22, 1889; May 20, 1890; June 24, 1891; March 28, 1892; July 21, 1892; June 2, 1893; October 18, 1895; August 1, 1896; February 14, 1899; January 19, 1911; March 12, 1913; June 6, 1914; September 14, 1914; and March 30, 1915. Salem Gazette: February 4, 1806; January 23, 1874; and September 29, 1882. Salem Register: December 6, 1847; May 7, 1877; and November 22, 1886. Sanborn Map Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1883: Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906, corrected to 1929. Tolles, Bryant F. Jr, and Caroline: Guide to Salem Architecture, in manuscript. Walker Lithograph 6 Publishing Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1911. Webber, .William G. : The Old Corner, 1912. 1 Ell SALEM j COURTH --- _ 609 _ 1 I SPIRE N L 10741 I ' TAI Lp 6 T sloe F E- D 'Er R A I LI ._ ... _ - =2v a eoeza 23 - 600 .1 —•1 Z3,969 .I 22400 HP _ -- °I_' HP 51 ,e 74 27. DI 9 as HP 50 S-N,,,,�� b p 1 �.Y N z 'I= HP HP' 212 i D E S T. I 64 s90 1 z 216 I �uP<o RP�49 'In "- ; 614 ' DOWNTOWN SALEM NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICT 11 I 555 _ 19.942 SALEM MASSACHUSETTS -1983 o .e . . HP 48 z I HP-56— Cl Y_}IA' l 206 i • x - xOSBP 12 44 'f8 5 HP4 HP3. 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' }•S�. y Y�, ai '� rt.�d§��.row'{` vs� c�� tp` ,.� - � * r4 S a5'�a,rte f'dT3 + .t•s >s 'red �f 5r r1 •_,. .� «s —.. }�<.�" sx 'k Gum � ■�„ L I I Fn ¢Tqy =i_�_�. �,� ,.t.•.a�` ,ac" �'ssyr �,t,X+'�F}.,-.Y,. y-'k .iSi•�s ��+s,�' r �n`a •.- $•tea"�� "Y Na� � L m 1 1 •'' ,I-��SI�; . � �, � X9`1 \. 1 .Jx Y i�li � �F4 r l •#�:� �4 ��rrr d a s � r r.�i1��, �.F:Ix� da �i �• x :.i.e .e 7� e . r EP d ilk �I L�'zt fry•r(r �'ti ��p,E 3 MA 3 V f r a3 4�':� •fes� ��tY+"t`!T' �nT'�.-a �,�.,n" y� '.#¢�,t1-"�4•V'Sat Lx'<'„�}J� s��'s �� a a4 �Q �� t T. l•� � .i 'WY {.. Ii:U�l l-fl 9.= ��.9+: �a e- 1 sk'.� 'fr,; .r '€' -Y,>. .�. .�d- .r�T.i r •s �Y� .�2 `'�`Y•tr`'3. r�i} vs. �3��^ �1�� T. , Description Historic Resources of Downtown Salem, Massachusetts • 4 Condition t Check one Check one .X_ excellent _ deteriorated _X_ unaltered _X_, original site X— good — ruins X altered X_ moved date S-ee i_nyentory forms -X—fair unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance Salem is a city of 38 , 220 located on the Atlantic Seaboard in southern Essex County, 16 miles northeast of Boston. Boundaries for the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area correspond to those of the present commercial. district as well as to those of the 17th century settlement (see Section 10 for details) . It is surrounded by several National Register districts , including the Chestnut Street Historic District (1973) to the west, the Salem Common Historic District (1976) to the east, and the Derby Waterfront Historic District (1976) to the southeast . It also includes several existing National Register properties and districts listed in Section 10 . Topographically, Salem occupies an irregular V-shaped peninsula, protected from the full force of the Atlantic by Beverly and Salem harbors. Stemming from the rocky highlands to the west, the peninsula was created as a glacial outwash plain bordered on the north and south by tidal rivers known as the North and South rivers. The village of Salem was established at the peninsula ' s narrowest point, accessible to both rivers . Oriented to the sea from the beginning, the town was laid out in lots facing the rivers, with the public buildings centered on the street linking the riverbanks , now called Washington Street. Politically, Salem originated as part of a massive land grant to the Massachusetts Company. It served as the shire town of this territory from 1628 until . 1630 when administrative functions were transferred to Charlestown by John Winthrop, the newly appointed colonial governor . At that time, Salem and Charlestown were the only settled areas in the colony. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Salem' s territory was gradually whittled away as new towns were established: Wenham (Enon) was incorporated in 1643, Marblehead in 1649 , Topsfield in 1650 , Beverly in 1668 , Middleton in 1728 , and Danvers in 1757 . Salem, as the mother town, was never formally incorporated. Although Salem lost its role as capitol of the colony in 1630 , it was made a shire town in 1643 when Essex County was established, thus continuing its role as a regional political center. Since its founding in 1626, Salem has served as an economic and political core for the entire region now defined as Essex County. The English Puritans who settled here were attracted by the natural harbor, and maritime activity became an economic force early in the community ' s history. The great wealth amassed by Salem' s merchant-adventurers in the 18th and. early 19th centuries was visible in their elegant residences , but the expression of prosperity in commercial architecture was limited by the character of their business . The decline of shipping coupled with industrial growth focused new investment on downtown Salem in the mid 19th century. Conservative attitudes and a sound economic base helped to insulate Salem from the boom and bust cycle characteristic of post-industrial history. Downtown development cul- minated in the 1880s and ' 90s with the construction of the substantial commercial blocks which line Washington Street. A disastrous fire in 1914 , comparable to the Great Fires of Chicago, San Francisco and Boston, destroyed acres of industrial and residential development, but spared the downtown. The impact of this (Continued) 1 MVS Frm 16900 OMS N11024-001! aA Ea V.*-3t-B4 Unite A States Department of the Interior s fi Natibnal Park Service �Nas.uaB only National Register of Historic Places rn Inventory—Nomination Form x nate entered' Historic Resources of Downtown . Continuation sheet Item number - ---- Salem, Massachusetts 7 �9e 1 fire was to divert investment, and later development pressure, away from downtown, effectively preserving its 19th century character to the present . An urban renewal clearance program in the last decade obliterated an early 19th century vernacular neighborhood, but was redirected in support of preservation before the downtown commercial area was seriously eroded. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS The factors which contributed to present-day Salem' s appearance are discussed below by period. Please refer to the historic map series for specific locations . Plantation Period 1620-1675 Salem was settled in 1626 on a narrow neck of land flanked by the North and South rivers , both of which flowed into protected coves before reaching the Atlantic Ocean. The North River, a tributary of the Naumkeag ' (now Danvers) River, followed present-day Bridge Street , while the lesser South River followed Front and Derby Streets . The choice of Salem' s location followed the Native American preference for estuarine sites. From the beginning, these riverine connections greatly enhanced Salem' s regional role by providing easy access to inland, coastal and foreign points. The Naumkeag River and its tributaries led north to Beverly, and west to Danvers and Peabody, thus making available the rich resources of the hinterland , while making Salem their natural outlet. The South River formed a natural protected harbor leading to other American ports as well as foreign destinations. Salem capitalized on this natural resource early on, �-o that within a few years of settlement three scheduled ferries plied the North River, fishing and shipbuilding were important industries on Salem Neck (east of the survey area) , and foreign trade routes had been established. In addition to its easy access to water routes, Salem was also located on one of the seven primary overland corridors to Boston; this road ran along the coast through Ipswich and Lynn . It is believed that initial settlement in Salem occurred just southwest of the survey area , in the block bounded by present-day Norman, High, and Summer Streets. However , in 1628 , when Salem became the capitol of Massachusetts- Bay, the town was laid out in regular house lots which generally faced the two rivers and extended inland. A central street (present-day Washington Street) was laid out , four rods wide, connecting the rivers and the paths that followed their banks . The other major + roadway of this period was Essex Street which came into gradual use as an east-west thoroughfare , connecting the backs of .he houselots + (Continued) POPS Fa 1M1i7P# OMB Ma 1024-001! G� Ea0.10-31-04 i y _ United States Department of the Interior National Park Service r« ps Baa k p National Register of Historic Places aRA� 3 F auk 55 y�,> Inventory—Nomination Formtterea ! � :, R�aw Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 2..-- on .. -on its way inland to Danvers and eventually to Boston. Due to its prime location and early date , Salem' s population was relatively large during this period, with one estimate putting it at 900 in 1638 . While there are few physical remains from this period in the survey area, the locations of several public structures are known through documentary evidence. One was a fort, built on high ground between Washington and Summer Streets, probably on the western corner of present Sewell and Lynde Streets. A second important structure was the Town House (1677) erected in the middle of Washington Street, near what is 'now Lynde Street; its ground floor was used by the town while its upper story accomodated the court. Other structures included the First Church meeting house at the southeast corner of Washington and Essex Streets (1634) , a jail just south of the church (1668) and a courthouse on the west side of Washington Street opposite the jail . The most outstanding remaining feature in terms of size, visibility, and integrity is the Charter Street Cemetery (NR-2-Charter Street Historic District; 1975) . Dating from 1627, this is Salem' s oldest burying ground, and one of the earliest in the state. Adjacent to the cemetery is the heavily restored Pickman House of ca. 1638-1680 (NR-2-Charter Street Historic District; 1975) .- Colonial Period 1675-1780 Salem experienced steady growth during this period, fueled by the pros- perity of foreign trade. By 1675, Salem was involved in large-scale international commerce and its' physical form was slowly being modified to suit its new role. This was especially true at the southern edge of the survey area, and to the east. At that time the South River formed a tidal basin and harbor approximately where Riley Plaza is today, with shipyards and wharves along Front Street which marks the natural water line in the area. During much of this period and the ensuing Federal period, the South River was gradually being filled and channeled to accomodate more intensive use. By the end of the Colonial period, mercantile activities were becoming concentrated east of the survey area, around Derby Wharf (1762; NHS) , but their effect was felt throughout the city. A map of 1700 and a written account of 1750 provide a description of the survey areaduringthe Colonial period. The map (#1; From the Research of Sidney Perley) shows the survey area divided by an irregular network of streets which are further sub-divided into irregularly sized house lots . In addition to Washington Street (labeled Town House Street) and Essex Street (labeled Ye Main Street) are Front and Derby Streets following the bank of the South River, Central Street leading north to Essex Street, St. Peter Street (labeled Prison Lane) leading from Essex Street to the North River, Brown Street (labeled Highway to Ye (Continued) Mn term lo-coo-. OUR Na 1024-Arne 6414 Ea0•0-71-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service rugs Ucnlyn i�wk'��"r'�'"xy � y�Y .•� National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form aaieaa; sn Historic Resources of Downtown Continuatiom sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 3 Common) leading east from Prison Lane to Salem Common, and Norman Street leading west from Washington to Summer Street. At this time, few wharves had been constructed, and the South River was obstructed primarily by a dam, bridge and mill site southwest of the survey area. The written account (James Duncan Phillips, Salem in the Eighteenth Century: pp.168-176) characterized Salem as "little more than a village" in 1750 . According to this account, Washington Street was a broad, dusty way lined with residences. In the center was the Old Town House (reconstructed in 1719) , by then used as a school . Essex Street, from Central Street to Hawthorne Boulevard is described as a desirable place to live; west of Washington Street, it is characterized as a mixture of shops and residences giving way to swampy ground on the south. A number of warehouses and wharves stood at the southern end of Washington Street on the South River and others were being constructed at the northern end where a drawbridge .(1742-1744) had just been completed to provide access to the northern planting fields and Danvers. Phillips states that the population at mid century was 3, 472 persons, with 1,629 males, 1, 710 females and 123 blacks. He also states that the town contained 372 houses although Cola Goelet, who visited Salem in 1750 , said it "consists of about 450 houses, Several of which are neat Buildings, but all of wood, and Covers a Great Deal of Ground, being at a Convenient Distance from Each Other with fine Gardens back their Houses. " Few structures remain standing in the survey area to attest to the architectural character of the Colonial period . The handful that do are laterally sited, modest 2,-story wood frame residences which lend some credence to the architectural description of Salem in the 1720s and ' 30s provided by Phillips . He stated, "The kind of dwelling house in Salem had gradually changed since the early type of steep roofs, overhanging second stories, latticed windows, and clustered chimneys, and a new style of gambrel roofs had crept in . . . . The large square wooden houses belong to a later period" (Salem in the Eighteenth Century: p.128) . Extant gambrel roof examples include 47 Federal Street of ca. 1760-90 (HP-24 ; Area A) and 18 Crombie Street of ca . 1770 (HP-29 ; Area B) . Gable roof survivors are 13 Central Street of 1766 (HP-75; Area C) and the Grimshaw House of 1770 (NR-2-Charter Street Historic.. District; 1975) . 7 Federal Period 1780-1830 The expansion of trade after the Revolution brought even greater wealth and population to Salem. Physical evidence of this prosperity is apparent in the increasing separation of function as well as in the many innovative, architect-designed buildings constructed. As the develcpmen ' pressure (Continued) MPS Yam 101 6& _ OMB MM 1070-0018 04Z EJP•10-71-84 United States Department of the .Interior Natignaf Park Service r-er NPs u1m ort � M National Register of Historic Places ► , <` Inventory—Nomination Form dateenfered; ;h rw Historic Resources of Downtown a Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 4 on the downtown increased, new construction assumed a predominantly commercial character. Concurrently, residential uses became concentrated in surrounding areas, most notably on Federal and Chestnut Streets to the west (Chestnut Street Historic District; NR-1973) and around the Common to the east (Salem Common Historic District; NR-1976) . Resi- dential development also spread along Derby Street, as a result of the shift of wharves and 'shipping facilities to deeper waters east of. the survey area (see Derby Waterfront Historic District; NR-1976) . Prosperity is also seen in the number of new streets laid out. A map of 1832 (#3) shows several major new east-west cross streets : Church and Lynde Streets crossed Washington Street above Essex Street; Federal Street was laid out above that; and Bridge Street ran along the North River from the North Bridge at Summer Street to the Beverly Bridge. The only important new north-south street was Lafayette Street, connecting Central Street with the new South Bridge of 1810 . Additionally, a number of secondary north-south ways appeared. Rust and Ash Streets in the northeastern quadrant of the downtown, and Sewell Street, Crombie Street and Barton Square in the southwestern quadrant. The most important addition to Salem' s streetscape was the Salem Turnpike which connected with Essex Street. Constructed in 1802-1803, it was the first turnpike in the county and ran for 12 straight miles to Charlestown Square. The Federal period is the first for which large numbers of structures remain. This is attributable to several factors, including commercial usage , masonry construction, high design quality, and the relatively large number of buildings constructed. Jacob Rust' s brick store at 216-218 Essex St. (HP-4, Area C)and the large Central Building (HP-82 ; Area C) , erected by merchants Benjamin Hathorne and William S . Gray, both appeared arounC 1805 . The Central Building, known today as the Old Customs House, also housed a variety of commercial and institutional uses , including the Masonic Lodge and the new Salem Athenaeum. Designed by prominent local architect Samuel McIntire, this sophisticated building assumes the form of other important institutional buildings of the period : three-story rectangle symmetrically organized around a pedimented central pavillion. The first bank building in Essex County (HP-76 ;Area C) was erected on Central Street in 1811 . As the county seat and commercial hub, Salem developed as a financial center early in the 19th century. A series of bank headquarters built throughout the century was notable for architectural distinction. This building, now the home of the Salem Fraternity, was designed by the prominent Boston architect Charles Bulfinch , and is the only known example of his work to survive in Salem. The increasingly commercial character of Essex Street was boosted by the development of Derby Square in 1815-1817 . Elias Hasket Derby died (Continued) r MPs fbIm MOMS OMB M IQ24-=a pat! Eap.10-31-84 itmitesl: States Department of the Interior - .. National park Service � Nas;,a,oniYxr National Register of Historic Places e w � Inventory—Nomination Form aatetentered " Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7- Page _5 in 1799, the same year his mansion was completed, and a dispute among his heirs finally led to its demolition in 1815 . John Derby and Benjamin Pickman, Jr. carefully planned a new commercial development on the site. Following the model of the Lechmere Point Corporation and its 1811 development of East Cambridge, Derby and Pickman donated land in the center of their square for a Town Hall and Market (HP-72 ; Area C) . They also inserted deed restrictions to control the character of the square by allowing only masonry construction. Limited residential growth took place downtown as well, although primarily in peripheral areas. One was a modest neighborhood north of Essex Street. Only two buildings , the Universalist Church (HP-4) and the small brick house at 7 Ash Street (HP-3) , remain to indicate the original character of this area, which was cleared during urban renewal in the late 1960s. At the west end of town, Benjamin Crombie, proprietor of the Salem Tavern on Essex Street, laid out a new street through his property and began to sell house lots along it in 1805 . The houses lining Crombie Street (HP-29 to 33; Area B) form the last intact residential group located in the downtown, and serve as an important link with central Salem' s former character. Population and valuation figures for the period show substantial growth, especially between the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 . Population, recorded at 5,337 in 1776, had more than doubled to 12,617 by 1810 . In the next twenty years the population grew modestly: 12 , 731 in 1812 and 13 , 886 in 1830 . A town valuation of 1784 recorded 646 houses and 183 shops. Early Industrial Period 1830=1870 Salem experienced profound physical modifications during this period, reflecting concurrent political , social and economic shifts . The extent of this change is illustrated by a comparison of maps from 1832 (#3) , 1851 . (#4) and 1874 (#5) . The 1832 map shows a limited street network, flanked by relatively free flowing rivers . In contrast, the 1851 and 1874 maps show a fully developed street system, and an almost total transformation of the waterfront, as trends begun during the 18th century were brought to culmination. By 1851, all existing streets were in place except New Derby and New Front Streets , a situation which remained unchanged by 1874 . The most dramatic change occurred along the South River, which was extensively dammed, channeled, wharfed and filled; the North River showed only limited change . Another notable change, seen by 1851 is the introduction of a rail line running beneath Washington Street with depots at both the northern and southern ends . Change is reflected in the building stock as well as in the transportation network, and once again, a fairly large sampling of buildings remains (Continued) MP3 f orm 10-Ma OMB NM 1024-001a dQ Esp.10-01-" ' United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places �8��°4✓� ` f> "Ni 5' 96 I Inventory Nomination Formt8 � i Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts item number 7 page _ 6 for study. The increased significance of the regional economy was rein- forced by a strengthening of the political system, .manifested in the construction of new public buildings . The incorporation of the City of Salem in 1836 was quickly followed by construction of a monumental granite-faced City Hall (HP-56 ; Area C) designed by Boston architect Richard Bond. Bond was again commissioned when a new granite Essex County Courthouse (HP-12;Area A) was built in 1841 . The previous court- house, a 1785 brick structure designed by Samuel McIntire, was demolished when the railroad tunnel under Washington Street was built in 1839 . Located only a block apart, the New Courthouse and City Hall represent different expressions of the popular Greek Revival style, although they are comparable in mass, scale and materials . The growing sophistication of the social environment of Salem was reflected in the increased use of masonry construction, overcoming the 18th century preference for wood. Gridley J. F. Bryant ' s Naumkeag Block (HP-81; Area C) , at the corner of Essex and Central Streets, is locally unique in its expression of a pilastered facade in brick. In 1851, Bryant ' s house for Tucker Daland (NR-Salem Common Historic District; 1976) at 130 Essex Street introduced the Italianate style to downtown Salem; the neighboring Plummer Hall (NR-Salem Common Historic District; 1976) , built for the Salem Atheneum in 1857, and the Downing Block of 1858 (HP-78 ; Area C) ,_ at 173 Essex Street, explored the implications of the new style for institutional and commercial architecture. The Bowker Block (HP-2) , built at 144-156 Essex Street in 1830, extended a sense of urbanity farther east than the previous limits of downtown. Similarly, merchant Nathaniel West' s elegant residential block at 5-9 Summer Street (HP- 8 ) carried this character to the west. These buildings still define the limits of downtown Salem. Several other important buildings date from the last decade of the period. A new police station (HP-65; Area C) built on Front Street around 1860 was soon followed by a fire station (HP-52; Area C) and water department headquarters (HP-51; Area C) on Church Street. Established on Federal Street, Essex County gradually erected a complex of buildings . Construction of the Superior Courthouse (HP-13 ; Area A) in 1860 stim- ulated fashionable residential construction, and this section of Federal Street is characterized by the concentration of Mansard style mansi.on,; huilt at that time. 11epulation figures for this period of economic and political maturity register impressive gains . Beginning at 13 , 886 in 1830 , Salem' s population rose to 15,082 by 1840, to 20, 934 by 1855, and by the period ' s end in 1870 , it stood at 24, 117. (Continued) iP3 Fw I(MO @ Ea0•10-T-84 iW Jnited States Department t of the Interior... . P :` "W'. Natiorial Par'ir Service Cres: ortFq National Register of Historic PlacesN�p� � r dBt�Q�l�6._—XS•re� Hy%6�`y ss:"td Inventory—Nomination Form ;> Historic Resources of Downtown page 7 Continuation sheet Salem, - Massachusetts Item number 7 Late Industrial Period 1870-1915 Downtown Salem assumed much of its present appearance during this period ial and civic center was consolidated. when its role as a regional commerc Charles Osgood, in his 1879 Historical Sketch of Salem described the city thus (p. 270) : Salem is no decrepit tumble down city. Modern structures are the rule, not the exception. Her public buildings are substantial and ornamental; her business blocks well built and of pleasing architectural design; and fine. houses adorn many streets in the residential portion .of the city. The majority of buildings included in this nomination date from this period. A trio of buildings from the mid 1870s represents the transitional period between residential-scale commercial construction and the monu- ntury. The Arrington Block (HP-63 ; mental blocks of the late 19th ce Area C) , built as a hotel when Was Street was extended out to South Salem in 1873, is the only- surviving example of the dominant wood-frame commercial architecture of its time. The short-lived firm of Bruce and Copeland designed both the Arrington Block and the Hale ' Building (HP-88; Area C) at 22TheEssex latesarrival ofctheintroduced technology, cast iron front to the city. ! twenty years after its popularization, suggests its limited local appeal , and the building remained unique in Salem. The use of marble on the facade of the Goldthwaite Building at 242 Essex Street (HP-46 ; Area C) aptly expresses the ambitious character of the building. Architect William D. Dennis relied on luxurious materials rather than size to establish its identity; its scale is now diminutive in comparison with its neighbors. All three of these buildings are overtly commercial in character, but their diversity illustrates the variety of architectural expression of the period. The increasing role of architects is seen by the association of each of these buildings with a designer. The final decades of the 19th century brought the emergence of Salem as a regional retailing center . Eight of the monumental commercial blocks lining Washington Street today were built between 1882 and 1892 (HP-39, 40, 47, 50 , 54 , 55 , 57 and 58 ; Area C) . This concentration of substantial buildings defines the character of this corridor, with pleasing contrast provided by a handful of buildings from other periods. Other notable buildings from this period of commercial prosperity appear elsewhere downtown, including the Newmark Building at 203-209 Essex Street (HP-84; Area C) , built in 1895 for the Naumkeag Clothing Company, and the Gardner Building at 206-212 Essex Street: (HP-3 ; Area C) , the last of the series of lavish bank buildings characteristic of 19th (Continued) MVS form 10-No8 m48 Ma 1024-me UP.10-31-N United States Department of the Interior - ry« _ National Park Service o�Hes oe,os,yr . 41, r< National Re s ester g' of Historic Places ab !s) Inventory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 8 . century Salem. All but two of these are long demolished, and only the Gardner Building continues in its original use, as the headquarters of the Salem 5C Savings Bank. Another significant aspect of late 19th century Salem was the prominence of charitable socio-educational institutions . The Salem YMCA erected a handsome Classical Revival building at 284-296 Essex Street in 1898 (HP-5) , combining modern athletic facilities with comfortable living accomodations for single men. The Salem Fraternity, founded in 1869 and owner of Bulfinch ' s Essex County Bank Building (HP-76; Area C) since 1899 , is the oldest boys ' club in America. The Great Salem Fire of 1914 destroyed extensive tracts of residential and industrial development west and south of downtown. The vast acreage cleared by the disaster served as a release valve for new development, protecting downtown Salem from real estate pressures from World War I until urban renewal of the 1960s. While renewal has had a substantial impact on Salem, its 19th century characterstill dominates the central business district. As was the case during all of the preceding periods, Salem' s population continued to register steady growth. Beginning at slightly under 25,000 , , it rose to 27,598 by 1880 , to 30, 801 by 1890 , to 35,956 by 1900, and to 43, 697 by 1910 . It was not until the period was over that the popu- lation experienced its first decline: in 1920 it fell slightly to 42,529. Modern Salem Downtown Salem is characterized by diversity of scale and architectural . style, as well as by consistency of materials and high quality of design. Washington Street is a corridor of monumental commercial blocks, while Essex Street has a smaller scale and greater variety of building types and uses . Detached and semi-detached residential construction tightly lines Federal and Lynde Streets, extending the density of the commercial streets throughout the downtown. Well over half of the structures in the survey area are in commercial use; about one quarter are resi- dential , providing a transition to adjacent neighborhoods; institutional buildings, in governmental , religious and social use, make up the balance . The great majority of extant features in the survey area date from the 19th century, but rep-esentatives of all periods of Salem' s develop- ment remain. The major impact on the physical fabric of modern downtown Salem has come through an urban renewal program begun in the 1960s. Using Wash- ington Street to divide the downtown into Heritage Plazas East and West, the program initi&�lly focused on the eastern half where wholesale (Continued) Mos.am 10.W6� OMB 1+0.1024-0016 68a UD.10-31-64 ldnited. States Department of the Interior National Park Service For yPs aa.,onlyrx National Register of Historic Placesn.► 6Ay Inventory—Nomination Formaffieenteted Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page 9 demolition occurred. Fortunately, the focus of the program was shifted to rehabilitation before the downtown ' s historic character was obliterated. Major new developments include the Essex Street Mall (a pedestrian zone consisting of the new East India Square multi-use facility to the north and rehabilitated 19th century structures to the south) between Essex and Church Streets; a townhouse complex between Federal, Bridge and Ash Streets; and the -Heritage Plaza condominiums between Barton Square and Norman Street. Although several cleared parcels north of Essex Street remain vacant, much of the new development has been success- fully integrated with the rehabilitated older buildings to create a consistent, lively commercial center with high lot coverage. Heritage Plaza West remains largely untouched. Survey Methodology Boundaries of the Multiple Resource area were determined, by land use patterns traditionally associated with downtown development. The defined area is primarily commercial in character, augmented by residential uses strongly associated with the central business district. It incor- porates the two urban renewal areas, Heritage Plazas East and West, and also overlaps the local Commercial Area Revitalization District (CARD) , a state-sponsored commercial development program which provides financial incentives to investors. A preliminary inventory of the downtown was sponsored in 1978 by Historic Salem, Inc. (HSI) , a private preservation organization, using a CETA- funded survey team with limited professional qualifications . An exper- ienced preservation consultant was hired by the Salem Redevelopment Authority (SRA) in the fall of 1979 to organize and complete the HSI survey in preparation for this nomination. The consultant, Allison M. Crump, is an architectural historian and a graduate of Columbia University ' s Historic Preservation Program. The inventory concentrated on the identification of above-ground cultural resources because of the unavailability of staff to undertake an archaeological analysis. Al'! physical information recorded by the HSI surveyors was field checked for accuracy. New photographs of all properties were taken to insure timeliness and clarity of image; negatives were filed with the SRA. The limited research prepared by the HSI team was poorly referenced, so all property documentation was provided by the consultant. A series of maps and insurance atlases published between 1851 and 1945 formed the basis for most construction dates , with building department records used for recent buildings. City directories, newspapers , and the photo- graphic collection of the Essex Institute were other valuable sources . Deed research was conducted for a limited number of properties of obvious merit. Finally, contemporary secondary source material was occasionally very helpful. (Continued) N►3 Fp1m 16D06� 0418 Nn tC24-0pIB fyty. Exp.O.M-54 Ignited 'S.tates Department of the Interior Natrdnai Park Service t« r+es,u,�on►r k• ' National Register of Historic Places � � Inventory-Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number.. 7 _. Page 10 The inventory identified the following categories of significance: representatives of a period or type of development;' representatives of a building type or style; structures of architectural importance; structures associated with individuals or events of historical importance; and examples of achievements in the development of building technology. Levels of significance ranging from local to national were represented. Within the survey area, fifty-six primary structures were found to be already listed on the National Register: three as individual sites and the rest in five districts. An additional sixty-six sites have been identified as eligible for the National Register through the inventory process, comprising nine individual properties and three districts. Districts have been identified by their cohesive and consistent quality, although in some instances typified by their diversity. Individual sites have been nominated where distinctive characteristics, physical isolation or an unrelated context precluded incorporation in a district. Geographic concentration alone has not been considered to be sufficient justification for district nomination. Archaeological Potential The Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area possesses a strong, although presently undefined, potential for the presence of a diverse archaeo- logical component relating to both prehistoric and historic settlement of the area. In the past, construction activities are known to have produced isolated aboriginal cultural materials at four separate locations on the peninsula; other finds may have escaped recording. One instance occurred within the Multiple Resource Area itself (MHC 19-ES-511) ; excavations for Lyceum Hall in 1828 (Area C, HP-53) produced an atl-atl weight fragment of greenish slate. Massachusetts Historical Commission site files record approximately' 30 prehistoric sites within a two-mile radius of the Multiple Resource Area in both Salem and in neighboring towns. For the majority of recorded sites, cultural and temporal affiliation is unknown, although materials from the Late Archaic through Late Woodland periods are represented; site types include lithic scatters, shell middens, burials, and single artifact finds. The presence of small isolated prehistoric sites within urban areas is not unknown; the possibility of such existing in downtown Salem is slim, but not unfeasible. Downtown Salem should be considered as an area potentially rich in archaeological components relating to the histoz`ic period. Careful implementation of an appropriate research design employing archaeological (Continued) OMB NU M24-0018 MVS farrA 16YOP� Es V.10-T-84 United'States Department of the Interior National Park Service CxPS,ass ordg" ay National Register of Historic Places m Inventory—Nomination Formt �� x qxs Historic Resources of Downtown 11 Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 7 Page techniques may provide important supplemental and comparative infor- mation for our understanding of the configuration and transformation of urban centers in the 18th through 20th centuries. In Massachusetts, recent archaeological investigations in Boston and Charlestown have demonstrated that densely developed urban centers do possess undisturbed features and cultural material deposits which reflect past activities and behavior. As a primary Massachusetts maritime trade and commercial center outranked only by Boston during the Colonial and Federal periods and a major regional retailing center throughout the 19th century, Salem possesses a complex history. One research question which may profitably be addressed through archaeology is the nature of the role Salem played as an early regional settlement core and entrepot which served as a collection and redistribution point for regional and international exchange networks. In addition, comparison with data from other cities , particularly Boston, should help to identify differences and similarities and provide a clearer definition of how these urban centers functioned. The impact of technological innovations which aided Salem' s development and the quality of life there, such as its early 19th century water supply system, may be investigated. The Crombie Street Historic District exists as an important resource for understanding domestic activities and land use during the early 19th century; the Federal Street Historic District offers similar opportunities for the subsequent period. Additionally, Downtown Salem' s commercial area may contain archaeological information on past land use and commercial activities not present in the documentary record. In sum, the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area should be considered as an archaeologically sensitive area with high potential to yield information on history and possibly prehistory. f o $. , ,Significance Historic Resources of Downtown Salem, Massachusetts Period Areas of Significance—Check and justify below prehistoric —archeology-prehistoric X community planning landscape architecture— religion _ 1400-1499 $archeology-historic —conservation X law _science 1500-1599 —agriculture —economics literature _sculpture 1600-1699 _X_architecture education —military X_ social/ R 1700-1799 —art —engineering —music humanitarian 1800-1899 --X-commerce —exploration/settlement—philosophy —theater X 1900- —communications __7_Industry X politics/governmentX—transportation _invention —other(specify) Specific date$ee inventory formsBuilder/Architect See inventory forms Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) Founded in the early 17th century, Salem has been significant throughout its history as the regional core for Southern Essex County. Politically, it was the region' s first settled town (1626) , its first established city (1838) , and the seat of county government (1648) . On an economic level, the city enjoyed unbroken prosperity until the Modern period, fueled first by an 'international maritime trade and later by industry and retailing. Salem' s regional role was established and enhanced by its location -at the web of a complex transportation system consisting of maritime, overland and finally rail routes. As the historic center of Salem, the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area directly reflects the most important aspects of the city' s long and varied history. It includes a combination of nine individually nominated buildings and three historic districts. Four. existing National Register districts are also located within the area, two of which are embraced within the expanded boundaries of newly nominated districts. The buildings and other features included in this nomination date from the 17th through the 20th centuries, giving physical form to all phases of the city ' s development. As a whole, the Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association, and it meets criteria A, B and C of the National Register of Historic Places. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Plantation Period 1620-1675 Salem was the first, and initially the most important settlement in the Massachusetts Bay. Thus, its earliest history closely parallels that of the region and the state. The major regional event of the period was the establishment of permanent English settlement along the coastal margin and its expansion inland along the major tidal rivers. Specific events include Fernando Gorges '• Council for New England patent (1621) , the first serious English land claim to the area; the Massachu- setts Bay Company charter (1629) which preci- pitated large scale puritan immigration; and the "Great Migration" of English emigres during the 1630s which insured that the colony would have sufficient po*?ulation mass to survive. [Historic and Archaeological Resources of the Boston Area : p . 391 (Continued) NPS Fpm 10-9004 OMB Na tO24-0pt8 04Z ' - Exp.10-M-m United, States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Forint Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet. Salem, Massachusetts Item number 8 page_ l Salem played a direct role in all of these events, serving as an early . regional core. Salem was settled in 1626 by a small group of Englishmen who had recently abandoned a planting, fishing, and trading post on Cape Ann to the north. Led by Roger Conant, the group included John Lyford, John Woodbury, John Balch, Peter Palfray, Richard Norman and son, William Allen and Walter Knight. Initially, Salem was referred to as Naumkeag, recognizing the importance of its location at the mouth of the Naumkeag (now Danvers) River. The settlement at Salem gained formal recognition from English authorities in March 1628, when the Council for New England (pat. 1621) conveyed the lands of Massachusetts Bay to Sir Henry Roswell, John Endicott, and others. Bounds for the colony were defined as "between three miles to the northward of Merrimack River and three miles to the southward of Charles River, and in length within the described breadth from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea. " Endicott was appointed Governor (provincial administrator) of the plantation and dispatched forthwith; Matthew Cradock was named Governor of the Massachusetts company in London. Uniting with those already there, Endicott settled in the oldest town in the colony, soon "to be called Salem; and extended some supervision over the waters of Boston Harbor, then called Massachusetts Bay (Osgood: Historical Sketch of Salem, p. 3) . Within a year, however, the difficulties of governing the colony from afar were becoming apparent and on August 29, 1629 , it was voted to transfer authority to New England. Cradock resigned as Governor and John Winthrop was chosen in his place. Winthrop arrived in Salem on June 12 , 1630, but within a week had begun to search for a more attractive capitol ; he soon selected Charlestown as the seat of government. In early August the transfer was completed, the first Court of Assistants was held in Charlestown, and Salem ceased to be the capitol town. Salem, like Plymouth, was never formally incorporated as a town, since both predated the formation of regional governments . However, Salem was recognized from the first by the court held at Charlestown, August 23, 1630, as a distinct plantation or town. Its boundaries have been defined over the years as daughter towns have broken away and achieved incorporation as distinct political units (See Section 7) . Although Salem ceased to be the capitol of Massachusetts Bay in 1630 , it did continue in a regional political role . In 1635 , it was named as the site of one of four regional courts; and in 1643 , when Massachu- setts Bay was divided into four counties or shires, it was named as the shire town of Essex County. Additionally, it was established as an official port for the collection of customs in 1658 . (Continued) ""i,. ome NU 10r24-ome p� Exp 'a-31-84 United.States Department of the Interior - -- National Park ServiceFontlPSa�only National Register of Historic Places u a Inventory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet . Salem, Massachusetts - Item number 8 Page 2 Colonial Period 1675-1780 Salem flourished during this period both as a major port and as a regional seat of government. By 1675, Salem' s mercantile trading activities had expanded to an international level with regular ports of call in the West Indies and Europe. At the beginning of the period, the majority of Salem' s vessels were small, 20-40 ton ketches carrying crews of 4-6 men; these were gradually replaced by larger schooners which allowed Salem captains to venture further and further from home. Census figures for the period reveal that the majority of Salem' s men were merchants, traders, or mechanics , as opposed to the majority of husbandmen found in interior regi-ons. Salem' s pre-eminent position as a port was formally recognized in 1683 when Marblehead, Beverly, Gloucester, Ipswich, Rowley, Newbury and Salisbury were annexed to the port of Salem by the Court of Assistants and it was decreed that Salem and Boston shall be lawful ports of the colony, where all ships and other vessels shall laid or unlaid any of the plantation' s enumerated goods, or other goods from foreign ports, and nowhere else, on penalty of the confiscation of such ship or vessel , with her goods and tackle, as shall laid or unlaid elsewhere. (Arrington: Municipal History of Essex County, p. 331) Salem' s role in the Revolution principally derived from its importance as a seaport. Salem supplied much of the colonists ' sea force, "refitting merchant ships as privateers. In addition, it was the site of the First Provincial Congress, where opposition to the English government was first publicly expressed in 1775 , as well as the first bloodshed of the war, at a showdown between British troops and colonists known as "Leslie ' s Retreat. " Federal Period 1780-1830 Salem experienced tremendous growth and prosperity during this period, particularly in the years between the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. With larger and faster ships, Salem was able to expand its trade to China, India, Russia, Japan, and South America, handling such goods as Indian silks, Chinese tea, Sumatran pepper, Arabian coffee and -African hides. The men most responsible for Salem' s penetration of Far Eastern markets were Elias Hasket Derby, William Gray and Joseph Peabody. The extent of Salem' s foreign trade is illustra£ed by the tonnage of vessels registered there : 1781 : 8 ,652 tons; 1791 9 , 031 tons ; 1800 : 24, 862 tons; 1807 : 24 ,570 tons (152 vessels) . Also, between 1801 (Continued) F .1 fOWP1 - ous NM 1024-0018 NIS .NP5 UD.10-31-84 Uhited-States Department of the Interior W, National Park Service F*PPs'""'OR 'r National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form tterea � cs q» Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 8 Page 3 and 1810 , duties collected in the port of Salem totaled $7, 272 ,633; between 1789 and 1887 , over $25 million was collected. Jefferson ' s Embargo interrupted the steady growth of Salem' s trade , and worried merchants organized in opposition to a declaration of war. Their concern proved to be justified, since disruption of trade during the War of 1812 hastened the decline of Salem' s maritime industries . By 1815, the number of vessels in'Salem was reduced to 57, beginning the city' s long decline as a port. General economic prosperity during most of the period was reflected in the improvement of roads and public facilities. Most notable was construction of the Boston-Salem Turnpike which greatly facilitated - transportation of goods between the two ports. The Salem Turnpike and Chelsea Bridge Corp. was incorporated on March 6 , 1802 with William Gray, Dr. Edward Holyoke and Nathan Dane as principals. Completed on November 27, 1803, it was a straight 12 mile, 256 rod long road from downtown Salem to Charlestown Square. Its total cost was $189 ,000 and it was the first turnpike in the county. The other major public improvement of the period was a water supply system. On March 9, 1797 , the Proprietors of the Salem and Danvers Aqueduct were chartered. They constructed a reservoir and piping system which initially provided water to customers at the rate of $5 per year. This is the first period in Salem' s history for which accurate and consistent population figures are available. As is to be expected, the growth of the city' s population closely paralleled that of its economy; major increases were experienced between the two wars, with only minor growth after that. Salem' s population, recorded at 5 ,337 in 1776, had jumped to 9 , 457 by 1800 , and by 1810 had reached 12, 617 . By 1820 it had risen only slightly to 12, 731 , and by 1830 it stood at 13 ,886. Early Industrial Period 1830-1870 This was a period of great political, social , economic and physical change. Salem made the leap from town to city, private associations proliferated, and industry supplanted mercantile activities. Physical development of the downtown became increasingly dense and characterized by masonry construction. Salem' s citizens considered changing from a town to city form of government as early as 1805. Formal action was not taken until early in 1836 when a committee was appointed to study the matter. On the favorable recommendation of this committee, a city charter was drafted and an Act to establish the city of Salem" was approved on March 23 , 1836 by Edward Everett , Governor of the Commonwealth. This made Salem the second city incorporated in the Commonwealth, following Boston, which (Continued) NPS F'?.,aoou. oma Na 1024-oma 64A UP.to-T-94 'United States Department of-the Interior National hark Service r-o�,.NPS National Register of Historic Places � � k=F ;s dat �„te�ea , : . Inventory—Nomination Form �, . � ,rF Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Iterg,number 8 :. Page 4 had been incorporated on February 22 , 1822 . A fashionable new City Hall , in the Regency Greek Revival style, was constructed on Washington Street in 1837 (HP-56; Area C) . During this period private associations proliferated, supplementing the limited number formed in the Federal period. The East India Marine Society, composed of sailors who had rounded Cape Horn, was one such organization. The society built its Hall on Essex Street in 1824 , to serve as a meetingplace and museum; the Lyceum, a social and debating club, was established in 1830 . Although its building on Church Street (HP-53; Area C) was totally rebuilt after a fire in 1895 , the location and mass recall-the original structure— Many prominent figures appeared on the Lyceum's program, including Daniel Webster, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Quincy Adams, and Horace Mann. Two of the most important organizations, which had history and science as their aims, still flourish today. The Essex Institute was formed in 1848 , merging the Essex Historical Society of 1821 and the Essex County Natural History Society of 1836 . The Essex Institute constructed a complex of buildings east of the survey area on Essex Street (NR- Essex Institute Historic District; 1972) . The Peabody Museum was formed in 1868 with a bequest from George Peabody to "Promote Science and . Useful knowledge in the County of Essex. They first occupied the East India Marine Hall of 1824, adding to it over the years to create the current complex on Essex Street (NHL-Peabody Museum of Salem; 1966) . Salem was also the home of many distinguished personalities of the time. Dr. Nathaniel Peabody' s house at 53 Charter Street (NR-2, Charter Street Historic District; 1975) , which was the setting for Nathaniel Hawthorne 's novel, Dr. Grimshawe ' s Secret, was a center of intellectual activity. Mann and Hawthorne spent much time there while courting Mary and Sophia Peabody; their sister Elizabeth Palmer Peabody was a well-known Transcendentalist who was active in educational reform. Rufus Choate, the prominent attorney and politician, lived at 14 Lynde Street (NR-3 , Rufus Choate House; 1982) . Benjamin Pierce, founder of the U. S. Coastal Survey, and the Transcendentalist poet, Jones Very, were also Salem residents . By 1830 Salem had entered a period of decline as a shipping center. Never fully recovered from the War of 1812 , Salem was dealt a final blow at mid century by the development of clipper ships whose hulls were too deep for the South River basin. However, rather than exper- iencing overall stagnation, Salem' s economy found other footings. Key factors were the introduction of multiple rail lines and the growth of several regionally important industries. On,April 14 , 1836 , a charter was obtained for the Eastern Railroad. Opened on August 27 , 1838 , this line took the Shore Route from Salem to Boson. The daily average (Continued) M>S Pam 1aY0a. - OMB Na 1024-OM p� Exp.o-M-ea United States Department of the interior., National Park Service u{NMe , w.o�r,� National Register of Historic Places w ., xbst Inventory—Nomination Form Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet .S.alem, Massachusetts itemnumber 8 Page 5 for the first three months was 348 passengers for the 40 minute ride. In 1846 , a northern rail connection was established with incorporation of the Essex Railroad. Completed on September 5 , 1848, it ran from the north depot of the Eastern Railroad inland to Lawrence. In 1848 the Salem and Lowell Railroad was incorporated; going into operation on August 1, 1850 . Thus, by the mid 19th century, Salem was well connected to the major cities of eastern Massachusetts, allowing continuation of its role as a regional transportation core. The arrival of the railroad in 1838 and Salem' s emergence as a major rail interchange. fostered development of industry as the new cornerstone of Salem' s economy. Importantly, the railroads brought new ties to the interior and Salem' s formerly independent maritime trade began to supply coal to the great textile mills of Lowell and Lawrence. Additionally, the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company built its first mill on the South River in 1848 , which was said to be the largest and best appointed in the country. Foreign trade still supported a substantial share of the economy and Massachusetts sheeting was a valuable commodity in the African markets . Salem's leather industry also developed an interdependence with traditional trade routes as Africa was an important secondary source of raw material. Late Industrial Period 1870-1915 Salem was well established as a regional core for southern Essex County by the late 19th century, having served in this role since its founding in the 17th century. Several factors supported this position. ' Salem had served as the 'seat of county government since 1648 . Salem had been the first city established in the region. Salem was at the center of a complex transportation network consisting of maritime, overland and rail routes . Finally, Salem had enjoyed continuous economic prosperity, fueled first by international maritime trade and at this time, by steady industrial growth. Salem' s industries, most of which had been established earlier in its history, peaked in the second half of the 19th century, thus allowing the city ' s growth to continue unabated . United States census figures for 1880 put the total worth of Salem' s manufactured products at $8, 441 ,000 . . While this is certainly not the highest figure in the. state, it is a respectable one and rested on a diversified base. Salem' s largest industry, accounting for almost one-half its total worth, involved the production of leather goods: tanning and shoe- making. Introduced in the 17th century as a cottage industry, leather production was valued at $4 , 209, 000 by 1880 , a kigure which was one of the highest in the state. Another important industry was cotton, (Continued) MVS Form momo OUS No.1024-0016 OdA E+F*-31-84 United States De6artment of the Interior _ - National park ServiceNas National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination. Form Historic Resources of Downtown __,Continuationsheet_,Salem, Massachusetts Item number- 8 page 6 whose manufacture was centered at the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company on the South River. Incorporated in 1829 with a capital outlay of $800,000 , the company was valued at $1,500,000 by 1886. The manufacture of jute bagging also played an important role in late 19th century Salem' s economy. Raw jute was shipped to Salem from Bengal , transformed into tough bags, then shipped to the southern United States to bale cotton. A final important industry was the manufacture of white lead, which commenced in 1826 and continued throughout the 19th century. ' accompanied Salem' s development as a rail and industrial center was acco ed p i by commercial/retail growth which left a strong physical imprint on the downtown. As Salem' s economy prospered, merchants constructed ' fashionable new masonry blocks along the Washington Street corridor, and to a lesser extent, along the Essex Street axis. The buildings constructed during this perid still define much of the character of present-day Salem. Preservation in Salem Salem is notable for its continuing pride in its cultural heritage, and the expression of that pride has gained sophistication paralleling the evolution of preservation philosophy in the United States . A scholarly interest in Salem' s past has been evident since the founding of the Essex Institute in 1848 . The Institute's extensive library is an unusually rich resource for those tracing the development of the city and individual sites . The frame of Salem' s first Quaker meeting- house, erected 1688 , was acquired by the Institute and moved to its grounds in 1860 , an extraordinarily early example of conscious historic preservation. . In addition to buying several neighboring mansions of architectural and historical significance, the Institute moved into a second structure in 1910 , the 17th century John Ward House. All of its properties are operated as historic house museums (east of survey area) . A similar preservation program was sponsored by Miss Caroline Emmerton, a private philanthropist who purchased the House of Seven Gables and began its restoration in 1908 . Miss Emerton acquired and moved two additional significant buildings to the site on Turner Street in 1911 and 1916 . These buildings still operate as a museum, like the Essex Institute _ (southeast of survey area) . In 1962 , an urban renewal program was formulated in Salem. The plan for Heritage Plaza East, adopted in 1965 , relied on clearance and new construction to promote economic revitalization, The Salem experience was similar to many other communities : clearance was easily accomplished, (Continued) RPS Fm 1PFOS. 0 1024 _._. OMB NM107 -001D '+� - E+V•0-31-M United- tates Department of the Interior Natibrial Park Service Nw. > , National Register of Historic Places ag+ Inventory—Nomination Formts,> r� , nq Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Mas'sachu'setts — Item number 8 Page 7. • --_ but redevelopment proved elusive . By 1972 , acres of older buildings had been demolished, but only one new building had appeared. Meanwhile, preservationists had begun to mobilize support locally and nationally. Passage of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 created a framework for review of the environmental consequences of Federal programs like urban renewal. In the first instance of their cooperation, the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the U. S . Department of Housing and Urban Development cosponsored a task force to examine the effects of urban renewal in Salem. While the meeting had little immediate impact, it was of lasting significance in establishing a Working relationship between these two agencies. The Salem Historic District Study Committee produced a Report in 1968 identifying significant sites and areas throughout the city; local historic districts were established and properties nominated to the National Register. The attention of New York Times architectural critic Ada Louise Huxtable helped to focus concern for the future of downtown Salem. All these events, combined with a new municipal administration elected in 1971, led to the approval in 1972 of a new urban renewal plan with a very different emphasis . The existing street pattern and building stock were to be preserved and rehabilitated; demolition would not be permitted unless conclusively proven necessary, and never approved before new construction was ready to proceed. Changes in HUD regulations permitted investment in existing buildings, and a pioneering program offering facade improvement grants in exchange for preservation restrictions was established. Publicly funded improvements encouraged extensive private rehabilitation as well. The plan for a second phase of urban renewal, in an area known as Heritage Plaza-West, was adopted in 1979 . The preservation focus of the revised urban renewal plan has been extended into the new area, although the emphasis will be on stimulating private investment, in place of the massive infusion of Federal money characteristic of previous urban renewal programs. 95 Major Bibliographical References ` 'Ar'rington, Benjamin F. (ed. ) : Municipal History of Essex County�in 'Massachusetts. 1922. Essex Institute Historical Collections (Continued) 10. Geographical Data --Acreage of nominated property about 63 a a Quadrangle name Salem, Massachusetts-Essex County Quadrangle scale 1 : 25, 000 LIT M References AI1rCI -4 0 L17LOQ 15141d 13458 I417I019IQ610I LZoonieJ Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing C91 13 146 10 1 Op 147 1019101210I D DL 114 3 0 0 1417P 19141710 � ElII I I I I I I1 I I_ 1 ISI F W I_ I I I I I I I I I I I G1 W I I I II, I I I I I ISI I H W I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I Verbal boundary description and justification The Multiple Resource Area begins at the intersection of Derby and Liberty Streets, 'runs northwesterly along Liberty and New Liberty Sts. , westerly along Brown to St. Peter St. , northwesterly (Continued) List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries state code county code N/A state code.- county code 11 . Form Prepared By Candace Jenkins, Director of Preservation Planning, with .•_ name/title Allison M. Crump Preservation Planner, Salem Redevelopment Authority organization Massachusetts Historical Commission date March, 1983 street& number 294 Washington Street telephone (617) 727-8470 city or town Boston state Massachusetts 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: _national - _ tate local - As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for.the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966(Public Law 89- 665), 1 hereby nominate this property for inclusion in theNationalRegister and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the tional Park Service. State Historic Preservation Officer signature ,is, G4 State Historic Preservation tOfficer /�/� title Massachusetts Historical Commission date For NPS use only hereby certify that this property is Included in the National Register date Keeper of the National Register Attest date Chief of Registration NPS Fa 10 wlPs OMB 40.-1024-=S 04Z E+D•10-]1-84 - United States DeOartment of the Interior h National Park Service National Register of Historic Places > � r ` Inventor —Nomination Form ��x y �tBtDTltB8i7�°'y�°P Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number 9 and 10 Page 1 Item #9 Continued Gillespie, C. B. : Illustrated History of Salem and Environs, 1897. Heliotrope Publishing Co. : View of the City of Salem, 1877. Hopkins, G. M. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874. Ives, Henry P. : Visitor ' s Guide to Salem, 1880 . Lawton, R. J. Industrial and Mercantile Salem and Marblehead, 1909 . McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851 . Osgood, Charles S . and Batchelder, H. M. Historical Sketch of Salem, 1879 . Phillips, James Duncan: Salem in the Eighteenth Century, 1937. Reardon, Elizabeth K. : Salem Historic District Study Committee Report, 1968 . Richards, L. J. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1897. Salem Evening News (1880-date) . Salem Gazette (1768-1908) . Salem Register (1800-1918) . Sanborn Map Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1883 . Atlas of the City of Salem, 1890 . l Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906 . Tolles, Bryant F. , Jr. , and Caroline: Guide to Salem Architecture, in manuscript. Walker Lithograph & Publishing Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1911. Webber, C. H. and Nevins, W. S . Old Naumkeag, 1877. Item #10 Continued along St. Peter to Bridge Street, southwesterly along Bridge to North $treet, southerly along North and Summer Streets to Norman Street, easterly along Norman to Washington Street, easterly along New Derby Street and northeasterly along Derby. Street to Liberty Street. 1/03 term 10 oms"M 1024-001a 64M . Exp.10-31-84 '.United States Deltartment of the Interior National'Park Service National Register of Historic Places � � Inventory—Nomination Form �et�antsrean° - ; Historic Resources of Downtown Continuation sheet Salem, Massachusetts Item number- page' KEY TO MAP OF MULTIPLE RESOURCE AREA Nominated Properties and Districts HP-1 Salem Laundry (1906) 51-55 Lafayette St. HP-2 Bowker Block (ca.1830) 144-156 Essex St. HP-3 Bessie Munroe House (1811) 7 Ash St . HP-4 First Universalist Church (1808) 6 Rust St. HP-5 Salem Y.M.C.A. (1898) 284 Essex St. HP-6 Shepard Block 11851) 298-304 Essex St. HP-7 John Peabody House (1867) 15 Summer St. HP-8 5 9 Summer St. - 5-9 Summer St. HP-9 Wesley Methodist Church (1889) 8 North St. HP-A Federal Street District (7 properties; includes Essex County Court Complex) HP-B Crombie Street District (7 properties) HP-C Downtown Salem District (55 properties; includes Old Town Hall District) Existing Properties and Districts NR-1 Peabody Museum - NHL - 1966 NR-2 Charter Street District - NR - 1975 NR-3 Rufus Choate House - NR - 1975 NR-4 Joshua Ward House - NR - 1978 NR-5 Old Town Hall District - NR - 1972 NR-6 Salem City Hall - NR - 1973 NR-7 Essex County Court Complex - NR - 1976 Owner Responses to Notification of Pending National Register Consideration Only three written responses to our notification letter of March 28, 1983 were received. All were from Area C. 143 Washington Street - Consent 71 Washington Street - Unnotarized objection 155 Washington Street - Notarized objection . •� Lt t \ ® 6� 1 ,"I a s ., T°, '�^ I . - I f}•. ifl .11.11 L 1 v �•,��- yl Ic I iLi' L \ r•• �i.n'Ti .n C3 r— fT _ 'h � _ h.�L LR•1 118 .°< ` I , `> d z.YL_ 5°"1•' L� I� \q a • . 1A1 ® I � as G l� t�S - IfPI M V -• It aR� � E � -.y� ll� — j �{ t ";� .,--,�sIIIE ' _ •: �� 1 t11 5 1 -_� �� — �i nr�r[?[��11�� I /--� I � o t o.. ry t�j'• L _ ^tel' �� I •. I EF 5 Iv x: l! � I` e l f- w.. 2•Iiti -Y it 1�1�t 3. t v, 0 i. � �1�,L1 s i '�i ! 1 f .. � H b�� t� 3 .' i t • 4 t� � { ' t� .•xrr r4 Fz= � p I L \ t y �`I� e . I', �. 4 I Z W�A � '� I I I_ J 4 Downtown Salem Multiple t . 7 G I LGL IL` IIS t, I I .I Resource Area L� Atlas of the City of Salem. by G. M. Hop6ulti ,ind,'Cl'. 1 n ♦ �.. `� �'�' �� 1874 —_ . Ode Q to n 0 ,' �asExc 034JA ETERY 1�£ • n 01j nn, O LA..,, 1Ylmile lIN Y t• '., c,ro=lec -' � Y Nun r[i✓' .: m.6„4T v, x/r/,rr lw..r '` ,. � e. �• f” I ,1 Pry eeolt X100 4. N � vY ..ago „ "' r Ai K /;' Q `..•6 a� .. em♦ lm ^"°"a ,a.° o� FE 13 RAL xi rNa. ♦ Nh, kA �- J A N Nl (YiII N ^ 'n„ I�1(1 LO Jaam•u•:D.o' /�Lj ST. - �F� . ' c„6.o- ,, , ♦, O ,x N•N. 1-• l..1 1 ! - ,�P✓CPT + F e " Q,vi Z• + NA IdYN/L '11' A • f,JX WWl I V . ,106 n in r Q „ - /G 5.1.m bM J ` " I Q"Lc f ynv, Nra NNINnNk+l .. " T.w lo/ nnyl d••,•,�'I Ch X e.� V A,.H L♦,i CITU♦t _ ✓ /.:L uc / A4„ :War Y - • [. ��,� ^� J -. .. A / r "�.' nr n,e„♦n ter F F - • e x '� • a �onfs x __ .: a � . a 3 .moi'-.+�•��.f' ��31 e E _S. /��`�� a,meY !M%N! � �• � Tn„I Ni,(A. f' CXQJ ' r M/ !N!I)RC Nr Y• .H.4. A.I!6rM // F N m+.'J I1 ,W 3i•'M. 1 CYjrvx C/ .// !N /Nl� N/ L Ji, - Y0 ^' fjen, ,y Nu�f,• I [wY�b-° .._ M Pon qlc• .11. M {'K hn,w w 6YrA. s.m s. OERBYE •l,NyN � � 1 R N dd Sn+.,� � Fb wv6 /N,. tw,RtrM»u e N $q. r•N 0 Ts//"' 1 I , ,�,.. � r;.;r z ad,,, ,ac "L.,♦�.e:"sw J:�L X♦�i,M � N V -IGH [_� NJ.. ..FRONT • T' aY�� ♦ G J .N Y 14 ran}w..wo '�L 0 ^/ ' b• ' _ _- , o �Y °" `— _ Vim.. � ..,, � .v' ' ad i �n7 V ♦si4 � p5 fb' \ n C/l NJ4 / eJ r,,nb. N �'4i,tL.y nl I•\ .F ♦+« � •� w'b 4Qm „ °� - L,a N: Downtown Salem Multiple E rvEr .u Sr .1. / N a,...� s...am•[rc �lI d♦1,... Resource Area ° --•"� J ..d �� Z ® Atlas of Salem, by Walker a s G� O Lithograph & Publishing Co. I,�'• Yr.+, J Y °.iIr 1�P•' //,l M/IC. Y:Ljfn 1117,225 t 1911 U-- T-DODGE . qTn reap #6 �--1— � H164 ST "L " v` 1 o;� �'�� T'r•'� %�I—�-Ji._LIC:Ii..F-�fY 401 za 1 ; ... t .� t u •••rm `�- � 1 11 i uP J 2 � UI i • � � � �:'t r K� vt., LTSTO -,�rl 440 lk - •1 1 HP — IV I CIr;� �oFJ l a J = J HP - e fir DO\YNTOWIA SALEM „ V 4v�! MULTIPLE RESOURCE AREA ® t PROPOSED N . R . DISTRICT 9 ANO INomoUAL. PRcPD2TIcS f — �� N . R . P R O P E R T I E S I I i R-L76 �.. E XIS TIN O 7 . .f .:. t. —'-.— ( / O n 24 VZ •qIY \\ ' ij,.. /�/\\ 1 , x41 W ✓� ate--,—�T�. � I C Y.�C ■ tCI - � li- � n1{Q� tdC ✓ . V moi- �'�. {i ✓ � '' �, ' _\F '....`i -y-1, , Y•Y I , = t r TL- / = ..r .. c`... «. ,.. .. .. ..� 1 ' t-7 11 HP - I HP - C B i Imo-- r. _ r_:. _J. a .LL.....♦.♦ '.A_.^ t-y.-y i.F '.wrr'�. 1 , , N 11 N Fl c 1 . ✓ SOURCE AREA �l . R . D I S T R I C T S � 'I '�� ' ;��•� ■ ■ ' I��®�i/�� ..✓.! 1 !r!r 7 . P R O P E R T I E S POI Y10 /7`7,��' r • •N n Oren` n^ 9 �. ^ 0(pds •�. Br�q brorh Brnj �� 6 ti y'\ W jji0m> �' nE W� P(c J o Pp/ �In/ �'JO•r;, ,V/°f r °rhe,.F/;nr n cC nrrton l°a onn*L `on yi ti2 0 1P� a yY Orr Jr d9°S o' /• /� F b A `/ .t r[/o Jo' ohn Loh!: M rGar°ren f Eh^Cr°Twr/I 7John � tr .� � 5v It QOM, Y•y 0 f / a C S/ IF 1 tr dl:/ry M o prwr/Por r Pu in°M ax. 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U°s orne a � ..n, t� c. e F Ewan whn Tur Willie m Or Josep. °�i t J In Z P • u l,.:u , �•r. .t. °I,b and n. a �t rr srftd c.. � P of or r _ and Mor � ctt uic U [ l wS (P ,•P` a: ' • • n .. °° Ed E f:c 0 a °Brn e' rn'� ^u °� °e�'+` inpm tJ tN' e1 t �°y _l • � :ri' x t'� c� .. eiti: [ A E 9 • ° Fo �'• e: t` rd ° a •3 ' z. ` � p r.0 � @ o de ¢�o` i♦ n • • ; : 2.S 1°O .at :° c 8 d I ar° e :�f�7 q e°)<` N/ �' F�. $ri 6r l <.[` reef •v °n^° °E:��'.<i nc ♦ n r .d9 ° o' 1✓°,. 1q r$ A%.p° r .mr. • v3°r• �° • w^n c ° • e Main B • e e� rcn. ,barn � h•2 : • V S - r n a hn ••°I dal " ` , °.d-• Spq e h • fo .,.... ..�brnj°mm ES ' doA, Essev S c 1 orne �y'eos ~a r�:, ;•..('E te/ wn°/n`C'wnnLy �on'o c •" .��rt :Dw.,� ��"4 a =•'° ° c a t� • Allrn � i c �� C�m � • • Br �� _ w• •nlln „ C°I•r C°' - 4� Snmurl e e nr I.S 1 .Sr t E o '1 eilr � x �° u' � 31rw°n t n � r.,�r�•� P�/ C` s A� °• �: i E � :� ^ ; hr[Arr / �� n.F a_ d� _ r � ab/ °m� irld .i�eb 1 i. ` s n r �o a•r c n. c- � n � � " ra nn . Edi ° �b Jr Cy/ nE /Yrnror �r4• :Ld[ t € o, � .d • mEE Z6 mon L° �° �io QFo `e.u• a tOm rfis n=c mr • :I: u S r Nell r/ o ••'G, s/rrBrw.rnt r^ u O '•'� ID Milt) ■B n.-i�nnr.t � Pn ° 2 a Ar `fjdE.Y.n_ _ e /-• �J°e.pd / ... w/ry • bY%iq r� n•, t � nnrlrr I Ward � tU. ° a . < � ' .c njl h7..Y ' prc h D n ,• t • bt d >tZ1 ° �a rlrA.r � �.F ° .t. a .' ♦ c cam" , � � � kT. n = .I ♦ • ,. • '�•ro - " Sc 8 ` ° , � l • Peftr �` • $ E E . �: e 1°e �0 } 2�' r b •^/ epil � ., o'j � m„n ani. ; �u ^�.ot a" Sn is y a � .t o ♦ ° .nwlbnnN ; V rQa��ae e< • • % fir;..• odwrir.•°' mom • Yr Bu ;:°n . Os ?!ad • ;c. ZS 4j `-: a 4, rp>krd E 'E ° m� L h°• • � tF . mr L .�, :nn Cw/t °rn/c � • LR¢ Fe4 0� �c • • `..E L # A, � ° nny w � q;a ?' 3 • ' i,rrnrn �$ °�'e.: rr Elmur O c••`op a c' Z • `^, r ' E `'1 0 'p0 • ♦ h�r rrh n ', h °='fs �g ail.. cul%LAY o I• • d ��ri~- bd °y � m' � o ♦ w'U / '��,;C°r ,lon i ion r ?ry rir r 0 e �� •l� C W ; � °. � ° O G'n/hW°mrw 1 'n _i .r• ' � � e> Nm �� - O r 5Om r♦t W n pnrm � I y kd3 vS b r O o nr,r l 'I @ C 8 0<olt 'r ra , T �yf C [r`tr3 ` yt r Four ID" • • n:;;r;Jnhn rrrp.i /� P°' pr•rn u '�o � c r i � •Par.. no• �r°•a rr °rb I' - ' �e9g�e . Downtown Salem Multiple z p1 1 da• e r Resource Area Part of Salem in 1700, from o v °[ the researches of Sidney Grt•r 1933 Map Ill � Y•y �1 / 5°n+°r `^ ylillrorr' u e9.3 ...� 1�,.�^u•n•.rr'•'+iw.•...«•....�.J Wu.�iw.arl�:. I Rot ` r ..a::a9...:w.v,!�w' � ""tl't'(�..7'9+'R"7.rase p�µyT'�r��'�$''�^• -l;r v'mr•mr.'t":9�. '!_"_':711 ':1Z_Y.dl:�:'iiQ7'�""".. , .:.ti....i e EW AtEaOows cd µ• e• Forvl rVnlsa �� \ o oR m OR � " `� � ct Chebacc / swieh Hamlet 1 ; too Parish e Ind;an Brad-rorrowo TO FIE 0 tQs P 1 , H MILTON) `/ ' (ESSEXf h I Set off 16501 tT t Oldt� 154(L'S HILL, OR MIOOL roPl, Wen am�� pleas anf e'r. .r rni Mi PJ. �4; __.�I sdo.np ��va� f`• '9 l�.- -- 3 aN /"� ENON, 0 WENKAM ��w Be .r pd cco r v�\ \t p, Conal ,�• FSet off ® i Se>t of before 16A3 <4�`.,.8 Pd.IL 1650 j .` c RY a�P�.` rrj.r rrr P9 I'd.4�ry M;ddleton Fd. I c ---`- -' -'�, g Coys t JEFFREY'S CREEK Hill Pd.tt OR •� ttlo .0815) r\p K1R yew A A4A NO NES TER it off co.1644 1 o tf Beaver Ips with � eroolr x ``• •��'� � t tsLr. '`oa Salem Village Plains _ BASS RIVER, OR BEVERL a o •JS— —J Brawn' Kettle If. r' OAN VERS o Set off 1667 e 1 G I Set off. 1760 � �°f i a Char1 of o/ ^r R ^" Seyttt o Map of Esse 1 , Gev�rn r'S a ocn ch Q Flap olSolem i Poa7n- eo..Ne y+ st 6t tl� Nouse Is. Maps ofhalhern ,aa Fnd \\Crw.Nelnkle felfoni °seq I °'+� It1 " + . """ in the Will (n'ater 0 �'00(ofe Wotdbur Pt r Greal Misery+!„l � pwhalrs Back 1't N,FIELD \ Pd. sRJ ' ✓oa I +•a is. \\ PrO efor ft. • v" Little Misery 15. V !'.l'n9f \ Bh' ta5 p. 0• J./n�f (areal Kalte • e. (PEABODY) �•° < r l" IV. D Bakr ra Is. t o - ct�)7j�j\Wlderr + Bh l •. 0Co ey Is. •_` '+ I}umph rryi \o Ooldlh waif ch �o •'11CdJHo• 0 Ea Pd. .�* s e h > f Peach"^ 9 Cedar P". , m ',e e.. sea. c °td o Is. 000}♦' �•�V V°�•� Y ° p� Dorb/e ocrnrll N� Farr w F: rSALEM C e o OGrr" I . n v+ y eI" C.t off, Precision;Fair, Nales'map from actual survey. '^'� o,•`o� Bro rvns • Pas turrs �'rr • Q Aa Me unras'p Same• Some grants made by Salem in Hamilton and 4 `^ ((��fi• 8 bP g rs° o Rh. . U. °' Essex before establishmento//pswirh-Salem LYNN iJ Spriny Pd. h �� \bb 61st ('\ '� now Hamilion-Wenham) boundary line. } JAUGUS O4�� V flit tT 61arb enead r 56�• 4 6o a. a0 0 N cN ,Vie, Peabody set off from Danvers In 1855. / + rs3s ��' 1�e9 �P Lya't O . s a. Towns named after /760 shown in porenthesu. --- \ (SWAMP torr wQr;.7' h. � ��•-_ rt r JrJ O' i 70 JS' — Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area Map of Salem in 1760 It=1.86 mile 1937 Map 112 r � s - 1� ' V t ) �f /�� wo / T•1 r ( to looter , 11 .Y/na 600t, o 4l �" Downtown Salem Multiple Resource Area Map of Salem, 1832 Joseph P. Saunders E' Map #3 1 � 1 � Y L E M V" C� Z .................... NE J �77 v. was xlncr an �5 V..At Qff 11;-Ll ALA'dT, lz 4'� 14-1R! "T 1`4 ip- 4- zI --j eVDowntown Salem Multiple Resource Area Map of the City of Salem, by N d Henry McIntyre L 1`600 S A 1851 Map V'4 3;. 0 O5 .y T, nal re ,a PS(JI a 54 -y l + WhirT s<M O M �i n idat�time .. i s 3 �� I� rr 1 s g l".fin rol6Slic Downtown Salem Multiple Net HIs Resource Area B, dri a7ocentered on Washington and s Essex Streets UTM References: 7 Jta 32 ' Il ,, , I �� . / A 19%344400%4709540 ;3 LonPt / )9 Dnp 1Em a= Payg, mtl s 4N B 19/344580/4709060 p s;lin �(d ,I iso ,_ Go've ti $� C 19/344000/4709020 11"almer Ct / D 19/343900/4709470 �. Pt C 4798 7 1 ILPU'REL ST y io JI1I / 0—C 'n��r*j* Q� Via_ ■p� I � . li , .e �,m t A Fo ell R vel a. ) Q p/1 )'JAI t.; o u 1 �E / a k �Pt k��'h9 P] .t tAn ' 6t __ ..._._. . -.. < r t u So ioU%E oll coursef3gggltl LA �! nsEi U �i<7070W 344 �• PSCO 42°30' SWAMSCOTT 2.3 MI. �Q��Oam E 7O°S2' 30" ROAD CLASSIFICATION 3 S� Primary highway, Light-duty road, hard or o� hard surface.-............ improved surface - Secondary highway, am o y _ hard surface........ Unimproved road.. Interstate Route O U. S. Route 0State Route s .E LOCATION SALEM, MASS. - - Pie compiled in cooperation with State of N4230—W7052.5/7.5 from aerial photographs taken 1977 and other 1970 mmatlon not field checked. Mao edited 1979 PHOTOHEVISED 1979 AMS 6869'111 SW—SERIES V814 j _ xi+1�f iM !F yt a t/'C'i rT y� ��` Ai•�� Ye ` f!T 4 F 1+ k R f .0 4 rT� F S i_'. 4 4 1} -77 Y, � �5!+a 1 � '. x � � ��:. S 4< �� ii=�y:}•.`�'r"i��,i�,y�j��"�>•�.'y� ;t It Y,t � ^.�� -x`a 1 +k�y� W ` 511~k�`h] � C �.�T^ —+— •:' .:� ♦ t - _ }� -'__ � a - � I lis � - -- ova kh f Yi i .1 Y N _ t tj%F-�i� �I4wL_�T BVI •k fi.« fYt 4 v 1 .�F �� akK.me _7t1 Ch1 .4¢3' 11 11. s__; >, "*il '��4ti•� i I,� I J.• �� '' i � 1 y � ��kT ,' 1 L � i r" Y Y 1 � r2 ✓ } TM r Ak ♦, Y �I�t , 1-', t tC t;ti 14 e yf{ ifl ;:� 1 MWs '�I. y.,S,T �''! s 31It . .Ar t�..S.. UH a.�-e+�-r,�Mi r yirs. '� � F'p ' ,y±;m' r� •� 211 t � `w j//l■/y .+^a. � ma �gqll(�af � y F4Y 1 ��uoY,, ��d Y��F ..w a.4 / S .x �S R-._. '>YC''� L-�`4 a-vy,y+• "v, 'f- jtl r i' i A.% t A 36M.? t r - � �.ati is y '.� \ "?-, 5�,. .. � ] � '.e a >•-E 55-- it ' qL v » F S g ' ' �dY tr a 1\ y fA A i aE U 3 -;rye a 5W Al 77, k+ f Ltd, 'r"Ln•. I' r UQ `� ��► lies r � ��-�`Fr�.�, �+ �� 1`:- IF-A �. /II 4 /I NA- .z.! k {• i„r, 2� a. 'Ya. ,� � ��' �- +e tom,] 15>}w 9 - pl r4r,� t Ir'f �,< •'� -4 -� .,vi h �' ..��. •tet I �^��yt�4.y � 'r, '�� '�S,'µ�i�'..'"'`"-�S. `�' ,th-:a' Y�S• 'yC. ^ y,,:Y 1�^;r � ;•'I m°"y t'r..._ 1 .� § .l 4 S ? K�'f~:��4-�.x��.� �i�ue� t t •fit-�� r• �_ -- :► �` r• e s a � �1r • a 1 --i- r� r K a ! v $ sr . � • �//�.f dam-• ' � w+�Ei-3 ' 1 r sr'.,�'t�x z�{z%+ i'r.?a.xw'� •'''x�1YY "§.54.3NIt4!^SS's ' .�, t .� ,4 4�; j y ti r.+'•,.rz y".L y. r� ¢+e>r�"'--�---F. .�ry,,,�,� �� '�.�`.t� �t by t'r�� 7wrk�� 5�-h�yt,. r,.t!F�.. ..K:•.,.�' f �� x � c n f > 37ifa K/ �.f �/�-�o•�,,r ..ter 3•�Y✓.� �;, si r r ✓f r'' bn•rf:e/j ir� )' } "-4�rlrrlYf .�'` x„ `i i{ �� r �'- ': r i 1 �� fi v't F 9r e 5 r :Jy�ql� ==II" .^�- z,• 11 V ��Ry$�}/ r .X,. ✓ fW y r �/v .1�! 11'/. 1r.• j a n � e ��'I 1� ! Rw"�`' ry „�� 3• € 4-.rx+te. s 4•sa S l i l r •, _�' t tFsjl rr11r ,y'F:C sus w" .F q V �j iF� ym lu 1111..1 � � 4 JJ� 1 If 11111 Cl I`�1 N I ul��' 11144 } {C� I1 t • t 1 ,� •'ll+!�'��,i,1,41�t4K141 4•.t��,tau,F�I�I� � lFl � �tl`��{1�I� 1�'�i�� Ililldllllu {10 i � 'J lliyld 1�1{�1� 411 1 4 11 111 i'i�� f 1, ts�ijt{I I il�'1 I{l l{}{tl' Iii lyra R��r x� � t, ' r11 i Wf.� t ( 1 IIf Itl ` rs test rlfl i,�t Il'�F�N��,N 1�1,1tt11�• It I Ii �: �9 +a}r kv.. JV Aa 1 tiy�.Vir t. s TFs�r �• "�. tc; y. �.` Y' T I M r= ti hr u ..Y-~.°• h• r_- .moi ,5 aaez$Z' j; ! ems' x, I +y S A� 5'�% '' � Ks1 tsi£ .. Y t ,_ �'Ci•s 2�Mi' p� gg4 f.Y I I ::aP> YS 1■'Ci.G` 1. :� { .j A 7 � N ■W i t 4.0 sl 1`S1 13't ira: 7 ,� -1� �, x 'a+ /-=4> / k E ��ry i �,:rl Y,.f,. MS -39 1 Ir}tl��„S � z'�,• b\� *'G. _ �s!J 1 7/�I■i r � t e ! r< 1 ixy" 7F;t"'v-0� .xV'�'�� _}xi..- 414, lu— t4��1 � d5 *, 1 � � ��, l � rx svY if i t yvv ✓ x v r a.11 �. �,.� '%".,"'xd.'s,2`T�« M !II/ 1``t�..t.,,�v dax sr ;�:'�� u,;•rt� id's+.Af+`..zl,Y h.. a V� � d�:' 4 (/"'$.j Gt,t 2 .Yx..-.�.�: �, v ■e�.s ..�.t r -a r� 4.?.�f 3� �" ,vi ti a;J4 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS Office of the Secretary of State MASSACHUSETTS 294 Washington Street HISTORICAL Boston, Massachusetts 02108 MICHAEL JOSEPH CONNOLLY COMMISSION 617-727-8470 Secretary of State November 22, 1983 Mr. Jacob Wolfson, Chairman Salem Historical Commission 12 Hartford St. Salem, MA 01970 Dear Mr. Wolfson: The Massachusetts Historical Commission is delighted to inform you that the Historic Resources of Downtown Salem have„been -accepted, by -the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Enclosed is the official National Register certificate which you may wish to display in your property to make others aware of the National Register program and of preservation efforts in your community. For your information, an explanation of the National Register of Historic Places is enclosed. If you have any questions or wish further information, please do not hesitate to contact the Commission's office at the above address. We share with you a sense of pride that the Historic Resources of Downtown Salem have been so designated. Sincerely, ncAyr0% f Michael Joseph Connolly Secretary of State Chairman, Massachusetts Historical Commission � . w' Patricia L./Weslowski State Historic Preservation Officer MJC/PLW/sac enclosures cc: Local official_._ .. y> F;J R M A - AREA S U R d E Y ' Form numbers in this area Area no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION IIP-37 to HP-88 C Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston Salem of area (if any) Downtown Salem Y _ / t a I L_1 Ll date or period 19th century 69 I yd/� `�i!" 'a.�,i. ■ j= ea uniform (explain): ® !E g Re? compatible mix -3 <<d. ndition? generally good 3- �e of ownership? generally private t:? primarily commercial 5. Map. Use space below to draw a general map of the area involved. Indicate any historic .properties for which individual reports are completed on Forms B thru F, using corres- p_ ponding numbers. Show street names (including route numbers, if any) and indicate north. +� Indicate with an "x\\ existing houses not inventoried on Form B. See attached. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE 6. Recorded by A Crump USGS Quadrant Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority MHC Photo no. Date November 1979 UTM References: (over) A-19/344320/4709370 D-19/344160/4709120 B-19/344450/4709220 E-19/344170/4709320 C-19/344340/4709000 e F O IR �.I A. A H E A c TU Ii J E y Form numbers in this area Area no. ML4SSACI-SUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION to, HP-88 C Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston Salem of area (if any) Docmtown Salem �t°�r {rilr 4 al date or period 19th century � T 1 '}!�� fir- G�_• y��1fPPY�� n ' ; J. 0' 1 , a uniform(explain): - le? compatible mix dition? generally good y� e of ownership? generally private ? primarily commercial L �� 'd` .AHP ,—, '�,•;s"" \�.J - ; 51 - .✓ rd p � HP•4g4` , jyy City 'p •'I 1 .., • ; rt F HP44, }Xi a H? �.► . .. ?0k 44 HP 4�-7--��' r ;i �s r•'- 9 »\ J� •78 a '✓ ('l.l l0 '^ 1 •,• .•.n HP• NPI. :._ CNp \. .� � .•w_•er--- P �� 7 0 {fP \ HP• B/ NP,I6} �� az1 ' '_ A W lip 43 r Hr• �s NP•Qd jv HF r 71 }{Q y t NP-- Hp.60 , y F.r e HP-4o 70 ^MP_ "�' .NPC 62- V,'j a7 , 9\S ! HP 38• )1, � NP `IMS ^. :•. _ H? C•+XXTIR RPCCT 1 rt` 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The Downtown Salem District includes representative groupings of buildings from all phases of Salem's commercial development. It incorporates the properties abutting Washington Street from Church Street to the north end of Riley Plaza; buildings on the north side of Essex which are highly visible from Town House Square; properties already listed on the National Register as the Old Town Hall district; properties facing on the principal block of Central Street; and buildings on the south side of Essex Street, forming the north edge of the Derby Square - Central Street area. The character of the area is uniformly urban and commercial, although the different periods of development contribute varied expressions of style, density and mass. The massing of buildings on Central Street is irregular, and, in combination with its modest scale, is suggestive of domestic architecture. Derby Square, by contrast, is a more uniform environment, although still domestic in scale. The massive commercial blocks lining Washington Street create a third distinct area within the district, with their uniform monumentality relieved by variation of stylistic detail. These physical differences reflect the development patterns of the downtown. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Essex and Washington Streets were lined with the homes of promi nent citizens. Commercial buildings appeared for the first time in the early 19th centu- Two of the earliest_examples. survive on Central Street, which was the site of the markets in the 18th century. Two prominent merchants, William Gray and Benjamin Hathorne, financed the construction of the Old Customs House (HP-82) , formerly known as the Central Building, in 1805. Facing the Customs House across Central Street is the last surviving example of Charles Bulfinch's work in'Salem (HP-76) , built in 1811 . to house two of the many banks that were headquartered locally. The wooden building (HP-75) next to the Bulfinch building is one of the few residential structures surviving in the downtown. These three buildings define the character of Central Street, establishing an irregular, small-scale pattern of development. The appearance of Derby ,Square, which was developed a few years after the Central Street grouping, provides a notable contrast. The influence of a governing concept is obvious in its consistency of form, scale and materials. The imposition of deed restrictions helped to implement the plan even though individual structures were built independently by investors. The Old Town Hall (HP-72) is the centerpiece of Derby Square, with surrounding buildings subsidiary to it in function and design. The Washington Street corridor expresses the open competition of prosperous businessmen of the late 19th century. The uniformity of scale and purpose of Derby Square is also apparent on Washington Street, although there is no single focus. Rather, the cumulative effect is that of an ambitious surge of commercial enthusiasm. The 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc. Ann Beha Associates: "The Peabody Block: A Preservation and Reuse Strategy", 1979. City of Salem building department records. Essex County Registry of Deeds. Essex Institute research files. Gavenda, David T. : "The Brick Store of Abel Lawrence", 1972. Heliotype Publishing Co. : View of the City of Salem, 1877. Hopkins, G.M. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874. McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Reardon, Elizabeth K. : Salem Historic District Study Committee Report, 1968. Salem city directories. Salem Evening News: Illustrated History of Salem, 1897. It is a roµgh road that leads to the heights of greatness. Seneca INDIMDUALS ir�rwe en Boo-saa-osea %ORT%l B - BUILDING ' T In Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 35 193 Office`of the Secretary, State House, Boston wn Salem dress 7 Ash Street me Bessie Monroe House esent use Residential ILI ® ® FT Jan M. Robbins ® _ sent owner 7 Ash Street a Salem, Mass. 01970 1 �r FT scription: to 1811 .-. Source Tax records Federal 4. map. raw sKetcn of ult fng location rchitect Unknown in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Brick p Outbuildings(describe) None Other features quoins 6/6 sash oedimented entry_,_granite hasPment ••° � Ate+' J I /R,o ";.F ui `' ,; <`I •w%�`�N Alteredno Date - 179, ^D Moved no Date 5. Lot size: 2,586 sq: ft. t r One acre or less X Over one acre At 1 11 �l'+=_'. Approximate frontage 43 ft. r--' - Approximate distance of building from street + ? Adjacent. i� 6. A. Crum Recorded by P •` .��, ��- .— Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority Date November 1979 UTM References: 19/344320/4709430 Assessor's Number: 35-193 OM-5-77 5f= 7. Original owner (if known) Thomas Perkins Original use Residential Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development x Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The modest brick house at 7 Ash Street is notable for the clarity of its Federal vernacular design, and is indicative of the character of an early 19th century neighborhood that was obliterated by urban renewal. The simplicity and formality of the building are typical of Federal vernacular architecture. The two-story house is crowned by a hip roof punctuated on its forward slope by twin chimneys. A classically detailed fanlit doorway is centrally placed on the five-bay facade, and is the building's only decorative element. The house was built in 1811 by Thomas Perkins, a prosperous merchant in nearby Topsfield. It was initially rented to Perkins' brother, a chairmaker, who occupied it until his death. While its modest character is typical of the surrounding neighborhood, now demolished, brick construction was relatively rare in Salem at the time it was developed, and the house was distinctive in its original context as much as it is today. Bessie Monroe, for whom the house is named, owned and occupied the 7 Ash Street house until her death around 1975. Bessie Monroe was an elderly lady who became upset upon hearing that the property, in addition to all of the adjacent buildings, was to be taken by eminent domain through the Redevelopment Authority. The house was originally targeted for demolition. The Redevelopment Authority, concerned with how relocation would affect Bessie Monroe' s health, "decided to take the property but allow Mrs. Monroe to live there until her death. This decision delayed the planned demolition of the building, even though all other targeted properties were demolished. (Continued) 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Historic Salem, Inc. research files - u' TORY FORM CONTINU ON SHEET . Commmi Form No: I1CtiUSE17S HISTORICAL COMKISSION— Salem 193 ffice of the Secretary, Boston _._... _. _ = Property'Name: Bessie Monroe House Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. 9. Historical Significance (Continued) Luckily, the renewal plan changed its focus from new construction to restoration of existing buildings between the time of the Taking and Bessie Monroe's death. The building was then sold to an owner interested in restoring the structure. The Bessie Monroe House possesses integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship and association. It meets criterion C of the National Register of Historic Places. Staple to Inventory form at bottom pL-L FORM B - BUILDING In Area no. , Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 35 210 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston - - - - - wn Salem Iress 144-156 Essex Street me Bowker Place `>sent use Commercial --sent owner 144 Essex Street Sa em, ss. - ascription: fte c. 1830 Source Title records !le Greek Revival -�- chitect Unknown in relation to nearest cross streets and Brick other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric ✓ r; ��_� ivy r';\ - tt. .•,� �, �` P c,- z t Outbuildings (describe) none Other features 6/6 sash, brownstone lintels LL and sills Altered storefronts Date 1974 Moved no Date 5. Lot size: 8,499 sq. ft. > \ t 0. one acre •• , - s \ �' One acre or less X Over o Approximate frontage 131 ft. \,�a \I` - , Approximate distance of building from street Adjacent tk 6. Recorded by A. Crump/A. Van Ingen Y' ~i Organization SRA/Historic Salem, Inc. /-•. �_\ ' P \�3 � Date November 1979 UTM Reference: 19/344510/4709260 Assessor's Number: 35-210 7. Original owner (if known) William Manning Original use Commercial Subsequent uses (if any) and dates Office municipal military B. Themes (check.as many as applicable) i Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Bowker Block, at 144-156 Essex Street, is a distinguished Greek Revival commercial building erected about 1830 by William Manning. Manning's bankruptcy forced sale of the building in 1844 to Joel Bowker, a leading local merchant, whose name was long associated with the structure. The building is significant both architecturally and through its association with the commercial development of the city. The three-story brick building is divided into three four-bay units, with each party wall marked by twin chimneys. The front slope of the pitched slate roof is also punctuated by two dormer windows on each unit. Brownstone lintels and sills trim the six-over-six windows on the upper floors; an elliptical window marks the center of the row on each story. The ground floor storefronts are framed by granite piers and lintels. The Bowker Block occupied a significant place in the commercial life of the community, as well as in its architectural environment. The Merchants Bank, the Naumkeag Bank and the Salem Police Court were among the first tenants; later in the 19th century, occupants included the Salem Marine Insurance Company and the Second Corps Cadets. Prominent local retailers James F. Almy, David Conrad, and William Filene all started their operations in this building; Almy's and Filene's are major department stores in the Boston area today. (Continued) 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) r Essex County Registry of Deeds } Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. DRY.:FORM CONTIN ION SHEET Commim Form No: pEHIJSMS HISTORICAL CUM SSION Salem 210 fice_of the Secretary, Boston_ Prorper`ty Name:' Bowker Place r . - :-Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. - 9. Historical Significance (Continued) In 1974, the Bowker Block was purchased by the L. H. Rogers Clothing Store. The original storefronts over time had been completely changed to a combination of wood, glass and aluminum. With L. H. Rogers' arrival , the mix and match storefronts were replaced with granite piers and lintels to approximate the original appearance. The Bowker Block possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship and associations. It meets criteria A and C of the National Register, of Historic Places. Staple to Inventory form at bottom Y JFORM B - BUILDING In Area no, -Form no, 444 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 26 - 138-443 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston Nn Salem r Iress 298-304 Essex Street me Shepard Block n q a-sent use Commercial/residential sent owner See below left scription: to 1851 _ Source Tax records de Greek Revival Architect Unknown Exterior wall fabric Brick Outbuildings (describe) No Other features gabled dormers, bridged end 4aa. 't HP-Ea. ..•.�... �-j - chimney, brownstone lintels and sills I^= — 523 - urr f E53EI Altered Storefronts Date e. 1890 'J m Moved No Date 5. Lot size: 8,769 sq. ft. i 1. f-466 Z One acre or less X Over one acre �. 467 y " l Approximate frontage 95 ft. k"� a. 66 WI i- Approximate distance,of building from street Owners: Adjacent 298-302 Essex: 304 Essex: 300 Essex St. Trust Morris 5 Anne Wineg. Recorded by A. Crump/A. Van Ingen Jacob H. Levin, Tr. 30 Evans Road 47. Stanley Rd. Peabody, Mass. Organization SRA/Historic Salem Inc. Swampscott, Mass. 01907 01960 Date November 1979 (over) UTM Reference: 19/344010/4709210 Assessor's Number: 26-138,443,444 )M-S-77 7. Original owner (if known) Michael Shepard Original use Residential s Subsequent uses (if any) and dates i 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development x Political Transportation 4 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) p The Shepard Block, a group of red brick rowhouses built in 1851 at 298-304 U Essex Street, is a distinguished example of residential construction for investment of its time. The three-story row is composed of four houses, each three bays wide. The pitched roof is punctuated with twin chimneys at each party wall, and two gabled dormers on the front pitch of each house. A granite basement and brownstone lintels and sills provide contrast on the facade; the entablature is rendered in brick. Storefronts were inserted in three of the houses before the turn of the century, but the row maintains a traditional appearance. Michael Shepard, a prominent local merchant, amassed the land for the project in the late 1840s, and built the row in 1850-51. The Greek Revival building, originally constructed-for residential use, was modified for commercial use on its first floor around 1890. Atlas and building records indicate the existence of wood framed garages and out-building as early as 1874. The brick rear ell is not original and was constructed some time after 1911. Similar structures appear at 5-9 Summer Street and also at the Bowker Block, 144-156 Essex Street. The Shepard Building and Bowker Block act as anchors within Salem's renewal areas along Essex Street, with the Shepard Building on the West edge and the Bowker Block on the East The Shepard Block possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, work- 9 manship and associations. It meets criterion C of the National Register of Historic 7 Places. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Essex County Registry of Deeds HP-S FORM B - BUILDING In Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 26 438 � Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston wn Salem dress 284-296 Essex Street me YMCA -sent use Institutional Salem YMCA sent owner 288 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 cription: e .1898 Source Newspapers le Classical Revival 4. ap. raw s e c o in am oc ion rchitect Walter J. Paine in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Brick & Limestone .. . .- p- • , - + *•pt cr - r c > Outbuildings (describe) N/A Other features monumental entry y, pilastered facade frieze with swags . .w removal -of rooftop • c <;� • Altered trellis Date 1950s •^ 1 � IMI e Moved no Date • CM � ...... 5. Lot size: 35,985 sq. ft. 492 One acre or less x Over one acre — I =90 Approximate frontage 185 ft. ESSEX- Approximate distance of building from street Adjacent 6. Recorded by A. Crump/A. Van Ingen Organization SRA/Historic Salem Inc. �• n ... - - L. Date November 1979 UTM References: 19/344040/4709210 „ 1 q Assessor's Number: 26-438 30A1-5-77 --- i 7. Original owner (if known) YMCA Original use Institutional Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation x Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian x Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) t The Salem Y.M.C.A. is the finest local example of the Classical Revival style d popular in the late 19th century. Walter J. Paine of Beverly designed the new facility at 284-296 Essex Street in 1898, incorporating commercial space and a theater with the recreational and residential facilities of the Y. The ground floor of the three-story building is articulated as an English basement, containing storefronts and the elaborate center frontispiece marking the main entrance to the Y.M.C.A. Each bay is defined by an interruption of the wall plane. } The center bay is flanked by two-story brick pilasters above the entrance, and the second and sixth bays break forward to match the projection of the frontispiece, p The basement and classically-detailed trim are limestone. Although the rooftop loggia has been removed, the building retains a strong sense of the original design. Judging from those examples of his work that were published in the prestigious periodical, American Architect and Building News, Walter J. Paine worked comfortably in a variety of styles. Two contemporary church designs were devoid of classical influence, but fully expressed the Shingle Style and the Romanesque Revival. This eclecticism was typical of the late 19th century, when architects frequently pursued several styl-.stic directions simultaneously. Paine's published work is uniformly competent and sophisticated, creating a logical context for his capable treatment of the Y.M.C.A. The monumental presence of the Y.M.C.A. acts as an anchor for the western end of Essex Street, Salem's major commercial corridor. Its architectural importance is representative of the Y.M.C.A. 's prominent role in the community at the time 0. oM�.truct"on nd the buildin r ain a gnif;cant el merit in th fabric of downtown 10. i iograpny an�/or references fsucTi as lsocalshistories, deeds, assessors records, early maps, etc.) Salem. (Continued) Salem Evening News, April 11, 1898, February 3, 1899, and February 20, 1899. tk `: Cmmmmity J Form No: 6RYFORM CONTINUA N SHEET TETI 'HISTORICAL CMUSSION Salem _ r £i�cof the-Se"cretary, Boston. Property Name: YrtcA Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below, ; . 9. Historical Significance (Continued) The YMCA was organized in Salem in 1858 and was originally housed in rented space at -the old Custon House on Central Street. The first building purchased by the YMCA was at 20 Central Street in 1884. Twenty years later, the present location on Essex Street was constructed and opened for use. The original rooftop granite portico/trellis structure was removed in the late 1950s due to structural problems. The brick addition at the rear of the building was constructed at this time to house the present indoor pool. In 1979-1980, the YMCA Trustees, realizing that .the facility would have to be upgraded to increase the declining membership due to the .growth of private health clubs, sold a portion of the second and third floors to the Salem Housing Authority, in order to raise the necessary capital for the improvements. The Housing Authority renovated the two floors which formerly contained rental rooms,' into fourteen units of elderly housing. With its own-capital, and with grants from the Department of Interior's UPARR Program and the Salem Redevelopment Authority, the YMCA in undergoing more than a half million dollars of upgrading. . The YMCA building possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship and association. It meets criteria A and C of the National Register of Historic Places. Staple to Inventory form at bottom 1,9.M, AHI - TINUA�N SHEET �S - Community Form No: CCr4IISSION Salem---- 438 ---.. r a ter•+--5�{ ,< _ �', Boston each it" property Name:. YMCA �.cate e 9 { ,,.Rilsto cal $ ktk�1 inventory form which is being continued below. tFicance (Continued) The;YMCA,was org the old Custoy 11k YMCA was at 20 C� j(Zed in Salem in 1858 and was originally housed in rented space on Essex Street Nt lase on Central Street. The first building purchased by the portico/trellis W3ral Street in 1884. Twenty years later, the present location problems. The bgtt constructed and opened for use. The original rooftop granite time to house th Ie" tune was removed in the late 1950s due to structural FN addition at the rear of the building was constructed at this In 1979-1980, th ,paddition indoor pool. upgraded to inct,, Y clubs, sold a Pr g MCA Trustees, realizing that the facility would have to be in order to raQtt the declining membership due to the growth of private health @ thn of the second and third floors to the Salem Housing Authority, The Housing Auth e necessary capital for the improvements. rooms, into four tl grants from the tee renovated the two floors which formerly contained rental Authority, the �Depa units of elderly housing. With its own capital, and with CA rtment of Interior's UPARR Program and. the Salem Redevelopment The YMCA build. In undergoing more than a half million dollars of upgrading. workmanship atdh$ of Historic PI aepossesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, �esgociation. It meets criteria A and C of the National Register Staple to Inventory form at bottom FORM B - BUILDING ! J:`s . In Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 34 429 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston - - - --- wn Salem ress 55 Lafayette Street e Salem Laundry sent use commercial esent owner Salem Laundry Co. 69 Lafayette St. cription: Salem, Mass. 01970 e 1906 nm ■ it ource Directories le Functional chitect Unknown in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Concrete = / l Outbuildings (describe) N/A � c,.r- �_�� 1 $± ,�• . Other features . pier and spandrel construc- /� 1 1 7 i :io c„.tom glazed with multi-pane sash 1 Y- Alterd D- - e No ate - _ - p r. Moved No Date r 5. Lot sizes 34,074 sq. ft. j” '^ � One acre or less X Over one acre _ I 1 Y Approximate frontage 318 ft. cr•.nn ssrtc[r 4A KG Approximate distance of building from street l ` i� Adjacent 6. Recorded by A. Crump �r "--� ��/�.� ••'% •' /(� Organization Salem Redevelopment Authorit .O,q 0 ` �•. 4l O � '4!0 ct^ •"" Date November 1979 4-0J `a, L. ,� t i;F' FS y lI UTM Reference: 19/344430/4709050 �" �— -- `-- Assessor's Number: 34-429 30M-5-77 a+ ' 7, original owner (if known) Salem Laundry Co. original use Commercial Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Salem Laundry building at 55 Lafayette Street, built in 1906, was the first concrete structure in Salem, and represents contemporary technology in its advanced form. The factory is four stories high. The facade is divided into three bays characterized by large areas of steel frame factory sash. The central bay projects slightly from the wall plane. Ashlar-tooled concrete block piers separate the bays, while spandrels and fasciae are smooth-faced and severely detailed. The storefronts are divided like Chicago windows with transoms; the center bay of each of the end stores is emphasized by an archway in its transom. The imitation ashlar character of the concrete block used to construct the Salem Laundry is typical of a stage in the development of this technology that was at its height in the decade 1910-1920. The vertical tooled face and pseudo-ashlar coursing of these blocks are typical of the intermediate stage of concrete block development, between coarse, technologically primitive rock-faced block and the abandonment of the "imitation stone" appearance in favor of a forthright expression of the material. The appearance of this intermediate style in Salem as early as 1906 is especially notable since the Laundry was the first concrete structure in the city. The rela- tively creative application of concrete block, in the severity of the building's form and in the use throughout of a pattern typically limited to architectural accent, suggests an ambitious approach reaching ahead to a direct expression of the material in anticipation of technological feasibility. (Continued) 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.)- City Directories j Gillespie, Ann: "Early Development of the Artistic Concrete Block", _ APT Bulletin, Vol. XI, No. 2(1979) . Walker Lithograph 6 Publishing Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1911. GommunForm No Fff e of the Secretary, Boston Salem , 429 Property-Name: Salem Laundry Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. 9. Historical Significance (Continued) . The Hooper family has owned and operated the Salem Laundry business since its inception in the late 1800s. It was not the only laundry business in the area. The business was moved to its present location in 1906. Aside from the one-story addition to the north side of the building, the original structure remains intact. The Salem Laundry Company has reduced its commercial laundry service in favor of a small coin-operated location and dry cleaning business. The business offices remain inthe building. The Salem Laundry possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship and association. It meets criterion C of the National Register of . Historic Places. Staple to Inventory form at bottom HP- FORMB - BUILDING In Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 26 441 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston j Salem i oss 8 North Street i i Wesley Methodist Church O ss ent use Church j Wesley Methodist Church _ ent owner c/o C.A. Currie -= 12 Lee Street Yi j' y: +- ription: Salem, Mass. 01970 Tfl 1889 iurce Newspapers - f9 � A Romanesque Revival e. map. Draw sxetcn of building location Architect Lawrence B. Valk in relation to nearest cross streets and ^I /� ( U Exterior wall fabric Brick V9+ _ J Outbuildings (describe) None IFE Other features round arched windows, cor- belled cornice, stained glass _-1 Altered Parish Hall added Date c. 1950 Moved No Date 5. Lot size: 30,300 sq. ft. One acre or less X Over one acre `90 _+,.• �� Approximate frontage 164 ft. 469 I sza _ I— Approximate distance of building from street ., t � S ft. �✓ ^ i, + 6. Recorded by A. Crump/P. Bailey - ✓'� I O.J %' - Organization SRA/Historic Salem Inc. i f".,w Date November 1979 (over) UTM Reference: 19/344020/4709260 Assessor's Nuaber: 26_441 OM-5-77 E 7. Original owner (if known) Wesley Methodist Church yte' -t 0, - Original use Church -4a Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation r Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Wesley Methodist Church is a locally unique example of the Romanesque Revival style church architecture that was popularized throughout the Boston area by H.H. Richardson and his many accomplished disciples. Built in 1889, the building's red brick walls, brownstone trim and steeply pitched grey slate roof are typical of its date and style. Its Roman cross plan terminates in an apse flanked by sideaisles at the street, with a square corner tower on the north side marking the entrance. A 135-foot steeple designed to sit on this tower was never built. A round arch motif dominates the composition, appearing throughout 1 the fenestration. The form of the cupola which marks the crossing of the nave a and transepts is echoed atop elongated colonnettes marking the corners of the tran- septs and balancing the entry tower. ,The well preserved sanctuary is the building's most no feature, distinguished by its theatrical-style sloping floor. Interior trusswork is bridged with a corru- gated iron ceiling, originally painted sky blue. A more typical design element is the double-hung stained glass partition system dividing the sanctuary from the ves'.ry. The most serious alteration has been conversion to a center aisle pew configuration. The little-known 'architect was Lawrence B. Valk, of New York City. Foreman Robert G. Norton, who supervised the church's construction, advertised as an architect in city directories following its completion. The building's importance is enhanced by the destruction of most local development from this period in the Great Fire of 1914, leaving Wesley Methodist as a rare example .of the Romanesque Revival style in Salem. (Continued) 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) q Salem Evening News, February 16, 1889 0 rfic FORM CONTI TION SHEET Cmu� FormNo: CHUSEITS HISTORICAL CCRdSSIONSalem441 e. of the SecretarY, Boston - ' _ ' Property Name:rt]rWesley-Methodist - Church Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. ._ 9. Historical Significance (Continued) In 1823 a wood meeting house was constructed on Sewell Street by the growing Methodist population. .Dissension was immediate, due to an ownership dispute between some of the Parish and its Minister, Reverend Jesse Fillmore. By 1841,' the dispute resulted in the formation of a second parish which located on Union Street. In 1844, the two parishes merged and erected a new church on Lafayette Street. The original Sewall Street meeting house was sold to the Second Universalist Society. (Sketch of Salem: 1676-1879; Chas. A. Osgood and H.. M. Batchelder) . In 1872, the Sewall Street property was repurchased by some members of the Lafayette Street Methodist Society who received a charter to form a separate parish. The meeting house was named the Wesley Chapel after the English-Methodist John Wesley (1703-1791) . By 1886, the congregation had outgrown its meeting space, and on July 1, 1888, the cornerstone was laid and the new Wesley Methodist Church was dedicated on April 25, 1889 on North Street (Wesley Methodist Church Book; 1872-1972) . In 1957, the Parish Building at the rear of the existing church was demolish ed - to make room for an education building. The building is a two-story brick structure, with a dark red metal window system. The Wesley Methodist Church possesses -integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship and association. It meets criterion C of the National Register of Historic Places. Staple to Inventory form at bottom ® FORM B - BUILDING In Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 35 194 Office of the Secretary, State House; Boston i 1. Town Salem Address 6 Rust Street Name First Universalist Church ' i Present use Church ' ust niversa ist urc Present owner 6 Rust Street Salem, ass. it 3. Description: Date 1808 a � Source Salem Historical Commission - Style Federal e n Architect William Putnam rid Exterior wall fabric Brick Tfn �.- Outbuildings (describe)None ~ Other features pedimented frontispiece, ✓i- -� �' ', balustraded tower, arched entry •��- °_ '1 » Altered Restored 1924 Date 179„ Moved No Date - '", .� 5. Lot size: 16,252 sq. ft. One acre or less X Over one acre • _ t `j c - ` Approximate frontage 126 ft. ' 111 Approximate distance of building from street sl--t Adjacent 6. Recorded by A. Crump Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority - Date November 1979 UTM References: 19/344300/4709460 Assessor's Number: 35-194 301+1-5-77 7. Original owner (if known) First Church Original use Church Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development x Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The First Universalist Church on Rust Street is one of two Federal period churches remaining in the city. In addition, it is one of only two buildings to survive in an early 19th century vernacular neighborhood that was cleared for urban renewal. The two-story, red brick church is built on a typical Federal meetinghouse plan, with a projecting five-bay facade supporting a square tower at its center, which masks the ridge of the pitched roof behind. Brick sill courses mark the second story of the facade and encircle the tower, but do not appear on the main mass 1 of the building, which is completely sheer except at the cornice. This restraint enhances the bold effect of the stronger cornice and balustrade capping the tower. Broad granite steps lead to three doorways symmetrically placed on the facade. The center entry is recessed in a round arch; the secondary side entries, also recessed, are segmentally arched. The end bays are marked with rectangular windows. The Universalist Society of Salem was founded in. 1805, and a..lot of landonr St. Peter Street was donated for construction of a church. This was considered i to be too close to the town jail , so the lot was sold for $1 ,000 and the present u lot purchased for 1 ,500. The cornerstone was set on August 17, 1808; the first service was held on May 14, 1809. The First Universalist Church possesses integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship and association. It meets criterion C of the National Register of Historic Places. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. 4 FORM B - BUILDIA In Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 26 459 460 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston n Salem Dress 5-9 Summer Street e Nnna ` sent use Residential James M. boro-ri-cro—s—effr-, T sent owner W/W Margaret solovickos ummer Streer cription: Salem, Mass. - 01970 e 1834 ource Tax records e Greek Revival n . U1 VULIULL16 IUU1 Architect Unknown in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Brick Outbuildings (describe)None Other features Doric porticoes, wrought q r�' L 1 U iron fence Ci r' Altered sash Date late 19th c. A901 ` - ,,,,, Moved No Date .•> . ,e,. i . t.. I 5. Lot size: 8,519 sq. ft. One acre or less X Over one acre ! = Approximate frontage 97 ft. \ `�'rt,63�'.� '. I Approximate distance of building from street 1� �r refs . a; 3 ft. P 467 ? G�= `-•� � 6. Recorded by A. Crum -' Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority yi li . r Date November 1979 �G,hi•`•�'\ • '•,� I` UTM Reference: 19/344/030/4709140 Assessor's Number: 26-459,460 30M-5-77 i 3 7. Original owner (if known) Cant Nathaniel West Original use Residential Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political x Transportation gg U 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The handsrime red brick residential block at 5-9 Summer Street is important both as an urbane expression of the Greek Revival style, and through association with two prominent local figures, Nathaniel West and William Cogswell. The three, three-story rowhouses maintain a unified appearance. Each is three bays wide, with a recessed side entry marked,by a. wood Ionic portico. The pitched roofline is continuous, but the single dormer and twin chimneys have been removed from number 9 and its original grey slate roof has been replaced , by asphalt shingles. An original wrought iron fence enclosing a narrow areaway y sits on a granite sill which matches the steps and basement of the row. !. The block was built in 1834 ;by Nathaniel West, one of Salem's leading merchant captains who commanded a privateer during the Revolution and was active in trade with the Far East. It was later the home of William Cogswell, a Civil War general who served as a member of Congress and as Mayor of Salem. 5-9 Summer. Street is one, of three similar Greek Revival brick blocks, all of which are important anchors for the edges of the downtown area. The others are the Bowker Block at 144-156 Essex Street (HP-2; 1830) and. the Shepard Block at 298-304 Essex Street (HP-6;1851) . The three represent the evolution of this building type over a 20-year period and its .suitability for both residential and commercial uses. 5-9 Summer Street possesses integrity of location, design, setting, mat. -ials, workmanship and associations. It .meets criteria A, B and C of the National Register of Historic Places. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Essex County Registry of_Deeds Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. . J 0 HP-7 In Area no. Form no. iORM B - BUILDING 26 462 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston -1wn Salem cess 15 Summer Street theJohn.'P Peabody House jt esent use Offices Bay Realty Trust Is "' esent owner Thomas W. Burke, Tr. 5324M Camelot Dr. i scription: Fairfield, Ohio 45014 ' to 1867-68 Source Tax records le Colonial Revival chitect Unknown in relation to nearest cross streets and Exterior wall fabric Wood other buildings. Indicate north. Outbuildings (describe) None 433=t• 1`� -••` „� Other features slate gambrel roof with ,� .. triangular anpedimented dorme d seg mental entry with sidelights and fan 469 No Date Altered No Date i Zi Moved Vim, 8,160 sq. ft. 5. Lot size: , ^✓ � ,3 ` i J i One acre or less X Over one acre 71 ft. rs68 Approximate frontage 467 . 467 Approximate distance of building from street 12 ft. J`J- D 1 6. Recorded by A. Crump Organization Salem Redevelopsent Authorit , I i Date November 1979 I UTM Reference: 19/344030/4709080 Assessor's Number: 26-462 e F..;. 7 Original owner (if known) John P. Peabody Original use Residential Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The residence built by Salem merchant John P. Peabody at 15 Summer Street in 1868 prefigures the emergence of the Colonial Revival style as 'a popular . expression of patriotism in conjunction with the nation's Centennial celebration. A grey slate gambrel roof dominates the composition of the two-story, three--bay facade. The central emphasis created by the fanlit doorway, framed by a square portico, is reinforced by the rhythmic bay configuration of the central second story window, and by the interruption of the pattern of the pedimented dormers with a single segmental" pediment at the center. While the stylistic character of the building is primarily Colonial Revival, , the contrast of the shiplap facade with clapboard side walls in conjunction with a broken pitch roof belies its derivation from the prevalent Mansard idiom. The generous-setback from the street is unusual for its downtown location, and serves as an effective transition to the predominantly residential neighborhood across Summer Street. John P. Peabody was a prosperous dry goods merchant whose business was prominently . located in the center of Town House Square. He was also the publisher of Peabody's Fireside Favorite, a literary monthly. Peabody's socisl standing, combined with the presence of distinguished Colonial prototypes in the immediate vicinity, create a comprehensible context for the appearance of this stylistic expression well in advance of its popularization. This Colonial Revival structure is one of a series of similar period and style buildings just east of the downtown area. The style was more predominant in the adjoining neighborhoods on Beckford St., Broad St., and Cambridge and Chestnut Streets. Possessin integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship and setting, the Peabody House meets criteria B and C of the National Register of Historic Places. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's rec.- ds, early maps, etc.) City Directories Essex County Registry of Deeds To affect the quality of the day, that.tis the highest of arts. Henry David Thoreau � M 12A g f ! M A - AREA S U R V E ` Form numbei s in this area ,Area no. iSACHUSETTB HISTORICAL COMMISSION HP-37 to HP-88 C cc of the Secretary, State House, Boston i Salem - ' � of area (if any) Downtown Salem --__ —_ FaLrlate_or-period 19r_h century n� !1 ba uniform (explain): He? compatible mix adition? generally good ie of ownership?P generally Private - <+- B? primarily commercial Use space below to draw a general map of the area involved. Indicate any historic rties for which individual reports are completed on Forms B thru F, using corres- g numbers. Show street names (including route numbers, if any) and indicate north. e with an ^x" existing houses not inventoried on Form B. See attached. IN THIS SPACE 6. Recorded by A Crump Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority Date November 1979 UTM References: (over) A-19/344320/4709370 D-19/344160/4709120 B-19/344450/4709220 E-19/344170/4709320 C-19/344340/4709000 r 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The Downtown Salem District includes representative groupings of buildings from all phases of Salem's commercial development. It incorporates the properties abutting Washington Street from Church Street to the north end of Riley Plaza; buildings on the north side of Essex which are highly visible from Town House Square; properties already listed on the National Register as the Old Town Hall district; properties facing on the principal block of Central Street; and buildings on the south side of Essex Street, forming the north edge of the Derby Square - Central Street area. The character of the area is uniformly urban and commercial, although the different periods of development contribute varied expressions of style, density and mass. The massing of buildings on Central Street is irregular, and, in combination with its modest scale, is suggestive of domestic architecture. Derby Square, by contrast, is a more uniform environment, although still domestic in scale. The massive commercial blocks lining Washington Street create a third distinct area within the district, with their uniform monumentality relieved by variation of stylistic detail. These physical differences reflect the development patterns of the downtown. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Essex and Washington Streets were lined with the homes of promi- nent citizens. Commercial buildings appeared for the first time in the early 19th centur} Two of the earliest examples survive on Central Street, which was the site of the markets in the 18th century. Two prominent merchants, William Gray and Benjamin Hathorne, financed the construction of the Old Customs House (HP-82) , formerly known as the Central Building, in 1805. Facing the Customs House across Central Street is the last surviving example of Charles Bulfinch's work in Salem (HP-76) , built in 1811 to house two of the many banks that were headquartered locally. The wooden building (HP-75) next to the Bulfinch building is one of the few residential structures surviving . in the downtown. These three buildings define the character of Central Street, establishing an irregular, small-scale pattern of development. The appearance of Derby Square, which was developed a few years after the Central Street grouping, provides a notable contrast. The influence of a governing concept is obvious in its consistency of form, scale and materials. The imposition of deed restrictions helped to implement the plan even though individual structures were built independently by investors. The Old Town Hall (HP-72) is the centerpiece of Derby Square, with surrounding buildings subsidiary to it in function and design. The Washington Street corridor expresses the open competition of prosperous businessmen of the late 19th cei.`ury. The uniformity of scale and purpose of Derby Square is also apparent on Washington Street, although there is no single focus. Rather, the cumulative effect is that of an ambitious surge of commercial enthusiasm. The 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, .assessor's records, early maps, etc. Ann Beha Associates: "The Peabody Block: A Preservation and Reuse Strategy", 1979. City of Salem building department records. Essex County Registry of Deeds. Essex Institute research files. Gavenda, David T. : "The Brick Store of Abel Lawrence", 1972. Heliotype Publishing Co. : View of the City of Salem, 1877. Hopkins, G.M. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874. McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Reardon, Elizabeth K. : Salem Historic District Study Committee Report, 1968. Salem city directories. Salem Evening News: Illustrated History of Salem, 1897. �. UNITED STATES DEPARTNI, J Oh THE INTERIORFOR : 5 USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE- RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM IDAT : ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem - ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 19 - Individuality-of-the- I beh-ind-these-bu�LldiTgs-=s-read-i4y-appar-ent in their eclectic stylistic identities. Ruskinian masonry on the Kinsman Block (HP-55) , the monumental engaged columns on the Masonic Temple (HP-49) , the brick patterned arches of the Power Block (HP-39) , all enrich the character of the street and relieve the severity of scale. The Downtown Salem District is an expansion of the Old Town Hall District, which was listed on the National Register in 1972, and incorporates two individual sites, Salem City Hall (HP-56) , listed in 1973, and the Joshua Ward House (HP-38) , listed in 1978. It abuts four other small districts, and indirectly links up with the extensive Salem Common District, to provide recognition and protection to a broad band of Salem's significant properties. HP-38: 150 Washington Street (c. 1785) The Joshua Ward House is a three-story, brick Federal mansion, set imposingly on high ground well back from the street. Listed on the National Register in 1978, it was restored with the assistance of a . Grant-in-Aid in 1979-80. HP-39: 140 Washington Street (1889 & 1895; Nathan P. Sanborn) The Power Block is a four-story loft building enlarged six years after its construction to the present six-bay width from the original three, to accommodate a furniture company's growing business. Its red brick walls are arched, corbelled and patterned in the Romanesque Revival style to frame the banks of windows. While the initial appearance of the facade is irregular, a closer examination shows each half to be independently symmetrical. The northern, original section is the most complex: storefronts on the ground floor; simply detailed triple windows on the second floor; a rectangular bank of four windows flanked by triple windows contained within corbelled segmental arches on the third floor; and banks of four windows on the top floor, crowned by a round arch in the center bay with segmental arches on either side. The 1895 addition is based on triple windows flanking a double unit at each of its upper levels. The second floor has straight headers; the center bay of the third floor is contained in a segmental arch; and the central segmental motif is repeated on the top floor, flanked by round arched bays. The southern corner of the building is canted away from the street. The strength and clarity. of this varied composition make the Power Block one of the best examples of commercial architecture in Salem. r o•.m 0. 10 3JCa IP,r 10 74-d UNITED STATES DEPARTNIt. fi Oh THL INTERIORFOR Nr i USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORM (DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE- 20 ' Hp_40: 12Z-128 Wasnington Street more) The four-story, five-bay Peabody Building is a red brick Georgian Revival edifice trimmed with white marble incised lintels and keystones. The central bay is emphasized on the second floor by a modified Palladian window, and on the third floor by a paired window. The fourth floor, which was added early in this century, features arched windows with Gothic tracery in the upper sash, in place of the twelve-over-two sash found in the rest of the building. A parapet rises above the pressed metal cornice. The storefronts have been altered. HP-41: 118-120 Washington Street (1882; Peabody & Stearns) A three-story, Classical Revival building with its end bays set off from two center bays by pilasters in the same red brick as its walls. The original twelve-over-two window sash are intact on the third floor, as is the pressed metal cornice. The storefront has been altered. HP-42: 247 Essex Street (1913; Henry Bailey Alden) A two-story, brick Georgian Revival building constructed as headquarters for the Salem Gas Light Company. While the ground floor has been altered, the original composition of a broad center bay flanked by narrow side elements is still evident in the upper level and panelled cornice. HP-43: 257 Essex Street (1910) The Merchants National Bank built this three-bay, brick Georgian Revival structure. Its monumental interior hall is.expressed in the two-story high arched windows, which are separated from the central entrance by double pilasters. Limestone quoins mark the corners of 'the facade, which is crowned with a parapet. HP-44: 250-254 Essex Street (1925) A four-story, four-bay building with a cast stone facade. The decorative stonework contrasts with the clean lines of the plate glass inset bays. HP-45: 244-248 Essex Street (c. 1834) A three-story red brick, brownstone trimmed Greek Revival .commercial buildings with nine bays that divide into three sections corresponding to granite-framed storefronts on the ground floor. The eastern section of the building is emphasized by a cross-gable containing a lunette divided into three individual windows. The remainder of the roof is punctuated by a single dormer and a tall narrow chimney. UN.ITED STATES DEP ARTMJ OF THE INTERIOR FOR'. . �USE ONLY NATIONAL PAR K :,ERVICE - - RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES I INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM : ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 21 HP-46: 242 Esse Stree�(1877; William, Dennis) A diminutive two-story, two-bay Italianate store building distinguished by its well preserved marble.front. Ashlar blocks contrast with a highly decorative bracketed cornice and drip-molded lintels above the windows. HP-47: 234 Essex Street (1885 & 1911) This imposing commercial block was built in two stages, to accommodate the growth of William Webber's prosperous dry goods business. The uniform appear- ance of the building results from a conscious adherence to a consistent design program in the Classical Revival style. Occupying a prominent corner in downtown Salem, the three-story, red brick block stretches eight bays wide. along Essex Street, and eleven bays along Washington. The original plate glass storefronts are hidden by aluminum panels, but the upper floors retain their traditional appearance. The large second floor windows are separated only by delicate pilasters and span the full height of the floor. A metal cornice separates this level from the top floor, which is composed of twelve- over-two double hung sash. A frieze is suggested by recessed panels of brick- work below the pressed metal cornice. A'single oriel punctuates each of the principal faces of the building. HP-48: 90 Washington Street (1945) A four-story, yellow brick building which displays the influence of the International Style in its banded fenestration and undecorated facade. HP-49: 70 Washington Street (1915; Little & Brown) The monumental, four-story Classical Revival facade of the Masonic Temple effectively disguises the building's bulk behind a colossal frontispiece. Ground floor storefronts are contained by a rusticated limestone English basement. The nine-bay brick facade of the upper floors is scaled by an engaged Corinthian colonnade, flanked by wings of classically detailed windows, all sheltered- by a broad cornice and central pediment concealing the extended height of the top floor. This building introduced interior retail space to Salem, with a shopping arcade that has been sacrificed to provide an elevator bank. HP-50: 60 Washington Street (1890; Lord .& Fuller) A handsome commercial block designed by Salem's leading local architects for successful real estate and insurance broker Charles Odell. The two-story, four-bay facade is organized by a Romanesque arcade, which serves as decoration for the building. 6.i I 3C - - IRer 10741 UNITED STATES UEPA RT,NIL OF THE INTERIORFOR N76 USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM °ATE ENTeRE° CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 22 -per-- 32=34-C-hurch-Street-(-1879 A two-story, panelled brick structure built for municipal water department headquarters. The irregular single and double bay pattern of the fenestration was dictated by function, not style. The chief decorative feature is the handsome corbelled cornice and peaked central element framing the datestone. HP-52: 30 Church Street (1861, 1887; George Hadley, William D. Dennis) A two-story, red brick firehouse with segmentally arched fenestration: three broad bays on the ground floor, and five double hung windows upstairs. The distinctive silhouette of the tall hose-tower at the rear of the building is a .local landmark due to its concave Mansard roof. HP-53: 33 Church Street (1831, 1896; Ernest M.A. Machado) The Salem Lyceum was the intellectual and scientific center for the area throughout the 19th century, witnessing lectures by prominent figures such as Daniel Webster, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Quincy Adams and Horace Mann. Alexander Graham Bell sent the first telephone press dispatch to Boston on the evening of his lecture here. The original wooden building was rebuilt in Flemish bond brickwork with Georgian Revival details by Ernest Machado, after a serious fire in 1896. Two stories high, a belt course divides the broad storefront bays at ground level from the single and paired windows on the second floor. HP-54: 71 Washington Street (1882) ' ' The original Cate's Block was a red brick, Romanesque Revival style commercial building and social hall. Its present Classical Revival appearance dates from a facelift in the early 20th century. The original fenestration, with tall arched windows in the top floor, was overlaid with a rusticated English basement, two-story pilasters, stucco walls and a parapeted cornice. HP-55: 75-87 Washington Street (1882; Lord & Fuller) Salem entrepreneur John Kinsman built this ambitious block, containing ground floor storefronts, lawyers' suites on the secondfloor, and twin social halls on the third floor. The three-story block is an excellent example of the Ruskinian Gothic style, with polychrome trim contrasting with its red brick walls. The highly decorated, broken corbelled cornice and parapet is a testament to the architects' skill. HP-56: 93 Washington Street (1838; Richard Bond) The severe granite facade of Salem City Hall is a masterpiece of Greek Revival style public architecture. It was listed on the National Register I in 1973. UNITED SIATES DEP?.RTM:, Ii OF THE INTERIOR [OREN-r-S USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM L°ATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET. Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 23 X57. 97-103 Washington Street (C. A four-story, red brick commercial building, with its fenestration organized by pilaster strips into a central bank of four windows flanked by groups of three. Some restrained corbelling is the only ornamentation on the building. HP-58: 228-232 Essex Street (1892) A four-story, red brick building with two facades, befitting its location on the principal intersection in downtown Salem. The storefronts have been altered, but the upper floors retain their classical detailing, with giant pilasters supporting a dentillated cornice. Three bays of triple windows occupy the Essex Street face, with two more bays facing Washington Street. The lintels of the fourth floor windows break into arches above the center windows, suggesting a Palladian motif. HP-59: 231 Essex Street (1826, 1877; Peter Banner & Solomon Willard) Distinguished Boston architects Willard and Banner built the fourth meetinghouse on this site for the First Church of Salem. When Daniel Low's department store bought the property, a new facade on Washington Street was added in the contemporary. Ruskinian style to help establish the building's new identity. The building was listed on the National Register in 1972, in the Old Town Hall district. HP-60: 125-131 Washington Street (1855, c. 1910, 1973) The 19th century Asiatic Bank Building was totally rebuilt for the Salem Savings Bank by Arthur E. French. After the property was listed on the National Register in 1972, as part of the Old Town Hall district, an addition to the south side doubled the size of the building, supporting its design with monumental pilaster strips defining the new mass. HP-61: 133 Washington Street (1808) A red brick, Federal style store building built for Abel Lawrence, a wealthy merchant whose principal business was a distillery on Front Street. The property is included in the Old _Town Hall district, listed on the National Register in 1972. HP-62: 143 Washington Street (c. 1855) A foursquare Greek Revival store which anchors the corner of Washington and Front Streets. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 in the Old Town Hall district. 1R,. 10741 `\ UNITED STATES DEPARTMI 4 OF THE INTERIORrEC r' S USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IVEDI NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM `DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 24 HP-63: 155-189 Washington Street (1874; Bruce & Copeland) Although disfigured by picture windows and stucco cladding covering its original shiplap siding, the distinctive Italianate detail of the Arrington Block is still visible. Built after the widening of Washington Street forced the demolition of its predecessor, this block is the last wood-frame commercial structure to survive in downtown Salem, and as such is an important reminder of the city's former appearance. Originally built in the form of a main block with side ell, to break up its length, another side extension to the corner of Front Street was added in-the 1930s and contributes nothing to the integrity of the structure. Three stories high, the main section is nine bays wide and distinguished by peaked lintels on the third floor windows and a bold cornice. Its original ell stretches fifteen bays to the south, with simpler detail to minimize its extent. The block served as a hotel, first as the Central House, later as the Washington House Annex, benefitting from its location adjacent to the railroad station which stood at the head of Riley Plaza. HP-64: 21 Front Street (1845; L. Putnam) - A two-story, brick and granite Greek Revival store listed on the National Register in 1972 as part of the Old Town Hall district. HP-65: 15 Front Street (c. 1860) A tiny two-story brick building in the Italianate style, which was constructed as Salem's police station. It is incorporated in the Old Twon Hall National Register district. HP-66: 32 Front Street (c. 1860) A two-story brick warehouse structure with a Mansard roof, included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-67: 15 Derby Square (c. 1820) A two-story red brick Federal style cocmlercial .building which is a principal structure in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-68: 16-20 Front Street (1974) An infill structure which continues the design of its neighbors, standing within the Old Town Hall National Register district. %R" 10.741 UNITED STATES UEP.-XRT%I'; 1 OF THE INTERIOR rOR :: SUSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IVED -. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM IRATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 25 HP- . - rout—Suet—(c: 83fl) A two-story, brick and granite Greek Revival store building, included in the Old Town Hall National.Register district. HP-70: 22-26 Derby Square (c. 1915) A three-story warehouse building that forms one edge of Derby Square. Listed on the National Register as part of the Old Town Hall district. HP-71: 16-20 Derby Square (c. 1900) A four-story brick warehouse that is included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-72: Old Town Hall, Derby Square (1816) The centerpiece of Derby Square, this dintinctive Federal style building combined the town meeting hall with a market. It was listed on the National Register with its surroundings in 1972. HP-73: 20 Central Street (1979; Robert L. Scagliotti) A four-story, red brick mixed use development which spans the area between Central Street and Derby Square, containing a raised public plaza above parking with adjoining retail space on- either side, and residential condominiums on the upper floors. Varied facade treatments respond to the different environments. surrounding the complex. HP-74: 17 Central Street (1912; John Mathew Gray) Salem's three-story Classical Revival police station is built of brick with limestone trim. Entrances occur at either end of the English basement, with circulation towers expressed in the windows of the upper floors, where five full height arched windows are flanked by vertically aligned conventional -double-hung sash. HP-75: 13 Central Street (1766) A three-story, five-bay wood house, with ground floor storefronts preserving the domestic scale of the original Georgian form. HP-76: 11 Central Street (1811; Charles Bulfinch) Bulfinch's last remaining attributed work in Salem was built to house two banks, but has been the home of the Salem Fraternity, a charitible organization, since 1899. Its two-story, five-bay, red brick form clearly reveals Bulfinch's design, with first floor arched windows set off by sill and spring courses, and divided by a belt course from the second floor. An I� UNNITED STATES DEP ART,NII IT Oh THE INTER IORFOR'. S USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF (HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM `DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 26 Itallanate portico and cornice are de t y handled, and enhance the character of the building. HP-77: 3-7 Central Street (1886; William D. Dennis) The Newcomb Building was originally occupied by Frederick Porter's meat market and Holly Tree dining rooms. Three stories high, its central bay is set off by pilaster strips which break through the corbelled cornice. The second floor fenestration is evenly divided into groups of three windows, although the paired third floor windows are distributed with a single pair flanked by two pair. Stone and brick patterned sill courses join the brick lintels as decoration for the building. HP-78: 173 Essex Street (1858) The three-story, Italianate style Downing Block is a rare local example of its type. Masonry construction was relatively rare in-.Salem until after the Civil War, and the Downing Block's wooden contemporaries were steadily replaced by later development. Heavy brownstone lintels dominate the six-bay facade, which is crowned by a broken cornice surmounted by a segmental arch framing its datestone. HP-79: 179 Essex Street (c.1860) An Italianate commercial building three stories high and three bays wide, with an elaborate panelled cornice and decorated lintels. Its granite block storefront recalls earlier commercial styles. HP-80: 183 Essex Street (c. 1875) A two-story, three-bay store building in the Queen Anne Panelled Brick style. Its granite framed storefront supports tall second floor fenestration, composed of a paired window crowned by .a semicircular leaded transom, flanked by triple hung windows whose top sash is small paned and patterned. A simple corbelled cornice completes its composition. HP-81: 185 Essex Street, (1847; Gridley J.F. Bryant) The Naumkeag Block is the only known local example of Bryant's commercial work. Its brick and granite Greek Revival form is diminished by the loss of its hipped roof, but its elegant curved corner, brownstone headed tall windows at the second floor, and brick pilaster strips suggest its former proportions. io,m Nu 10 3i.Ca ,Re. 10-741 UNITED STATES VEPARTM .I Oh THE INTERIOR rORr � OSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE VED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES I INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM {DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 27 - HP-82: 4-10 Central Street (1805; Samuel McIntire) Salem's Old CusYomg . House, at the corner of Central and Essex Streets, was developed by prominent merchants William S. Gray and Benjamin Hathorne. The Customs Office was one of a number of important commercial tenants in the red brick structure, until changes in maritime trade resulted in the relocation of Salem's shipping trade from the Front Street area to deeper waters. The tripartite facade of the three-story building is strictly symmetrical, with a central seven-bay pavilion crowned by a low pediment. Three-bay wings are simply detailed; with ground floor arched windows, splayed lintels heading the' second floor windows, and shorter attic story windows typical of the Federal. style. The center entrance bay is emphasized only by a relieving arch at the second floor containing a Palladian window, and by a lunette window in the pediment. HP-83: 197-201 Essex Street (1932, 1977) The present appearance of this simple brick storefront dates from a recent remodelling. Three broad display bays are recessed in the facade, serving as the building's only articulation. HP-84: 203-209 Essex Street (1895; Holman K. Wheeler) A yellow brick, Classical Revival commercial building designed to house the - Naumkeag Clothing Company, a local department store. Three stories tall, the facade treatment wraps around three bays on each side, as well as the nine-bay front wall. Ground floor storefronts are the base of the classical composition, with monumental pilasters defining each bay of the upper floors. A brick frieze is sheltered by a pressed metal cornice. Decorative metal spandrels separate each vertically aligned pair of windows, crowned by a rusticated arch motif. 1 HP-85: 213-215 Essex Street (c. 1816) A brick and granite store building constructed by the developers of Derby Square as part of their -initial plan. Listed on the National Register in 1972, along with the Old Town Hall district. HP-86: 5 Derby Square (c. 1816) A red brick commercial structure built by John Derby and Benjamin Pickman Jr. to support their Derby Square development. This building is contained within the Old Town Hall district, listed on the National Register in 1972. L NITLD STATES DEPART`IE Ot THE INTERIORrEC , 1USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICEVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES I INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM `DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 . PAGE 28 - HP-$7 2T7 ree Built as the Hoyt Block, this Classical Revival commercial block has been the home of the Naumkeag Trust Company since 1910. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 in the Old Town Hall district. HP-88: 225 Essex Street (1873; Bruce & Copeland) The five-story Hale Building is Salem's only cast iron front structure, with an appearance typical of this building technology. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 as a member of the Old Town Hall district. HP-3: 206-212 Essex Street (1892) The Gardner Block is .a three=story brick building with a .flat roof, and a five- bay symmetrical facade classically detailed with granite trim. The center three- bay section breaks forward from the facade plane, and is articulated with monu- mental Corinthian pilasters on the upper floors, supported by engaged columns at the ground floor. The deeply recessed, arched entranceway dominates the compo- sition of the facade, reinforced by the triple window at the center of the . second floor; reflecting the configuration of the Palladian window above it. Splayed keystoned lintels cap the rectangular openings of the upper floor windows. A 1977 addition on the east side of the bank by local archi- tect Oscar Padjen is notable for its successful integration of old and new design. The facade plane is continued by a single sotry high arcaded screen,_ with the curtain wall addition set back, forming a courtyard. The ground floor originally housed twin banking halls, which have been combined into one. The original marble and exotic wood finishes have been preserved. The Salem Five Cents Savings Bank opened on May 14, 1855 at 173 Essex Street (HIP. 78), moved to the Downing Block, and in the 1870s moved to the Northey Building at the corner of Essex and Washington Streets. The Salem Five Cents Savings. Bank catered. to the small depositor's account, encouraging children and young adults to save. Of the first 300 depositors, 262 were minors. The Bank was one of the only banks in the area which would open an account with a miniimnn' deposit of five cents. In 1893 the Salem Five moved into one-half of thefirst floor of the new Gardner_Building; the other half was home to the First National Bank. The Salem Five owns and occupies the entire building today. HP-4: 216-218 Essex Street (c.1805) The Federal style commercial building at 216-218 Essex Street was built c.1805 by storekeeper Jacob Rust. It is the oldest store building in downtown Salem, and one of the fifty brick structures recorded in the city . in 1806. The three-story building has a pitched roof, with two tall chimneys rising from each end wall. The four-bay facade is marked at the floor levels by belt courses which return one bay at each sides. Wall openings for the two (Continued) MPS Fam 10.W0s OMB WX1024-M8 (. ( Exp 10-31-54 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service �M'tt , US9>Onlp s cxc+x �rx a ai . National Register of Historic Places ^yam = yv Inventory—Nomination. Form aateentered N S"k rr`k�v gyp ' x>:hi Continuation sheet Downtown Salem Item number C7 page 29 storefronts and .at the second floor are segmentally arched,. in contrast to the rectangular third floor windows. A molded r c cornice defiLlUb—the- 1oo£l-ine. The building is one of the city's earliest commercial structures, predating the commercial development of Essex Street by ten years. Its significance is enhanced by its material, since brick was unpopular in Salem. In 1806, the Gazette published a list of fifty brick buildings then standing; Rust's store and the Old Customs House are the only commercial buldings on this list to survive in the downtown. V :.le. 10'741 1 L:NITLD STATES DEPARTME,, jOF THE INTERIOR FOR Ni JSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED - NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 29 Downtown Salem National Register District Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 60 Washington Street (35-22) 1 Sertech Laboratories, Inc. 1 Peabody Street Salem, Mass. 01970 70 Washington Street (35-19) 1 Salem Masonic Temple Assn. 70 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 90 Washington Street (35-18) 3 Harris Realty Trust Carl Harris, Tr. 234 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 118-120 Washington Street (35-5) 1 Mansfield Realty Associates 144 Boylston Street Boston, Mass. 02116 122-128 Washington Street (35-4) 1 Mansfield Realty Associates - see above 140 Washington Street (35-3) 1 Barton Realty Co. 140 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 150 Washington Street (35-2)` 1 Ernest J. Zampell 50 Rantoul Street Beverly, Mass. 01915 71 Washington Street (35-198) 2 Salem Co-op Bank 71 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 75-87 Washington Street (35-199) 1 James Kallas et ali c/o Charles Panagopoulos 81 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 .?er 1UiGl . UNITED STATES UEPARTNIE, 10F THE INTERIOR FOR Nt., i SE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 30 Property ress (SAM#I-) mpor ante a i�rg* Ownel Ship , 93 Washington Street (35-200)0 1 City of Salem 93 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 97-103 Washington Street (35-201) 2 Joriman Trust Richard Shribman et al, Trs. 20 Stanley Road Swampscott, Mass. 01907 125-131 Washington Street (35-255)° 2 Salem Savings Bank 125 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 133 Washington Street (35-256)0 1 George H. Sawtell 8 Otis Street Danvers, Mass. 01923 143 Washington Street (35-611)0 1 . a Becket Street Realty Trust Stephen Ingemi, Tr. 126 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 155-189 Washington Street (34-426) 1 Salem News Publishing Co. 155 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 173 Essex Street (35-617) 1 Barbara Lally 30 Arthur Avenue Marblehead, Mass. 01945 179 Essex Street (35-231) 1 Bernard's Inc. 179 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 183 Essex Street (35-232) 1 Boston Leader Millinery & Hosiery Stores, Inc. 10 Holden Street Malden; Mass., 02148 185 Essex Street (35-233) 1 Simgert Trust c/o Dana Myer & Son 3 Center Plaza; Suite 200 Boston, Mass. 02108 r Rev 10-741 - - LNITEU STATES DLPART'tt, }OE THE INTERIOR FOR N`r , USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK. SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 31 Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 197-201 Essex Street (35-238) 3 Beverly E. & William Carmen 10 Dartmouth Street W. Newton, Mass. 02165 203-209 Essex Street (35-240) 2 Joseph R. & Stephen C. Ingemi 36 Margin Street Salem, Mass. 01970 217 Essex Street (35-251)' 2 Naumkeag Trust Company 217 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 225 Essex Street (35-251)0 1 Naumkeag Trust Company see above 231 Essex Street (35-254)0 1 Higginson Square Realty Trust William S. Follett, Tr. 231 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 247 Essex Street (35-4) 2 Mansfield Realty Associates see 118-120 Washington Street 257 Essex Street (35-8) 1 Merchants National Bank 255 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 228-232 Essex Street (35-202) 1 Ricknor Realty Corp. 150 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970_ 234 Essex Street (35-16,17) 1 Harris Realty Trust see 90 Washington Street 242 Essex Street (35-15) 1 Harris Realty Trust see above 244-248 Essex Street (35-14) 1 David Todreas 62 Pleasant Street Malden, Mass. 02148 252 Essex Street (35-13) 2 James Kallas et ali see 75-87 Washington Street UNITED STATES [)EPARTNI E. )OF THE INTERIOR [RECEiVE OSSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK, SERVICE D NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES `DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE - 32 Property Address (SAMA) Importance Rating Ownip 4-10 Central Street (35-237, l Pasquanna Developers, Inc. 250 & 603) 58 Collins Street Lynn,. Mass. 01902 20 Central Street (35-242, 247, 3 Pasquanna Developers, Inc. 248, 249 & 608) see above 3-7 Central Street (35-234) 1 Hillmann Family Realty Trust Douglas J. Hillmann, Tr. 13 Strawberry Hill Road Andover, Mass. 01810 11 Central Street (35-612) 1 Salem Fraternity c/o Edwin W. Dennis 33 Warren Street Salem, Mass. 01970 13 Central Street (35-235) 2 Salem Fraternity see above 17 Central Street (35-236) 2 City of Salem see 93 Washington Street Old Town Hall, Derby Square (35-253) 1 City of Salem see above 1 Derby Square (35-241)` 1 Morton B. Braun c/o Derby Square Co. Moccasin Hill Road Lincoln, Mass. 01773 5 Derby Square (35-274)0 1 Morton B. Braun - see above 15 Derby Square (35-243)0 1 Welch Family Trust Harold W. Scully, Tr. 15 Front- Street Salem, Mass. 01970 16-20 Derby Square° 2 Higginson Square Realty Trust see 231 Essex Street 22-26 Derby Square' 2 Higginson Square Realty Trust see above r L \ITLD STATES t)LPARTME Oh THE INTERIOR FOR )USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK —AVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ID ATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 33 ELUPULlyres (SAPiII� Impor-Eanee Ra-4 Owsa�rship 15 Front Street (34-421)° 1 Welch Family Trust see 15 Derby. Square 21 Front Street (34-422)0 1 McDougall Realty Trust Daniel R. McDougall, Tr. 17 Front Street Salem, Mass. 01970 6-12 Front Street (35-245)0 1 Welch Family Trust see 15 Derby Square - 16-20 Front Street (35-244)0 2 Welch Family Trust see above 32 Front Street (35-257)0 2 Becket Street Realty Trust Joseph. R. Ingemi et al, Trs. 36 Margin Street Salem, Mass. 01970 33 Church Street (35-601) 1 Salem Lyceum Realty Trust Joan M. Boudreau, Tr. 33 Church Street Salem, Mass. 0197-- 30 Church Street (35-445) 2 Elemar, Inc. 30 Church Street Salem, Mass. 01970 32-35 Church Street (35-197) 2 1 Church Street Realty Trust George E. Maguire et al, Trs. Box 208 Salem, Mass. 01970 206-212 Essex Street (35-205) 1 Salem 5� Savings Bank 210 Essex St. Salem, Mass. 01970 216-218 Essex Street (35-204) 1 Crete Realty Trust Nondas Lagonakis, Tr. 9 Bridge Street Salem, Mass. 01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district 'Property already listed on National Register lNfTEL` STATES DEPARTME %OF THE INTER10kFOR Ni-',- USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICERECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES IDATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C8- PAGE 34 Salem Evening News: January 15, 1883; July 20, 1886; March 26, 1889; May 22, 1889; May 20, 1890; June 24,1891; March 28, 1892; July 21, 1892; June 2, 1893; October 18, 1895; August 1, 1896; February 14, 1899; January 19, 1911; March 12, 1913; June 6, 1914; September 14, 1914; and March 30, 1915. Salem Gazette: February 4, 1806; January 23, 1874; and September 29, 1882. Salem Register: December 6, 1847; May 7, 1877; and November 22, 1886. Sanborn Map Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1883. Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906, corrected to 1929. Tolles, Bryant F. Jr. and Caroline: Guide to Salem Architecture, in manuscript. Walker Lithograph 6 Publishing Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1911. Webber, William G. : The Old Corner, 1912. r 17ORA4 A - AREA SURVEY Form number., in this areaArea no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION HP-12 to HP-28 A Offices oftha Recretarv. State House. Boston IISalem � I of area (if any) Federal Street district 7 "'i date-or-per � iod-19-t cen-turXP , s-Iz third quarter as uniform (explain): / /le? compatible mix ndition? generally good -oma )e of ownership? public 6 private e?residential & institutional inat T: F e any historic using corres- ° and indicate north. uTE fpr I 71 Np' NP �, Y�� I it NP ,1 .. f i8.rrn ' y f [•D Ff.R . I SiRf CT wa,• Hyf Hv -µ P ---- w P l u �+ +++ i 2S i a9'7 ! 'fir' -� f-�/ �� i'�� _��—• ' `_J 4-j N :T:,.. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE 6. Recorded by A. Crump USGS Quadrant Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority MHC Photo no. Date November 1979 (over) UTM References: A-19/344200/4709430 B-19/344220/4709320 E-19/344020/4709340 C-19/344150/4709320 F-19/344020/4709410 D-19/344150/4709340 f`_T o/oT✓.ncn/t tenni.cn 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The block of Federal Street between Washington and North Streets is set apart from the rest of the street; on the east by the width of Washington Street and urban renewal clearance, and on the west, by a sharp bend in the course of the street coupled with a change to a more uniform residential character. The Federal Street District is therefore a self-contained block, characterized by contrasts of scale, architectural style and use which successfully synthesize into a single entity. No voids or intrusions disrupt the integrity of the district. The first phase of development of the block was predominantly residential, as was most of downtown Salem. However, by 1810 both churches in the district were occupying their present sites, introducing the institutional charcter that dominates the block today. The Tabernacle Church of 1923(HP-28) , facing the corner of Washington Street, postdates the rest of the district, but a Congregational church has stood on that site since 1777. The First Baptist Church of 1805 (HP-15) , near the other end of the district, is the oldest brick meetinghouse in Salem, and one of only fifty brick structures that stood in the city in 1806. The original Federal design was overlaid with Italianate detail in 1850, integrating the building into the predominantly mid-century character of the district. Three of the twelve houses on the block also represent this early period of development: the Georgian house at number 47 (HP-24) , the small Federal house at _number 60 (HP-17) , and a Greek Revival duplex at 55-57 Federal Street (HP-22) . In 1841, a new granite Essex County Courthouse (HP-12) was built on the north corner of Washington Street. It was followed twenty years later by a red brick Superior Courthouse (HP-13) which was in turn enlarged and remodelled in 1889. Complementary residential development progressed simultaneously, and the district's residential character reflects the popular styles of the mid-19th century. Three handsome Mansard houses (HP-20, 23, 26) in particular translate the monumentality of the courthouses into domestic terms, and establish a dynamic interrelationship. Five houses between the Superior Courthouse and the First Baptist Church were cleared to make room for a new Registry of Deeds (HP-14) in 1909. Construction of the Registry enhanced the dichotomy of scale already evident on the street. It also marked the close of development of the street, except for the replacement of the Tabernacle Church with a new structure of similar size and scale. The contrast of the monumental institutional buildings on the north side of the street with the row of houses facing them defines the character of the district. Among both groups, however, a diversity of styles is represented. The Federal- Italianate hybrid style of the First Baptist Church, combined with the Greek Revival, 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, r early maps, etc. I Essex County Registry of Deeds 1 Essex Institute research files 1 Historic Salem Inc. research files Hopkins, G.M. 6 Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874. McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Salem Gazette, February 4, 1806 and March 30, 1850. Salem Register, January 2, 1806 and August 26, 1850. Sanborn Map Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906, corrected to 1929. ,Pe. '10-761 U V IT STATES DEPARTNIE, ,OE i III: I tiTERIOR FOR N ;USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK '.,.RVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM IRATE ENTERED CONTINUATION.SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 10 Rutuaue�que Revival and Classical-Rev-iva-l-tour-thouses,-represe�� broad-range-of 19th century styles interpreted for institutional use. ` The residential buildings demonstrate a similar variety of 19th century styles, unified by aconsistency of design quality. All are ambitious vernacular examples. of their , styles, expressing understanding and confidence without innovation. The Nathaniel Treadwell House at number 63 (HP-20) is especially noteworthy for competent execution of a sophisticated concept, in exceptionally well preserved condition. This district is an expan$ion of a district containing only the three Essex County buildings that was listed on the National Register in 1976. Listing of the larger district will better protect the environment of the courthouses, as well as provide an increased understanding of their context. HP-12: Old Essex County Courthouse (1841; Richard Bond) This distinguished granite Greek Revival building was listed on the National Register in 1976. HP-13: Essex County Superior Courthouse (1862, 1889; Enoch Fuller, and Wheelwright and Northend) Originally Italianate in style, the present appearance of this red brick building trimmed in brownstone dates from its remodelling in the Romanesque Revival style. - It was listed on the National Register in 1976. HP-14: Essex County Registry of Deeds (1909; Clarence H. Blackall) : This monumental granite Classical Revival Building was listed on the National Register in 1976. The 1979 addition to Probate Court is a 5-story concrete and glass edifice containing the Essex County Administra- tion and Registry of Deeds offices as well as other Court functions. The building was designe by Phineas Alpers Inc. Construction costs was approximately $2.8 million. HP-15: First Baptist Church (1805, 1850) The present appearance of this handsome brick meetinghouse reflects the cosmetic alterations made in 1850 in a rusticated Italianate manner, as well as revealing the original Federal-style form of the structure. The pedimented facade is dominated by a projecting pavilion that expresses the narthex. Its three bays are articulated as an English basement containing three identical entrances framed in heavy rusticated brownstone. A belt course separates this basement from a principal story composed of tall arched - windows capped by drip-molded brownstone. A lunette window is the centerpiece of the strongly projecting modillioned pediment, which is echoed in the visible outline of the sanctuary wall some ten feet behind it. An elaborate steeple was taken down earlier in this century. The building is further distinguished by its siting, placed seventy feet back on its lot with a pleasant treed lawn separating the church from its neighbors. The meetinghouse was recorded as one of only fifty brick buildings standing in Salem in 1806. Despite the change in its appearance, its material and location preserve the 'integrity of this aspect of its significance. Moreover, its Italianate trimmings render it a t;', 10.741 UNITED STATES DEPARTNIt i OF THE INTERIORrRFCE"IVE IUSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK otRVICE D - NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM (DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER - A PAGE 11 rar2—edam,,lri of r�}�e�Cprf of this—style in public buildings and__eff.ectyvely complements the array of institutional styles presented by the Essex County buildings. HP-16: 58 Federal Street (c. 1850) A vernacular five-bay, two-story center entry Greek Revival house, with three pedimented dormers facing the street, and a typically modest frontispiece of entablature and pilasters. An indication of the newer Italianate style can be seen in diminutive brackets punctuating the cornice. HP-17: 60 Federal Street (c. 1810) A simple Federal cottage two stories high and squarely proportioned, with a three-bay facade and shallow hip roof. The single story entrance porch is recessed at the left corner of the facade, and screened by latticework. HP-18: 62 Federal Street (c. 1900) This two-story vernacular Colonial Revival house has an L-shaped plan, with the entrance located at the inside corner, beneath a projected hexagonal oriel. A bow window forms the end wall facing the street. The oriel and second level of the bow front are clad with shingles, contrasting with the clapboard walls on the rest of the building. HP-19: 65 Federal Street (1856) This two-story, five-bay Bracketed-Italianate house sits with its gabled end wall on the street, and its hooded center entrance facing the side yard. The bracketed door hood and paired brackets below the eaves are the only stylistic elements that are visible despite aluminum siding.- HP-20: iding.HP-20: 63 Federal Street (1875) This distinguished two-story, three-bay Mansard house is representative of the high quality of local expressions of this style. Its facade is clad with scored flush boards in imitation of ashlar. A Neo-Grecque-inspired entry portico crowned with a pedimented oriel focuses attention on the center entry. Further enrichment is provided by pedimented lintels on the flanking first -story windows, and segmentally arched dormers which interrupt the projecting bracketed cornice with their volutes. The original cast iron fence completes the well preserved character of the house. HP-21: 59 Federal Street (c. 1850) An unpretentious Bracketed house two stories high with a tall gable facing the streEi. The three-bay facade is weighted to the left by the recessed sidehaTl entrance sheltered by a bracketed hood supporting an oriel. Variation of the simple window frames adds further visual interest: those on the first io,m N. IC, ]Oc, IRP'10-741 UNITED STATES DEPART%I I: ;Of TFIE [INTER IOR [ROE R N', jllSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK JtRVICE CEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM. IDATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 12 f3:oo,r,are-Ped=.:.ent-ed.,—secsad__f_laor rectangular, and the pair of gable windows are segmentally arched. Shiplap siding sets the facade off from the clapboard side walls. HP-22: 55-57 Federal Street (1836) This two-story, six-bay double house has a paired entry framed by a single entablature supported by three pilasters. A side ell, set well back, breaks its rigid symmetry. Built by Salem coachmaker Joshua Loring after a fire destroyed his previous house on the site, the house was occupied by Loring's family on one side, and his son-in-law's John D. Hunt, also a coachmaker, on the other. HP-23: 49 Federal Street (1873) This two-story Mansard house has an L-shaped plan with the entrance off a now- enclosed porch contained within .the L. The two-bay end wall facing the street is well balanced, with first floor windows crowned by segmentally arched lintels, and second floor windows set off by drip moldings. A single dormer punctuates the forward slope of the roof. Aluminum siding disguises some of the building's character. HP-24: 47 Federal Street (c. 1760 - 1790) A two-story,. gambrel-roofed Georgian house, set with its end wall abutting the street. Its five-bay facade faces a narrow side yard on the east. The only alteration to its simple form is the added entrance vestibule. The squat form emphasizes the contrast in proportions with its taller neighbors. HP-25: 45 Federal Street (c. 1850) A much-altered Bracketed-Italianate house, with an original form concealed by aluminum siding, a bulky addition at the front that hides the side entrance, and twin shed dormers. However, the unbroken original cornice suggests its former mass, and helps to continue the streetscape. HP-26: 43 Federal Street (c. 1870) A cousin to the house at 49 Federal Street (HP-23) , this building reflects the L-shaped mass crowned by a Mansard roof of its neighbor, as well as the sametwo-story, two-bay proportions. The corner of the ell at 1143 is chamfered, however, with its entrance set off by an angled porch. The first floor windows and single dormers on each roof slope have pedimented lintels, in contrast to the simpler horizontal projecting lintels of the second floor windows. The presence of the original cast iron fence partially compensates for the loss of character due to an application of aluminum siding. i o+m No 10-300, kpr. 10-7A1 UNIT EU STATES DEPART ME; IOF l FIE INTERIORFRE R N; USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK JcRVICE CEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES (DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 13 ' HP-27 41 1860) A straightforward two-story, double Italianate house, with its facade organized by a strong center axis. of double doors, with twin arched windows above, further emphasized by a cross-gable containing a lunette window. The entrance and .first floor windows are decorated with projecting, bracket-supported lintels, while the second floor windows have drip-molded lintels. The strong projecting cornice, resting on paired brackets, returns on the gable end walls. The original wrought iron fence is intact, although aluminum siding has been added to the building. HP-28: Tabernacle Church, 50-54 Washington Street (1923; Smith & Walker) The present granite Georgian Revival structure serves the same Congregational parish that has worshipped on this site since 1777. The two-story facade is a backdrop for a monumental projecting pedimented colonnade reached by a broad flight of steps. The three-tiered steeple sits on both the portico and the main mass. Its foursquare base is built of the same rough granite as the main structure, crowned by a wooden balustrade. A square wooden midsection is framed by double pilasters an a cornice, with a louvred arch in each face. The crowning cupola, also made of wood, is octagonal; with open arches alternating with panels, articulated by single pilasters. The bellcast roof is topped by a weathervane. tRev 1'0-741 UNITED STATES DEPARTNIE,_ )OF THE INTERIORrOR )JSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK ScRVICE ED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES I INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM `DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 14 Federal Street National Register District Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 32 Federal Street (26-413)0 1 County of Essex 32 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 40 Federal Street (26-413)0 1 County of Essex see above 50 Federal Street (26-413)' 1 County of Essex see above 54 Federal Street (26-412) 1 First Baptist Church 54 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 58 Federal Street (26-411) 2 Federal Street Trust Edward Mello et al, Trs. 6 Walsh Avenue Peabody, Mass. 01960 60 Federal Street (26-410) 1 Reuben Realty Trust David Rifkin et al, Trs: 60 Federal. Street Salem, Mass'. 01970 62 Federal Street (26-409) 2 Federal Street Trust see 58 Federal Street 41 Federal Street (26-414) 1 Federal Street Trust see above 43 Federal'Street (26-415) 1 Federal Street Trust see above 45 Federal Street (26-416) 2 Federal Street Trust see above- 47 Federal Street (26-417) 2 Robert B. Bowman 40 Wisteria Street Salem, Mass. 01970 LNITED STATES DEPARTMLE�' 'SOF THE INTERIOR [RE OR N }USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK x RVICE CEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES f INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM {DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A. PAGE 15 groper-t-v�ddsess�SAMd!) Importance Rating* Owne in 49 Federal Street (26-418) 1 49 Federal Street Trust Robert A. Ledoux et ali, Trs. 49 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 55-57 Federal Street (26-419) 1 J.T.Ronan Realty Trust James T. Ronan et al, Trs. 55 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 59 Federal Street (26-420) 1 Ronan & Harrington Realty Trust James T. Ronan et al, Trs. 59 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 63 Federal Street (26-421) 1 Agnes L. Carlin 63 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 65 Federal Street (26-422) 1 John R. & Ann M. Serafini 65 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 50 Washington Street (35-23) _ - 1 Tabernacle Church Proprietors 59 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. . Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district *Property already listed on National Register 1 a — 4�r IY � d �4 _-:ig 49,\ �m v !�E ♦aN _ TI [ �i _ ...._....._.moi'.. � � a tl` _ Y q L min... ww � Ra =, 431f 11 O � � ,.cif■ � .� �^� a C 1 ` tVi AM � . v. Z, h I_� w qr q:< c. • 1 G � .�2 MM ISM ., PIM ME T BMW M I_ _ {E Y W. "z P, 10 0 10 ttt 147 190-5 B R I p G E xax ----- S T R I `� ✓/ � �E ROUTE 107 130-5 �, 7 - 300 � > FIRST - r t. B ° gAL I � CHURCH ` circ C •H OURT ` y H.P. H,P, gpIRE D ti Y5 14 M _ ESSEX CO. H,P. H.Y. 13 17 PROBATE COURT 31.0 H.. ;P.H,P. 85-S azo-5 3z-eo F E p E R A I� �• i 0 ae I 1 F E 9 p E 3 R? A L 49 S, T"5R E E T;, ._N zzo-s 59 57 SO•S 57 p of 11. OH:P: H:P. 2 69 ce H.P. 22 H,2 4 2 P 6 27P 1 N 2 H.P. .,• 4.23 1 _ 2 4 �► 25 427 � 111 71— ?o I 42 ❑57 289 429 430 431 432 433 rfr1 22 S 20 .� 28-30 6 " 5 a5-S 40-S 3 n' L ��YzSN D-1 E. IB 16 A25 21 S T R E E T 4-6 2 SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS: FEDERAL STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT 1"=1001 HP 12 32 Federal Street HP 13 HP 17 40 Federal Street 60 Federal Street HP 14 HP 18 50 Federal Street 62 Federal Street HP 15 HP 19 54 Federal Street 65 Federal Street HP 16 HP 20 58 Federal Street 63 Federal Street r- FORM A - AREA SURVEY Form numbci in this arca ;%rea no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION HP-29 to HP-36 B Office of the Secretarv. State House. Boston Salem of area (if any) Crombie Street district 6� am i al ate Or period early' 14th cQnYury ll I is uniform(explain): I Ile? compatible mix f 11 dition? generally eood ie of ownership? private � - primarily residential !1, a a+, % n Epneral map of the area involved. Indicate any historic )�' .�-•• using corres- - " t -,and indicate north. - e 9901^ _�� ! !!• F-'�_f'-.^ �' 2:35 t-- 1 ll i i i - I � t3t, 466 ST DU Nut vv i, ,.. :.__ __ - , ,Crump USGS Quadrant Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority MHC Photo no. Date November 1979 (over) UTM Reference: 19/344110/4703120 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The Crombie Street Districtiscomposed.. of_.the eightremaining buildings of this downtown residential enclave. The district includes a cross-section of residential buildings from various periods of development, along with a church building originally built as a theater. The boundaries include the six buildings that face Crombie Street and the two buildings at the west end of Barton Square, adjacent to Crombie Street on the west. Cromb e reet was laid t-in Y865-by--Benjamin-Crombie—proprietor of o- avern--ca-led the Sign of the Ship, that stood on Essex Street east of his new street. Between 1805 and 1815, Crombie sold four house lots behind his tavern, as well as narrow strips of frontage on the street to three other landholders to the west. Only two of the houses standing today were built before Crombie sold the remaining property in 1819, but the district is shown intact on the 1851 map of the city. As the only surviving downtown residential group from the early 19th century, the houses on Crombie Street provide important information about the character of the city at that time. All the buildings directly abut the sidewalk, suggesting high density, but placement on the lots is irregular, creating a rural atmosphere. Wood is the dominant material, although the church (HP-34) and the Bowker House (HP-33) are brick, as is the Prince House (HP-36), which predates Crombie's activity. While architectural quality within the district is variable, three buildings clustered at its north end are all individually noteworthy. The Crombie Street Church (HP-34) , built as a theater in 1828, is the architectural highlight of the district. The Z monumental relieving arches of the facade define its composition and suggest the Federal style, but the panelled detailing of the broad piers separating these arches, along with the pair of quadrant windows in the gable and wide corner pilasters, introduce a newer Greek Revival influence. Neighboring the church stands the substantial Bowker House (HP-33) , built in the Federal style around 1810, and modernized by overlaid brownstone trimmings in 1860. The hybrid design is very successful, reinforcing the central importance of this house to the district. The Pierson House (HP-35) , facing Barton Square, is an unusually graceful vernacular Italianate residence, typical of the houses that lined Barton Square in the mid-19th century. HP-29: 18 Crombie Street (c. 1770; moved to site 1830) The origins of this two-story, gambrel-roofed Georgian house are unknown, but it was moved onto this site in 1830 by James Bott. The end wall faces the 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, U early maps, etc. a City of Salem tax records Essex County Registry of Deeds McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Pickman, Benjamin: "Account of Houses and Other Buildings in Salem in 17.93"„ Essex Institute Historical Collections, vol. VI, p. 93. Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. Fo,m No 10-30C3 `N IAev 10-741 UNITED STATES DEPARTME. ) OF THE INTERIOR FpR tv IUSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES LATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B- PAGE 16 street, and co ee-six=over-six-windows- t-i-eal-ly-alrig�ned-and-c-entered— on the wood-shingled wall. A narrow, simple framed doorway which crowds the right corner was probably added when the house was moved. A massive central chimney is readily visible from the street. A small ell with a shallow pitched roof extends to the left, set back fifteen feet from the front wall. HP-30: 16 Crombie Street (1831) This two-story, wood-frame vernacular Federal house is oriented to the left side of its lot, with its gable end on the street. The street elevation is very simple, with two windows on each floor level and a single gable window. Themoderately projecting cornice returns above plain corner boards. The side- elevation is symmetrically composed, with the classically framed entrance in the center of its five bays. Two gabled dormers face this side. Its modest architectural character is appropriate to the social and economic standing of the original owner, a painter and glazier named Samuel Ferguson. HP-31: 15 Crombie Street (c. 1810) This pleasant wood-frame Federal house was built by Joshua Loring, a chaise- maker. Two-and-one-half stories high, with a shallow hip roof, it faces end on the street, with its five-bay symmetrical facade on the south side of the lot. The delicate, classically detailed doorway at the center of the facade is the building's major decorative element; the overall composition demonstrates the restraint typical of the style. A rear ell, originally set back from the major wall plane of the facade, is now concealed by an open staircase and porch structure added when the building was converted to multifamily use. HP-32: 13 Crombie Street (c. 1830) The modest classical detailing around the doorways is the strongest stylistic element on this two-story, wood-frame house. The gable end faces the street, with two entrances located on the north side. The end wall is. framed by a sheer cornice and simple corner boards, with two windows on each floor and a single window in the gable. The side elevation creates the illusion of bilateral symmetry, although the elements are not as precisely aligned. The two doorways, one flush and the other contained in a small gabled projection, are balanced by pairs ofvertically .aligned windows. The building crowds its southern lot line, creating a generous side yard toward the north. HP-33: 9 Crombie Street (c. 1810, c. 1860) This two-and-one-half-story, red brick house was built before 1811 in the Federal style, and updated about 1860 with Italianate details. The sheer mass of the building, its shallow hipped roof and shortened attic windows are readily recognizable as characteristic of Federal architecture. The building sits with its end wall facing the street, and the entrance at the center of UNITEDSTATES DEPARTNIL. jOf THE INTERIOR FOR r.'"IOSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES `DATE ENTERED _ INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B PAGE 17 L1Ie-five-bay--side elevationBrBrown o linrelG, a bracketed cornice, and a heavy entry hood are the Italianate elements added in mid-century. .Built by Benjamin Crombie, the developer of the street, the building was soon tenanted and later purchased by Joel Bowker, one of Salem's leading merchants and entrepreneurs. Among his many accomplishments is the credit for intro- ducing anthracite coal to Salem. HP-34: Crombie Street Church (1828) This handsome red brick building was built as a theater in 1828 by J.W. Barton, proprietor of the adjacent tavern. When the theater failed after a.promising beginning, it was converted to a church in 1832. Its monumental facade is divided into three bays by relieving arches with broad piers articulated as panelled pilasters. The gable contains two demi-lunettes flanking a date stone. The arches contain arched windows at the second floor level, and a doorway in each end bay framed by a heavy wood entablature and pilasters. The transition from the Federal style to the Greek Revival is evident in the combination of strength and refinement exhibited in the design. The breadth _ of the monumental arcade and the doorways tempers the fundamental elegance of the facade. HP-35:" 13 Barton Square (1846) This elegant Italianate house is representative of the original residential - character .of Barton Square, which has now been eroded except along its western edge. Built in 1846 by Dr. E:B. Peirson, the house exhibits the full expression of this vernacular style. A full bracketed cornice separates the gab] from the two main stories. Twin arched gable windows, beneath a small continuous label molding, face Barton Square, while three bays of windows punctuate the flush board- siding. An open porch supported by pierced posts extends along the south side at the first floor level. A two-story, cross- gabled ell on the north side is set well back from the front wall, and contains the entrance, sheltered by a second porch. r->em Ho 10 ?OOa �� IB e• Ip-7 d1 � - L;NITEUSTATES DEP ARTML ! OF THE INTERIORfOR n )USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES `DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B PAGE 18 ' Crombie Street National Register District Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SAMO Importance Rating* Ownership 7 Crombie Street (26-448) 1 Crombie Street Congregational Church 7 Crombie Street . Salem, Mass. 01970 9' Crombie Street (26-448) 1 Crombie St. Congregational Church see above 13 Crombie Street (26-139) 1 Crombie St. Congregational Churcl see above 15 Crombie Street (26-449) 1 Crombie Street Realty Trust Norma A. Smigowski et ali, Trs. 15 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 16 Crombie Street (26-453) 1 Joanna M. & Mary W. Cass 16 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 18 Crombie Street (26-452) 1 Frances H. Wendt , 18 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 13 Barton Square (35-6) 1 Doering Trust 2 Oliver Street Salem, Mass. .01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district t Jul �- 11 INIIFI P I s. TOR Ellh � Ids 11 I ISIIFI a o e _ RimP TW 4 tz /I 12 -13_- F{ ,a I 0. .4 �( If 1 I � 5111 4 I ti �� _ u�'13T.Q�$1�PI 01110 FIf PFA00P5 — ' lil me � � k i • � sva 4 � 0� '9"3°""'4 •� titre= T-v�. a y w ,• /� m 204 _-_- , p E J S E X ' 207 4T6-201 S E 67f 275 63-2 301-30T 299 280-Z97-) 65 29 65-S 60-S C-) 62 84 35 Q 456 o 447 x m Lr) D p w cu Z i o _ m n N 456 z -N N ' c 459 -- -'- os 455 . m 60 N 34 v H.P. x 35 m q I' P. 3 _ n 1 461 45.4 x I - J _x m H,T.3� W - 462 H w I -29 m N w' 463 [] ,464 N 450 pq 45176 ISS-S 2> 36 117 26-32 100-5 NORMAN ST. 20-24 SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS: CROMBIE STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT 1"=100' HP 29 18 Crombie Street HP 30 16 Crombie Street HP. 31 15 Crombie Street HP 32 13 Crombie Street HP 33 9 Crombie Street - _ HP 34 7 Crombie Street HP 35 13 Barton Square a F M ^ --- 609 I S 10142 I 7P T E sios F E D E! R A LI - _ .,e . I- - ❑ .196 . - 00828 23 23,969 "I 22400 11 1 _ 10 1 el HP 51 s 52 DI N •4. Y 1L e 1 HP 50 = N.---— 1 r'y N •pn I Z -HP HP 212. E $ T. 64 390 - Ir240 Ir HP 49 'In HF 614 55 jg g42 DOWNTOWN SALEM NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICT � / •L4 ' SALEM MASSACHUSETTS '1983 1 'a HP 48 HP IZ a it 56 _ Y C 1 Y NA L 206 05RT HP L6 SB69 04 1 I `HP5 HP4 HP3 sn ae •�� E i ze e 45 . z.x 47 1.y� h _a8 - S $ .e. n HP 78 -:E I 80 617 zal»z z n IP 6013 -77 . HTHP 182 m _ >0 -HP4 x 84 Z HP 43 42 -.HP 59 .> FB 87 oo tlP D .. n 88 87 86 -z Ifl' cI _ _ 176 - O .p 2 HP 41 _ ~ ,1 HP 50 0 _ _ n IIP 75 'ill > �.-1— •o HP 73 e r t HPHP 40 - m- 70 72 - _ - HP �- >DP_TZY .g _ � 74 1' -HP 61 11x ..HP .' HP 62 - HPI tR bb Op 36700 39' 6� 66' 67 6 _� -� F R 0 'N 25' 'HP 38 - a >ee .� 420 9, N 6� nIAP 9820 �. FIRS 1 HP 63 _ I II 1 At.LEYe 42 _ 4 ca m - .429 o'rF 428 0 34,074 Q \ 4 603 II � xc se 419 „> 16,623 ,.. IN E W p 2 I (ORM A - AREA SURVEY Form number -:•t this area Area no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION HP-29 to HP-36 B Office of the Secretarv. State House. Boston It \ Salem - I of area (if any) Cronbie Street district i@ tal date or period early 19th century o=ff, �• ,a I ��:,� _ is uniform (explain): A. ■ 'u ' ile? compatible mix -� edition-f generally good _ ie of ownership? private - I r ! B? primarily residential nvy a L'pneral map of the area involved. Indirate any historic I 1 -•• using corres- . . l-" I. �'., `� ' '',gand indicate north. 9901 I 1 u► I Ii .. "-„ .. '^I is-• ' I .. I f T� L ,, I RP-34 a JAN e: �466 emir.}'% .F E::3 DO NUI wnu 1Crumn USGS Quadrant Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority MHC Photo no. Date November 1979 (over) UTM Reference: 19/344110/4709120 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The Crombie Street District is composed of the eight remaining buildings of this downtown residential enclave. The district includes a cross-section of residential buildings from various periods of development, along with a church building originally built as a theater. The boundaries include the six buildings that face Crombie Street and the two-buildings at the west end of Barton Square, adjacent to Crombie Street on the west. Crombie Street was laid out in 1805 by Benjamin Crombie, proprietor of a tavern called the Sign of the Ship, that stood on Essex Street east of his new street. Between 1805 and 1815, Crombie sold four house lots behind his tavern, as well as narrow strips of frontage on the street to three other landholders to the west. Only two of the houses standing today were built before Crombie sold the remaining property in 1819, but the district is shown intact on the 1851 map of the city. As the only surviving downtown residential group from the early 19th century, the houses on Crombie Street provide important information about the character of the city at that time. All the buildings directly abut the sidewalk, suggesting high density, but placement on the lots is irregular, creating a rural atmosphere. Wood is the dominant material, although the church (BP-34) and the Bowker House (HP-33) are brick, as is the Prince House (HP-36), which predates Crombie's activity. While architectural quality within the district is variable, three buildings clustered at its north end are all individually noteworthy. The Crombie Street Church (HP-34) , built as a theater in 1828, is the architectural highlight of the .district. The monumental relieving arches of the facade define its composition and suggest the Federal style, but the panelled detailing of the broad piers separating these arches, along with the pair of quadrant windows in the gable and wide corner pilasters, introduce a newer Greek Revival influence. Neighboring the church stands the substantial Bowker House (HP-33) , built in the Federal style around 1810, and modernized by overlaid brownstone trimmings in 1860. The hybrid design is very successful, reinforcing the central importance of this house to the district. The Pierson House (HP-35) , facing Barton Square, is an unusually graceful vernacular Italianate residence, typical of the houses that lined Barton Square in the mid-19th century. HP-29: 18 Crombie Street (c. 1770; moved to site 1830) The origins of this two-story, gambrel-roofed Georgian house are unknown, but it was moved onto this site in 1830 by James Bott. The end wall faces the 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, �? early maps, etc. City of Salem tax records Essex County Registry of Deeds McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Pickman, Benjamin: "Account of Houses and Other Buildings in Salem in 1793':, Essex Institute Historical Collections, vol. VI; p. 93. Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. r Famft 10.300a - ----Or 10741 UNITEU STATES DEP, OF THE INTERIOR FOR NF ONLY • NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B PAGE 16 street, and contains three six-over-six windows, vertically aligned and centered on the wood-shingled wall. A narrow, simple framed doorway which crowds the right corner was probably added when the house was moved. A massive central chimney is readily visible from the street. A small ell with a shallow pitched roof extends to the left, set back fifteen feet from the front wall. HP-30: 16 Crombie Street (1831) This two-story, wood-frame vernacular Federal house is oriented to the left side of its lot, with its gable end on the street. The street elevation is very simple, with two windows on each floor level and a single gable window. The moderately projecting cornice returns above plain corner boards. The side elevation is symmetrically composed, with the classically framed entrance in the center of its five bays. Two gabled dormers face this side. Its modest architectural character is appropriate to the social and economic standing of the original owner, a painter and glazier named Samuel Ferguson. HP-31: 15 Crombie Street (c. 1810) This pleasant wood-frame Federal house was built by Joshua Loring, a chaise- maker. Two-and-one-half stories high, with a shallow hip roof, it faces end on the street, with its five-bay symmetrical facade on the south side of the lot. The delicate, classically detailed doorway at the center of the facade is the building's major decorative element; the overall composition demonstrates the restraint typical of the style. A rear ell, originally set back from the major wall plane of the facade, is now concealed by an open staircase and porch structure. added when the building was converted to multifamily use. HP-32: 13 Crombie Street (c. 1830) The modest classical detailing around the doorways is the strongest stylistic element on this two-story, wood-frame house. The gable end faces the street, with two entrances located on the north side. The end wall is. framed by a sheer cornice and simple corner boards, with two windows on each floor and a single window in the gable. The side elevation creates the illusion of bilateral symmetry, although the elements are not as precisely aligned. The two doorways, one flush and the other contained in a small gabled projection, are balanced by pairs of vertically aligned windows. The building crowds its southern lot line, creating a generous side yard toward the north. HP-33: 9 Crombie Street (c. 1810, c. 1860) This two-and-one-half-story, red brick house was built before 1811 in the Federal style, and updated about 1860 with Italianate details. The sheer mass of the building, its shallow hipped roof and shortened attic windows are readily recognizable as characteristic of Federal architecture. The buildin„ sits with its end wall facing the street, and the entrance at the center of L\ITtUST ETES DtPARTN1E\�"•` F THE INTERIOR FOR NP..._ SE ONLY Y NATIONAL PARK SERVICE +� RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie-Street ITEM NUMBER B" PAGE 17 the five-bay side elevation. Brownstone lintels, a bracketed cornice, and a heavy entry hood are the Italianate elements added in mid-century. Built by Benjamin Crombie, the developer of the street, the building was soon tenanted and later purchased by Joel Bowker, one of Salem's leading merchants and entrepreneurs. Among his many accomplishments is the credit for intro- ducing anthracite coal to Salem. HP-34: Crombie Street Church (1828) This handsome red brick building was built as a theater in 1828 by J.W. Barton, proprietor of the adjacent tavern. When the theater failed after a promising beginning, it was converted to a church in 1832. 'Its monumental facade is divided into three bays by relieving arches with broad piers articulated as panelled pilasters. The gable contains two demi-lunettes flanking a date stone. The arches contain arched windows at the second floor level, and a doorway in each end bay framed by a heavy wood entablature and pilasters. The transition from the Federal style to the Greek Revival is evident in the combination of strength and refinement exhibited in the design. The breadth of the monumental arcade and the doorways tempers the fundamental elegance of. the facade. HP-35: 13 Barton Square (1846) This elegant Italianate house is representative of the original residential character .of Barton Square, which has now been eroded except along its western edge. Built in 1846 by Dr. E.B. Peirson, the house exhibits the full expression of this vernacular style. A full bracketed cornice' separates the gable from the two main stories. Thin arched gable windows, beneath a small continuous label molding, face Barton Square, while three bays of windows punctuate the flush board siding. An open porch supported by pierced posts extends along the south side at the first floor level. A two-story, cross- gabled ell on the north side is set well back from the front wall, and contains the entrance, sheltered by a second porch. Form bo 10.3008 Mi.,10-781 YF UNITED STATES DEPART,\1Eh OF THE. INTERIOR FOR NSE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B '~ w PAGE 18 - Crombie Street National Register District Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SAMA) Importance Rating* Ownership 7 Crombie Street (26-448) 1 Crombie Street Congregational Church 7 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 9' Crombie Street (26-448) 1 Crombie St. Congregational Church see above 13 Crombie Street (26-139) 1 Crombie St. Congregational Church see above 15 Crombie Street (26-449) 1 Crombie Street Realty Trust Norma A. Smigowski et ali, Trs. 15 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 16 Crombie Street (26-453) 1 Joanna M. & Mary W. Cass 16 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 18 Crombie Street (26-452) 1 Frances H. Wendt . 18 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 13 Barton Square (35-6) 1 Doering Trust 2 Oliver Street Salem, Mass. •01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district ALJ �._ loin 'r I LJ -a r ! } � z 'vw -s as 'itir �, d / PMI, `Y y -.. ° S'i'G.• ` - .r., s ? 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'x"."'e: . �'k ,a°-,��.t.s�.�s :F�•+;t+moi r.*.�ay.�x:�[.^' r 510PJ�y ar,# tcum mn uuron a3�e47 ' '.CSSS moi.�T �d i�+. ?VT�S' .� 1" —.. ��l♦ }•:aal�� x ,�"•pI�$ �"K.�,.-40' -. PMS 1. 'i -'�`��°,�cq`'y m 204 t • E S E X 6 77-- T - 8 eel Y76-YPI S ST, E 'zl 265 301-307 .. Y9P 200�'L97 - 65 29 65–S 60-5 62 64 55 458 0447 �. n N 3 0 u 456 � C: +459 - - —— —— 455 . os , m .•. H.P.- o 6034 c m A H.P. 35 m 0 3 _ Ln 1 J 461 454 � x X J Im H.P.3� • f H.P. 7 462 . H. w I u 29 `" .uU Lam — m N Y w 463 X464 y 450 Q [451 76 3� 117 - - NORMAN 2e-32 100-s S.T. -- -- zo-za -71 SALEM MASSACHUSETTS: CROMBIE STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT 111=100' HP 29 18 Crombie Street HP 30 16 Crombie Street HP. 31 15 Crombie Street HP 32 13 Crombie Street HP 33 9 Crombie Street HP 34 7 Crombie Street HP 35 13 Barton Square FOR ',t A - Ar; !: .\ C" UtIVEY Form nu-75ers in the zlz'est Area no" MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COAMMISSION UP-1-9 to IIP-2-3 A Office of the Secretarv. State House. Boston A .1 Salem of area (if any) Federal Street district al date or period 19th century, esp. third quarter a uniform (explain): le? compatible mix dition? generally good e of ownership? public & private ? residential & institutional -ate any historic using corres- nd indicate north- U r, V OX pp- t7 I : Fo 7. v! T I T E HP 44P P'H, r1w i -42, 4i, n-g7 1� L 494 44 ,-2 ...... y. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE 6. Recorded by A. Crump USGS Quadrant Organization Salem Redevelopment Authorit: MHC Photo no. Date November 1979 (over) 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The block of Federal Street between Washington and North Streets is set apart from the rest of the street; on the east by the width of Washington Street and urban renewal clearance, and on the west, by a sharp bend in the course of the street coupled with a change to a more uniform residential character. The Federal Street District is therefore a self-contained block, characterized by contrasts of scale, architectural style and use which successfully synthesize into a single entity. No voids or intrusions disrupt the integrity of the district. The first phase of development of the block was predominantly residential, as was most of downtown Salem. However, by 1810 both churches in the district were occupying their present sites, introducing the institutional charcter that dominates the block today. The Tabernacle Church of 1923(HP-28) , facing the corner of Washington Street, postdates the rest of the district, but a Congregational church has stood on that site since 1777. The First Baptist Church of 1805 (HP-15) , near the other end of the district, is the oldest brick meetinghouse in Salem, and one of only fifty brick structures that stood in the city in 1806. The original Federal design was overlaid with Italianate detail in 1850, integrating the building into the predominantly mid-century character of the district. Three of the twelve houses on the block also represent this early period of development: the Georgian house at number 47 (HP-24) , the small Federal house at number 60 (HP-17) , and a Greek Revival duplex at 55-57 Federal Street (HP-22). In 1841, a new granite Essex County Courthouse (HP-12) was built on the nort4 corner of Washington Street. It was followed twenty years later by a red brick Superior Courthouse (HP-13) which was in turn enlarged and remodelled in 1889. Complementary residential development progressed simultaneously, and the district's residential character reflects the popular styles of the mid-19th century. Three handsome Mansard houses (HP-20, 23, 26) in particular translate the monumentality of the courthouses into domestic terms, and establish a dynamic-interrelationship. Five houses between the Superior Courthouse and the First Baptist Church were cleared to make room for a new Registry of Deeds (HP-14) in 1909. Construction of the Registry enhanced the dichotomy of scale already evident on the street. It also marked the close of development of the street, except for the replacement of the Tabernacle Church with a new structure of similar size and scale. the contrast of the monumental institutional buildings on the north side of the street with the row of houses facing them defines the character of the district. Among both groups, however, a diversity of styles is represented. The Federal- Italianate hybrid style of the First Baptist Church, combined with the Greek Revival, 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc. Essex County Registry of Deeds Essex Institute research files Historic Salem Inc. research files Hopkins, G.M. & Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1874. McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Salem Gazette, February 4, 1806 and March 30, 1850. Salem Register, January 2, 1806 and August 26, 1850. Sanborn Map Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906, corrected to 1929. Form N, 10-3000 _ Lieu 10-741 \ l KITED STATES vE-PAKTNIEtiT O� THE INTLRIOR :CR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PAR(, SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 10 Romanesque Revival and Classical Revival courthouses, represent a broad range of -19th century styles interpreted for institutional use. The residential buildings demonstrate a similar variety of 19th century styles, unified by a consistency of design quality. All are ambitious vernacular examples of their styles, expressing understanding and confidence without innovation. The Nathaniel Treadwell House at number 63 (HP-20) is especially noteworthy for competent execution of a sophisticated concept, in exceptionally well preserved condition. This district is an expansion of a district containing only the three Essex County buildings that was listed on the National Register in 1976. Listing of the larger district will better protect the environment of the courthouses, aswell as provide an 'increased understanding of their context. HP-12: Old Essex County Courthouse (1841; Richard Bond) This distinguished granite Greek Revival building was listed on the National Register'in 1976. HP 13: Essex County Superior Courthouse (1862, 1889; Enoch_ Fuller, and Wheelwright and Northend) Originally Italianate in style, the present appearance of this red brick building trimmed in brownstone dates from its remodelling in the Romanesque _ Revival style. It was listed on the National Register in 1976- HP-14: Essex County Registry of Deeds (1909; Clarence H. Blackall) This monumental granite Classical Revival building was listed on the I.. National Register in 1976. HP-15: First Baptist Church (1805, 1850) The present appearance of this handsome brick meetinghouse reflects the cosmetic alterations made in 1850 in a rusticated Italianate manner, as well as revealing the original Federal-style form of the structure_ Ttie pedimented facade is dominated by a projecting pavilion that expresses the narthex. Its three bays are articulated as an English basement containing three identical entrances framed in heavy rusticated brownstone. A belt course separates this basement from a principal story composed of tall arched windows capped by drip-molded brownstone. A lunette window is the centerpiece of the strongly projecting modillioned pediment, which is echoed in the visible outline of the sanctuary wall some ten feet behind it. An elaborate steeple was taken down earlier in this century. The building is further distinguished by its siting, placed seventy feet back on its lot with a pleasant treed lawn separating the church from its neighbors. The meetinghouse was recorded as one of only fifty brick buildings standing in Salem in 1806. Despite the change in its appearance, its material and location preserve the integrity of this aspect of its significance. Moreover, its Italianate trimmings render it a FW.ND 10-300a W" 10-761 '`\ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NFIS USE OriLY NATIONAL PA-YK S_RVICIE P.ECEI:cD NATIONAL,REGISTER.OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTI NUATtON SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 11 rare example of the expression of this style in public buildings, and effectively complements the array of institutional styles presented by the Essex County buildings. 58 Federal Street c. 1850 EP-16: ( ) A vernacular five-bay, two-story center entry Greek Revival house, with three pedimented dormers facing the street, and a typically modest frontispiece of entablature and pilasters. An indication of the newer Italianate style can be seen in diminutive brackets punctuating the cornice- UP-17: 60 Federal Street (c. 1810) A simple Federal cottage two stories high and squarely proportioned, with a three-bay facade and shallow hip 'roof. The single story entrance porch is recessed at the left corner of the facade, and .screened by latticework- RP-18: , 62 Federal Street (c. 1900) This two-story vernacular Colonial Revivaf house has an L-shaped plan, with the entrance located at the inside corner, beneath a- projected hexagonal oriel. A bow window forms the end wall facing the street. - he oriel and second level of the bow front are clad with shingles, contrasting with the clapboard walls on the rest of the building. = HP-19: 65 Federal Street (1856) This two-story, five-bay Bracketed-Italianate house sits with its gabled end fF. wall on the street, and its hooded center entrance facing the side yard. The bracketed door hood and paired brackets below the eaves are the only stylistic elements that are visible despite aluminum siding. HP-20: 63 Federal Street (1875) This distinguished two-story, three-bay Mansard house is representative of the high quality of local expressions of this style. Its facade is clad with scored flush boards in imitation of ashlar. A Neo-Grecque-inspired entry portico crowned with a pedimented oriel focuses attention on the center entry. Further enrichment is provided by pedimented lintels on the flanking first story windows, and segmentally arched dormers which interrupt the projecting bracketed cornice with their volutes. The original cast iron fence completes the well preserved character of the house. HP-21: 59 Federal Street (c. 1850) An unpretentious Bracketed house two stories high with a tall gable facing the street. The three-bay facade is weighted to the left by the recessed sidehall entrance sheltered by a bracketed hood supporting an oriel. Variation of the simple window frames adds further visual interest: those on the first Form N, 10J00a UNITLU STATES DEPARTMENT O: THF INTERIOR F 13 Nps USE ONLY NATIONAL PAR SERV:C= RECEEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORM 1DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 12 floor are pedimented, second floor rectangular, and the pair of gable windows are segmentally arched. Shiplap siding sets the facade off from the clapboard side walls. HP-22: 55-57 Federal Street (1836) This two-story, six-bay double house has a paired entry framed by a single entablature supported by three pilasters. A side ell, set well back, breaks its rigid symmetry. Built by Salem coachmaker Joshua Loring after a fire destroyed his previous house on the site, the house was occupied by Loring's family on one side, and his son-in-law'sJohn D. Hunt, also a coachmaker, on the other. HP-23: 49 Federal Street (1873) This two-story Mansard house has an L-shaped plan with the entrance off a now- enclosed porch contained within the L. The two-bay -end wall facing the street is well balanced, with first floor windows crowned by segmentally arched lintels, and second floor windows set off by drip mgldings. A single dormer punctuates the forward slope of the roof. Aluminum siding disguises some of the building's character. _ HP-24: 47 Federal Street (c. 1760 - 1790) A two-story,. gambrel-roofed Georgian house, set with its end wall abutting the street. Its five-bay facade faces a narrow side yard on the east. The only alteration' to its simple form is the added entrance vestibule. The squat form emphasizes the contrast in proportions with its taller neighbors. HP-f5: 45 Federal Street (c. 1850) A much-altered Bracketed-Italianate house, with an original form concealed by aluminum siding, a bulky addition at the front that hides the side entrance, do and twin shed rmers. However, the unbroken original cornice suggests its former mass, and helps to continue the streetscape. HP-26: 43 Federal Street (c. 1870) A cousin to the house at 49 Federal Street (HP-23) , this building reflects the L-shaped mass crowned by a Mansard roof of its neighbor, as well as the same two-story, two-bay proportions. The corner of the ell at 843 is chamfered, however, with its entrance set off by an angled porch_ The first floor windows and single dormers on each roof slope have pedimented lintels, in contrast to the simpler horizontal projecting lintels of the second floor windows. The presence of the original cast iron fence partially compensates for the loss of character due to an application of aluminum siding. Form No 10-]OCa ' 10 ev.10-741 ' UN I TED STATES DEPART AENT OF TFIE INTERIOR FOR r.PS USE rJNLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICc RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM (DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 13 HP-27: 41 Federal Street (c. 1860) A straightforward two-story, double Italianate house, with its facade organized by a strong center axis, of double doors, with twin arched windows above, further emphasized by a cross-gable containing a lunette window. The entrance and first floor windows are decorated with projecting, bracket-supported lintels, while the second floor windows have drip-molded lintels. The strong projecting cornice, resting on paired brackets, returns on the gable end walls. The original wrought iron fence is intact, although aluminum siding has been added to the building. HP-28: Tabernacle Church, 50-54 Washington Street (1923; Smith & Walker) The present granite Georgian Revival structure serves the same Congregational parish that has worshipped on this site since 1777. The two-story facade is a backdrop for a monumental projecting pedimpnted colonnade reached by a broad flight of steps. The three-tiered steeple sits on both the portico . and the main mass. Its foursquare base is built of the same rough granite as the main structure, crowned by a wooden balustrade. A square wooden midsection is framed by double pilasters and a cornice, with a louvred arch in each face. The crowning cupola, also made of wood, is octagonal, with open arches alternating with panels, articulated by-'single pilasters. The bellcast roof is topped by a weathervane. Fw. No 10 300a �\ Wev 10-7-) \ L `ITER ST AT LS DEPARTMENT OE THE INTERIOR FO= r:=, USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK S=RVIC: ' I � � , u NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES P INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM oar-_ ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMEIER A PAGE 14 Federal Street National Register District Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 32 .Federal Street (26-413)0 1 County of Essex 32 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 40 Federal Street (26-413)° 1 Couaty of Essex see above 50 Federal Street (26-413)0 1 County of Essex see above 54 Federal Street (26-412) 1 First Baptist Church 54 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 58 .Federal Street (26-411) 2 Federal Street Trust Edward Mello et al, Trs. 6 Walsh Avenue Peabody, Mass. 01960 60 Federal Street (26-410) 1 Reuben Realty Trust David Rifkin et al, Trs. 60 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 . k 62 Federal Street (26-409) 2 Federal Street Trust see 58 Federal Street 41 Federal Street (26-414) 1 Federal Street Trust see above 43 Federal Street (26-415) 1 Federal Street Trust see above - 45 Federal Street (26-416) 2 Federal Street Trust see above 47 Federal Street (26-417) 2 Robert B. Bowman 40 Wisteria Street Salem, Mass. 01970 F0'M No 10-300a IRev 10.741 �\ L NIl ED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR N?S USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK. SER`/ICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM (DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Federal Street ITEM NUMBER A PAGE 15 Property Address (SAMA) Importance Rating* Ownership 49 Federal Street (26-418) 1 49 Federal Street Trust Robert A. Ledoux. et ali, Trs. 49 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 55-57 Federal Street (26-419) 1 J.T.Ronan Realty Trust James T. Ronan et al, Trs. 55 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 59 Federal Street (26-420) 1 Ronan & Harrington Realty Trust James T. Ronan et al, Trs. 59 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 63 Federal_ Street (26-421) 1 Agnes L. Carlin 63 Federal Street — Salem, Mass. 01970 65 Federal Street (26-422) 1 John R. & Ann M.. Serafini 65 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 50 Washington Street (35-23) 1 Tabernacle Church Proprietors 59 Federal Street Salem, Mass. 01970 l *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. Contributing,to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district Property already listed on National Register :_� `'t _ _ _ ,� �:��: r7.: �' J 1 IE� d f � �� , � �� . 4 " :� � �.. r v -.i.,-s"�„ a to +` ' �- c F1 C_ �'Y�,�l . .Y' �� <2'u �' �' _ � hf "�� . i -,� t .mss. � ,-'-�'.1 �� .: r s' v _ }g�r _ �.;. " r ' .`�'^ 1, .n' { +. {��,"2 {¢�,{'11 � - t � �� Y�c � � i 8,'',1!{1,{�.LLI�� J��a.. ` : r c_'-''1,'r"¢�F�� F� a�c o .w a. �. r+^.' 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MASSACIIUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION H'-29 to Ira-36 B Office of the Secretarv, State House, Boston (� Salem an if area of ( Y) Cronbie Street district I� y • 3 - - tii • s ' al date or period early 19th century >� i$ a uniform (explain)_ e? compatible mix 1 dition? kenerally eood of ownership? private " �•t1^tY ti; P l —S� - - _ iK�-"--ter' � —moi l�••�" _.- ��- ? primarily residential dicate any historic 1 Ri t t F, using corres- �: ---L ) and indicate north. 5231cJ ,,1 f+��--_ .,JI __ — �' :!rr..:1~'..'�r..a—F.� m •t w-r`._" 1 i Jid 1 4- :::.-- .50 � '4 t---� �ti. 1 11 v 1 / iis DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE 6. Recorded by A. Crumn USGS Quadrant Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority MHC Photo no. Date November 1979 (over) 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. The Crombie Street District is composed of the eight remaining buildings of this downtown residential enclave. The district includes a cross-section of residential buildings from various periods of development, along with a church building originally built as a theater. The boundaries include the six buildings that face Crombie Street and the two buildings at the west end of Barton Square, adjacent to Crombie Street on the west. Crombie Street was laid out in 1805 by Benjamin Crombie, proprietor of a tavern-called the Sign of the Ship, that stood on Essex Street east of his new street. Between 1805 and 1815, Crombie sold four house lots behind his tavern, as well as narrow strips of frontage on the street to three other landholders to the west. Only two of the houses standing today were built before Crombie sold the remaining property in 1819, but the district is shown intact on the 1851 map of the city. As the only surviving downtown residential group from the early 19th century, the houses on Crombie Street provide important information about the character -of the city at that time. All the buildings directly abut the sidewalk, suggesting high density, but placement on the lots is irregular, creating a rural atmosphere. Wood is the dominant material, although the church (HP-34) and the Bowker House (HP-33) are brick, as is the Prince House (HP-36) , which predates Crombie's activity. .While architectural quality within the district is variable, three buildings clustered of its north end are all individually noteworthy. The Crombie Street Church (HP-34), built as a theater in 1828, is the architectural highlight_of the district. The monumental relieving arches of the facade define its composition and suggest the Federal style, but the panelled detailing of the broad piers separating these arches, - along with the pair of quadrant windows in the gable and wide corner pilasters, introduce a newer Greek Revival influence. Neighboring the church stands the substantial Bowker House (HP-33), built in the Federal style around 1810, and modernized by overlaid brownstone trimmings.in 1860. The hybrid design is very successful, reinforcing the central importance of this house to the district. The Pierson House (HP-35) , facing Barton Square, is an unusually graceful vernacular Italianate residence, typical of the houses that lined Barton Square in. the mid-19th century. HP V.-29: 18 Crombie Street (c. 1770; moved to site 1830) The origins of this two-story, gambrel-roofed Georgian house are unknown, but it was moved onto this site in 1830 by James Bott. The end wall faces the 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc. City of Salem tax records Essex County Registry of Deeds McIntyre, H. : Map of the City of Salem, 1851. Pickman, Benjamin: "Account of Houses and Other Buildings in Salem .in 1793',', Essex Institute Historical Collections, vol. VI, p. 93. Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. Fo.m No 10 300a . . -, .. .. .. - . . _ •._.,. 10ee .10-741 N UN I TLDSTATES UtPARTMENT OF THE INTEXIUK FOR W S USF ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ` INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM `o ATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B PAGE 16 street, and contains three six-over-six windows, vertically aligned and- centered on the wood-shingled wall. A narrow, simple framed doorway which crowds the right corner was probably added when the house was moved. A massive central chimney is readily visible from the street. A small ell with a shallow pitched roof extends to the left, set back fifteen feet from the front wall. HP-30: 16 Crombie Street (1831) This two-story, wood-frame vernacular Federal house is oriented to the left side of its lot, with its gable end on the street. The street elevation is very simple, with two windows on each floor level and a single gable window. The moderately projecting cornice returns above plain corner boards. The side. elevation is symmetrically composed, with the classically framed entrance in the center of its five bays. Two gabled dormers face this side. Its mode;'t architectural character is appropriate to the social and economic standing of the original owner, a painter and glazier named Samuel Ferguson. HP-31: 15 Crombie Street (c. 1810) This pleasant wood-frame Federal house was built by Joshua Loring, a chaise- maker. Two-and-one-half stories high, with a shallow hip roof, it faces end on the street, with its five-bay symmetrical facade on the south side of the lot. The delicate, classically detailed doorway at the center of the facade is the building's major decorative element; the overall composition _ demonstrates the restraint typical of the style. A rear ell, originally set back from the major wall plane of .the facade, is now concealed by an open staircase and porch structure added when the building was converted to multifamily use. HR-32: 13 Crombie Street (c. 1830) The modest classical detailing around the doorways is the strongest stylistic element on this two-story, wood-frame house. The gable end faces the street, with two entrances located on the north side. The end wall is_ framed by a sheer cornice and simple corner boards, with two windows on each floor and a single window in the gable. The side elevation creates the illusion of bilateral symmetry, although the elements are not as precisely aligned. The two doorways, one flush and the other contained in a small gabled projection, are balanced by pairs of vertically aligned windows. The building crowds its southern lot line, creating a generous side yard toward the north. HP--33: 9 Crombie Street (c. 1810, c. 1860) This two-and-one-half-story, red brick house was built before 1611 in the Federal style, and updated about 1860 with Italianate details. The sheer mass of .the building, its shallow hipped roof and shortened attic windows are readily recognizable as characteristic of Federal architecture. The building sits with its end wall facing the street, and the entrance at the center of Gorn No 70300a 01,• 10-741 l `I ! ED STATES DLPARTMENT OF THE INTE RtUP =p, C4 PS BSc .^ ;L7 NATION;�L p:Rv Sc P.VICE T CLC IV E-D NATIONAL.REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES I INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM OATEENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B PAGE 17 the five-bay side elevation. Brownstone lintels, a bracketed cornice, and a heavy entry hood are the Italianate elements added in mid-century. Built by Benjamin Crombie, the developer of the street, the building was soon tenanted and later purchased by Joel Bowker, one of Salem's leading merchants and entrepreneurs. Among his many accomplishments is the credit for intro- ducing anthracite coal to Salem. HP-34: Crombie Street Church (1828) This handsome red brick building was built as a theater in 1828 by J_W. Barton, proprietor of the adjacent tavern. When the theater failed after a promising beginning, it was converted to a church in 1832. Its monumental facade is divided into three bays by relieving arches with broad piers articulated as panelled pilasters. The gable contains two demi-lunettes flanking a date stone_ The arches contain arched windows at the second floor level, and a doorway in each end bay framed by a heavy wood entablature and pilasters. The transition from the Federal style to the Greek Revival is evident in the combination of strength and refinement exhibited in the design. The breadth - of the monumental arcade and the doorways tempers the fundamental elegance of the facade. HP-35: 13 Barton Square (1846) This elegant Italianate house is representative of the original residential - character -of Barton Square, which has now been eroded except along its western edge. Built in 1846 by Dr. E:B. Peirson, the house exhibits the full expression of this vernacular style. A full bracketed cornice separates the gab from the two main stories. Twin arched gable windows, beneath a small 1 continuous label molding, face Barton Square, while three bays of windows. punctuate the flush board siding. An open porch supported by pierced posts extends along the south side at the first floor level. A two-story, cross- gabled ell on the north side is set well back from the front wall, and contains the entrance, sheltered by a second porch. HP-36: 263-265 Essex Street (1763) The section of this building facing Essex Street was built by merchant John Derby as a wedding gift for his daughter and John Prince in 1763. A wood-f rime ell joined the red brick townhouse to a modest wooden house facing Barton Square in the mid-19th century. The combined structures complete the west end of Barton Square, and create an effective shield for the buildings on Crombie Street against the commercial character of Essex Street. While the Georgian townhouse has been modified to accommodate co—ercial uses, the Barton Square face maintains the residential scale and character of the district. Form No 10.3003 - Mew'10-741 LNIT`tD STATES DEPART,\IENT O: THE INTtRIOR FOR NPS US=- ONLY NATIONAL PARK ScRVIC= RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORM DaTeENT=RED CONTINUATION NUATION SHEET Crombie Street ITEM NUMBER B PAGE 18 Crombie Street National Register District Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SANK) Importance Rating* Ownership 7 Crombie Street (26-448) 1 Crombie Street Congregational Church 7 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 9' Crombie Street (26-448) 1 Crombie St. Congregational Churc see above 13 Crombie Street (26-139) 1 Crombie St. Congregational Churc see above 15 Crombie Street (26-449) 1 Crombie Street Realty Trust _ Norma A. Smigowski et ali, Trs. 15 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 16 Crombie Street (26-453) 1 Joanna M. & Mary W. Cass 16 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 18 Crombie Street (26-452) 1 Frances H. Wendt . 18 Crombie Street Salem, Mass. 01970 13 Barton Square (35-6). 1 Doering Trust 2 Oliver Street Salem, Mass. .01970 263-265 Essex Street (26-445) 2 R.M.Shribman & I.R.Frye 101 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district 2. Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district r ■■�' T�A k t". [[ ` ■■�4a c x v 5 rte' �,..� �•. � �_ y x 5 __— HIM Ijr F L P - X=.-irk�� '�.`�'a�e•.'... �.� ..�.+'�, r�.y �._Zz PTT " r. J iI 00 j. K1c." s C; tf FL . Y � �\ I.•syy ��F� Et �� Yom • �,,�,` + t 1 4'ctX -•1'L^ �w•• 41 C' �V �f f tell Bli Nil a -e `. .sF�uxS��.ac�.x,7s ++ �• .sfk'}{ `J.Y R's s75�a�- �y�T S•?y��. AV `. Q. � • y 7r�T s �Es :. ;h �/-+^ cL �'. .• _x * �t .•� f.. �,�� t�_-_'3yw�- 641. .,; -.� �a X`�ff �-� y'- `�C !;�""-st`�-•s��e, Yt21+��j`,�rlt�^�-: .yry" •sem'+ O �Q {}a WpCwtm6WW.,, ::: r Z aS= ke x '+.+•nr4 yx � t e4 ,� �afy..,a �..". 1 Zn°s 4 +pF'� ,.,t 'a� y.. i= mow► '�"'-.may y.t+�a�`9Ra�i"..�' �:�� 'r ..y.�- 1 ti:iu• HP-11 ,r PO 't".•. B - BUILDT\ GinI r-=-a no- "rurrn m). D1ASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL CODIDIISSION 26 441 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston iSalem I ss S North Street Weslev Methodist Church nt use Church - Wesley Methodist Church nt o%% er c/o C.A. Currie .. 12 Lee Street r iption: Saler, Mass. 01970 z �,,v t3q 31 4. _ .Yti ;/'\�+, s_ i� 1889 E _ ii�iWW —C-. �, _ai..�- I � I;� � � . � rce Newspapers �- 1— Romanesque Revival s. iviap. ijraty sKetcn of ouilaing location Architect Lawrence B. Valk in relation to nearest cross streets and • 1, -. Exterior vaall fabric Brick V L:... M i .....,. •, ., Outbuildings (describe) s [ o " A l i-" [[r r [ Other features 'J � •fes — 1 ;d Altered Parish Hall added Date c. 1910 n tl t-, Moved Date ) ,+F 5. Lot size: 30,300 sq. ft. I � one acre or less Over one acre AZ? 11 .,L�. ! Approximate frontage 164 ft. Approximate distance of building from street [SSER 1_ „ 5 • e�r 5 ft. 1 ,o. 6. Recorded by A. Crum?/P. Bailey 1,,E In 9j: C . 1 ', „j, •,�e�. ..�', t � .i � I Organization SRA/Historic Salem Inc. } I ' i Date November 1979 (over) 7. Original owner (if known) Wesley Methodist Church Original use Church Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Wesley Methodist Church is a locally unique example of the Romanesque Revival style church architecture that was popularized throughout the Boston area by H.H. Richardson and his many accomplished disciples. Built in 1889, the building's red brick walls, brownstone trim and steeply pitched grey slate roof are typical of its date and style. Its Roman cross plan terminates in an apse flanked by sideaisles at the street, with a square corner tower on the north side marking the entrance. A 135-foot steeple designed to sit on this tower j was never built. A round arch motif dominates the composition, appearing throughout the fenestration. The form of the cupola which marks the-crossing of the nave and transepts is echoed atop elongated colonnettes marking-the corners of the tran- septs and balancing the entry tower. The well preserved sanctuary is the building's most notable feature, dintinguished by its theatrical-style sloping, floor. Interior trusswork is bridged with a corru- gated iron ceiling, originally painted sky blue. A more typical design element is the double-hung stained glass partition system dividing the sanctuary from the vestry. Thi, most serious alteration has been conversion to a center aisle pew configuration. The little-known`architect was Lawrence B. Valk, of New York City. Foreman Robert G. Norton, who supervised the church's construction, advertised as an architect in city directories following its completion. The building's.importance is enhanced by the destruction of .most local development from this period in the Great Fire of 1914, leaving Wesley Methodist as a rare example of the Romanesque Revival style in Salem.. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Salem Evening News, February 16, 1889 EP-10 o- FO '- -.! B - B l i I l- D 1 S G .' Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 26 459 .460 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston n Salem y ess 5-9 Summer Street _ 9 4 e r, ent use Residential - r I _ i, s aures o o is s e aFr. TI ent owner W/W Margaret Solovickos ummer Street r ription_ Salem, Mass. 01970 t # 1834 1 i, ounce Taxrecords Greek Revival 4. 141ap. Draw sketch of building location Architect in relation to nearest cross streets and , other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Brick i � i 1 Outbuildings (describe) �j . .-� T Other features 49311 �t a 1 •u.,w1, entered Date !+'~ — ..... �, Moved Date C. ' '1' 5. Lot size 8.5I9 sq. ft. One acre or less Over one acre �. �. Approximate frontage 97 ft. Approximate distance of building from street 3 ft. 4-67 , r---} —' 6. Recorded by A. Crump I Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority i 1 Date November 1979 �: 7. Original owner (if known) Capt. Nathaniel West Original use Residential Subsequent uses (if any) and dates B. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political x Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) 1 The handsume red brick residential block at 5-9 Summer Street is important both as an urbane expression of the Greek Revival style, and through association with two prominent local figures, Nathaniel West and William Cogswell. The three, three-story rowhouses maintain a unified appearance. Each is three bays wide, with a recessed side entry marked by a wood Ionic portico. The pitched roof line is continuous, but the single dormer and twin chimneys have been removed from number 9 and its original grey slate roof has been replaced by asphalt shingles. An original wrought iron fence enclosing a narrow areaway sits on a granite sill which matches the steps and basement of the row. . The block was built in 1834 by Nathaniel West, one of Salem's leading merchant captains who commanded a privateer during the Revolution and was active in trade with the Far East. It was later the home of William Cogswell, a Civil War general who served as a member of Congress and as Mayor of Salem. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Essex County Registry of Deeds Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. , RP-9 FOR `±I I1 11 VIL1)?NC; Pi Are, no. Form i;:). MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 26 462 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston -Zvn. Salem r. . ress 15 Summer Street r 1 i > e sent use Office Bay Realty Trust sent owner Thomas W. Burke, Tr. 5324M Camelot Dr. -- cription_ Fairfield, Ohio 45014 _�— a 1867-68 39a� ounce Tax records - e Colonial Revival Y, ivialJ. 1JL"sv Jl♦GlGll Vl au,iulu(j ivl.oaavu ` cal ohiteet in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Wood Outbuildings (describe) 431: s ' e•. ��'� It `.. Other features 412 4-0 439 { 1 •.r c • n_ i 3 tw! Altered Date Moved Date ns ., 5. Lot size- 8,160 sq. ft. � '. •— Y"_—� . . One acre or less Over one acre = ` Approximate frontage 71 ft. 77 a"� a Approximate distance of building from street ` j 12 ft. - -, `J_ y~ i 6. Recorded by A. Crump Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority i Date November 1979 E r - 7. Original owner (if known) John P. Peabody Original use Residential Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The residence built by Salem merchant John P. Peabody at 15 Summer Street in 1868 prefigures the emergence of the Colonial Revival style as a popular expression of patriotism in conjunction with the nation's Centennial celebration. A grey slate gambrel roof dominates the composition of the two-story, three--bay facade. The central emphasis created by the fanlit doorway, framed by a square portico, is reinforced by the rhythmic bay configuration of the central second story window, and by the interruption of the pattern of the pedimented dormers with a single segmental pediment at the center. .1 While the stylistic character of the building is primarily Colonial Revival, the contrast of the shiplap facade with clapboard side walls in conjunction with a broken pitch roof belies its derivation from the prevalent Mansard idiom. The generous setback from .the street is unusual for its downtown location, and serves as an effective transition to the predominantly residential neighborhood across Summer Street. John P. Peabody was a prosperous dry goods merchant whose business was prominently located in the center of Town House Square. He was also the publisher of 4Peabody's Fireside Favorite, a literary monthly. Peabody's socisl standing, combined with the presence of distinguished Colonial prototypes in the immediate vicinity, create a comprehensible context for the appearance of this Stylistic expression well in advance of its popularization. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, _ early maps, etc.) City Directories Essex county Registry of Deeds HP-7 FOR?.l B - Bt'TT, DING in Area no. Corin n MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 26 438 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston - - - - - - n Salem f ress 284-296 Essex Street f e YMCA - 1 I J sent use Institutional - ate' - -' - � 1 C Salem YMCA sent owner 288 Essex Street —� Salem, Mass. 01970 cription: irkr---- = -1 t — � 1898 ounce Newspapers - e Classical Revival Y. wap. ui - w J LGLI U1 uu.,.,,<<d IVB L]V,. -chitect Walter J. Paine in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Brick 5 Limestone R , . 7.•! c t . c .a Outbuilding (describe) Other features CT t✓V, _ •. ^��' Altered Date L�4&4 r � Moved Date C;i„• 5. Lot size: 35,985 sq. ft_ V;d One acre or less Over one acre Approximate frontage 185 ft. un 1 [3fER' . 3 Til �a Approximate distance of building from street •i b Adjacent A. Crum A. Van In en \\11 6. Recorded b_y P� 8 r- t Organization SRA/Historic Salem Inc. Date November 1979 77 M� r• 7. Original owner (if known) YMCA Original use Institutional Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) _ Aboriginal Conservation Recreation x Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ x Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Salem Y.M.C.A. is the finest local example of the Classical Revival style popular in the late 19th century. Walter J. Paine of Beverly designed the new facility at 284-296 Essex Street in 1898, incorporating commercial space and a theater with the recreational and residential facilities of the Y. The ground floor of the three-story building is articulated as an English basement,, containing storefronts and the elaborate center frontispiece marking the main entrance to the Y.M.C.A. Each bay is defined by .an interruption of the wall plane. The center bay is flanked by two-story brick pilasters above the entrance, and the second and sixth bays break forward to match the projection of the frontispiece. The basement and classically-detailed trim are limestone. Although the rooftop loggia has been removed, the building retains a strong sense of the original design. Judging from those examples of his work that were published in the prestigious periodical, American Architect and Building News, Walter J. Paine worked comfortably in a variety of styles. Two contemporary church designs were devoid of classical influence, but fully expressed the Shingle Style and the Romanesque Revival. Th#s eclecticism was typical of the late 19th century, when architects frequently pursued several,stylistic directions simultaneously. Paine's published work is uniformly competent and sophisticated, creating a logical context for his capable treatment of the Y.M.C.A. The monumental presence of the Y.M.C.A. acts as an anchor for the western end of Essex Street, Salem's major commercial corridor. Its architectural importance is representative of the Y.M.C.A. 's prominent role in the community at the time of cmtruction �/ the building relmainls a fkgsrV f;cant element in the fabric of downtowi 10. rBi iograp y �n or references rsuc as oca s ories, deeds, assessor's records, Salem. early maps, etc.) Salem Evening News, April 11, 1898, February 3, 1899, and February 20, 1899. f F'Oit : ! R - BU ? 1:I-)I \ G, in ;.reano. T Fa' rino. -- — 44 i 1'LASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COIIIAHSSIOv 26 138 443 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston vn Salem ' ress 298-304 Essex Street r e Shepard Block a sent use Commercial/residential 1 sent owner See below left cription: IF e 1851 ource Tax records a Creek Revival Architect ,.*4 � Exterior wall fabric Brick "°'';'•' ` "" C.T, Outbuildings (describe) •.e.,rr - 3 412412 ,- Other features 43 : NP-8 a !j 523 Altered Storefronts Date c. 1890 YO.J ,A4 N _ I r ° loved Date r IN71 . ' I I P, i 5. Lot size: 8,769 sq. ft. , . � ? ....... -- One acre or less Over one acre Approximate frontage 95 ft. n6 �!, — `� j Approximate distance of building from street ' ; � ;fit--J !f �_ Owners: Adjacent 298-302 Essex: 304 Essex: 300 Essex St. Trust Morris & Anne Wineg. Recorded by A. Crump/A. Van Ingen Jacob H. Levin, Tr. 30 Evans Road 47 Stanley Rd. Peabody, Mass. Organization SRA/Historic Salem Inc. Swampscott, Mass. 01907 01960 Date November 197} (over) inNA-c_77 7. Original owner (if known) Michael Shepard Original use Residential Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) - Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military . humanitarian Community development x political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Shepard Block, a group of red brick rowhouses built in 1851 at 298-304 Essex Street, is a distinguished example of residential construction for investment of its time. n The three-story row is composed of four houses, each three bays wide. The pitched Y roof is punctuated with twin chimneys at each party wall, and two gabled dormers on the front pitch of each house. A granite basement and brownstone lintels and sills provide contrast on the facade; the entablature is rendered in brick. Storefronts were inserted in three of the houses before the turn of the century, but the row maintains a traditional appearance. Michael Shepard, a prominent local merchant, amassed the land for the project in the late 1840s, and built the row in 1850-51. t D 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Essex County Registry of Deeds i HP-6 R i' I i_ I1 i S C; ?a .rea r.o. Form no. Ai<1SS_1CHUSETTS HISTORICAL, COM-MISSIO\ 35 194 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston i 1. Town Salem Address 6 Rust Street A same First Universalist Church 1 ' e Church Present us.. - F: First Universalist urc Present ov.-ner- 6 Rust Street Salem, Mass. a 3. Description: Date 1808 Source Salem Historical Commission ' Style Federal n Architect William Putnam - _ Exterior gall fabric Brick Outbuildings (describe) Other features Altered Restored 1924 Date +% >. Moved Date 5. Lot size- 16,252 sq_ ft. �} ,; �. One acre or less Over one acre �. Approximate frontage 126 ft. Approximate distance of building from street '� _•-*_ Adjacent s _ _ t•. •� 6. Recorded by A. Crump r Organization Salem Redevelopment Authority Date November 1974 1 1� \, 7. Original owner (if known) First Church Original use Church Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development x Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The First Universalist Church on Rust Street is one of two Federal period churches remaining in the city. In addition, it is one of only two buildings to survive in an early 19th century vernacular neighborhood that was cleared for urban renewal. The two-story, red brick, church is built on a typical Federal meetinghouse plan, with a projecting five-bay facade supporting a square tower at its center, which masks the ridge of the pitched roof behind. Brick sill courses mark the second story of the facade and encircle the tower, but do not appear on the main mass -_ of the building, which is completely sheer except at the cornice. This restraint enhances the bold effect of the stronger cornice and balustrade capping the tower. Broad granite steps lead to three doorways symmetrically placed on the facade. The center entry is recessed in a round arch; the secondary side entries, also recessed, are segmentally arched. The end bays are marked with rectangular windows. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. - HP-5 FOR\i 13 - BUILDINGit :�re.? ro. Formno- 1N1ASSACHGSETTS HISTORICAL CO\131ISSION 35 193 �Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston vn Salem ress 7 Ash Street e - 6 e Bessie Monroe House sent use Residential - T 32 L T _ " - Jan M. Robbins sent owner 7 Ash Street _ 2- Salem, Mass. 01970 cription: - " e 1811 a. - ource Tax records Federal . -1. iviap. Draw sKetcn of outiding location rchitect in relation to nearest cross streets and , other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wal) fabric Brick Outbuildings (describe) l Other features A �6 � � i .•�4 4 COy�1C ` � F,r• ,j 1� -.��;-�'c��" Altered Date J _ { � Moved Date f; NP' ,..• 5. Lot size: 2,586 sq. ft. One acre or less Over one acre Approximate frontage 43 ft. � i Approximate distance of building from street Adjacent �J r 6. Recorded by A. Crump - 1 �� Organization Salem Redevelopment Autborit, 1 y Date November 1979 'f known Thomas Perkins 7. Original owner (i ) Original use Residential Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) _ Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development x Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The modest brick house at 7 Ash Street is notable for the clarity of its Federal vernacular design, and is indicative of the character of an early 19th century neighborhood that was obliterated by urban renewal. The simplicity and formality of the building are typical of Federal "vernacular architecture. The two-story house is crowned by a hip roof" punctuated on its forward slope by twin chimneys. A classically detailed fanlit doorway is centrally placed on the five-bay facade, and is the building's only decorative element. The house was built in 1811 by Thomas Perkins, a prosperous-merchant in nearby Topsfield. It was initially rented to Perkins' brother, a chairmaker, who occupied it until his death. While its modest character is typical of the surrounding neighborhood, now demolished, brick construction was relatively rare in Salem at the time it was developed, and the house was distinctive in its original context as much as it is today. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Historic Salem, Inc. research files , HP-4 FORM ;; - S U i L D I\ C, In Area no. Form no. MASSACHUSETTS HIS'T'ORICAL CO\IIIIISSION 35 204 flffinP of thA Cur rntary Rtatu Ann co Rnctnn vn Salem r cess 216-218 Essex Street e sent use Commercial Crete Realty Trust �I sent owner Nnnriac T.agnnakis, Tr. ' u a � � 9 Bridge Street criptioci: Salem. Mass. 01970 c. 1805 ounce Newspaper Federal 4. Map. Draw sketch of building location Architect in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior w•aU fabric Brick O = Outbuildings (describe) Other features �L _! ✓� i ' , Altered Date o Moved Date 5. Lot size: 4,012 sq. ft. - One acre or less Over one acre Approximate frontage 50 ft. �':"• t ^} �=a �_; ;•, �:': Approximate distance of building from street z TJ �i i _ \ 'i Adjacent - .Y �' 6. Recorded b i,q; _ �! '� � • '�` - � -l`, � Y_A. Crtmp/A. Van InAen Organization SRA/Historic Salem Inc_ / r I `� Date November 1974 znae_r.-�v 7. Original owner (if known) Jacob Rust Original use Commercial Subsequent uses (if any) and dates ' 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) _ Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development —3r— Political Transportation i 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) r; The Federal style commercial building at 216-218 Essex Street was built c. 1805 by storekeeper Jacob Rust. It is the oldest store building in downtown Salem, and one of the fifty brick structures recorded in the city in 1806. The three story building has a pitched roof, with two tall chimneys rising from each end wall. The four bay facade is marked at the floor levels by belt courses which return one bay at each side. Wall openings for the two storefronts and at the second floor are segmentally arched, in contrast to the rectangular third floor windows. A molded brick cornice defines the roofline. The building is stylistically analogous to the Joshua Ward House, built twenty years previously for one of Salem's most prosperous merchants. The building is one of the city's earliest commercial structures, predating the commercial development of Essex Street by ten years. Its significance is .enhanced by its material, since brick was unpopular in Salem. In 1806, the Gazette published a list of fifty brick buildings then standing; Rust's store and the Old Customs House are the only commercial buildings on this list to survive in the dovntown. i 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) Essex County Registry of Deeds Gavenda, David: "The Brick Store of Jacob Rust", 1974. Salem Gazette, February 4, 1806. r HP-3 F'OT.tP,! -B - RIIILDTNG In Area no. Form no. DLISSACHL'SETTS HISTORICAL COD1IlISSION 35 205 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston vn Salem cess 206-212 Essex Street a Gardner Block r 11 Y i sent use Commercial _ Salem SC Savings Ban 1 Ji y R g" sent owner 210 Essex Street lit 'y —4 Salem, Plass_ 01970 1892 ounce Newspapers e Classical Revival 4. Map. Draw sheten of oul>.atng location Architect in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Brick Outbuildings (describe) Other features , _ Altered Addition Date 1917 Moved Date 5. Lot size: 19,165 sq. ft. 1, 1t �;,.. "-:` i��•� t .. w One acre or less Over one acre Approximate frontage 118 ft- App oximate t.Approximate distance of building from street Adjacent 6. Recorded by A. Crump/A. Van Ingen SRA/Historic Salem Inc_ �, 1_ •�,,.�\. Organization "•,, � �, � � �,-.�� 1 Date November, 1979 7. Original owner (if known) Original use Commercial Subsequent uses (if any) and dates 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) _ Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ , Communication Military humanitarian Community development x Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Salem 5C Savings Bank at 206-212 Essex Street is representative of the elegant bank headquarters that characterized the city in the 19th century. Built in 1892, the Gardner Block, as it was then known, was noted for its use of rich materials, and it is still one of Salem's most handsome buildings. The three-story brick building has a flat roof, and its five-bay symmetrical facade is classically detailed with granite trim. The center three-bay section breaks forward from the facade plane, and is articulated with monumental Corinthian pilasters on the upper floors, supported by engaged columns at the ground floor. The deeply recessed, arched entranceway dominates the composition of the facade, reinforced by the triple window at the center of-the second floor; reflecting the configuration of the Palladian window above it. Splayed'keys toned lintels cap the rectangular openings of the other upper floor windows. A 1977 addition on the east side of the bank by local architect Oscar Padjen is notable for its successful integration of old and new design. The facade plane is continued by a single story high arcaded screen, with the curtain wall addition set back, forming a courtyard. The ground floor originally, housed twin banking Valls, which have been combined into one. The original marble and exotic wood finishes have been preserved. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) 1 Salem Evening News, Play 5, 1892 and February 8, 1893. n HP-1. P 0R\: Fi - DUI I,DIN G La Area no_ Form no. 1'L\SSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 34 429 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston 'vn Salem ress 55 Lafayette Street a Salem Laundry sent use commercial _ sent owner Salem Laundry Co. #% 69 Lafayette St. cription: Salem, Mass. 01970 1906 - •__�� , .. lL■ �� ,f; ource Directories e Functional s _ hitect in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Concrete / Outbuildings (describe) -` - Other features 1 40.E Altered Date 1 F i c� � • \ Moved Date . _ 5. Lot size: 34,074 sq. ft. One acre or less Over one acre i - "'• Approximate frontage 318 ft- I' ��•. e.••ne srec2r Approximate distance of building from street Adjacent +/ 6. Recorded by A. Crump Organization Salem Redevelopment Author: `.` Date November 1979 vn.s r n 7. Original owner (if known) Salem Laundry Co. Original use Commercial Subsequent uses (if any) and dates_ 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above) The Salem Laundry building at 55 Lafayette Street, built in 1906, was the first concrete structure in Salem, and represents contemporary technology in its advanced form. The factory is four stories high. The facade is divided into three bays characterized by large areas of steel frame factory sash. The central bay projects slightly from the wall plane. Ashlar-tooled concrete block piers separate the bays, while spandrels and fasciae are smooth-faced and severely detailed. The storefronts are divided like Chicago windows with transoms; the center bay of each of the end stores is emphasized by an archway in its transom. The imitation ashlar character of the concrete block used to construct the Salem Laundry is typical of a stage in the development of this technology that was at its height in the decade 1910-1920. The vertical tooled face and pseudo-ashlar coursing of these blocks are typical of the intermediate stage of concrete block development, between coarse, technologically primitive rock-faced block and the abandonment of the "imitation stone" appearance in favor of a forthright expression of the material. The appearance of this intermediate style in Salem as early as 1906 is especially notable since the Laundry was the first concrete structure in the city. The rela— tiVely creative application of concrete block, in the severity of the building's form and in theuse throughout of a pattern typically limited to architectural accent, suggests an ambitious approach reaching ahead to a direct expression of the material in anticipation of technological feasibility. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc.) City Directories Gillespie, Ann: "Early Development of the Artistic Concrete Block'.', APT Bulletin, Vol. Xl, No. 2(1979) . n Walker Lithograph & Publishing Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1911. HP-2 X 011 ',1 B - B 1, '_ L D I `; i In Area no. Form no. MA- SSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 35 210 Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston Mn Salem ress 144-156 Essex Street „c py} t• T p a Bowker Place sent use Commercial s . Tib All L.H Rogers, inc. sent owner 144 Essex Street 'R r cription: - - - l e c. 1830 � . r ource Title records e , Greek Revival ` t. iv,ap. rat sr eu n uurruing iucauon Arc Rect in relation to nearest cross streets and other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Brick uz ��- :'� Outbuildings (describe) 4•h -1 S.t Nk.- �.{ j, Other features Y il,” Altered Date Moved Date 5. Lot size: 8,499 sq. ft. One acre or less Over one acre Approximate frontage 131 ft. Approximate distance of building from street �• pro " � m l - Adjacent L . fi .t 6. Recorded by A. Crump/A. Van Ingen Organization SRA/Historic Salem, Inc. U •� i �� / Date November 1979 ,MM—S-77 f . . 7. Original owner (if known) William Manning Original use Commercial Subsequent uses (if any) and dates Office, municipal, military 8. Themes (check as many as applicable) _ Aboriginal Conservation Recreation Agricultural Education Religion Architectural x Exploration/ Science/ The Arts settlement invention Commerce x Industry Social/ Communication Military humanitarian Community development Political Transportation 9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes,checked above) The Bowker Block, at 144-156 Essex Street, is a distinguished Greek Revival commercial building erected about 1830 by William Manning. Manning's bankruptcy forced sale of the building in 1844 to Joel Bowker; a leading local merchant, whose name was long associated with the structure. The building is significant both architecturally and through its association with,the commercial development of the city. The three-story brick building is divided into three four-bay units, with each party wall marked by twin chimneys. The front slope of the pitched slate roof is also punctuated by two dormer windows on each unit. Brownstone lintels and sills trim the six-over-six windows on the upper floors; an elliptical window marks the center of the row on each story. The ground floor storefronts are framed by granite piers and lintels. The Bowker Block occupied a significant place .in the commercial life of the . community, as well as in its architectural environment. The Merchants Bank, the Naumkeag Bank and the Salem Police Court were among the first tenants; later in4the 19th century, occupants included the Salem Marine Insurance Company and .the Second Corps Cadets. Prominent local retailers James F. Almy, David Conrad, and William Filene all started their operations in this building; Almy's and Filene's are major .department stores in the Boston area today. 10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, _ early maps, etc.) Essex County Registry of Deeds Salem Historic District Study Committee: Report, 1968. PROPERTIES UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR INCLUSION IPI THE MULTIPLE RESOUICE NOMINATION 70 THE NATIONAL REGISTER DISTRICTS Federal Street Crombie Street Washington Street Central Street Lafayette Street. INDIVIDUAL SITES Rufus Choate House (c.1805) 14 Lynde Street First Church of Christian .Science (1897) 16 Lynde Street Wesley Methodist Church (1889) 8 North Street Nathaniel West Block (1834) 5-9 Summer Street John Peabody House (1867) 15 Summer Street Shepard Block (1851) 298-304 Essex Street Salem Y.M.C.A. (1898) 284 Essex Street Timothy Orne House (1761) 266-268 Essex Street John Prince House (1763) 263-265 Essex Street First Universalist Church (1808) 6 Rust Street Bessie Munroe House (1811) 7 Ash Street Jacob Rust Store (c. 1805) 216-218 Essex Street Gardner Building (1892) 206-212 Essex Street Bowker Block (c.1830) 144-156 Essex Street Women's Friend Society (1811) 12-14 Hawthorne Blvd. Salem Laundry (c.1907) 51-55 Lafayette St. Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company (1915) South River (potential archeological site) Decanber 5, 1979 Sale '. Redevelopment A4-6900 Authority ONE SALEM GREEN, SALEM,�MASSACHUSETTS 01970 TELEPHONE 744-4580 April 12, 1983 Ms. Candace Jenkins, Registration Director Massachusetts Historical Commission 294 Washington Street Boston, MA 02108 Dear Ms. Jenkins: Re: Multiple Resource Nomination Enclosed please find the following information requested by your office on March 3, 1983. A revised owners` mailing list was submitted to your office on March 25, 1983. ---.- 1. Corrected district maps at 100' scale. 2. The area and form numbers do correspond to Salem's assessor maps and lot numbers. 3. Responses to additional information requested on various nomination properties. These items are attached separately to this package. A. A second set of 3Y x 5" photographs are not yet available and will be submitted shortly. Thank you for offering to attend an information meeting on May 4, 7:00 PM- at this office one week prior to the Mass. Historical Commission meeting on May 11th at the Essex Institute. I'm sure that you, Bill Finch, and Pat Wesolowski will be able to help the property owners understand the benefits and significance of the listing. Notices will be mailed out by my office two weeks prior to the May 4th meeting. I appreciate your assistance and patience on this matter. Sincerely, Michael Moniz MM/pw Project Administrator Enclosures 1. SALEM LAUNDRY: The Hooper family has owned and operated the Salem Laundry business since its inception in the late 1800's. It was not the only laundry business in the area. The_ business was moved to its present location in 1906. Aside from the one story addition to the north side of the building, the original structure remains intact. The Salem Laundry Company has reduced its commercial laundry service in favor of a small coin-operated location and dry cleaning business. The business offices remain in the building. Z. THE BOWKER BLOCK: In 1974, the Bowker Block was purchased by the L. H. Rogers Clothing Store. The original storefronts over time had been completely changed to a combination of wood, glass and aluminum. With L. H. Rogers' arrival, the mix and match storefronts were replaced with granite piers and lintels. i 3. GARDNER BLOCK: According to a Salem News Article, December 19, 1891, the heirs of the Gardner family purchased this site from the heirs to the Chase and Ropes families in order to "construct a monument to the Gardner Family" on the site of the original Gardner homestead. It appears that the Gardner heirs were family and relatives of Henry Gardner (died January 23, 1980), a prosperous merchant in the East Indies and South American trade, who at one time was the largest importer of manila goods in the country. The Salem Five Cents Savings Bank opened on May 14, 1855 at 173 Essex Street (HIP.78), moved to the Downing Block, and in the 1870's moved to the Northey Building at the corner of Essex and Washington Streets. The Salem Five Cents Savings Bank catered to the small depositor's account, encouraging children and young adults to save. Of the first 300 depositors, 262 were minors. The Bank was one of the only banks in the area which would open an account with a minimum deposit of five cents. In 1893 the Salem Five moved into one-half of the first floor of the new Gardner Building; the other half was home to the First National Bank. The Salem Five owns and occupies the entire building today. 4. 216-218 ESSEX STREET: Jacob Rust, a merchant and owner of assorted real estate interests, sold this building in 1806, six years after he had it built, to a Henry Rust for $11,000. The building has always been used for commercial purposes, ranging from dry goods to offices. The upper two stories had been left vacant for the last twenty years. In 1981 a legal firm, upon obtaining a long-term lease, renovated the upper floors for office use. A new recessed glass curtain wall entrance between this building and 220-226 provides an access to the upper floors of both buildings. - I - 5. BESSIE MONROE HOUSE: Bessie Monroe owned and occupied the 7 Ash Street house until her death around 1975. Bessie Monroe was an elderly lady who became upset upon hearing that the property, in addition to all of the adjacent buildings, was to be taken by eminent domain through the Redevelopment Authority. The house was originally targeted i for demolition. The Redevelopment Authority, concerned with how the relocation would affect Bessie Monroe's health, decided to take the property but allow Mrs. Monroe to live there until her death. This decision delayed the planned demolition of the building, even though all other targeted properties were demolished. Luckily, the renewal plan changed its focus from new construction to restoration of existing buildings between the time of the Taking and Bessie Monroes death. The building was then sold to an owner interested in restoring the structure. 6. FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH: See attached booklet on Parish history. 7. YMCA BUILDING: The YMCA was organized in Salem in 1858 and was originally housed in rented space at the old Custom House on Central Street. The first building purchased by the YMCA was at 20 Central Street in 1884. Twenty years later the present location on Essex Street was constructed and opened for use. The original roof top granite portico/trellis structure was removed in the late 1950's due to structural problems. The brick addition at the rear of the building was constructed at this time to house the present indoor pool. In 1979-1980 the YMCA Trustees, realizing that the facility would have to be upgraded to increase the declining membership due to the growth of private health clubs, sold a portion of the second and third floors to the Salem Housing Authority, in order to raise the necessary capital for the improvements. The Housing Authority renovated the two floors which formerly contained rental rooms, into fourteen units of elderly housing. With its own capital, and with grants from the Department of Interior's UPARR Program and the Salem Redevelopment Authority, the YMCA is undergoing more than a half million dollars of upgrading. 8. SHEPARD BLOCK: The Greek Revival building, originally constructed for residential use, was modified for commercial use on its first floor around 1890. Atlas and building records indicate the existence of wood framed garages and out-building as early as 1874. The brick rear ell is not original and was constructed some time after 1911. Similar structures appear at 5-9 Summer Street and also at the Bowker Block, 144-156 Essex Street. The Shepard Building and Bowker Block act as anchors within our renewal areas along Essex Street, with the Shepard Building on the West edge and the Bowker Block on the East. - 2 - i 9. 15 SUMMER STREET: This Colonial Revival structure is one of a series of similar period and style buildings just east of this downtown area. The style was more predominant in the adjoining neighborhoods on Beckford Street, Broad Street and Cambridge and Chestnut Streets. 10. 5-9 SUMMER STREET: The Bowker Block at 144-156 Essex Street, built in 1830, approximately three to four years prior to 5-9 Summer Street and the Shepard Block, 298-304 Essex Street, are similar Greek Revival Buildings. 11. WESLEY METHODIST CHURCH: In 1823 a wood meeting house was constructed on Sewell Street by the growing Methodist population. Dissension was immediate due to an ownership dispute' between some of the Parish and its Minister, Reverend Jesse Fillmore. By 1841 the dispute resulted in the formation of a second parish which located on Union Street. In 1844 the two parishes merged and erected a new church on Lafayette Street. The original Sewall Street meeting house was sold to the Second Universalist Society. (Sketch of Salem: 1676-1879; Chas. A. Osgood & H. M. Batchelder. In 1872 the Sewall Street property was repurchased by some members of the Lafayette Street Methodists Society who received a charter to form a separate parish. The meeting house was named the Wesley Chapel after the English Methodist John Wesley (1703-1791). By 1886 the congregation had outgrown its meeting space, and on July 1, 1888 the cornerstone was laid and the new Wesley Methodist Church was dedicated on April 25, 1889 on North Street. (Wesley Methodist Church Book; 1872-1972.) In 1957 the Parish Building at the rear of the existing church was demolished to make room for an education building. The building is a two-story brick structure, with a dark red metal window system 12. PROBATE COURT ADDITION The 1979 addition-to Probate Court is a five story concrete and glass edifice containing the Essex County Administration and Registry of Deeds offices as well as other Court functions. The building was designed by Phineas Alpers Incorporated. Construction cost was approximately $2.8 million. - 3 - VV�Pss�- W ST y ls- 8 Z, i. . 0 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS !1!!11! d Office of the Secretary of State MASSACHUSETTS 294 Washington Street HISTORICAL Boston, Massachusetts 02108 MICHAEL JOSEPH CONNOLLY COMMISSION 617-727-8470 Secretary of State March 3, 1983 F`�C�1V�p LSALEbf g 1593 Michael Moniz, Director Salem Redevelopment Authority ANNiNG One Salem Green D T . Salem, MA 01970 Dear Mr. Montt z ; I Massachusetts Historical Commission staff are currently reviewing the Downtown Salem , Multiple Resource Area nomination form. It has tentatively been scheduled for consideration by the State Review Board .at their meeting on May 11, 1983. To confirm that date, we will need some additional information from your office. i First, updated owner information is required by March 21, 1983. Federal reg- ulations require that the State Historic Preservation Officer notify property owners of pending Review Board consideration 30-75 days before the date of the meeting so that they may comment on the action.. Those regulations also require that owners ' names and addresses be obtained no more than 90 days before the date of the notification letter. We depend on the nominating party to check local property records, and provide us with updated owner information. In the case of Multiple Resource Areas such as this, we notify each property owner individually. Therefore, you should submit the owners ' . list typed on mailing labels. ! - In addition to the owner's name and address, the label should reference the property address and district name. Labels are enclosed. Notifications will be mailed on March 28, 1983. . SAMPLE: Individual property District L.H. Rogers, Inc. Robert B. Bowman . 144 Essex St. 40 Wisteria st. Salem, MA 01970 Salem, MA 01970 RE: Bowker Place RE: 47 Federal St. Salem j 144-156 Essex St., Salem Federal St. Historic District / 1 f In addition to the owner information, some substantive questionsaboutthe nomination :. itself must be answered by March 31, 1983. General Information: 1. A second set of 3 x 5 photographs is required (one set to remain at MHC, one set to be forwarded to the Keeper of the National Register) . These should be retaken if any major changes to the> buildings have taken place. I i 2. A. more .legible copy of the base map with source, date and scale. 3. . Confirmation that the area and form number provided on the top of the inventory 'I forms correpond to assessor's map, page and lot numbers. Specific Information: �^I OCP t;t �"^^ �.'1 T✓••n " C 1 A L 1. Salem Laundry Who was involved in the business? Was this their first permanent location? Was this the first/only laundry in Salem? Discusss any major DInr wss W%�" renovations/alterations. 2. Bowker Place - Discuss any major renovations/alterations. 3. ;Gardner Block - include in Area C; where did the name Gardner come from? 4C— ; Was the Salem Five Cents Savings Bank the original tenant? What was the Salem Five's relative imprtance - what. clientele did it serve and who was involved with it? Please make sure that the addition is ,included within the delineated boundaries /of Area C. o 4. 216-218 Essex St. - Include in Area C; is anything known about Rust or other tenant/owners? Discuss any major renovations/alterations. not wm Fc zv%Ap. . S. Bessie Munroe House- Who is .Bessie Munroe? When.was she associated with the house? 6. First Universalist Church - .Briefly discuss parish history; is anything known c.v.- about. the architect? Discuss nature and extent of 1924 -restoration. J . 7. YMCA Building - Who was involved in the formation? Was this their first permanent location? Discuss any major renovations/alterations. 8. Shepard Block - Is anything known about Shepard? How does this relate to other period developments in t he .downtown? Discuss storefront alterations ( approx. dates) ; is rear ell original? 9. 15 Summer St. = Can this be_ compared .to other similar period developments in the downtown?. / 10. 5 - 9 Summer St. How does the relate to other similar period developments / in, the downtown? X11. ' Wesley Methodist Church - Provide brief parish history; revise boundaries: attached rear addition must be included and briefly described - is any land. to be included? /12. Federal Street Historic District; Area A - Briefly describe 1979 -addition to ✓ Probate Court (HP . 14) . /13. Crombie Street Historic District; Area B - Delete HP- 36 which has been heavily altered and is physically removed from the district. 14. Downtown Salem Historic District; Area C - add HP6 3 and HPO� 4 to the district; provide basic data on structure between HP - 4 and HP - 58 (date, number of stories, materials, owner) . i In general , the submitted nomination was carefully prepared and well presented. We hope that you will be able to answer the points specified above in time for a May State Review Board consideration, ' If you have any questions, please let me know as soon as possible. Sincerellyyw,--'' i Candace J nktHisotrical Registrat onctor Massachuset s Commission CJ/sac enclosures r Fo,m No 10J0ca IR ev 10-141 - �\ �.0 STATES DEP:\f:T%tENT OFT I iE lNT:.kIUR -C-. -,rS US p,;L; ----I NATIONAL PARK SERVICE R_C�pj! 6 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM �oAT--_ ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 19 individuality of the entrepreneurs behind these buildings is readily apparent in their eclectic stylistic identities. Ruskinian masonry on the Kinsman Block (HP-55), the monumental engaged columns on the Masonic Temple (HP-49) , the brick patterned arches of the Power Block (HP-39), all enrich the character of the street and relieve the, severity of scale. The Downtown Salem District is an expansion of the Old Town Hall District, which was listed on the National Register in 1972, and incorporates two individual sites, Salem City Hall (HP-56) , listed in 1973, and the Joshua Ward House (HP-38), listed in 1978. It abuts four other small districts, and indirectly links up with the extensive Salem Common District, to provide recognition and protection to a broad band of Salem's significant properties. HP-37: 154 Washington Street (1965) A single story glass box with a prefabricated neo-Mansard roof. HP-38: 150.19ashington Street .(c. 1785) The Joshua Ward House is a three-story, brick Federal mansion, set imposingly on high ground well back from the street. Listed on the National Register in 1978, it was restored with the assistance of a Grant-in-Aid in 1979-80. HP-39: 140 Washington Street (1889 & 1895; Nathan P. Sanborn) The Power Block is a four-story loft building enlarged six years after its construction to the present six-bay width from. the original three, to accommodate a furniture company's growing business: Its red brick l. walls are arched, corbelled and patterned in the Romanesque Revival style to frame' the banks of windows. While the initial appearance of the facade is irregular, a closer examination shows each half to be independently . symmetrical. The northern, original section is the most complex: storefronts on the ground floor; simply detailed triple windows on the second floor; a rectangular bank of four windows flanked by triple windows contained within corbelled segmental arches on the third floor; and banks of four wind6ws on the top floor, crowned by a round arch in the center bay with segmental arches on either side. The 1895 addition is based on triple windows flanking a double unit at each of its upper levels. The second floor has straight headers; the,center bay of the third floor is contained in a segmental arch; and the central segmental motif is repeated on the top floor, flanked by round arched bays. The southern corner of the building is canted away from the street. The strength and clarity. of this varied composition make the Power Block one of the best examples of commercial architecture in Salem. Form No 10.300a -- - - IR" 10-74t U \;-FLU STATES DEP.-XkT�1ENT OF TFIE INTERicm NATIONAL PARK S�qV1Cp I{FC3 N?S USc ONLY . I NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PECe1vE0 INVENTORYNOMINATIONFORM (DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 20 HP-40: 122-128 Washington Street (1891; Blackail, Clapp & Whittemore) The four-story, five-bay Peabody Building is a red brick Georgian Revival edifice trimmed with white marble incised lintels and keystones. The central bay is emphasized on the second floor by a modified Palladian window, and on the third floor by a paired window. The fourth floor, which was added early in this century, features arched windows with Gothic tracery in the upper sash, in place of the twelve-over-two sash found in the rest of the building. A parapet rises above the pressed metal cornice. The storefronts have been altered. HP-41: 118-120 Washington Street (1882; Peabody & Stearns) A three-story, Classical Revival building with its end bays set off from two center bays by pilasters in the same red brick as its walls. _The original twelve-over-two window sash are intact on the third floor, as is the pressed metal cornice. The storefront has. been altered. HP-42: 247 Essex Street (1913; Henry Bailey Alden) A two-story, brick Georgian Revival building constructed as headquarters for the Salem Gas Light Company. While the ground floor has been altered, the original composition of a broad center bay flanked by narrow side elements is still evident in the upper level and panelled cornice. HP-43: 257 Essex Street (1910) The Merchants National Bank built this three-bay, brick Georgian Revival + structure. Its monumental interior hall is expressed in the two-story high arched windows, which are separated from the central entrance by double pilasters. Limestone quoins mark the corners of -the facade, which is crowned with a parapet. HP-44: 250-254 Essex Street (1925) A four-story, four-bay building with a cast stone facade. The decorative stonework contrasts with*the clean lines of the plate glass inset bays. HP-45: 244-248 Essex Street (c. 1834) A three-story red brick, brownstone trimmed Greek Revival commercial building, with nine bays that divide into three sections corresponding to granite-framed storefronts on the ground floor. The eastern section of -the building is emphasized by a cross-gable containing a lunette divided into three individual windows. The remainder of the roof is punctuated by a single dormer and a tall narrow chimney. l Form No 10.300a T - - IBev 10.741 �\ U .,11 D STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTPRIOR ;C? "PS USE O'1LY NATIONAL PARK ScrM-17 RECEIVcD NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVEN'T'ORY -- NOMINATION FORINT DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER - C7 PAGE 21 ' IIP-46: 242 Essex Street (1877; William D. Dennis) A diminutive two-story, two-bay Italianate store building distinguished by its well preserved marble ,front. Ashlar blocks contrast with a highly decorative bracketed cornice and drip-molded lintels above the windows. IIP-47: 234 Essex Street (1885 & 1911) This imposing commercial block was built in two stages, to accommodate the growth of William Webber's prosperous dry goods business. The uniform appear- ante of the building results from a conscious adherence to a consistent design program in the Classical Revival style. Occupying a prominent corner in downtown Salem, the three-story, red brick block stretches eight bays wide along Essex Street, and eleven bays along Washington. The original plate glass storefronts are hidden by aluminum panels, but the upper, floors retain their traditional appearance. The large second floor windows are separated only by delicate pilasters and span the full height of the floor. A metal cornice separates this level from the top floor, which is composed of twelve- over-two double hung sash. A frieze is suggested by recessed panels of brick- work below the pressed metal cornice. k single oriel punctuates each of the principal faces of the building. IIP-48: 90 Washington Street (1945) A four-story, yellow brick building which displays the influence of the . International Style in its banded fenestration and undecorated facade. IIP-49: 70 Washington Street (1915; Little & Brown) �., The monumental, four-story Classical Revival facade of the Masonic Temple effectively disguises the building's bulk behind- a colossal frontispiece. Ground floor storefronts are contained by a rusticated limestone English basement. The nine-bay brick facade of the upper floors is scaled by an engaged Corinthian colonnade, flanked by wings of classically detailed windows, all sheltered, by a broad cornice and central pediment concealing the extended height of the top floor. This building introduced interior retail space to Salem, with a shopping arcade that has been sacrificed to provide an elevator bank. HP-50: 60 Washington Street (1890; Lord & Fuller) A handsome commercial block designed by Salem's leading local architects for successful real estate and insurance broker Charles Odell. The two-story, four-bay facade is organized by a Romanesque arcade, which serves as decoration for the building. Form No 10.300a a IPev 10741 LNiTF U STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR -OR 3 USc Ov_'t NATIONAL PdR� SERVICE P.ECEiVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM [DATE DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 22 HP-51: 32-34 Church Street (1879) - A two-story, panelled brick structure built for municipal water department headquarters. The irregular single and double bay pattern of the fenestration was dictated by function, not style. The chief decorative feature is the handsome corbelled cornice and peaked central element framing the datestone. RP-52: 30 Church Street (1861, 1887; George Hadley, William D. Dennis) A two-story, red brick firehouse with segmentally arched fenestration: three broad bays on the ground floor, and five double hung windows upstairs- The distinctive silhouette of the tall hose-tower at the rear of the building is a .local landmark due to its concave Mansard roof. RP-53: 33 Church Street (1831, 1896; Ernest M.A. Machado) The Salem Lyceum was the intellectual and scientific center for the area throughout the 19th century, witnessing lectures by prominent figures such as Daniel Webster, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Quincy Adams and Horace Mann. Alexander Graham Bell sent the first' teld'phone press dispatch to Boston on the evening of his lecture here. The original wooden building was rebuilt in Flemish bond brickwork with Georgian Revival details by Ernest Machado, after a serious fire in 1896. Two stories high, a belt course divides the broad storefront bays at ground level from the single and paired windows on the second floor. - RP-54: 71 Washington Street (1882) The original Cate's Block was a red brick, Romanesque Revival style commercial building and social hall. Its present Classical Revival appearance dates from a facelift in the early 20th century. The original fenestration, with tall arched windows in the top floor, was overlaid with a rusticated English basement, two-story pilasters, stucco walls and a parapeted cornice. RP-55: 75-87 Washington Street (1882; Lord & Fuller) Salem entrepreneur John Kinsman built this ambitious block, containing ground floor storefronts, lawyers' suites on the second floor, and twin social halls on the third floor. The three-story block is an excellent example of the Ruskinian Gothic style, with polychrome trim contrasting with its red brick walls. The highly decorated, broken corbelled cornice and parapet is a testament to the architects' skill. HP-56: 93 Washington Street (1838; Richard Bond) The severe granite facade of Salem City Hall is a masterpiece of Greek Revival style public architecture. It was listed on the National Register in 1973. • Fo.m No 10.3003 Me. 10741 � L NITLU ST.-\TES DLP.-\KT%IENT OF THE INTERIOR cOa NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL F'Aii: SE?.V I-7 REC EI`i=D NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 23 ' HP-57: 97-103 c. 1900 Street Washington g ( ) A four-story, red brick commercial building, with its fenestration organized by pilaster strips into a central bank of four windows flanked by groups of three. Some restrained corbelling is the only ornamentation on the building. HP-58: 228-232 Essex Street (1892) A four-story, red brick building with two facades, befitting its location on the principal intersection in downtown Salem. The storefronts have been altered, but the upper floors retain their classical detailing, with giant pilasters supporting a dentillated cornice. Three bays of triple windows occupy the Essex Street face, with two more bays facing Washington Street. The lintels of the fourth floor windows break into arches above the center windows, suggesting a Palladian motif. HP-59: 231 Essex Street (1826, 1877; Peter Banner & Solompn Willard) Distinguished Boston architects Willard and Banner built the fourth meetinghouse on this site for the First Church of Salem. When Daniel Low's department store bought the property, a new facade on Washington. Street was added in the contemporary Ruskinian sty-le to help establish the building's new identity. The building was listed on the National Register in 1972, in the .Old Town Hall district. _ HP-60: 125-131 Washington Street (1855, c. 1910, 1973) The 19th century Asiatic Bank Building was totally rebuilt for the Salem Savings Bank by Arthur E. French. After the property was listed on the National Register in 1972, as part of the Old Town Hall district, an addition to the south side doubled the size of the building, supporting its design with monumental pilaster strips defining the new mass. HP-61: 133 Washington Street (1808) A red brick, Federal style store building built for Abel Lawrence, a wealthy merchant whose principal business was a distillery on Front Street. The property is included in the Old Town Hall district, listed on the National Register in 1972. HP-62: 143 Washington Street (c. 1855) A foursquare Greek Revival store which anchors the corner of Washington and Front Streets. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 in the Old Town Hall district. F"M", 10-30ca lae,10-741 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Of THE INTLRIOR FOR N?5 USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK S_a VICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM (DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 24 - HP-63: 155-189 Washington Street (1874; Bruce & Copeland) Although disfigured by picture windows and stucco cladding covering its original shiplap siding, the distinctive Italianate detail of the Arringtoa Block is still visible. Built after the widening of Washington Street forced the demolition of its predecessor, this block is the last wood-frame commercial structure to survive in downtown Salem, and as such is an important reminder of the city's former appearance. Originally built in the form of a main block with side ell, to break up its length, another side extension to the corner of Front Street was added in-the 1930s and contributes nothing to the integrity of the structure. Three stories high, the main section is nine bays wide and distinguished by peaked lintels on the third floor windows . and a bold cornice. Its original ell stretches fifteen bays to the south, with simpler detail to minimize its extent. The block served .as a hotel, first as the Central House, later as the Washington House Annex, benefitting from its location adjacent to the railroad station-which stood at the head of Riley Plaza. " HP-64: 21 Front Street (1845; L. Putnam) A two-story, brick and granite Greek Revival store listed on the National Register in 1972 as part of the Old Town Hall district. HP-65: 15 Front Street (c. 1860) - A tiny two-story brick building, in the Italianate style, which was constructed as Salem's police station. It is incorporated in the Old Twon Hall National Register district. HP4,66: 32 Front Street (c. 1860) A two-story brick warehouse structure with a Mansard roof, included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-67: 15 Derby Square (c. 1820) A two-story red brick Federal style commercial building which is a principal structure in the Old Town Hall National Register district. . HP-68: 16-20 Front Street (1974) An infill structure which continues the design of its neighbors, standing within the Old Town Hall National Register district. Form No 10-300a Me. 10-741 - \ UNITLD STATtSDEP;\RTNIENT0FTHE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ON LY NATIONAL PARI, S_HVIC= RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 25 HP-69: 6-12 Front Street (c. 1830) A two-story, brick and granite Greek Revival store building, included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-70: 22-26 Derby Square (c. 1915) A three-story warehouse building that forms one edge of Derby Square. Listed on the National Register as part of the Old Town Hall district. HP-71: 16-20 Derby Square (c. 1900) A four-story brick warehouse that is included in the Old Town Hall National Register district. HP-72: Old Town Hall, Derby Square (1816) The centerpiece of Derby Square, this dintinctive Federal style building combined the town meeting hall with a market. It was listed on the National Register with its surroundings in 1972. HP-73: 20 Central Street (1979; Robert L. Scagliotti) A four-story, red brick mixed use development which spans the area between Central Street and Derby Square, containing a raised public plaza above parking with adjoining retail space on either side, and residential condominiums on the upper floors. Varied facade treatments respond to the different environments surrounding the complex. H�774: 17 Central Street (1912; John Mathew Gray) Salem's three-story Classical Revival police station is built of brick with limestone trim. Entrances occur at either end of the English basement, with circulation towers expressed in the windows of the upper floors, where five full height arched windows are flanked by vertically aligned conventional double-hung sash. HP-75: 13 Central Street (1766) A three-story, five-bay wood house, with ground floor storefronts preserving the domestic scale of the original Georgian form. HP-76: 11 Central Street (1811; . Charles Bulfinch) Bulfinch's last remaining attributed cork in Salem was built to house two banks, but has been the home of the Salem Fraternity, a charitible organization, since 1899. Its two-story, five-bay, red brick form clearly reveals Bulfinch's design, with first floor arched windows set off by sill and spring courses, and divided by a belt course from the second floor. An Form No 10-30C3 - IFICV 10.741 LNITEU STATES DLPARTNIENT OF Tit- INTERIOR Ppa NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK ScRVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM [DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 26 Italianate portico and cornice are deftly handled, and enhance the character of the building. HP-77: 3-7 Central Street (1886; William D. Dennis) The Newcomb Building was originally occupied by Frederick Porter's meat market and Holly Tree dining rooms. Three stories high, its central bay is set off by pilaster strips which break through the corbelled cornice. The second floor fenestration is evenly divided into groups of three windows, although the paired third floor windows are distributed with a single pair flanked by two pair. Stone and brick patterned sill courses join the brick lintels as decoration for the building. HP-78: 173 Essex Street (1858) The three-story, Italianate style Downing Block is a rare local example of its.type. Masonry construction was relatively rate inSalemuntil after the - Civil War, and the Downing Block's wooden contemporaries were steadily replaced by later development. Heavy brownstone lintels dominate the six-bay facade, which is crowned by a broken cornice surmounted-by a segmental arch framing its datestone. HP-79: 179 Essex Street (c.1860) An Italianate commercial building three stories high and three bays .wide, with an elaborate panelled cornice and decorated lintels. Its granite block storefront recalls earlier commercial styles. Hk-80: 183 Essex Street (c. 1875) A two-story, three-bay store building in the Queen Anne Panelled Brick style. Its granite framed storefront supports tall second floor fenestration, composed of a paired window crowned by a semicircular leaded transom; flanked by triple hung windows whose top sash is small paned and patterned. A simple corbelled cornice completes its composition. HP-81: 185 Essex Street (1847; Gridley J.F. Bryant) The Naumkeag Block is the only known local example of Bryant's commercial work- Its-brick and granite Greek Revival form is diminished by the loss of its hipped roof, but its elegant curved corner, brownstone headed tall windows at the second floor, and brick pilaster strips suggest its former proportions. Iger 10741 L;NiFED STATES DEPARTMENT OFT FIE INTO kI0P, FOR N?S USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SE9VtCE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM oaTE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 27 HP-82: 4-10 Central Street (1805; Samuel� ilClntire) Salem's Old Customs House, at the corner of Central and Essex Streets, was developed by prominent merchants William S. Gray and Benjamin Hathorne. The Customs Office was one of a number of important commercial tenants in the red brick structure, until changes in maritime trade resulted in the relocation of Salem's shipping trade from the Front Street area to deeper waters. The tripartite facade of the three-story building is strictly symmetrical, with a central seven-bay pavilion crowned by a low pediment. Three-bay wings are simply detailed; with ground floor arched windows, splayed lintels heading the second floor windows, and shorter attic story windows typical of the Federal style. The center entrance bay is emphasized only by a relieving arch at the second floor containing a Palladian window, and by a lunette window in the . pediment. HP-83: 197-201 Essex Street (1932, 1977) The present appearance of this simple brick storefront dates from a recent remodelling. Three broad display bays are recessed in the facade, serving as the building's only articulation. HP-84: 203-209 Essex Street (1895; Holman K. IWheeler) A yellow brick, Classical Revival commercial building designed to house the Naumkeag Clothing Company, a local department store. Three stories tall, the facade treatment wraps around three bays on each side, as well as the nine-bay front wall. Ground floor storefronts are. the base of the classical composition, with monumental pilasters defining each bay of the upper floors. A brick frieze is sheltered by a pressed metal cornice. Decorative metal �., spandrels separate each vertically aligned pair of windows, crowned by a rusticated arch motif. HP-85: 213-215 Essex Street (c. 1816) A brick and granite store building constructed by the developers of Derby Square as part of their -initial plan. Listed on the National Register in 1972, along with the Old Town Hall district. HP-86: 5 Derby Square (c. 1816) A red brick commercial structure built by John Derby and Benjamin Pickman Jr. to support their Derby Square development. This building is contained within the Old Town Hall district, listed on the National Register in 1972. Form No 10.300a 01" 10-74; L KITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR =04 MPS USE 0'-Ly NATIONAL PARK ScRVICc RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 28 HP-87: 217 Essex Street (1900) Built as the Hoyt Block, this Classical Revival commercial block has been the home of the Naumkeag Trust Company since 1910. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 in the Old Town Hall district. HP-88: 225 Essex Street (1873; Bruce & Copeland) . The five-story Hale Building is Salem's only cast iron front structure, with an appearance typical of this building technology. It was listed on the National Register in 1972 as a member of the Old Town Hall district. Fo.m No 10300a - -'- ---- IPe. 10.741 .- U �,Il ED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE I NTER!OR O� •,?, us= ON:r NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PcC_I lc.l INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM [DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 29 Downtown Salem National Register District - Ownership Data & Importance Rating Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 60 Washington Street (35-22) 1 Sertech Laboratories, Inc. I Peabody Street Salem, Mass. -01970 70 Washington Street (35-19) . 1 Salem Masonic Temple Assn. 70 Washington Street Salem., Mass. 01970 90 Washington Street (35-18) 3 Harris Realty Trust Carl Harris, Tr. 254 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 118-120 Washington Street (35-5) 1 Mansfield Realty Associates 144 Boylston Street Boston, Mass. 02116 122-128 Washington Street (35-4) 1 Mansfield Realty Associates ' see above 140 Washington Street (35-3) 1 Barton Realty Co. 140 Washington Street S: Salem, Mass. 01970 150 Washington Street (35-2)` 1 Ernest J. 2ampell 50 Rantoul Street Beverly, Mass. 01915 154 Washington Street (35-1) 3 Gerald A. & Theresa B. Berube c/o Dunkin' Donuts, Inc. Box 317 Randolph, Mass. 02368 71 Washington Street (35-198) 2 Salem Co-op Bank 71 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 75-87 Washington Street (35-199) 1 James Kallas et ali c/o Charles Panagopoulos 81 Washington Street Salem, 4fass. 01970 Form No 10.300aWe. 10.741 - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEItIOIt NATIONAL ScR`JIC- OR i`!?$ USE ONLY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HIRECEIVED HISTORIC PLACES ` INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM [DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 30 Property Address .(SAI #) Importance Rating* Ownership - 93 Washington Street (35-200)° 1 City of Salem 93 Washington Street_ Salem, Mass_ 01970 97-103 Washington Street (35-201) 2 Joriman Trust Richard Shribmaa et al, Trs. 20 Stanley Road Swampscott, Mass. 01907 125-131 Washington Street (35-255)° .2 Salem Savings Bank 125 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 133 Washington Street (35-256)° 1 - George H. Sawtell 8-Otis Street Danvers, Mass. 01923 143 Washington Street (35-611)' 1 '� Becket Street Realty Trust Stephen Ingemi, Tr. 126 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 0197.0 155-189 Washington Street (34-426) 1 Salem News Publishing Co. 155 Washington Street Salem, Mass. 01970 1173 Essex Street (35-617) 1 Barbara Lally 30 Arthur Avenue _ Marblehead, Mass. 01945 179 Essex Street (35-231) 1 Bernard's Inc. 179 Essex Street Salem, Plass_. 01970 183 Essex Street (35-232) 1 Boston Leader Millinery & Hosiery Stores, Inc. 10 Holden Street Malden, Mass. 02148 185 Essex Street (35-233) 1 Simgert Trust c/o Dana Myer & Son 3 Center Plaza; Suite 200 Boston, Mass. 02108 Fo'm 1:o 10 3001 I;tew 10 74, UNil cD STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INT`-Klf)?. 0 iSc ONLY NATIONALPAR K ScRVIC: RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMI INATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 31 Property Address (SAM#) Importance Rating* Ownership 197-201 Essex Street (35-238) 3 Beverly E. & William Carmen 10 Dartmouth Street W. Newton, Mass. 02165 203-209 Essex Street (35-240) 2 Joseph R. & Stephen C. Ingemi 36 Margin Street Salem, Mass. 01970 217 Essex Street (35-251)0 2 Naumkeag Trust Company 217 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 225 Essex Street (35-251)0 1 Naumkeag Trust.Company see above 231 Essex Street (35-254)` 1 Higginson Square Realty Trust William S. Follett, Tr. 231 Essex Street 'Salem, Mass. 01970 247 Essex Street (35-4) . 2 Mansfield Realty Associates see 118-120 Washington Street 257 Essex Street (35-8) 1 Merchants National Bank 255 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970 228-232 Essex Street (35-202) 1 - Ricknor Realty Corp. 150 Essex Street Salem, Mass. 01970_ 234 Essex Street (35-16,17) 1 Harris Realty Trust see 90 Washington Street 242 Essex Street (35-15) 1 Harris Realty Trust see .above 244-248 Essex Street (35-14) 1 - David Todreas 62 Pleasant Street Malden, Mass. 02148 252 Essex Street (35-13) 2 James Kallas et ali see 75-87 Washington Street Form ND 10 3023 - tRev 10-74) - `\ L \iT`JSTATESDEP.1R-(N1cNTO� TI-IEINTIi :IOP, FOR "PS 5 ONLY NATIONAL i ,,RY. S=RVICE REC--IVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORMPATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 32 Property Address (SAMIP) Importance Rating* Ownership 4-10 Central Street (35-237, 1 Pasquanna Developers, Inc-. 250 & 603) 58 Collins Street Lynn, Mass. 01902 20 Central Street (35-242, 247, 3 Pasquanna Developers, Inc. 248, 249 & 608) see above 3-7 Central Street (35-234) 1 Hillmann Family Realty Trust Douglas J. Hillmann, Tr. 13 Strawberry Hill Road Andover, Mass. 01810 11 Central Street (35-612) 1 Salem Fraternity c/o Edwin W. Dennis 33 Warren Street Salem, Mass. 01970 13 Central Street (35-235) 2 L -Salem Fraternity see above _ 17 Central Street (35-236) 2 City of Salem see 93 Washington. Street Old Town Hall, Derby Square (35-253)' '1 City of Salem . + see above 1 Derby Square (35-241)' 1 Morton B. Braun c/o Derby Square Co. Moccasin Hill Road Lincoln, Plass. 01773 5 Derby Square (35-274)0 1 Morton B. Braun see above 15 Derby Square (35-243)0 1 Welch Family Trust Harold W. Scully, Tr. 15 Front Street Salem, Mass. 01970 L2';-26 -20 Derby Square° 2 Higginson Square Realty Trust see 231 Essex Street Derby Square" 2 Higginson Square Realty Trust see above Form No 10 3OC3 IN lAev 10.741 t \iTtU STATES DU'ART\IENT O` Till: USE Or+_" RE..Ei`:ED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DAT_ ENTERED INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C7 PAGE 33 Property Address (SAMii) Importance Rating* 0c.nership 15 Front Street (34-421)' 1 Velch Family Trust see 15 Derby Square 21 Front Street (34-422)° 1 McDougall Realty Trust Daniel R_ McDougall, Tr. 17 Front Street Salem, Mass. 01970 6-12 Front Street (35-245)0 1 Welch Family Trust see 15 Derby Square 16-20 Front Street (35-244)0 2 Welch Family Trust see above 32 Front Street (35-257)0 2 Becket Street Realty Trust Joseph R. Ingemi et al, Trs. 36 Margin Street Salem, Mass. 01970. 33 Church Street (35-601) 1 Salem Lyceum Realty Trust Joan M. Boudreau, Tr. 33 Church Street Salem, Mass. 01970 30 Church Street (35-445) 2 Elemar, Inc. 30 Church Street Salem, Gass. 01970 32-35 Church Street (35-197) 2 1 Church Street Realty Trust George E_ Maguire et al, Trs. Bos 208 Salem, Mass. -01970 *Key: 1. Central importance to district , 2. Contributing to character of district 3. Intrusion on character of district `Property already listed on National Register - Fwm No 1O10J�We 1073; L SITED STATES DEPARTMENT O. THE INTERIOR FOR N?S USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK S=RVICE RECEIVED NATI ONAT, REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Ii�,dVENTORY -- NOP/lINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Downtown Salem ITEM NUMBER C8 PAGE 34 Salem Evening News: January 15, 1883; July 20, 1886; March 26, 1889; May 22, 1889; May 20, 1890; June 24, 1891; March 28, 1892; July 21, 1892; June 2, 1893; - October 18, 1895; August 1, 1896; February 14, 1899; January 19, 1911; March 12, 1913; June 6, 1914; September 14, 1914; and March 30, 1915. Salem Gazette: February 4, 1806; January 23, 1874; and September 29, 1882. Salem Register: December 6, 1847; May 7, 1877; and November 22, 1886. Sanborn Map Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1883. Atlas of the City of Salem, 1906, corrected to 1929. Tolles, Bryant F. Jr. and Caroline: Guide to Salem Architecture, in manuscript. Walker Lithograph & Publishing Co. : Atlas of the City of Salem, 1911. 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M WORM -�' y t �T� �'.$�J 4j 4 it M4tJf Fri R .n2tt c ��t 5',]�S`� 'ss._�* z.t � +r�+q''� C F.n �iG2..+J�, ,�i �• _ +�<`w.F 5 FV J... g• l4'[ ; �41.✓J i t rLivY ��bt1. U 11 ED STATES llEPAKT`IE`T OF THE I�iTEFtIOR FOR P PS US tY N NATIONAL PARK SERVICE f NA 0-i\ ALREGIS'FER OF HISTORIC PLACES j PROPERTYMAPFORM SEE I N STR U CTI O N S IN HO:N TO CONIPLETE NA i—OVAL REGISTcR FORt.4S TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- ENCLOSE WITH PAAP NAME HISTORIC Downtown Salem AND/OR=MAJON LOCATION CITY.TOWN Salem _VICINITY OF _ ,COUNTY .Essex STAB MASS. NIAP REFERENCE SouRc- Salem Assessor's Maps SCA— 1"=200' DATE 1979 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. PROPERTY BOUNDARIES 2. NORTH ARROW 3. UTM REFERENCES NATIONAL R GISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES `P.ECZ! 1=D PROPER TY P?-i0±0GR ^ ` PATE EN'TERED SEE INST.RUCTiONS 1N HO'W TO COPAPL=i E NATIG IAL REGISTER FORMS - TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOS_ WIT%! PH0TOGP,APH Eil NA�SE HISTOS?C Downtown Salem ' A::o.ca:ommou LOCATION CITY.TOWN Salem __VICIYITYOF Essex tsu.,, Massachusetts STATE PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTOCREDIT Allison M. Crump _ CA:_o=>aOTO 1979 NEGATIVEFJLEDAT Salem RedevQlopment Authority IDENTIFICATION D-'eSCA13E MEW.DIRECTION.ETC,IF DISTRICT.GIVE aViLOING N A..'jE&STREET pyOTO NO Looking east at 11 Central Street 2_22 1 ~ S( a SEE GL'y GIti�-.� {�..• .� C"� GTS i S � f - f . � Y � `• Ri -a9 - F - t � � r #Y ... "c>• � I1..��`�i:Y��`a�� '�€` ��OIC.:tik'�3r I!_.�S'�l_rk.�\Yrt y `� '"�y�,.y,y,1�{*+_,'^�6�,'(r _..��a�'1 r - } XY�i�lr� si�y� ,�a may_:• �y r _ C. < ^1 �Ti3_�.i+� .V..S,A� � •4 ��YYYYYY333333 . "e a n ♦ a-, --.�a` � ��fZl��—��iii7�jl I k j ��i�'�• � (C'� -iF, w ��`>t"Y� ..Y e'h�:.� °n'..t-3TC-�jR ca_c'�r� KEY TO MAP OF MULTIPLE RESOURCE AREA HP-1 Salem Laundry (1906) 51-55 Lafayette St. HP-2 Bowker Block (c. 1830) 144-156 Essex St. HP-3 Gardner Building (1892) 206-212 Essex St. HP-4 Jacob Rust Store (c. 1805) 216-218 Essex St. HP-5 Bessie Munroe House (1811) 7 Ash Street HP-6 First Universalist Church (1808) .6 Rust St. HP-7 Salem Y.M.C.A. (1898) 284 Essex St. HP-8 Shepard Block (1851) 298-304 Essex St. . HP79 John Peabody House (1867) 15 Summer St. HP-10 Nathaniel West House (1834) 5-9 Summer St. HP-11 Wesley Methodist Church (1889) 8 North St. -- - HP-A Federal Street District HP-B Crombie Street District • HP-C Downtown Salem District NR-1 Peabody Museum NR-2 Charter Street District NR-3 Rufus Choate House, NR-4 Salem Common District NR-5 Salem Elevator Works NR-6 Joshua Ward House NR-7 Old Town Hall District NR-8 Salem City Hall NR-9 Essex County Court Complex NR-10 Chestnut Street District