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SALEM HISTORIC DISTRICT STUDY COMMITTEE REPORT
V O L U M E I
Boundary Descriptions of Districts
Plans of Districts `
i
'r
V O L U M E II
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3 p
Report of Investigation
Historic District East
V O L U M E III
Report of Investigation
Historic District West
Central Street District
Charter - Liberty Streets District
Crombie Street District
Old Town Hall District
Fort Lee, Fort Pickering, Universalist Church
on Rust Street, City Hall, the Joshua Ward
House and the Peabody Museum
Bibliography
L
i
HISTORIC DISTRICT STUDY COMMITTEE REPORT
The Salem Historic District Study Committee submits herewith
its report to the Mayor, tothe City Council of the City of Salem,
and to the Salem Planning Board.
In accordance with the provisions of Chapter 40c of the Acts
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1960, saiP committee was
appointed to "make an investigation and report n the historical
T
significance of the buildings, structures, fealures, sites or
surroundings included in any such proposed historic district. "
The purpose of Chapter 40c, as set forth in the legislation, is to
"promote the educational, cultural, economic and general welfare of
the public through preservation and protection of buildings, sites
and districts of historic interest, through the maintenance of such
as landmarks in the history of architecture, of the Commonwealth and
of the nation, and through the development of appropriate settings
for such buildings, places and districts. "
The original committee as appointed by the Mayor. consisted of
Sumner Low Raymond, Attorney, Chairman; Dean A. Fales, Jr. , Director
of the' Essex Institute; Abbott L. Cummings, Assistant Director of the
Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities; Daniel J.
Foley, Landscape Arthitect, and former Managing Director of the
Salem Chamber of Commerce; Derby Moore, Realtor; Nicholas Xanthaky,
9
', f, Professor at the Salem State College; and the late Charles H. P.
Copeland, former Librarian at the Salem Public Library. The
committee wishes to express its indebtedness for the late Mr.
Copeland ' s expert guidance during the initial stages of the
committee ' s work and is deeply conscious of his loss . Mr. John J.
Bochynski, Insurance Broker, was appointed to succeed Mr. Copeland.
It was with regret that the resignation of Dean A. Fales, .Jr.
was received because of his moving away from Salem to Kennebunkport.
The committee was happy to have as his successor Stephen Phillips
whose interest in historic Salem is well known.
At the outset of the survey, the committee retained Mr.
Charles E. Peterson, formerly of the National Park Service, and
presently a consultant in American architectural history, whose
advice on methods of procedure the committee has followed. Later,
the committee engaged Mrs. Robert W. Reardon, of Salem, to act as
secretary and research consultant .
The Salem Historic District Study Committee has made an
exhaustive survey of the exteriors of all existing buildings in the
oldest area of Salem. Prior to making this general survey, the
committee concentrated on the proposed Urban Renewal Area, at the
request of the Salem Redevelopment Authority, and submitted a report
of its findings to the Mayor, the City Council and the Salem Redevelop-
ment Authority in February 1965 .
We, therefore, submit herewith descriptions of the following
areas as historic districts :
- 2 -
1. Salem Historic District West
2. Salem Historic District East
3 . Old Town Hall District
4. Charter-Liberty Street District
5 . Central Street District
6 . Crombie Street District
and the following individual buildings or sites:'
Fort Lee, Fort Pickering, Universalist Church
on Rust Street, City Hall, the Joshua Ward
House, and the Peabody Museum.
The descriptions follow the latest plans of the City of Salem
as filed in the Assessor ' s Office and are entitled Assessors '
Planametric Maps .
In addition, we submit herewith photostatic copies of those
sections of said plans containing these historic districts. The
perimeter of each district as described is designated on the sec-
tions submitted. All street numbers used in the district descriptions
are those shown on said plans which are made a part hereof by reference.
Within each of the recommended historic districts, the
committee has evaluated buildings of architectural and historical
significance on a scale of ONE, TWO and THREE. These evaluations
are based on the historical and/or architectural importance of the
building designated; or on the relation of a building as an integral
part of a significant group. Evaluations are relative and can vary
depending upon the amount of departure from the original design of
the building. Buildings considered of prime importance were rated
ONE. Those of lesser importance were rated TWO or THREE .
Some buildings or groups of buildings are rated TWO only
because of their relationship to a setting in which buildings rated
3 -
as ONE are located. Also, some buildings are rated as TWO because
they are a part of a group of period buildings of compatible type
and in a particular setting.
Group THREE includes some buildings of importance which have
been architecturally changed, as well as buildings which happen to
be in the district but have no historic architectural significance.
The following, generally accepted classifications of the styles
of architecture have been used to date the buildings:
Seventeenth Century - 1651-1725
Pre-Federal - 1725 to ca . 1790
Federal - 1790-1830
Greek Revival - 1830-1850
Gothic Revival - ca. 1840
Third Quarter Italianate - 1850-1875
Fourth Quarter - 1875-1900
Colonial Revival - ca . 1900
To a great extent, the committee has relied on the judgment of
its architectural historian member, Abbott L. Cummings, for expert
assistance in classification. Dating has been determined primarily
on the basis of exterior evidence, since many Salem buildings have
been remodeled over the years . Therefore, it is entirely possible
that a building classified as Federal may actually contain the core
of an older structure.
Members of the committee have been impressed with the high
degree of maintenance of a great majority of the houses in the areas
studied, as well as with the conspicuous pride displayed by Salem
homeowners . This is indicative of the continuity of three centuries
4 -
of Salem tradition. When Salem ship masters and merchants erected
new homes during the infancy of the Republic, they obviously took
notable pride in them. The most competent master builders were
engaged to design and construct residences which would reflect both
good taste and high standards .
One of Governor John Endicott ' s first acts after his v ar '
ri al
at Salem in 1628 was to purchase the timbers of a house which had
been erected by the Dorchester Company at Cape Ann and move them
to Salem. In 1629 Reverend John Higginson recorded that when he
came to Salem, "we found a faire house newly built for the Governor. "
Later he wrote that, "We that are settled at Salem make what haste
we can to build houses; so that in a short time we shall have a
fair town. "
John Adams, writing about Salem in his Diary in August 1766
said, "The Streets are broad, and strait and pretty clean. The
Houses are the most elegant and grand, that I have seen in any of
the maritime Towns. "
The surpassing importance of Salem, architecturally speaking,
is the range, the quality, and the great number of houses that have
survived. No community in New England has a more impressive group
of houses built during the 1600 ' s; some are of national significance .
For the period immediately following the Revolution - an era which
coincides with the origins of our National growth - the name of
- 5 -
Samuel McIntire has become synonymous with all that is best in the
American tradition of craftsmanship, skill and architectural
refinements.
By the late eighteenth century, Reverend William Bentley
referred in his Diary to the glories of Salem architecture - past
and present. This awareness, even before 1800, indicates that
Salem was literally the first American city to be conscious of its
architectural heritage, and the necessity for its conservation. .
In closing, we quote a January 2, 1958 letter from the Chairman
of the' Boston National Historic Site Commission, Mark Bortman, to
Senator Leverett Saltonstall in which he declared: "As one of the
most important towns, historically speaking, in the State, Salem
would definitely benefit from the adoption of historic districts
legislation and the creation of an historic districts commission. . .
While it is too late to rectify many of the mistakes needlessly
perpetrated during the past century, legislation and a commission
of the type that has come into existence elsewhere could, over a
period of time, do much to restore the tone of the old town and at
least serve as a deterrent to harsh and unsightly changes in places
where they are neither welcome nor necessary. "
The Salem Historic District Study Committee concurs with
Mr. Bortman ' s statement.
Our report would not be complete without an expression of our
debt of gratitude to Mrs. Elizabeth Reardon, of Salem, who for very
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meager compensation, but motivated by a devotion to civic duty and
the knowledge that sl ch a compendium of historical data as• she has
compiled had never bleen attempted before, was willing to undertake
and complete all of Ithe documentary research, exterior structural
examinations, descriptions and evaluations of the buildings within
the recommended districts . These evaluations thereafter were
reviewed, studied, and with very few modifications, approved by
your committee.
Respectfully submitted by:
The Salem Historic District
Study Committee, this twenty-
fourth day of April, 1968.
Stephen Phillips , Sumler Low Raymond, C airman
0 cutL
Daniel J. Foley' f Abbott Lowell Cummings
Derby Moore � _ Ni hfglas Xa/nthaky
o n J. o yn
HISTORIC DISTRICT EAST
(A on plan. )
The area confined within the following perimeter is to be
known as Historic District East, this being in general terms the
area surrounding Salem Common and Derby Street.
Beginning at the northeasterly corner of St. Peter Street
and Brown Street thence running northerly along the easterly side
of St. Peter Street to the southeasterly corner of Bridge Street,
thence running along the southerly side of Bridge Street to the
westerly side line of Pleasant Street, thence continuing along
the westerly side of Pleasant Street to a point opposite the
northwesterly corner of the property at number 15 Pleasant Street,
thence crossing Pleasant Street to the said northwesterly corner
of number 15 Pleasant Street and following the northerly and
easterly boundaries thereof to Webster Street. Thence running
diagonally and in a straight line southerly across Webster Street
and across the easterly side lines of properties at 1.7, 19-21
Pleasant Street to the northerly side line of number 3-5 Spring
Street, thence by said line west to the northeasterly corner of
number 23-25 Pleasant Street. Thence southerly, by the easterly
line of 23-25 Pleasant Street to Spring Street; thence continuing
across Spring Street to the southerly side line thereof, thence by
said side line easterly to the westerly side line of Webb Street,
thence running southeasterly along the westerly side line of Webb
Street to the northerly side of Briggs Street, thence running
southerly along the westerly side line of Briggs Street to a point
2
HISTORIC DISTRICT EAST (Cont'd)
opposite the northeasterly corner of property at number 4 Briggs
Street, thence crossing Briggs Street to said corner, thence running
along the northeasterly property line of number 4 Briggs Street to
the northerly property line of number 84 Washington Square East,
thence crossing the said property diagonally and southerly to the
northeasterly corner of property numbered 82 Washington Square East,
thence running along the easterly property line of number 82
Washington Square East 'to the northerly side of Boardman Street,
thence crossing Boardman Street to the northeasterly corner of
number 80 Washington Square East, thence running southerly by the
easterly property line of number 80 Washington Square East thence
running westerly by the Southerly line of said property to the
easterly side line of number 78 Washington Square East, thence
running southerly by said line and by the easterly line of number 1
Forrester Street to the side line of Forrester Street, thence
cro:asing Forrester Street diagonally and easterly to the north-
east corner (rear) of property number 50 Essex Street, East Branch
Library, thence by the easterly line of said property, southerly to
the southerly (rear) line of number 12 Forrester Street; thence by
said line easterly and northerly and again easterly by the rear
lines of said property to another northeasterly corner of number 50
Essex Street (East Branch Library) ; thence by the easterly line of
said property, southerly to the westerly side line of Essex Street,
thence crossing Essex Street diagonally to the westerly side line of.
3
Hardy Street at its intersection with the southerly side line of
Essex Street, thence running northerly by the southerly side line
of Essex Street to the Easterly side line of number 1 Carlton Street,
thence running generally southerly on an irregular line by the rear
or easterly property lines of numbers 1 through 31. Carlton Street
so as to include all of the properties with a frontage on Carlton
Street, to the northerly side line of Derby Street at its inter-
section with the easterly side line of number 96-98 Derby Street,
thence crossing .Derby Street diagonally to the easterly side line
of White Street at its intersection with the southerly side line
of Derby Street; thence following the easterly side line of White
Street southerly to the harbor, thence following the waterfront
westerly to and including Derby Wharf and Central Wharf to the
westerly property line of the United States Naval Reserve Training
Center, thence following said property line , to , the southerly side
line of said Derby Street, thence crossing Derby Street diagonally
to the easterly side line of Herbert Street, thence following the
northerly side line of Derby Street to the easterly side line of
Hawthorne Boulevard, thence running northerly along the easterly
side line of Hawthorne Boulevard to the angle in said Boulevard
opposite Immaculate Conception Church, thence crossing Hawthorne
Boulevard diagonally to the westerly side line thereof at the
southeast corner of number 12-14 Hawthorne Boulevard, thence
running westerly by the southerly property lines of number 12-14
Hawthorne Boulevard, thence running northerly by the westerly
4
property line of said last mentioned property to the southerly line
of number 131 Essex Street, thence running westerly by said line
to the Westerly line of said property, thence running northerly by
the westerly property line of said 131 Essex Street to the southerly
side line of Essex Street, thence crossing Essex Street diagonally
to the northerly side line thereof at its intersection with the
westerly property line of the Armory at number 136 Essex Street,
thence following said "westerly property lines to the southerly
(rear) property line of number 17-19 Brown Street, thence running
westerly by said southerly (rear) property lines of numbers 17-19,
and of 21 and 23 Brown Street to the westerly side line of number
23 Brown Street, thence following the westerly property lines of
number 23 Brown Street to the southerly side line of Brown Street,
thence crossing Brown Street diagonally to the point of beginning.
See maps #40, 41, 47, Planimetric Survey, 1965. ,
te-
HISTORIC DISTRICT WEST
Beginning at the northeasterly corner of the district at
a point which is the northwesterly corner of the intersection
of Federal and North Street, thence running northerly on an arc
by the westerly sideline of the access ramp from Bridge Street,
to the further northeasterly corner of the Peirce-Nichols property
on Bridge Street, thence running westerly and southerly following
the Peirce-Nichols property line to the rear property line of
number 82 Federal Street; thence turning and running in a general
westerly direction by the rear lines of the properties numbered
84 to 102 Federal Street inclusive. Thence turning and running
northerly to the northerly side line of 32 Beckford Street; thence
by said side line running westerly to and crossing Beckford Street
Extension diagonally;, to the rear property line of number 2 River
Street; thence running in a general westerly direction by the
inclusive
rear property lines of numbers 2 to 18/River Street. Thence running
southwesterly by the southerly line of Bridge Street to the north-
westerly corner of 13 Lynn Street,. thence southerly by the westerly
property lines of numbers 13 and 11 Lynn Street to a point on the
easterly side line of and at the North east corner of number
128-130 Federal Street; thence running westerly to the westerly
side line of said property at the northwesterly corner thereof.
Thence running southerly to the northeasterly (rear corner) of
number 10 Carpenter Street, thence running westerly by the northerly
2
property line of numbers 10 and 12 Carpenter Street, to Carpenter
at the northwesterly corner of number 12 Carpenter Street. Thence
crossing Carpenter Street to the southerly side line of Gifford
Court; thence continuing westerly by the southerly side line of
to itsnd
Gifford Court/and thence in a straight line westerly to the southerly
side line of Harrington Court at its southeasterly corner; thence
continuing by said southerly side line of Harrington Court westerly
to Flint Street; thence continuing westerly on the same course
across Flint Street to the westerly side thereof to property of
St. James Catholic Church and School, thence continuing westerly
in a straight line to the northeasterly corner of number 156-162
Federal, thence southerly by the easterly side line of said
property to and across Federal Street and by the easterly side line
of number 161 Federal Street to the rear of number 21 Fowler Street;
thence turning and running westerly by the northerly (rear) property
lines of properties numbering 21, 19, 17 Fowler Street inclusive;
southerly
thence running/by the westerly property line of number 17 Fowler
to Fowler Street;
Street;/thence turning and running diagonally across Fowler Street
southwesterly to the northwesterly corner of number 13 North Pine
Street; thence following the westerly (rear) property lines of
number 13 through 1 inclusive North Pine Street and the westerly
side line of number 400 Essex Street to Essex Street; thence
crossing Essex Street to the westerly side line of number 401 Ess*.x
Street; thence following the westerly and southerly property lines
3
of number 401 Essex Street to South Pine Street; thence running
diagonally northeasterly across South Pine Street to the southwesterly
corner of property at number 397 Essex Street; thence continuing
northeasterly by the southerly (rear) lines of numbers 397 and
395 Essex Street to a corner; thence turning and running southeasterly
by the westerly (rear) property lines of numbers 19, 17 and 15 Flint
Street to Warren Street at the southeasterly corner of 34 Warren
Street; thence crossing Warren Street and Flint Street diagonally
in a southeasterly direction to the easterly side line of Flint
to the Southwesterly corner of #14 Flint Street;
Street;/thence northeasterly by the southerly (rear) property
line of number 14 Flint Street and number 25 to 13 Warren Street
inclusive to the northeasterly corner of number 3.8 Broad
Street; thence turning and running southerly by the westerly side
line of number 34-36 Broad Street to the northerly side line of
Broad Street at the southwesterly corner of number 34-36 Broad
Street; thence crossing Broad Street to the southerly side line
thereof at a point at the northwest corner of number 35 Broad Street;
thence continuing southerly on the westerly side lines of number 35
Broad Street to the southerly (rear) property line thereof; thence
by the said southerly side line easterly to the westerly side line
of number 14 Hathorne Street; thence turning and running southerly
by the westerly side line of properties numbered 14 through 26
inclusive Hathorne Street; thence turning and running by the southerly
side line of number 26 Hathorne Street easterly to the westerly side
4
line of Hathorne Street; thence turning and running northerly across
Hathorne Street to the easterly sideline thereof at a point at the
southwesterly corner of number 15 Hathorne Street, thence continuing
easterly by the southerly side line of number 15 Hathorne Street
and 27 Broad Street to the southeasterly corner of 27 Broad Street;
thence turning and running northerly by the easterly property lines
of 27 Broad Street to the Southerly property line of numbers 23-25
Broad Street, thence easterly by the southerly property line of
numbers 23-25 Broad Street to Orne Square; thence crossing Orne
Square and running easterly by the south (rear) property lines of
number 21 1/2 to 19 1/2 Broad Street and number 19 Broad Street
inclusive, to the westerly side line of Winthrop Street; thence
running diagonally southeasterly across Winthrop Street to a point
at the southwesterly corner of Broad Street Cemetery; thence
continuing easterly by the southerly line of Broad Street Cemetery
to the westerly side line of Summer Street. Thence running northerly
crossing Summer Street to the southwest corner of number 55 Summer
Street, thence by the southerly side line of number 55 Summer Street
easterly in a straight line to the westerly side line of Pratt Street,
thence northerly by said Pratt Street side line to High Street, thence
crossing High Street to the northerly side line of High Street to a
point on the southeasterly corner of property numbered 6 High Street,
thence following the said easterly side line of 6 High Street to the
5
northerly (rear) property line of number 6 High Street, thence
turning and running westerly by said property line and by the
northerly lines of numbers 6 to 16 inclusive High Street to Gedney
Court, thence crossing Gedney Court diagonally to the northeasterly
corner of number 18-20 High Street, thence westerly by the
northerly property lines of numbers 18-20 and 22-24 High Street to
the easterly line of number 26 High Street; thence running northerly
by said easterly line to and across Gedney Street to the southeast
corner of 41 Summer Street, thence running northerly in a straight
line but westerly of the Holyoke Building to and across Norman
Street diagonally to the northerly side line of Norman Street at
the southeast corner of number 46 Norman Street, thence continuing
northerly in an irregular line following the easterly (rear)
property lines of numbers 46 Norman Street and 23 through 5 Summer
Street inclusive to a point which is the northeasterly corner of
property numbered 5-7 Summer Street, thence running westerly by the
said property line to Summer Street, thence on the same course
westerly across Summer Street to the westerly side line thereof,
thence running northerly by said westerly side line crossing Essex
Street to the westerly side line of North Street, thence running
by said westerly side line of North Street, northerly to the southerly
side of Federal Street, thence northerly across Federal Street to
the point of beginning.
See maps #29, and 30, Planimetric Survey, 1965.
OLD TOWN HALL DISTRICT
(B, on plan)
Starting at the southeasterly corner of Washington and
Essex Streets and running easterly on the southerly sideline
of Essex Street to. the northeasterly corner of property at
number 211-213-215 Essex Street, thence running southerly along
the course of the easterly sideline of said property in a
straight line to the northerly side of Front Street at the
southeasterly corner of number 22-26 Front Street; thence running
along the northerly sideline of Front Street to the southwesterly
corner of 32 Front Street, thence running by the westerly sideline
of said property to the southerly sideline of Higginson Square;
thence running westerly and northerly by the southerly and westerly
sideline of Higginson Square to the southerly sideline of the
alleyway between the Salem Savings Bank property and the Daniel
Low property; thence running westerly by the southerly sideline
of said alleyway to the easterly sideline of Washington Street; .
thence running northerly by the easterly sideline of Washington
Street to the point of beginning.
See Map. #40, Planimetric Survey, Salem, Massachusetts, 1965.
/0
2
CHARTER-LIBERTY STREET AREA
(C on plan)
Beginning at a point on the southerly 'sideline of Charter
Street which is the northwesterly corner of the property numbered
53 Charter Street (Grimshaw House) , thence running easterly along
the southerly sideline of Charter Street to the northeasterly
corner of number 23 Charter Street; thence running southerly by
the easterly sideline of said property to the southeasterly
corner thereof; thence running westerly along the southerly side-
line of number 23 and number 25 Charter Street; thence running
generally westerly by rear property lines to the southeasterly
corner of the Old Salem Hospital property; thence running by the
southerly sideline of said property southwesterly to the easterly
property line of property now or formerly of Harper Garage Company,
282 Derby Street; thence running on various courses by the northerly
sidelines of said property to the easterly sideline of Liberty Street
at the northwesterly corner of said property; thence crossing
Liberty Street diagonally to the northeasterly corner of number 24
Liberty Street; thence running westerly and clockwise on various
courses by the perimeter of the Charter Street Cemetery to the
southwesterly corner of number 53 Charter Street (Grimshaw House) ;
thence running northwesterly by the westerly sidelines of the
Grimshaw property to the southerly sideline of Charter Street at
the point of beginning.
See Map #40, Planimetric Survey, 1966.
ll
3
CROMBIE STREET AREA
(I on plan. )
Beginning on the easterly sideline of Crombie Street at
the northwesterly corner of the alley adjoining the northerly side
of the Crombie Street Church; thence running easterly by the
northerly sideline of said alley to the northeasterly corner of
said alley; thence running southerly by the easterly end of the
alley and by the easterly sideline of said church property and
of numbers 9, 13 and 15 Crombie Street to the southeasterly corner
of number 15 Crombie Street; thence running westerly by the
southerly sideline of said church property and said number 15
Crombie Street property to the easterly side of Crombie Street,
thence running diagonally across Crombie Street in a southwesterly
direction to the westerly sideline thereof at a point which is the
southeasterly corner of the property number 18 Crombie Street;
thence running westerly by the southerly sideline of said property
(number 18) to the westerly sideline thereof; thence running northerly
by the westerly sideline of number 18; thence westerly to the south-
westerly corner of number 16 Crombie Street, thence running to the
northwesterly corner of number 16 Crombie Street; thence running
easterly by the northerly sideline of said property (number 16)
to the southwesterly corner of number 14 Crombie Street; thence
running northerly by the westerly sideline of numbers 14, 12 and
10 Crombie Street to the northwesterly corner of number 10 Crombie
Street; thence running easterly by said northerly property line
to the westerly sideline of Crombie Street; thence running in
1�-
CROM13IE STREET AREA (Cont'd) 4
a straight line diagonally and northeasterly across Crombie Street
to the point of beginning.
See Map #30, 1966 Planimetric Survey.
l�
f
5
CENTRAL STREET AREA
(D on plan. )
Beginning on the southerly sideline of Essex Street at
a point which is the northwesterly corner- of number 191-195 Essex
Street, thence running easterly along the southerly sideline of
Essex Street and crossing Central Street to the northeasterly .
corner of property numbered 185-189 Essex Street; thence running
southerly along the easterly sidelines of said property to a
northerly sideline of number. 11 Central Street (Salem Fraternity) ;
thence running southerly and easterly by the northerly sidelines
of said Salem Fraternity property to the westerly sideline of
property number 173-179 Essex Street; thence running southerly
by said westerly sideline to the southerly sideline of number 13-15
Central Street; thence running westerly by said southerly sideline
to the easterly sideline of Central Street; thence crossing Central
Street diagonally and in a northwesterly direction to a point which
is the southeasterly corner of property numbered 10 Central Street;
thence running westerly by the southerly sideline of said property
to the southwesterly corner thereof; thence running northerly by
the westerly sideline of numbers 10 to 4 inclusive Central Street
to the southerly sideline of Essex Street at the point of beginning.
See Map #40, Planimetric Survey.
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I 6 B. OLD TOWN HALL DISTRICT
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_ D. CENTRAL STREET DISTRICT 4
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F. JOSHUA WARD HOUSE
! G. PEABODY MUSEUM
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