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CHARTER STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT CHARTER STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT 1 Form No. 10-300 (Rev.10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RecElueq ' INVENTORY-- NOMINATION FORM >rArnIrEREo.-"' , SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS ffiNAME HISTORIC Charter Street Historic District AND/OR COMMON LOCATION STREET&NUMBER 53 Charter and 20 Liberty Streets _NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY.TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Salem _VICINITY OF 6 STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Massachusetts 025 Essex 009 EE'CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENTUSE %DISTRICT _PUBLIC ]{_OCCUPIED _AGRICULTURE _MUSEUM —BUILDING(S) _PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED _COMMERCIAL _PARK —STRUCTURE XBOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL _)PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE _ENTERTAINMENT _RELIGIOUS OBJECT —IN PROCESS Y—YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC • _BEING CONSIDERED _YES:UNRESTRICTED _INDUSTRIAL _TRANSPORTATION —NO _MILITARY _SOTHER:�E,nET�wy OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Multiple ownership STREET&NUMBER CITY.TOWN STATE _ VICINITY OF LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC. Registry of Deeds STREET&NUMBER 32 Federal Street CITY,TOWN STATE Salem Massachusetts REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Inventory of the Historic Assets of the Commonwealth DATE 1974 _FEDERAL XSTATE _COUNTY _LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Massachusetts Historical Commission ' • CITY.TOWN STATE aoslon Massachusetts . i DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE • _EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED _UNALTERED - .XORIGINALSITE XGOOD _RUINS 2ALTERED _MOVED DATE _FAIR -UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL(IF KNOWN).PHYSICAL APPEARANCE - The Charter Street Historic District consists of the Grimshawe House (c.1770) , the Pickman House (c.1638-1680) , and the Charter Street Cemetery (Burying Point, c.1637) which lies between the houses. The Grimshawe House sits in the northwest corner of the Charter Street Cemetery, the oldest cemetery in Salem. It is a large hip roofed Federal style structure, three stories high and four bays wide. The house has been altered considerably on the exterior; the original clapboards of the wooden structure have been covered with asphalt shingles, the original chimneys and shutters have been removed and additional windows added. In 1896 the house was moved back several feet in order to widen the sidewalk. In 1915 fire damaged the interior. After repairs were made the house was used as a boardinghouse, and the front entrance was moved to the Essex Institute to preserve it. The Pickman House, whose c.1638 or c.1680 dates are a subject of much controversy (discussed under significance) , is situated on the corner of Charter and Liberty Streets. This early 2' story wooden building was extensively restored and renovated in 1972-73, and little of the original fabric remains. • The Charter Street Cemetery is situated between the two historic houses. St is the oldest burying ground in Salem and one of the oldest in the country, having been in use before 1637. Its original name was the "Burying Point" because of its location on a bluff overlooking the South River. within its confines are the gravestones of many early settlers. The cemetery is a well kept up area and contains gravemarkers typical of the 17th and 18th centuries. I • SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE-- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW • _PREHISTORIC -ARCHEULUGY-PREHISTORIC -COMMUNITY PLANNING _LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _RELIGION -1400-1499 -ARCH EOLOGY-HISTORIC _CONSERVATION _LAW _SCIENCE _1500.1599 -AGRICULTURE _ECONOMICS 7LLITERATURE _SCULPTURE 7-1600-1699 XARCHITECTURE _EDUCATION _MILITARY -SOCIAUHUMANITARIAN X1700-1799 -ART _ENGINEERING _MUSIC _THEATER X1800-1899 _COMMERCE -E%PLORATI O N/SETTLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY TRANSPORTATION -1900- _COMMUNICATIONS _INDUSTRY -POLITICS/GOVERNMENT _OTHER(SPECIFY) -INVENTION SPECIFIC DATES c.1637, c.1770 BUILDER/ARCHITECT STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Charter Street Historic District contains the only remaining elements of the thriving business and residential neighborhood that once stood here, created in part by the neighborhood's proximity to the South River which formerly extended to the foot of Liberty Street. The area also has strong associations with the earliest settlers in Salem as well as literary associations with Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Peabody sisters. Although the neighborhood-:surrounding the Grimshawe House and the Pickman House has disappeared through decay and urban renewal, and even though both of the re- maining .houses have been considerably altered, they.still retain the significance they acquired through being associated with the neighborhood. The Grimshawe House (c.1770) has additional significance because of its associations with the Peabody • family and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Dr. Nathaniel Peabody, a dentist and general physician, lived in the house with his family from 1835 to 1841. It was to this house that Nathaniel Hawthorne came and courted Sophia Peabody, and the house became the setting for the novel Dr. Grimshawe's Secret.. In the story he vividly describes the house and the burying ground next door, both of which found their way into many of his other works. Horace Mann, the notable-_educator, was a frequent visitor to the house when he was courting Mary Peabody. Her sister Elizabeth Palmer Peabody became one of the foremost women in the literary circles of her day. Her association with the Transcendentalists, Emerson, Thoreau, Alcott, and the feminist Margaret Fuller is well known. Elizabeth's untiring efforts were also responsible for the estab- lishment of the kindergarten in America. The Charter Street Cemetery (Burying Point) is historically significant as the oldest burying ground in Salem,c.1637, and because of the many early settlers that are buried here. These include Captain Richard More whose gravestone is the only one of a Mayflower passenger known to exist. Also buried here are Nathaniel Mather, the younger brother of Cotton Mather; Samuel McIntire, Salems' renowned woodcarver; Rev. John Higginson; Chief Justice Benjamin Lynde; Judge Hathorne of the witchcraft court; and Governor Simon Bradstreet. The oldest stone is that of "Doraty, wife to Philip Cromwell," 1673. Earlier settlers were probably buried here, but none of the stones remains. .Near "Doraty's" gravestone is that of Miss Mary Cromwell, dated 1683. This is thought to be the"finest and only perfect example of its ancient gravestones known to exist • in the country, and one of the two or three now standing in New England."1 1Essex Institute, visitor's Guide to Salem, (1937 edition) IMMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 1. Reardon, Elizabeth K., Salem Historic District Study Committee Report, 1968, Salem Public Library 2. Tharp, Louise Hall, The Peabody Sisters of Salem, 1950 • 3. Hoyt, Edwin P., The Peabody Influence, 1968 4. Essex Institute, Visitor's Guide to Salem, 1902,1937 — 5. Registry of Deeds, Salem, Massachusetts 6. Gavenda, David T., The Goult-- _ . IIIIIWId GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Dickman House in Salem, Massac usetts 191 ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY One acre UTM REFERENCES All 9131414151210 &ZL0.914gA l BL l_J 1 ZONE EASTING- NORTHING ZONE EASTING NORTHING�� CLIJIIIIIIIIIIII , . j DW LLL- „ lrlrl VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION The district is bounded on the north by Charter Street; on the east by Liberty Street to the southerly end of the Pickman House property line, then south along the Charter Street Cemetery's eastern boundary, to Derby Street. The southern boundary continues along Derby Street to the westerly boundary line of the Cemetery, then goes north along.that boundary and west of the Grimshawe House to Charter Street. LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE CODE COUNTY 'CODE STATE CODE COUNTY CODE • EIFORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE Christine Boulding, Assistant Survey Director, bV Jacob S. Wolfson, Historic. Salem, ORGANIZATION DATE Inc. Massachusetts Historical Commission February. 6, 1975 STREET&NUMBER TELEPHONE 40 Beacon Street 617-727-8470 CITY OR TOWN STATE Boston - Massachusetts ®STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: NATIONAL_ STATE_ LOCAL As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Aut of 1966(Public Law 89-665),l hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. ! FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE � Nl V . (.V}7�T [C-[L��1 L TITLE Massachusetts State Historic Preservation Officer DATE F RNPS•USEONLY � En $£ r� ® p� < HEREBY,CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED3N THE NA7r IphI,Arf_�'1EGl,STER a, a;:M ,'?,'m?�;� m avw• ::� as,e .* ,a A..X: i & aa>...: .. s^� DATE 'a w OIREC76R,,OFFICEOF A A C H EOCO GYAND ti ISTORIC PR ES E RVATION_ %• *'�'� a .� ATTEST. �•� <�,� a*a' ��.A . s e A �" DAT : a A a s KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER - .� s s .� `- , ,� .may,. am r a S x 1^ s _I - e R x y x ep.: b.•s&rY'A •:. ,a�x 3 n.S,.a.C $ e � N: • s $' Form No.10-301 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED SKATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR N.PS:USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES • PROPERTY MAP FORM ATEENTEREO. SEE INSTRUCTIONS I N HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- ENCLOSE WITH MAP NAME HISTORIC Charter Street Historic District AND/OR COMMON LOCATION CITY.TOWN Salem _VICINITY OF COUNTY Essex STATE14assachusett MAP REFERENCE SOURCE Sketch map SCALE None DATE December 1974 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS - 1. PROPERTY BOUNDARIES • 2. NORTH ARROW 3. UTM REFERENCES U , I ` J] i a ' 41 r 1 V } X I U I I f ,Form No. 10-301a IRev..10-741 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECEIVED • PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM P:TE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Charter Street Historic District AND/OR COMMON LOCATION CITY,TOWN Salem _VICINITY OF COUNTY Essex STATE I'4ass. PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Jacob S. Wolfson DATE OF PHOTO December 1974 NEGATIVEFILEDAT Historic Salem Inc. , Box 865, Salem, 14assachusetts Ed IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW.DIRECTION,ETC.IF DISTRICT,GIVE BUILDING NAME&STREET PHOTO NO. 1 • Grimshawe House, 53 Charter Street East Facade • Ng b•;lT� ISO z l cr-- em t fw. e M ._ " t�Ia� � F a IIt__ :. Mil;s� l �, ifs•'"' #. i �..�,ax • �� =wax" •y �� ! � fya� m> �ncYE,:'ecss a'tv:.,. ^ T 45,E � > 1 .Sbt, nand StI S ,ti .: :v- a ��$1 �'7 a �"�'�yr � r '�,� to ��,>•m�,$�?a a•� 1 PEI uan' 4g 'YZA rl ]► u kfh,�,,M us � �� Form No. 10-301a (Re, 10-741 UNITED STATES DEP ARTMENTOI- THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECEIVED • PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM ATE'.ENTERED SEE I N ST R U CT IO N S I N HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Charter Street Historic District AND/OR COMMON LOCATION CITY.TOWN Salem _ _VICINITY OF COUNTY Essex STATE 14ELSS. PHOTO REFERENCE ' PHOTO CREDIT Jacob S. Wolfson DATE OF PHOTO December 1974 NEGATIVEFILEDAT Historic Salem Inc., Pox 865, SalemF 14assachusetts IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW,DIRECTION,ETC.IF DISTRICT.GIVE BUILDING NAME&STREET PHOTO NO. 2 • Pickman House, 20 Liberty Street eastern gable. end, north facade I i • t ARA y " r c 4L SAM l� ✓ ' p x .3 M r Form No. 10-361a IRev..10-74) UNITED S1 ATES DEPARTMENT OI THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECEIVED ' , • PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS I N HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Charter Street Historic District AND/OR COMMON LOCATION CITY,TOWN Salem _VICINITY OF COUNTY Essex STATE 19ass. PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Jacob S. Wolfson DATEOFPHOTO December 1974 NEGATIVEFILEDAT Historic Salem Inc. , PDX 865, Salem, 14assachusetts IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW,DIRECTION.ETC.IF DISTRICT,GIVE BUILDING NAME&STREET PHOTO NO. 3 Charter Street Cemetery . looking south • a i��JL. ��1�i� ��•"''j�"�t�' I V «r�Y112 G"1'.� �t'i�GY ��i � �t et ��`�F�.�k0yAI O�4a� ��If a � t � a�F. �+�� 1�l y •. 2 `7 � I'{e�a�'`iYY o`�\' "�1 n��r� �'�7♦.i 1 /"�fi f� 1_ s�r i�rt { � LN"r��t � f im�$Ji4��n5 C }' n RX ,{s u ... i� kl ra' x'r aiw.I..pe�1}1. . p �cr e+ F+".— '♦kxP � lC " �'Lw.1�s�.,'�y��°�-,�.$,i��i '. n v r a,<pbur e w _•�5, 3v Ip nI,j. t},�'F.a S r X Z } iv Al. ` + 12 J y' Y R d II,� � i! ti+ � � < kyle;• � r : r � ��dY�� r�� t r k ted•- k I! k <1" '+3 �. ` r< 8 9 • Form No. 10-301 lRer 10-741 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED : NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES • PROPERTY MAPF ORM ATE ENT€RED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- ENCLOSE WITH MAP NAME HISTORIC Charter Street Historic District AND/OR COMMON LOCATION CITY.TOWN Salem _VICINITY OF COUNTY Essex sTATEI4assachusett MAP REFERENCE SOURCE United States Geological Survey SCALE 1:21000 DATE 1970 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. PROPERTY BOUNDARIES • 2. NORTH ARROW 3. UTM REFERENCES l wu „ -zt�O�( yoo SCJ�rn : v a�Ff n t. wB J",. I(c�jnkti 60 AI ! y/�/sem 1 24' I� l, k- � �f� ie 11 o�' o f i1.`Liekcripu. h m to Substa J Park Ff�l �j✓ tf1s� �lem�l �� • ' ip*Salem Terminal aNieo II\ 1 ,.l • M yp if / % 1 "S� a y o _ t, \T t slo�¢�5�te _ __ _ l.rir2rter :.tl.L'eet ��5'i.0 l'1C i �' \ h Es, l v a. . `+k n l • „y istrict, 5alen, U1).`I referel7Ce: „ .� AseoPs mid \\��,wna�t 19/344520/4709080r J 32 r Long Pt �1 � PPP Palmer �AacKs Cove �Substa LJ IU ti _ _ \\b \ male 1 I \ y J / u �� sr +`Palmer \ ospilzl \�� IN A. 4708 j 47070wo N 5' 343 1 344 • ora ��A 42°30' I SWAMPSCOTT 2.3 Ml. EY345O.O..E.o 70"52'30" ,LE ROAD CLASSIFICATION Primary highway, Light-duty road, hard or �@< hard surface._ _-.... improved surface Secondary highway, e� o hard surface Unimproved road �'FSOL Interstate Route - Q U, S. Route OState Route i MASS. QUADRANGLE LOCATION SALEM, MASS. N4230—W7052.5/7.5 1970 AMS 6869 III SW—SERIES V814 • Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPART MENT OF THE I NTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED i NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY-- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 2 Also buried here is Doctor Swinnerton, Physician, who died in 1688. Nathaniel Hawthorne used this name in many of his stories, including "The House of Seven Gables" and the "Doliver Romance." The burial ground itself was often visited by Hawthorne who made free use of it in his novels. The Pickman House is at present embroiled in a controversy involving its date of construction. It was recognized as an early American House in 1964 by members of Historic Salem when certain distinguishing features were recognized under a mansard roof. The earliest date attributed to it, c.1638, is based on a grant of land to William Goult from the town of Salem in that year. Since Goult was married it is reasonable to assume that he built a house on this land. Second mention of the land and a house is found in a deed,transferring the house and land to Samuel Pickman in 1660. According to Abbot Cummings of the SPNEA the house that Goult built and that Samuel Pickman acquired in 1660 was located on a plot of land next to the site of the present house, and that contemporary inventories indicate the c.1638 Goult House was inexpensive to build. The house now standing at 20 Liberty Street has fine original 17th century carved posts, and would have been • expensive to build. On the basis of this information and on stylistic evidence, Abbot Cummings attributes a c.1680 date to the house. In spite of the dispute over the date and identity of the house, it is important as one of the few remain- ing 17th century houses in New England. The history of the house becomes less confused as time passes, however. Benjamin Lynde, Jr. , Judge and Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was the most famous owner. It was under his jurisdiction that the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre were acquitted. One of the boarders in the house when it was owned by Captain Woodbridge Grafton, shipmaster, (c.1800) was Michele Felice Corne, an Italian painter who came from Naples in 1799. Corne', one of the great marine artists of his time, held painting classes for children in the house. Many of his paintings are on display at the Peabody Museum, in Salem. Corne is also supposed to have introduced the tomato, as an edible fruit, to America. The House was completely "restored" in 1972-73, and while the roof and much of the trim is new fabric, the frame, with its finely carved posts, is original. The restoration of the fireplace, roof and trim was based on detailed research and physical evidence and the house retains its architectural significance as a 17th century structure. • Y STATE: • Form 10-300 'UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - (Rev. 6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - COU NTYt �• i NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY — NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY DATE (Type all entries complete applicable sections) 7. ivAME COMMON: t Charter Street Historic District ANO/OR HISTORIC: ' 2 LOCATION:,4 STREET ANO_ NUMBER: 53 Charter & 20 Libertv Streets CITY OR TOWN: \!CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:- Salem Sixth STATE CODE COUNTYT CODE -Massachusetts Essex Cr GLASWFICATION sn CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS ACCESSIBLE (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC Z ® District ❑ Building ❑ Public Public Acquisition: M Occupied Yes: ' - ❑ Sift I❑ .PrIVato - ❑ In Process Unoccupied ® Restricted ❑ Structure ❑ vp' Beth - Being Considered ❑ Unrestricted ❑ Object ❑ ❑ Preservation Work in progresr ❑ No V PRESENT USE (Check One ouNore es Appropriate) ❑ Agricultural ❑ Government ❑ Park ❑ Transportation ❑Comments ❑.Commercial ❑ Industrial M Private Residence ®Other (Specify). ❑ Educational ❑ Military ❑ Religious Cemetery N ❑ Entertainment ❑ Museum ❑ Scientific _ Z !4,r,OWNER OFPROPE RTY OWNER'S NAME: y D y W STREET AND NUMBER: W N CITY OR TOWN: - STATE: !ODF 1 5. LOCATIONOF LE GAL COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF OEED5, ETC: n' O Registry of Deeds § STREET AND NUMBER: -1 2 Federal Street CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE Salem Massachusetts 1 6. '+REF?RESENTATION.IN EXISTING SURVEYS - R( TITLE OF SURVEY:. Z H i ➢ m DATE OF SURVEY: ❑ Federal ❑ state ❑ Covnfy ❑ Local I i A DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: C1 Zm j Dirn N STREET AND NUMBER: A m O Z CITY OR TOWN: STATE: K O D H m 7. O�SCRIPTION . t - (Check O.n.) - • - ❑ E.ca Nent r] Good El Fair ❑ Cetariom red ❑ R.in. C3Une.pm ed - CONDITION p (Check One) (Check Ons) �. Ck Al-.,.d ❑ Unaltered [] 4eY.d Ori ginaf Site - DESCRIBE THE PRE5ENT AND ORIGINAL(i/known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE - The Charter Street Historic District consists of the I Grimshawe House, the Pickman House, and the Charter Street Cemetery (Burying Point ) . The Grimshawe House, c.1770, sits along the westerly side of Burying Point, the oldest cemetery in Salem. It is a large hip roofed Federal period dwelling, three stories high and three bays wide. OF wooden construction, its original clapboards have been covered with asphalt shingles. The house has been altered considerably on the exterior. The original chimneys and shutters have been removed and additional windows have been added. In 1896 the house was moved back several feet in order to widen the sidewalk. . In 1915 a fire damaged the interior. After repairs were made it became a boardinghouse and the front entrance was. removed to the Essex Institute where . it is preserved. The Pickman House, c. 1660, is situated on the corner of Charter and Liberty Streets. Of wooden construction, this very m early dwelling has undergone a great deal of recent restoration and rennovation, M Situated between these two historic houses is the Charter Street Cemetery. This is the oldest burying ground in Salem z and one of the oldest in the country having been in use N before 1637. Its original name was the "Burying Point" due to its location on a bluff overlooking the South River. Within -q its confines are the gravestones of many early settlers. x n 0 z A SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD (Check One or More sa Appropriate) 1. ❑ Pr.-Columbiana ❑ 16th Century E 18th Century f ❑ 20th Century ❑ 15th Century 17th Century V1 191h.Century � t 1 SPECIFIC OATEISI (11 Applicable end Known) F' AREAS OF SIiNIFICANCE (Check One-'-$fore as APPropdate) - Abori9inal ❑ Education ❑ Political ❑ Urban Planning ❑ Prehistoric ❑ Engineering. ❑ Historic - ❑. Religken. Phi- ❑ Other (Speck ry) ❑ Industry losophy ❑ AgriculNro ❑ Invention ❑ science ❑ Architecture' - ❑ Landscape ❑ scu 1ptme ❑ Art Architecture ❑ social/Human- ❑ Commerce ® Literature - itarian ❑ Communications Cl Military ❑ Theater ❑ Conservation Music CD Music Transportation STATEMENT OF SIGN,FICANCE The Charter Street Historic District is bounded by Charter and Liberty Streets', and the westerly and southerly . �+ sides of the Charter Street Cemetery (Burying Point ) . Z In the early years,-of the city, the South River extended o to the foot of Liberty Street. Due to its proximity to the river, this was a thriving- business and residential neighbor- ' hood. Although many former buildings have disappeared due to decay and urban renewal, two of the most important ones remain. These along with the Charter Street Cemetery are all that remain of this fine old neighborhood. x The Grimshawe House, a Federal period dwelling, is { historically significant because of its association with the +j Peabody sisters and Nathaniel Hawthorne. , The Peabody family resided here from 1835 until 1841. z Dr. Nathaniel Peabody, a dentist and general physician, — conducted his practice here and it was in this house that Nathaniel Hawthorne courted his daughter, Sophia. LU The house became the setting for Hawthorne 's' novel, Li "Dr. Grimshawe 's Secret". In the story he vividly describes the house and its neighboring burying ground. The house and burying ground also found their way into many other of Hawthorne 's works. Horace Mann, the notable educator was a frequent visitor to 53 Charter Street when he was courting Mary Peabody. Elizabeth Palmer Peabody became one of the foremost women in the literary circles of her day. Her association with the Transcendentalists, Emerson, Thoreau, Alcott , and the feminist Margaret Fuller is well known, and her untiring efforts were also responsible for the establishment of. the kindergarten in America. 1 The historical significance of the Charter Street Cemetery 1 (Burying Point ) is due to its being the oldest burying ground in Salem, c.1637 and to the many early settlers that• are buried here. (CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE) i i r A o Ferro 10.3000 -UNITED SATES (DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - - STATE + V.Ir 1959) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY INVENTORY • NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUM3ER DATE i (Continuation Sheet). (N�ber efl enfdeeJ 8. SIGNIFICANCE (Continued) ' Captain Richard More, a Mayflower pastenger is buried here, His gravestone is the only one of a Mayflower passenger known to exist. Also buried here are Nathaniel Mather, younger brother of Cotton Mather; Samuel McIntire, SalemsT renowned woodcarver; Rev, John Higginson; Chief Justice Benjamin Lynde; Judge Hathorne of the witchcraft court; and Governor Simon Bradstreet. The Piekman House, c.1660, is a wooden dwelling in the English-Elizabethan style, which has undergone many alterations. Its most famous owner was Benjamin Lynde Jr. , Judge and Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was under his prisdiction that the British soldiers, involved in the stor, Massacre; were acquitted. One of the boarders in this.: house when it was owned by Captain Woodbridge Grafton, shipmaster, was Michele Felice' Corne, an Italian painter who came from Naples in 1799. Corne, one of the great marine artists of his time, held painting classes for children in this house. Many of his paintings are on display at the Peabody Museum, in Salem,'.:.Corne is also supposed to have introduced the tomato as- an edible fruit, to America. G P 0 521.]24 9.-MAJORBIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ' 1. Reardon, Elizabeth K•, Salem Historic District Stud Committee Report, 1968, Salem Public Library 2:, Tharp, Louise Hall, The Peabody Sisters of Salem, 1950 3, Hoyt, Edwin P, , The Peabod Infuence, 19 4. Essex Institute, iissitor's uide to Salem, 1902 5, Registry of Deeds, Salem,- Mass. 10- GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE ANC LONGITUDE COORDINATM$ DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PRO-EPTY 0 DEFINING TH< CGNTaR POINT OF A PNOPERTY R OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degress Minutes Seconds NW o Is o • , o NE o • a SE o o SW 9 0 APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: One acre N (LIST ALL STATESANDCOUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE m M STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE Z N STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE I 't1- FORM PREPARED BY C :. . NAME AND TITLE: n ORGANIZATION DATE STREET AND NUMBER: Q Z CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE N 12. STATE LiAlsON OFFICER.0 RTIFICAI ION NATIONAL:REGISTER VERIFICATION As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- - tinsel Historic Preservation Act of 1966(Public Law I hereby certify that this property is included in the 89-665), 1 hereby nominate this property.for inclusion National Register. in the National Register and certify that it has been - evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set _ forth by the National Park Service. The recornatended level of significance of this nomination is: Director, Office of Archeology and Historic Preeerre Non National ❑ State ❑ Local ❑ Dste ' Name ATTEST: I Title Keeper of The National Register Date Date GPO 931.894 6 Form No. 10.301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE,INTERIOR - srwrE Rev.7-72 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - 1 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY PROPERTY MAP FORMFOR NPs USE ONLY y (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) ENTRY NUMBER DATE Z t. NAME ., ._. .. O COMMON: AND/OR HISTORIC: E.. 2:, LOCATtON ' U - STREET AND NUM BER: CITY OR TOWN: STATE: CODE COUNTY: H CODE Z 1 MAP=REFERENCE SOURCE: W CALE: W DATE: 4: REQUIREMENTS N TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS L Property broundories where required. - 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference. it U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-729-148/1441 3-1 I i 1 - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FORM 10-301 A - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 16/121 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) 1. NAME COMMON AND/OR HISTORIC NUMERIC CODE (Assigned by NPS) 2. LOCATION STATE COUNTY TOWN STREET AND NUMBER 3. PHOTO REFERENCE ill PHOTO CREDIT DATE NEGATIVE FILED AT 4. IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC. - i L�$ i2r)/ QK S Td1E�T a° Ul � A x v I � Poarb of (geme#eq Tammissioners Leonard B. Ives, Chairman 4 +t Mary E. Freeman John B. Giunta, Secretary m q Clerk Bertrand G. Voyer �cpm+e ( RU of *UICUI Aassac4use##s January 9, 1975 The Honorable Jean A. Levesque City Hall Salem, Massachusetts Dear Mayor Levesque: In reply to your letter of December 27, 1974, regarding the designation of Charter Street Cemetery, along with the Grimshawe House and the Pickman House, to be part of "Charter Street Historic District" , I have discussed this with Mr. Senko and the other two members of the Cemetery Commission. I feel that we have considered this matter from all angles, and the Commission recommends that the City proceed to include Charter Street Cemetery as part of "Charter Street Historic District. " If there is anything further you may wish of the Cemetery Commission, feel free to call on us. With all best wishes , —E� aA jmq�� Leonard B. Ives I/F Chairman 1g 1915 ��P pR 5 OFF�c� Aloe, Q Ve C/ Y� 7 ✓Llaooac%tt:�efb .��fanlcal �{aantmzi�oion 72 7411 7t9 Soy-qe `6. .� PROPOSED NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION — NOTIFICATION TO OWNER Date December 20, 1974 To City of Salem Address City Hall, 93 Washington St. , Salem, Mass. 01970 . , From Massachusetts Historical Commission Subject National Register of Historic Places This is to notify you that the following property: Name Charter Street Historic District ( Charter St. Cemetery. Grimshawe House, 53 Charter St. ; Piclmaan House, 20 Liberty St. ) Address is being considered by the Massachusetts Historical Commission for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. (See attached explanation of the National Register program.) The National Register affords recognition and protection for districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant in American history, architecture, archeology, and culture. Listing a property in the National Register places no restrictions on the owner's actions unless Federal funding or licensing. is involved.. Please acknowledge receipt of this notification by signing below and returning this form to the Massachusetts Historical Commission, 40 Beacon Street, Boston 02108. A copy is enclosed for your records. If you have any questions, please contact Mrs. Elizabeth R. Amadon, State Survey Director, at the Commission office. Signature L L' /l� Date MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION - 40 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02108 (617) 727-8470 THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES IS EFFECTIVE IN THREE AREAS: PROTECTION, GRANTS, AND RECOGNITION THE FOLLOWING ARE QUESTIONS COMMONLY ASKED ABOUT THE NATIONAL REGISTER: Q. How does the National Register of Historic Places listing protect my building or neighborhood? A. National Register designation affords, in addition to recognition, protection from Federally funded or Federally licensed projects which might have an adverse effect on the property or might jeopardize the significance and character of the area. Indirectly, these National Register properties are also afforded similar protection from state funded projects. Federal and state examples include urban renewal and highway construction projects. Q. How can I," as a National Register property owner, benefit from this designation? A. Aside from offering protection and recognition, National Register listing makes a property owner eligible to apply for grants-in-aid assistance for up to 50% of the cost of acquisition or preservation of the property. These Federal preservation funds are allocated to the states by the National Park Service in Washington and are allocated and administered on the local level by the Massachusetts Historical Commission. Q. Does the National Register listing restrict my use or treatment of my home or structure? A. No. As long as no Federal funds or Federal licenses are involved, there is no control over an owner's use or treatment of any National Register property. It is hoped, however, that the present physical character of the structure or area will continue to be maintained. Q. What if I want to protect my building from being altered or demolished by subsequent owners? A. An •owner can consult with his/her lawyer to place preservation restrictions in the property deed. Q. Does the National Register recognition mean that the state or Federal government is interested in buying the property? A. Absolutely not. It is merely a means of alerting the property owner and all Federal agencies that the listed property holds a certain intrinsic value as an historical, architectural, or archeological site. Q. Do I receive a plaque for this recognition? A. No, but an owner does receive an official letter of notification from the Secretary of the Commonwealth. An owner may place a plaque on his/her building if he/she wishes. -.e.,•„�.�,�C _� �„rm.ice.- - '"p __. I � n �miinn m, •• � � I ! h I I' 11 l� fl 9 � I I IIf _ .IIIIIII10 Wpr� � i �, ,a;tr . ,•I �- �� - jll II �>� �� ; _, '�,!:, � ;, 'I � I r ,��•i oil ��I n. I .A114W I .Y M1.1'4 0 1 I 'ii ► c l I , Neg. no,_iL=+ THIS PHO TOGRAP H IS FURNISHED FOR STUDY. purposes only. WRITTEN PERMIS- SION MUST BE O TAMED FOR ANYY, OTHER USE, ESSEX INSTITUTE, SALEM, MASS. r � . L it e IIII,'�i i �s �s ■yg �� f vr7 TZ -u-- � _ �c°� v"'"'w•�.�.a��a`'<�"t'�i 'mss �' r -, .+n }.{� w F ikf7' ��.an..,.-. "sx...7tS 5 3.,,F f y�3- s` ..�-•. �t A Negative number' 394 Accession number: Subject: Salem, Charter St . , 53 door ---- house , 1790 , Dr . Nathaniel Pea- body residence 1838. Scene of Hawthorne ` s-Dr. Grimshawe ' s Secret . Remodelled 1915 forO lodging house . mnoa$9p Photographer: This photograph may be reproduced only upon written permission of the Essex Institute, Salem.The following credit line must be used either adjacent to the production or in the caption for the same: Courtesy, Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. ESSEX INSTITUTE Collection of Negatives of Historical and Architectural Subjects pypq SALEM, MASS. y000000m0000000a00000000m000aoo ' Neg. no 3.9 THIS PH6T-d APH IS FURNISHED FOR STUDY l:,.sposss clt.fy. VIRITTEN FERMIS. SION M"US'e BE OBTAINED FOR ANY, OTHER US' . ESSEX INSTITUTE, SALEM, MASS, B/n Sheet l MASSACIMSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION - APPLICATION FOR NATIONAL REGISTER SUPMISSION Recorder (s) Representative Organization Date Address - PART I - I. Category (circle one) Area Building Structure site object .. - - Definitions: Area A significant concentration or linkage of buildings, sites, structures or objects unified by past events or aethetically by plan or physical development, either urban or rural, which is geographically definable. (Tuildinib A structure created to shelter any form of human activity by nature or design intended to be immovable. Structure A work constructed by man. Site The location of an event, and/or the location of the incomplete remains of a building, structure or object. Object A material -thing of functional,. aesthetic, cultural, historical or scientific value that is usually, by nature or design, movable. Property The area, site, building, structure or object and whatever surroundings constitute an integral part of the historic 1e1ntity. II. Name (Historic) �6-, G rl i11 S\\) CXw(2, f1 Q�e Town S a I e y-yl (any historical name) 1f (4ommon) C'km( "h -yj TIOUS e County � e x (current common name) c III.Location (present location) (A. Street address) (B. If the submission is an area or site, give a written description-of the _ boundaries. The description should coincide with the map submitted.) (C. If the submission is a building or. structure in a rural area, give the number of miles and compass direction from the nearest major intersecting street, naming that street.) M assachu cttd historical Commi ;ion - 6/71 - - 1 Sheet 2 APPLICATION FOR NATIONAL REGISTER SUIRIISSION for Dr, C)c�.MS.. QWe_ "OUSQ F IV. Ownership Information - . A. Type of. Ownership (circle one) Public ClErvava Both ("public" - owned by federal, state, county, municipality. ) B.- " List all legal owners of a building, structure, site or object. Correct legal title of owner rnA (' )f-kE+lne n irhCh Address : _ S Q1C]t �Pr <S Ssl -em Ma2,3 C)2-7 Q� Address C. If public acquisition in process or being considered? (answer yes, no) (If the answer is "yes", explain in detail. on Continuation Sheet. ) 11 D. Location of .legal description of property* tzSgeX CC �isl �"1 �GP_Q �S1Y a o� Address r �A F l Ct1 �7"I . Town �-P IV1 E. Number of acres of property submitted (� O *Note: In most cases, legal descriptions will be filed in appropriate Registry V. Classification of Deeds. A. Is the property occupied_ unoccupied '(check one) Is preservation work in progress (answer yes, no) (If the answer is "yes", explain in detail the work being carried out on Continuation Sheet.) B. FIs the property accessible to the general public (answer yes, no) If the answer is "yes", is this access restricted? (answer yes, no) State restrictions= by scheduled hours by appointment contact (name/address) C. Is the building', structure, site, object visible from a public way? S� P,S (answer yes, no) `, " Sheet 3 ;.ash .c. sac ttf: 11jFtori,cal_ Commi ,aion - B/71 r G\ LIC).0 APN,ICATION roR NATIONAL REGISTER SU11MISSIoN - V. Classification, continued. - - - - D. What is the present use of the building? (check those useswhich apply and state how each applies.) - Agricultural . _ commercial _ Educational _ Entertainment _ Government. -� - Industrial _ Military Museum Park _-Private Residence - _ Religious _ Scientific Transportation C�. other (specifPC hnv VI. Relationship of property to municipal and regional plans A. Are any of the following plans in existence in the municipality? (For each "yes" answer, state in the provided spaces (a) The title of the plan or program; (b) the date of issue; (c) agency responsible for creating the plan; (d) the context in which the property is mentioned or any proposal which affect the property. Quote applicable plan, or, if quote is long, enclose copy of pertinent material.) 1. The local preservation plan (b) (a) (c) (d) 2. the local conservation plan (b) (a) (c) (d) 3, the master plan for the town/city (b) (a) (c) - . (d) Massac-hujetts historical Commission � Sheet '4 jWPLICATION FOR NATIONAL REGISTER SUBMISSION for VI. Velationship of property to municipal and regional plans, continued. A4. an urban renewal plan for the municipality8 e__S (a) (b) * (d) 5. a regional plan (a) (b) (c) (d) _. 6. any local or regional highway or road program (a) (b) (c) *(d) *If the property is not affected by these particular plans, write in "Not Applica ." B. Has the property been included in a local inventory answer yes, no) 1 1 Title of Survey�p {'1�p�-�r�� Vp4y�d- "SA-Aia Cnt(N152Q k'c)n Date INO 6 Responsible agency J Repository of records TU.V c Lk-ccc1� 71E_�sae>Z -\1"s3-I Has the property been recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey? n �1 Date Call number (MASS- - ) C. Is the property part of an established historic district, or part of a proposed historic district (General Laws, Chapter 40C, or special act)?WD Title of district Date adopted D. Is the property in anoperatingurban renewal or modelcitiesarea? n Title of area fl P_r ITCQCIC �C12CC G��1 l�f.gQ(1 Pcnt\oQx f f�� Name and address of agency n 1-em Massachusetts Historical Co:m i ;siohp Sheet 5 A�,PLICATION FOR NATIONAL REGIS FR SuBNISSION for. N l �r \('gl$�p�.e �60 SQ. VII. -Physical Appearance - The completeness of statements of physical appearance and the accuracy of their documentation willdetermine the speed with which the Commission will act upon your request. Use separate sheets A. Setting. Points to cover. - Describe �1 the compass direction property faces; ' (2) the street patterns, street hardware; (3) the open space: green and hard landscape; special landscape features; (4) the effect of the topography upon 'the property (cross-reference this to the statement of historical-significance-Section D) ; - ( the architecture, condition and use of neighboring building; for an area, the location of the building or structures in the area and their set-back from the street!.` B. Description. Give a full description of the present physical appearance of the area, building, structure, site, or object. This statement should include any known information on the original condition and later alter- ations. Dates. Be sure to explain how the specific construction date of a building is determined. A submission will be rejected if a building is given a date which precedes its obvious architectural style unless adequate documentation for this earlier date is supplied. The elements which date from the preceding eras must be identified and the date (s) of the alteration (s) ,to the present architectural style given. When a specific date can not be supplied, approximate dates may be used (i.e. early 18th century = 1700-1735; mid-18th century :b 1735-65; late 18th century = 1765-1800) . Areas. Points which should be explained. In order that the Commission may know the exact location of each building a in an area, be sure to identify in pencil on a map each building mentioned in the statement and cross-reference this identification to the statement. a. number of buildings in the area; b,. present use of the buildings and structures; C. date of each building or structure (approximate dates will suffice for supportive buildings) ; d. description of the most important structures and buildings in the area (see 2 below) and any alterations or additions with dates; e. description of the present architectural relationship of the buildires to each other (how does the area hang together architecturally?) ; f. description of the original appearance of the area noting additions and alterations and their dates. Document, giving sources for this information. C Lc / 2s�1 �� rx-&o —QJYrsz� � 1 P C--4 y( arc !h �t �� y Q�J7 - - - - C cz, CJ ��)�� C�(11_,('�,c/yl� � n r. �� .• �—._�l__R� Com: r CUL. 'AIMLOZI �m(ac_w� a�� -- __ �-, tib �� - - - - �� Rj2 . c1 )j l all Hca r e .� _ an� max 03Q : ( - C � ( <L4o'LeD'v do -- ---- - - - -- - MIL 1) - C — _ _ o W(-,, A � nAfoJ JUALAN,el -)C l roy � � toILS ��A - - = � Q 4 � � A , Q-Z — Massachusetts Historical Commission - - - - ` - Shee1t�._ 6 6APPLICATION FOR NATIONAL REGISTER SUBMISSION FOR VII. ' Physical Appearance, continued. B. Description., Give full description of the present physical appearance of _ the building, structure, site or. object. This statement should include any known information on the original condition and later alterations. 2. Buildings. Points which should be covered. a. Foundation. material; height; architectural details (i.e. entrances , and their location, fenestration, decoration) . b. Size. Number of stories; number of bays on main, side and rear facades. c. Massing/plan, plan of thebuilding; shape of the building. (include location, material and size of pavilions, giant portico arcades, porches. For churches or public buildings, include the location, material and size, number of stages and details of towers d, Walls.:_Covering:primary material; secondary material (s) . location of materials and use. Architectural details: location and material (i.e. stringcourses; blind arches; columns, pilasters, engaged columns, piers; bay windows, buttresses; quoins. e.. Roof. Roof: shap6 and covering material; chimneys: number*, location, material, detonation; dormers: number, location on each facade, shape of dormer roof, decorative features; roof trim at eaves: cornice, bargeboard, brackets, modillions, dentils, parapet, balustrade; roof trim at gables: cornice, bargeboard, parapet; special features: pediment, cupola, metal cresting. f. Entrances. location on walls, size, description of surrounds. g. Fenestration. pattern of windows on all walls; description of pre- dominating window openings; description of predominating surrounds; special window features: location and type (i.e. oval, circular, palladian, Gothic--) . , h. Attachments. Wings, ells: location, size, height, material covering, roof type, date of attachment. i. Additions/changes. List each addition and/or change which creates the present physical appearance; the date of each addition or charge. Note changes in location on this site or relocation to present site- with dates. j. Supportive buildings. Describe briefly the location and design of any outbuildings -stables, barns, garages, conservatories- which add to the significance of the building. Massachusetts. historical Conuni,;cion S'h1ect ? " APPLICATION FOR NATIONALBGGISTLR SURt4ISSION for_DL Er-1YYl S)Npl.o }-Sg�f CQ VII. Physical Appearance, continued B. Description. Give a full description of the present physical appearance of the site, structure or object. This statement should include any known information on the original condition and later alterations. 3. Sites. Points which should be covered. a. Description of any remains, markers, present topography,and a description of the original appearance-with documentation. b. Did physical nature of site have an effect on events taking place there? Does it explain presence of archeological remains? 4. Structures: Points which should be covered. __ . ,. a. Description of the present appearance of the structure. Include all materials, size, shape, and architectural, engineering or artistic details. Note: at times it may be necessary to describe the original appearance of a structure prior to the present appearance. C. Condition. State the present condition of the area, building, structure, site or object. Include any specific needs for repair and needs for pre- servation and/or protection. D. Future Preservation. If the property needs funds for preservation, state the future plans for its continued preservation. Include future maintenance and proposals for future use. - .. Sheet R APPLICATION POR NATIONAL REGISTER SUBMISSION for VIII. Historical Significance - Statements provided here are used by the Review Board of the Massachusetts Historical Commission to determine which properties will be submitted to the National Register of Historic Places and again by the staff of the National Register in Washington to determine which properties will be awarded Register status. Ecraally important, this is the material which the State Liaison Officer ( Chairman of the Massachusetts Historical Commission ) must use to defend a building, structure, site, , area or object under the provisions of Section 106 of the National Historic Preser- vation Act. That section is designed to protect any property listed on the National Register which is endangered by a federally licensed or. federally funded project. Thus, the completeness and accuracy of the information provided now may ultimately determine whether or not a valuable property is preserved. A. 1. What is the period of significance of the property (check one or more as appropriate) ? Pre-Columbian _16th Century _+ _18th: Century _20th Century _15 th Century _17 th Century19th Century 2. If the property has specific dates of primary significance, indicate those dates. 1 -7 (ell 'Statements below should illustrate the significance of these dates. ) B. With which of the following themes is the property associated? An explanation of each association should be incorporated in the answers to the questions which follow. Zboriginal,Prehistoric _Landscape Architecture Aboriginal, HistoricLiterature - - - -- Agriculture Military Architecture Music - Art Political _CommerceReligion/Philosophy Communications Science _Conservation Sculpture - /Education X Social/Humanitarian _Engineering - _Theatre - Industry Transportation Invention Urban Planning i O I� Wil- -- - I ' j _._------t-- -- --- ---------------------- - -� -- -- --- ; - - - -- ----------- ------------ i --�- -- __-+--.. i --- � _-----r -- --__ ------- - - • - � ---- - -- ----a-- -- -----i-- -- --- --- -� -- ---t--- -- --- ------t ---�- ----- � � ' - - - -- r --- --------- i�_- -- ---rt------�- - --- ---� - --- - ----- -------- APPLICP' ION FOR NATIONAL RF.GISTE:R .SUBMISSION for Dr. -Gf1(Y1 i`lq nl „6 Give specific answers to the following questions. Provide the strongest possi--le. case for the significance of the property and document si:atements fully. Use separate shhets. C. Is the property associated with any significant person (s) , .group (s) or event (s) ? If so, explain, including dates. Give a brief summary. of the historical importance of the person (s) , group (s) or event (s) . Document. - - D. In the case of a building, structure, site or area, is or was topography (terrain., natural setting) significant to the historic value of the property? Has topography determined the use of the property? Explain. E. Special considerations for buildings and structures. 1. Who was the architect or engineer (if known) ? 2. Give a brief summary of the historical importance of the architect or engineer. Include the names and locations of other outstanding works by this person. 3. What was the construction date of the building or structure? Why was it built? Were any unusual methods of construction used? Any unusual materials? . What was their source? 4. What place does the building or structure have in the career of its architect or. engineer? Is it an early work? A late Vork? What is its value, compared with other works by the same person? 5. Does the building or structure represent the development of anew style or construction technique (a) in the career if the architect or engineer? (b) in the history of architecture or engineering as a whole? 6. Identify the architect or engineer responsible for each major alteration to the property and give the reason for it. If this is not the original architect or engineer, give a brief summary of the person's historical importance. 7. Is the building or structure primarily valuable to the city or town as an example of a particular style of type? If so, explain. Is it the oldest, best, least altered, what? B. Are there any architectural or engineering features which make the building or structure significant? If so, explain. E� y La--Cucio A, m ON— i<02-- c. t 07-LP ( -0- L -1 J Ct k Yc�u-oma l l� �I , Luru It n -1 ZL GIZ P m � QLkc ��l/) �nC,_ ----- P P _ J - . _ _ �n � / , JAq _ X11 r4ll ' r 17- !/u �JnL �� - 17A QA C� X Q J t R .2 r� � o ( Q CT CUD-) CA-1 -1 c _ no c� C� )A 10 . �� r)��c l� -C ) oz- coC2, --- - Cn nti�—VA&3aff:L -- dor)oc.i_r_a��Mt P w_o-s vices l_ t c�_►_ f-er_�tL� -k -c�.n \ —ice � -�0-4- o ral 1_c��_c� ; near IAe w�pc) _er 1_i S -e-A �- Q.'rn o l l f 'UP L ---- o�s� ��s loLC at-e-&-, - _ c� ees _ce__, -- SHeet 10 APPLICATION FOR NATIONAL REGISTER SU13MISSION for Dr. I(InI,j OOV.�__ a V. 9. Identify any artist whose work (mural, carving, stained glass, etc.) is incor- porated in the building or structure. Give a brief statement of his historical importance. Briefly describe the particular work; if it has already been covered in the physical description, indicate so. 10, }low do landscape or planting features (stone walls, orchards, gardens, etc. ) affect the significance of the property? By whom was the landscaping or planting done? When? 11.. How do supportive buildings (conservatories, barns, stables, etc.) enhance the significance of the property? When were they constructed? Be sure these buildings are described above, under physical appearance. y�. Special considerations for areas. ( 1. Briefly describe the atmosphere of the area (rural, urban, commercial, industrial, what) . 2. What is it that unites individual buildings and structures into an area: historical connection, natural boundaries, past or present use, similar period of construction, similarity of architectural style and landscaping, other? Explain. 3. Does the plan of the area illustrate a particular pattern (grid, square, mall., village or town center, common, industrial or mill area) ? Is this the original plan for the area? Does it represent a change in the pattern of the particular area or in the traditional pattern for areas of this type? Explain. 4. Summarize the important buildings or structures in the area following the outline in Section E, above. Special considerations for archaeological sites. 1. Has the site been excavated? If so, when? By whom? 2. Describe the kind and importance of materials found. Where are the materials being stored? Are any on exhibit? 3. Will more work be done at this site? Explain. a A a - at _ �,-gam - - - - � - - --- -- - rl-- - -- Ire. — - — °�- ' r :. � j \ Sheet 11 nPnLICATION FOR NATIONAL REGISTER_ SUBMISSION for 4, +If the site has not been excavated, are there plans to do so? When? By whom"? 5. What is the potential of the unexcavated site (what is its study expected to reveal) ? , IX. Documentation. . - - A. Provide a list of published works relating to the property; for properties on which a good deal of material is available, cite only major works. Follow standard form for bibliographic citation._ B. List sources of historical, architectural or archaeological information pro- vided in the statements above. Give specific page references as well as standard citations. -Massachusetts Historical Commission - Sheet 12 - APPLICATION POR NATIONAL REGISTER SUBMISSION for �'( G (' \(`(1 S�(�(/� R80 .PART II - PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL The Massachusetts historical Commission needs complete photographic document-atiq.": of any property (ies) to be considered for submission to the .National Register. All photographic prints should be in black and white. (Polaroid cameras should not be used. ) Each photographic print which is submitted should be identified according to the instructions below. The word "print" hereafter shall mean photc- graphic print. Unless indicated in parentheses, prints may be smaller than flinches by 10 inches. - 1. Identification of prints. The reverse side of each print submitted must contain the following information. Town/city. Address Name of Property (if such exists) owner of property Photographer Date of Photograph Location of negative - View (example: North and west facades) Restrictions (specify if photograph was taken on private property. If so, owner's consent must be obtained (a) to take photograph; (b) to reproduce the print) . 2. Submissions necessary. MHC use a. Areas. The following prints should ,be submitted. (1) one print of each builaaing in the area. These prints should show as much of the building as possible. (A photograph taken at an angle will show two sides of a building. ) A separate photograph of noteworthy or compatible buildings, such as barns, stables, should be included. (Note: If the area has been inventoried and is a part of the Commission's Inventory of historic assets, only those buildings in the area which ace not included in the inventory should be photographed.) (2) Prints of one general view of the area, or prints of a group of representative buildings in the area. These must be of a quality suitable for publication. Submit 3 glossy prints 8" x 10" of one of the above views. (3) A colored slide suitable for presentation purposes of one general view of the area, or of a group of representative buildings. Note. Unless landscape and foliage is an integral part of the submission, try to photograph after leaves have fallen. r - Massachusetts Historical Commission Sheet 13 'APPLICATION FOR NATIONAI. REGISTER SUBMISSION FOR D'(", Cn it\ffl L\0CAA l '�I C>\) �e PART II - PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL, ' MHC use b. Individual buildings or structures. The following prints should be submitted: (1) One or more views of the building/structure in its setting, showing, if possible any outbuildings. These must be -of a quality suitable for publication purposes. e Submit 3 glossy prints 8" x 10" of one of the above views. If application for a grant will be made, 5 glossy prints will be necessary. (2) At least one print of each facade of the major building. This must be of a quality suitable for publication purposes. Submit 3 glossy prints 8" x 10" of one view of the main facade. (If application for a grant will be made, 5 prints will be necessary.) (3) Prints of important architectural details, especailly of those which have been described in the physical appearance statement: (4) Prints of interiors of architectural importance. (5) A colored slide suitable for presentation purposes of one general view of the building/structure. c. Sites. The following prints should be submitted. (1) A view of the site and its setting.* This must be of a quality suitable for publication purposes. Submit 3 glossy prints 8" x 10" of this view. (2) One or more views of the site.* These must be of a quality suitable for publication purposes. Submit 3 glossy prints 8" x 10" of one of these views. (3) Prints of any important details.* (4) A colored slide of the view submitted under (2) . " This must be suitable for presentation purposes. * Attach overleaf of paper (onion skin or similar) to each print, on which the compass direction shall be indicated. Top margin of prints should be so labelled. Massachusetts Historical Commi7sion. 1� 1 � Sheet 14 , APPLICATIQN FOR NATIONAL RE'GIS'TER SUF!,MISSION for V'(: 6Y \YYl C�1.cd1aJ 0z' PART III .- CARTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL 1. Submit the type of map which identifies property boundaries and indicate on it the boundaries of the property or area to be considered. If the proposed boundaries do not coincide with the existing recorded legal description of the property, the map should indicate the varience. If an area is submitted, identify each building within the area on a map which shows the boundaries of the district. If a professional map is not available, a carefully handdravm map may be made. Make sure that any maps submitted include , a. Compass direction b. full title of the map and date c. _scale 2. Submit a United States Geological Survey Map with the property located thereon. A section of the pertinent U.S.G.S. map may be submitted if the section is thoroughly identified. Compass directions must be indicated. ilY(tA 4YP of - it '• ca: ,, Peabody was a medical doctor The "Grimshawe" i, and his patients sat in his Sun- ny parlor facing the old."Bury �: y{ '` House �$ Demolition : Eng Ground", wondering whether 'n the good doctor would cure them i v its Fate? or whether they would join those " by Caleb it. Perkins departed souls so close by his Though the sounds of bulldo office. •+^' F T, zers and wrecking cranes fill the His daughters,Elizabeth.Mary y ` air nearby, the House that Natha- - and Sophia were quick literary + - niel .Hawthorne named "Grim minded and their circle of friends - sbawe" still stands. included Emerson,Longfellow and Its existence on Cgarter St: other prominent writers of the ' '!t appears to have begun in 1771, period when the records state that Nli- - litia Colonel Benjamin Pickman $ - (1707-1773) a wealthy Salem mer- Elizabeth's efforts to draw chant and landowner, built this, Nathaniel Hawthorne.out of his "new house near burying ground shell and into the world, led to .y,! ' (Charter Street Cemetary)" fm' � , his visiting the house and Immor- one of his close relatives, pos- talizing hisbook"Dr Grimshawe's sibly a sister. Secret" as well as meeting her + History records that the Pick- sister Sophia and marrying her �+ - ' mans were indeed prolific house The Peabodysappeartohave lived :,. builders in Salem. One of Bens on Charter Street for four yrs. ancestors Nathaniel P Eckman, As the decades passed, the designed the quaint house at the house returned to obscurity and - corner of Liberty and Charter Sty - with the approach of the twen- `' as a wedding present for his son tieth century,its inhabitants came He also constructed a dewllfng . - from a lower strata of society. •' ,. long since gone, towardsthecol The house was moved back sit- ner of Charter and Central St, ghtly from Charter Street, en- . very possibly where the Peabody larged and its doorway removed, p Museum's backyard is presently. as It gradualy began to acquire. Closer to Colonel Pickman's Its present appearance. era, a relative built his birth- Boarders now fill its Teems, _ place, which stood near Sewall St Dr. Peabody's garden disappeared and was destroyed by fire over and the place lost its original 15 thirty years before the Hevolu- chimneys and became swathed 1n tion. At that time there were sideviall. ..various Pickman,estates, one on With Charter Street now 110% - Essex St, another on Washington demolished, It seems that the ., St, and also one off Boston Sl., wrecker's ball will soon visit all of which vanished to decay the "Grinishawe" .house. Yet, , and demolition by the twentieth this need not happen. The recent century. - Historic District Survey for Sal- Pfckman never lived in the .. em rates this edifice as onewhose Y' ,.Charter St. house, thus its early; preservation is essential: history is still unknown due to Hopefully as Hawthorne'sHol the obscurity of its tenants and se of Seven Gables" helped save owners. that shrine on Turner St., his Y.t Thehouse was decorated in the - "Grimshawe" story should help ° 'y Federal Georgian style and Its preserve this structure. All in- ^.6;restored doorway is exhibited terested Salemites should make' g t currently in the yardof theEssex their views,known on this matter.) v Institute. : We still have a chance. As Charter St.grew in the num- her of its dwellings, it was a j bristling thoroughfare when Dr: - ;, Nathaniel Peabody (1774) acquired! ,:. . no. ,53 apparently in 1835. - tr s +Tit,. ♦? +CtowIs the property associiated with any significant person( s) , group( s) , or event( s)? If so , explain, incloding dates. Give a brief summary of the historical importance of the person( s) , group( s) , or event( s) . Document. The Grimshawe house has been associated with several famous figures in history. r.+ In 1809 , the Peabody family moved to Salem where Nathaniel Peabody set up his practice as a dentist. Three of his children became well known and are remembered as the Peabody sisters. According to the records at the Essex Institute in Salem, Massachusetts , the Peabody family rented the Grimshawe house from 1818 to about 1840. The Peabody sisters were. not recorded as living in the house attune time except for the Period from 1835 to 1839 . Elizabeth , Palmer Peabody(1804-1894) was a well known educator, lecturer and reformer. In 1840 she opened a bookstore in Boston ,where many famous writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and William Ellery Channing gathered. She was also the publisher of the Dial , a transcendental magazine. She also published some of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s earliest works . Elizabeth also established many schools and in 1861 opened one the first kindergartens in the country. Her sister, Mary Tyler Peabody was an educator and writer as well. She held many teaching posts and wrote many literary works . She helped Elizabeth write the book , Moral Culture of Infancy-and Kindergarten Guide in 1866. In 1843, she married Horace Mann , an early American educator and statesman . The third sister was Sophia Amelia Peabody ( 1809- 1871).,,an artist and writer. She met Nathaniel Hawthorne , the famous writer , when she was residing at the Grimshawe house ( 1838) . This is how the house frame to be known as the house of Hawtxorne ' s courtship. Her work as a professional artist can be easily proved. Her best known frontispiece is on the special edition -a - N _ of Hawthone ' s Tbe-Gentle-Boy published as an amatory gesture by Hawthorne im 1839. -Her bust of Laura Dewey Bridgman , the famous deaf mute , was made from real life in 1841 and was later reproduced":,in plaster for distribution in schools. She married Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1642. Thr Grimshawe house was immortalized by Hawthorne in the book , .--Gr Drimshawe ' s --- ------ - Secret ( 1860-1861) . - Bibliography 1. Dictionary-of---mer--Aican-Bio2L22hy , Volume IV , pp. 424-428, --------- - ---- --- edited by Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone. Charles Scribner ' s Sons , New York , 1932. 2. Nathaniel Hawthorne and'tiis Wife , Volumes I and II , written by Julian Hawthorne. Archon Books, New Haven , Conn . 1968. 3. The Peabody-Sisters aflS 12T, by Louise Hall Tharp. Little , Brown and Co. Bostom, Mass. 1950 . 4. Notable-American-Women , Volumes II and III , .Edward T. 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