57 ORNE STREET - CONSERVATION COMMISSION (2) �} oo. , _ -
CITY OF SALEM
CONSERVATION COMMISSION
FREQUEST FOR DETERMINATION
OF-APPLICABILITY
Salem Conservation Commission will hear
est for a Determination of Applicability,
he Wetlands Protection Act,Massachusetts
l Laws, Chapter 131, Section 40, at the
request of the City of Salem. The proposed work,
located at Greenlawn Cemetery,consists of chem-
ical (algicide) treatment of nuisance microscopic
and filamentous algae at Sargent Pond located
in Greenlawn Cemetery.The Request will be heard
on Thursday,June 25,1992 at 7:00 p.m.,One Salem
Green, second floor conference room.
BETSY HORNE, Chair
June 11, 1992 SN72326
OAIROI TEC,EC/z
/
(December 9,19x92 2
n T
Mr. Richard Rennard, Manager
Greenlawn Cemetery
1 Salem Green
d Salem, MA 01970
RE: Aquatic Management Program at Greenlawn Ceme ery
Dear Mr. Rennard:
Confirming our conversation earlier today, we'd recommend the use of Aquazine TM
14 aquatic algacide/herbicide at Sargeant Pond next year as opposed to the
continued use of copper 3fat The dense growth of filamentous algae
(predominantly cladoohora� tat occurred in the pond last summer tends to be
quite resistant to and hence difficult to control with copper sulfate. We
eventually achieved fair/good control of the algae but as you'll recall a series
of three separate chemical a7lications were needed
' ...:AnL H{nn in I/CA.Dg1CtaTe,,.roTri c!r _.•... ti-
first
i first file a permit "License to Apply Chemicals" with Mass. DEP, DWPC to use the
Aquazine. A copy of this DEP permit would be submitted to the Conservation
Commission prior to the conducto
any treatments.
`f-- In summary, the advantages of Aquazine include: 1) more effective control on
¢ n this particular species of algae; 2`) can be applied earlier in the summer, hence
there is less plant biomass to decompose which reduces the build-up of organic
matter and lessens the stress (D.O. depletion) on fish; and 3) with Aquazine
there are no residues which remain inthe pond sediments such as occur with
copper products. A maximum of two treatments with Aquazine are anticipated in
1993.
Please forward this information and request for a change in chemical to the
Conservation Commission. It is my experience that a "change in chemical" does
not require holding a public hearing, especially where the pond is wholly owned
by the cemetery. Pending Commission approve'l, we'll forward you a proposal for
next year's program in February/March.
Thank you.
�f
Sincerely, `
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY INC. J
Ilk
Gerald N. Smith
President/Aquatic Biologist
_ Aquatic Control Technology, Inc. • 6 Maple Street• P.O. Box 742 • Northborough • MA 01532 • (508)393-8846
457 Main Street • Suite 4C • Danbury • CT 06811
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310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
10.99: continued
3t0 CMP. 10.99
Form 2 �--1I
DEP FM W. �J
•• l�•rt�c aae+b.e�aoefl
mmommmm
r - Commonwealth C11y,Te SAT,F.M
of Massachusetts •wl,oNk CITY OF SALEM
W-F-1
6/1/92
uw.a.ou.n rr.a
Determination of Applicability
Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act, G.L. C. 131, §40
From Salem Conservation Commission Issuing Authority
\ To Richard Rennard City of Salem
(Name of person making request) (Name of property owner I
Address One Salem Green Address One Salem Green
This determination is issued and delivered as follows:
�] by hand delnery to person making request on -TV�U-- 2)DN 121917- (date)
❑ by certified mart.return receipt requested on (date)
Pursuant to the authority of G.L c. 131.§40.the Salem Conservation Commission
has considered your request for a Determination of Applicability and its supporting documentation,and has
made the following delermirwlion(check whichever isapplicable):
Loc ation:Street Address Sargent P6nd - located in Greenlawn Cemetery
Lot Number: N /A
This Delerminatlon Is positive.
1. ❑ The area described below,which Includes all/part of the area described In your request,Is an Area
Subject to Protection Under the Act.Therefore,any removing,filling,dredging or altering of(hat ,
area requires the filing of a Notice of Intent.
2. ❑ The work described below,which Includes all/part of the work described M your request.Is within -
an Area Subject to Protection Under the Act and will remove,fill,dredge or eller that area.
Therefore,said work requires the filing of a Notice of Intent.
2.1
10
12/8/89 (Effective 11/10/89) -corrected no CMR - 280. 17
r
310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION y
10.99: continued
3. ❑ The work described below.which includes alliPart of the work described in yoty request,is within
-the Buffer Zone as defined in the regulations.and will alter an Area Subfectto Protection Under
the Act.Therefore.said work requires the filing 01 a Notice of Intent.
This Delemanalion a negative:
1. ❑ The was described in your request at not an Area Subject to Protection Under the Act.
2. lC The work described In your rawest is within an Area Subject to Protection Under the Act.but will
not remove.fill.dredge.a alter that area.Therefore,said work does not require the filing of a
Noticeoflntent. SEE ATTACHED CONDITIONS
3. ❑ The work described M yaw request is within the Buffer Zone.as defined in the regulations.but will
not eller an Area Subject to Protection Under the Act.Therefore.said work does not regare the
fafng of a Notice of Intent.
a. ❑ The area described in your request is Subject to Protection Under the Act.but since the work
described therein meets the requirements for the following exemption.as specified in the Act and
the regulations.no Notice of Intent is required:
Is:uad by Salem Conservation Commission
Sig turels) (
V
TNs Dotermnallon must be signed by a majority of the Conservation Commission.
fin ties �of . 19 901% .before me
personally appenW— i n a .to me known to be the
Person described in.and who exerted.Me foregoing knhument.and acknowledged that heishe executed
the salinerher free act and deed.
Nota ublte My eommnf(ion exo�es
TNa br.rew«nee..ra..bw w..ore.m.e.neo.oi++ro. a.«wr.oaft too ne«rr..aY er bcr.bwn..aa.aM«.
eyYva rregWerr.nor prrrrrrlenarea«ire b err«yens brnr er«r r rlrrree
iib a00arra.enewrer.rrr ararpprraeeyM prrrrrrlbr.rrywr+rrbnO tloeYq ar lone Tran ekklr lnr ereeel«weir .
Yb«rxr.r rrrrwrobartlrerrryrbw brledrrOYMYbOrae.rerrrgraeiaer P«eyMbrerrlltM W«renin
r 6Marrarxr hPerdrb tarn•arePsed"prrarrrdl of AWataaM'.Prebeq M renin a nrtl pyewbi«nrrr r IrM
.,, rMrr/bAg—aArararL rYriPa W.Prrblb Mrrdf«irrrrrar ivrntl Patl«In 7101?IR IO.OY11wIrlVn wneM r!nn
araban YwrrsraY prrerirraAmayrar renin Waaler arra er.nr ser eyalrrr0 rtler Prre eri.eryrP.
Orr�rertlr banrerrrr nre M eleArrL
2.2A
i1/10/89 310 CMR - 280. 18
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
1 . All work shall conform to the above-referenced
Determination of Applicability, and supporting documents .
Any change made or intended to be made to the approved
Request for Determination of Applicability shall require
the applicant to inquire of the Commission in writing
whether the change is substantial enough to require the
filing of a new Request for Determination of
Applicability or a Notice of Intent .
2. Members and agents of the Commission shall have the right
to enter and inspect the premises at all reasonable times
to evaluate compliance with the conditions in this Order .
The Commission may require the applicant to submit
additional data or information necessary for the
Commission to conduct this evaluation.
3 . Equipment servicing must be conducted outside the buffer
zone. Equipment must be maintained to prevent leakage or
discharge of pollutants . No overnight equipment storage
shall occur within 100 feet of the wetland boundary.
4 . During and after work on this project, there shall be no
spill of discharge of petroleum products or other
pollutants into any wetland resource area or land within
the buffer zone.
5. Notice shall be given to this Commission no more than 2
weeks nor less that 2 days prior to the commencement of
construction activities. Said notice shall include, in
writing, the name(s) , address (es) , and business and home
telephone numbers of the project supervisor (s)
responsible for insuring that operations are conducted in
compliance with this Order .
6 . Algicide treatment shall be applied ' by a State
licensed/certified applicator .
7 . A maximum of three chemical applications of this year
( 1992 ) .
8 . Submission of Massachusetts DEP permit , Division of Water
Pollutant Control, must be submitted prior to
commencement of work.
9 . Pond outflow must be restriction for a period of 24 hours
must after algicide treatment .
ex\dh\greenlawn
310 CMR. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AL PROTECTION
+ A
i
10.99: Fortro
} Forth 1
DEP Fw Na
�. 'TO all orwpp oy DEP,
COMM Omwealth Cn, 10., S a 1 em
Of Massachusetts Aoo.¢a0 Town of Salem
,Request for a Determination of Applicability
Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act, G.L. C. 1319 §40
1 I, the undersigned, hereby by r equeSt Nat the q l P m
Conservation Commission make a determination as 10 whether the area. OettCribed below, Or work t0
be Performed on Salo area, also described below,Is subject 10 the jurisdiction of the Wetlands
Protection Act, G.L C. 131, §40.
2. The area is described as follows. (Use maps or plans, if necessary, to provide a description and the
location Of the area subject t0 this requeSL)
Location: Street AddreSS Sareent Pond- located in Greenl awn Cemetery
Lot Number: N/A
3 The work in said area is described below. (Use additional paper, if necessary, to describe the
proposed work.(
-The proposed work consists of chemical (algacide) treatment of
nuisance microscopic and filamentous algae at Sargent Pond located in
Greenlawn Cemetery .
-Sargent Pond is an approximately S acre waterbody with a maximum depth
of about 4 ' and an average depth of 3 ' .
-The final area of treatment will be based upon the extent of the
algae cover and the need for treatmnet . 'A maximum of three chemical
applications in 1992 are proposed .
-The USEPA/State registered algacide , Copper Sulfate , will be applied .
-All work would be performed by a State licensed/certified applicator ,
Aquatic Control Technology, Inc . of Northborough .
1 -A permit (License to Apply Chemicals ) will be filed with MA DEP ,
Division of Water Pollution Control , and a copy of the approved DEP
permit will be provided to the Commission prior to the start of the
work .
11/10/89 310 CMR - 280.13
ti
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ti
110 CMR: DEPAR I MEN T OF LNVINONNIENrAL PRU I ECTIUN
.F
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10.99: continued
e
-We understand the Town of Salem owns the entire pond bottom and
shoreline . The potential for off site impacts resulting ,from the pond
treatments ( s ) as proposed , are nil .
4 Tne ownerlsl at the area. if not the person making this reauest. has Often given written notification of this
requeston lune 1 , 1992 loate)
The namelsl ano address(es)of the ownerlsl:
Town of Salem
5. 1 have filed a complete Copy of this request with the anDroprate regional office of the Massachusetts
Department of Environmental Protection 6 / l /99 (W n h n r n ) I date)
DEP Northeast Regional Office DEP Southeast Regional Office
5 Commonwealth Avenue Lakeville Hospital
Woburn, MA 01801 Route 105
Lakeville, MA 02347
DEP Central Regional Office
75 Grove Street DEP Western Regional Office
Worcester, MA 01605 State House West, 4th Floor
436 Dwight Street
Springfield, MA 01103
6. 1 understand that notification of this request will be placed in a local newspaper at my expense in accor-
dance with Section 10.05(3)(b) 1 of the regulations by the Conservation Commission and that 1 will be
billed accordingly.
Signature za
Name oi.ak: A Kennard,
Cemetery Manager
AtlOre55 1 c� lem c.-aec., i om mA nia7n Tel ( sng ) 772-5944-
3 10
72-5944310 CMR - 2e0.to
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SARGENT POND LOCUS MAP FIGURE 1
SALEM, MA SALEM USGSQUADRANGLE
SCS: 7.5 MINUTE SERIES ACTINIC.
,:�saoo
SERVICES AND PRODUCT UPDATE
PONDAND LAKE inaccessible to conventional excavators. sediment removal or
dredging projects with other excavating equipment can also be
MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTS
handled, including project design, permitting, construction, and
With thirteen years of experience and more than four hundred monitoring.
completed projects, AQUATIC CONTROL can recommend and
implement an effective and affordable management program for your CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS
pond or lake. AQUATIC CONTROL offers the widest possible range of
weed/algae control services. Each program is designed to fit the
unique features of the waterbody without bias for any specific Herbicide/Algicide Treatments:
management method. Treatments are performed by our certified applicators using only
r WEED
approved materials. Chemical applications are
MECHANICAL WEED CONTROL recommended selectively and then only following a thorough
biological survey of the lake to identify the area's environmental
Contract Weed Harvesting: resources and possible water use constraints.
A pioneer in bringing mechanical cutting/harvesting to the Sediment Inactivation/Phosphorus
northeast,AQUATIC CONTROL has harvested literally thousands of Removal Treatments:
acres of nuisance vegetation. AQUATIC CONTROL utilizes several
different sized machines in its' contract weed harvesting operation AQUATIC CONTROL has completed a number of surface and
and in addition offers trucking and disposal of cut vegetation. hypolimnetic (bottom) alum treatments. These include Lake Morey
(Vermont), Kezar Lake (New Hampshire), and Cochnewagon Lake
Weed Harvesting Equipment. (Maine)-three of the country's largest and to date most successful
Sales And Service: alum restoration projects.Alum may also be used to clarify small
ponds and lakes by stripping sediment and algae from the water
AQUATIC CONTROL is the exclusive New England distributor for column.
Aquamarine Corporation's line of harvesting and water management
equipment.Aquamarine is the recognized world leader in the - BENTHIC WEED BARRIERS
manufacture of harvesting equipment and offers a full complement
of harvesters, transport vessels, mechanical rakes, and support AQUATIC CONTROL distributes Aquascreen, Dartek, and Texel
equipment. benthic weed barriers. These screens and sheeting materials rest on
Hydro-Raking: the lake bottom and prevent sunlight from reaching submerged
vegetation. We've found this plant control strategy especially well
AQUATIC CONTROL has logged more than 5,000 hours of suited for beaches and swimming areas, used alone, or in
Hydro-Rake contract experience. The Hydro-Rake can remove weeds, combination with a weed harvesting program. Benthic barriers also
root material, and bottom debris in water depths up to 14 feet. It can provide the individual with an effective and fairly low cost weed
provide long-term control of certain weed species, and is especially control strategy when no organized lake program exists. Installation
popular for cleaning water lilies and milfoil from public and private is usually performed by the purchaser but for large deep water
beaches. The Hydro-Rake works equally well on removing "Floating installations AQUATIC CONTROL can provide a team of experienced
islands", encroaching shoreline plants such as cattails, and for the SCUBA divers.
maintenance of channel areas.
SEDIMENT EXCAVATION LAKE ASSESSMENT AND
ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS
With our Smalley 808 excavator, AQUATIC CONTROL can remove
emersed vegetation and sediments from shallow ponds and lakes. AQUATIC CONTROL routinely conducts base-line surveys and peri-
With the Smalley's incredibly low ground pressure of 1.7 psi and it's odic monitoring of lakes and ponds. The data,collected by ex-
19 foot reach, the Smalley can access inland wetlands and coastal perienced Aquatic Biologists,is useful as preventative maintenance
marsh habitats for projects including wetland replication, and includes 1)water chemistry analysis,2)aquatic plant surveys,
ditching/trenching, cleaning detention ponds,channel maintenance, 3) microscopic examination of algae and 4)optional fishery inven-
dam repair, monitor well installation, test pits, and other work tories. An interpretive analysis of the data is provided.
For more information on these and other lake management services contact:
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY,INC. 6 Maple Street,P.O.Box 742,Northborough,MA 01532 (508)393-8846
457 Main Street,Suite 4C,Danbury,CT 06811 (203)743-6760
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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�a bl ,
• Project Updates • Technological Advances New Equipment&Services Regulatory Highlights
Sunny San Juan in February? Someone has to locations and high level of work quality you
do it" was the response of Chandler Smith, expected from IEP, Inc. We're looking forward
Operations Manager for Aquatic Control, when to the expanding horizons offered by this new
the go ahead was received from the Puerto Rico association.
Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to
commence work on a Mechanical Harvesting
Demonstration Project. 'Lake Cidra, a 300 acre Vegetation management for the Charles River
water supply reservoir near San Juan, was about to go forward in spring. Ware's Cove in
two thirds completely covered by water Auburndale, MA is an approximate 8 acre river
hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). We measured impoundment located in an area referred to as the
hyacinth biomass to be in excess of 200 tons/ Charles River Lake Basin: The Cove is nearly
acre!! For perspective, a dense stand of milfoil 100% choked with fanwort(Cabomba
might run 5 - 8 tons/acre. We completed a caroliniana). Habitat for fisheries reproduction
Feasibility Assessment of the Reservoir to deter- and wildlife is impaired, and fishing is now next
mine priority harvest areas, on-shore off-loading to impossible due to the dense weed cover,
sites, alternatives for hyacinth disposal/utilization Aquatic Control has been working with the Save
and recommended hyacinth buffer zones to The Cove organizing committee since October
remain unharvested, recognizing the importance 1991 to develop a comprehensive vegetation and
of the plant as a biofilter. An innovative water management plan. Chemical treatment
mechanical removal approach was developed by
Aquatic Control working in concert with the Gerald Smith holding a"bull"water hyacinth plant at Lake
DNR and Fugro-McClelland (East), Inc. (FM- Cidra, Puerto Rico. Background shows a solid mat of
Fast) staff scientists. As of this date the Pilot hyacinth and reservoir dam.
Project is recognized as a success and attention is ,..2.=
now turning to full scale implementation. By the
way . . . Chandler promises to return to New I
England for the summer, though it's a bit of a k
voyage for our Hydro-Rake from Puerto Rico to
Boston!!
Affiliate firm expands services and geographic
market area... In January 1992, IEP, Inc., our
affiliate firm with which many of you are famil-
iar, became part of the Fugro-McClelland group 0
YM'
of companies. Fugro-McClelland is an interna-
tional environmental services and geotechnical i
company. FM-East maintains the same staff,
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6 Maple St.,P.O.Box 742,Northborough,MA 01532(508)393-8846
457 Main Street,Danbury Cr 06811
2
with the USEPA/State registered herbicide years or longer in some situations. Unfortu-
Sonar® (Fluridone) is proposed for May. Water- nately, conflicting management recommenda-
shed program elements slated for 1992 include tions and permitting delays often prevent expedi-
building of shoreline vegetative strips, testing of ent action. Herbicide spot treatment undertaken
a few remaining septic systems, and stormwater when the plant infestation is still small, greatly
analyses. The Metropolitan District Commission reduces the potential for negative impacts.
is funding the project which includes a compre-
hensive six month pre- and post-treatment
monitoring program. The Save The Cove com- Regulatory confusion and concerns over
mittee is one of the most energetic and well drawdowns of Massachusetts lakes continue.
organized groups that we have worked with in Fall/winter drawdowns to control nuisance
our 16 years! If you're trying to get a lake project submersed aquatic vegetation have been
off the ground, let us put you in touch with them. practiced by reservoir and lake managers for
decades. Yet, continued regulatory concern of
drawdown and its potential negative effects on
Are the use of aquatic herbicides just a short bordering vegetated wetlands has fueled further
term cosmetic approach to lake and vegetation debate. Awareness of drawdowns was height-
management? Certainly not! Early detection of ened after the MA Department of Environmental
an exotic plant infestation and appropriate treat- Protection (MA DEP) Wetlands and Waterways
ment with a systemic herbicide will usually Division issued a preliminary guidance docu-
prevent further spread of the plant. As summa- ment to Conservation Commissions on the
rized in the table below, chemical treatment of subject of drawdowns. The document included a
new pioneer milfoil (Myriophyllum) infestations list of possible adverse impacts which must be
have eradicated the exotic species for several addressed. Lake Lashaway, situated in East and
CHEMICAL TREATMENT CASE HISTORIES USING A SYSTEMIC HERBICIDE '
Waterbody and Date of Area Type -, , Target Plant Assessment of
Location Treatment Treated Species Treatment Effectiveness
Crescent Lake June 1981 0.5 ac. P Mynophyllum >99%reduction with no milfoil regrowth
Wolfeboro,NH heterophyllum for at least several years.(1,2) 111,
>99%reduction with no milfoil re-
Lake Waukewan June 1982 <0.25 ac P M. heterophyllum growth for at least four years. As of
Merideth, NH 1991, milfoil regrowth limited to a few
scattered plants.(1,2)
Turkey Hill Pond June 1989 30 ac E •M heterophyllum >95%reduction with minimal regrowth
Rutland, MA's ' In 1990 and 25%regrowth in 1991. (1) ° L
Swear's Pond June 1990 15 ac. s E M. heterophyllum >95°%reduction and no treatment
Thompson CT Nymphaea sp. required in 1991. Partial treatment `
proposed in 1992. (1)
Lake Wildwood July 1990 10 ac. E M. heterophyllum >90%reduction in target species with
Upton,MA Nymphaea sp. no treatment warranted or performed in
1991.(1)
Type of infestation;. P=Pioneer infestation believed to have been introduced within the three years prior to treatment.
E= Established Infestation present In the waterbody for three years or longer, prior to treatment.
Source:(1)Aquatic control Technology,Inc.,Northborough,.MA
(2)Kenneth Warren,NH Dept.of Environmental Services,Biology Bureau,Concord,NH
3
North Brookfield, MA, is one of the best known Open water habitat: the diminishing wetland
and documented drawdown projects in the resource. That's correct and most recently
region. The Lashaway project has received the documented by USEPA in planning its nation-
North American Lake Management Society's wide Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
(NALMS)prestigious Technical Merit Award; Program (EMAP). At a recent conference, a
has been cited as a USEPA Clean Lakes Success representative of USEPA indicated that nation-
Story, and most recently was the focus of a wide, 30,000 waterbodies (defined as>2.5 acres
segment on Chronicle, Boston Television's with a depth of>1.0 meter) no longer appear as
Channel 5 news program. The MA DEP Divi- open water on 100,000 scale base maps. In view
sion of Water Pollution Control recently pub- of current state/federal regulations it is very
lished a comprehensive report on the Lake difficult to create new lakes/ponds of any signifi-
Lashaway project encompassing pre-drawdown cant size. It's time the regulators and lawmakers
conditions from the mid-1970's to post- realize that preserving Clean Lakes warrants the
drawdown monitoring and evaluation of the late highest priority both in terms of legislation and
1980's. Few of the predicted adverse effects of funding. Unfortunately, the current momentum
drawdown actually occurred. As the Principal of wetlands protection seems to have missed
Biologist who wrote much of the Lake Lashaway open waterbodies. As one professional colleague
Feasibility Study and Impact Report(1981) prior said when discussing a lake restoration project
to implementations of drawdown, I was pleased initiated in the early 1980's and just now funded
to see that many of our environmental concerns for completion, "...what was once an award win-
did not materialize. On the other hand, I find it ning lake dredging and restoration project is
especially disturbing to think that under current now viewed by these same agencies as destruc-
Massachusetts' wetland regulations this note- tion of valuable wetland habitat."
worthy project would likely not be permitted!
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) also Pond planning manual to be developed for
applies to ponds and lakes. IPM practices for Connecticut DEP. In February , FM-East was
aquatic management have been the operating selected by CT DEP to prepare a guidance
philosophy of Aquatic Control since our incep- manual for small ponds. The guidance manual
tion in 1976. In fact, we were instrumental in will emphasize appropriate planning and design
bringing non-chemical approaches to the fore- procedures to help guide compliance of new
front in the northeast through our introduction of ponds with state wetlands and water quality regu-
mechanical harvesting/raking contract services, lations. More importantly, the manual will help
bottom weed barrier products and comprehensive the pond designer, builder, and owner to attain a
watershed management programs. Listed below finished pond that better serves its intended pur-
are a few active and representative projects pose as a balanced aquatic system. Gerald
where chemical, mechanical, and physical lake Smith, a Principal Scientist with FM-East and
management strategies are being effectively Aquatic Control President, will oversee this
integrated. interesting project.
-Lake Singletary, Sutton, MA
-Lake Sabrina, Wellesley, MA Still looking for more lake related
*Spring Lake, Sherman, CT information? Several informative newsletters
-Lake Celeste, Cold Springs, NY and organizations are listed below:
-Borden/Goldman Ponds; Concord, MA
Do not hesitate to contact us for specific informa- "Out of the Blue"
tion on these and other successful IPM aquatic VT Department of Environmental Conservation
management programs. Holly Crosson (802)244-5638
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
4
MAP 1. Changes in Vegetation Cover in Lake Ellis Simon 1964-1988
CI OPEN WATER (OW)
O MIXED OPEN WATER
6 EMERGENTS (E1) � s
O DENSE EMERGENTS (ER)
01 SHRUBSIEMERGENTS ISE) lf.
0 SHRUBS (S)
® SWAMP FOREST (SF)
® SPORADIC CYPRESS (SCI
ZR CANALS A By
O DUCK BLINDS
LAKE ELLIS SIMON 5 LAKE FLUS SIMON
Change In Corer Type(Acres)
n7t vN4 race cc—
sx a. -,m \;�4
11
a Na
1964 ;; ,' 1 1988
sc To v3 A
. ,a� ��.
------- SCALE 1 in. - 150 It.
Using aerial photographs and the Geographic Information System, scientists were able to dearly define vegetation changes
occuring over a 24 year period.
"Waterworks" 2,000 members throughout North America. For
NY Federation of Lake Associations more information contact: The NALMS Business
Ann Saltman (315)655-4760 office in Alachua, Florida(904)462-2554 or
"The Volunteer Monitor" Gerald Smith, NALMS Northeast Region I
National Newsletter of Water Quality Monitoring Director. The Aquatic Plant Information
Jerry Schoen (413)545-5532 Retrieval System (APIRS) of the University of
Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural
There may be a nominal subscriber fee or annual Sciences in Gainesville, is an invaluable resource
dues payment in order to receive these for the professional biologist or serious lake
publications. manager. For more information contact the
Center for Aquatic Plants at (904)392-9613.
Naturally, the Massachusetts Congress of
Lakes and Ponds, Inc. (COLAP) continues to
work hard for Clean Lakes and hosted an infor-
mative and well attended workshop in February. Aquatic management plan developed for 1,500
For more information contact: Carol Hildreth acre North Carolina bay lake. Since spring
(508)429-5085. On a national and regional level, 1991, Aquatic Control and FM-East scientists
the North American Lake Management Soci- have been working on Lake Ellis Simon near
ety (NALMS) offers its lake association mem- New Bern, NC. The 1500 acre lake is one of the
bers very tangible benefits which include: access naturally acidified (pH 4.0- 4.5) Carolina Bay
to lake association director/officer liability Lakes. The lake and the surrounding 7,500 acres
insurance; expert technical referral service; a are completely owned by a private sporting club.
wide assortment of public education and techni- Established in the 1800's, the Club manages the
cal resource materials; and interaction with over lake primarily for its trophy largemouth bass
5
fishing (despite the low pH) and waterfowl hunt- pipes and destabilizing the lake ecosystems.
ing. The lake is very shallow (average depth is Experts agree that widespread infestation
3.0 ft) and the water is gin clear. The lake is throughout the U.S. is inevitable.
dotted with cypress trees and contains one of the
largest populations of alligators in NC along with
a host of other rare and unusual plant/animal DEP task force organized to review lake man-
species. Using aerial photographs from 1964 and agement and restoration permit procedures.
1988 and FM-East's Geographic Information The MA DEP responding to the concerns of lake
System (GIS), we were able to clearly define and residents and efforts on the part of the Massachu-
quantify substantial changes in aquatic vegetation setts Congress of Lakes and Ponds (COLAP) and
cover type occurring over 24 years. A carefully the private sector, organized a lake task force to
laid out vegetation management plan has been reviewcurrent permit procedures. The need for
developed which the client has received with reform is obvious when, for example, a lake
enthusiasm. Prior to our involvement, the Club dredging project can require in excess of 12
was very close to spending several hundred separate permit processes and typically 1.5 - 3
thousand dollars on management programs years for receipt of all approvals.
including liming and triploid grass carp introduc- Gerald Smith was appointed to this lake task
tion. Based upon our assessment we have recom- force by DEP's Assistant Commissioner along
mended an integrated program of water level. with representatives from several environmental
management, minimal and selective herbicide groups, state agencies, and COLAP. Following a
treatment and mechanical work for Lake Ellis series of meetings last spring, the task force
Simon. submitted specific recommendations to DEP.
The recommendations and specific actions in the
report could have been stronger had minority and
majority opinions been presented. However, we
Zebra mussels continue their march eastward; believe this was a step in
although this method of locomotion the right direction and
and transport is a Of Zebra Musselsapplaud DEP for listen-
bit unusual. Large C0�017y Brassiere ing and responding.
These small d CgtO B,g
striped mussels r+Qlll1 °� yT°ewa aaG i a of Waeaa A group of our
(Dreissena � �jawphertayfeT DEegtaffweretrge a egexv- Massachusett's state
polymorpha) TMae sten Wdtg� ¢trout near a.Becau�
ultea from tgtT bout apt .;. representatives and
invaded Lake St. bTasmo see%,er at o rhe e-V of th'eaag�an 1013
waters thalafg senators were also
Clair, the Great rwgs TaK,ytpg teteoare had
al negea to at-
Lakes and the Erie olo y eo�tan sa �sed hemaetl atiOg extemely helpful in
of'gore
Canal from Europe
,,,area so free,UOUear�er mu6g�ist oso{&�°pt `g providing guidance
and direction. A
about five years ago �dttettasmornrog• apd emug- Dn °peveTthet> unst^ Le- special thank you
in bilge water dis- Theb,"sisTe` der obseTea', was oftarge�TOp° a to Senators
charges from ocean EeelsIon at t1, DEC
-w on Fte� � 'R gala ltw Page 26 Durand, Lees,
going freighters and gegT°hStatiopetCeFAQµIa �,rpusseta^ '� )
t Bertonazzi, and
have been spread DEC suogT°g0 Watertown.NY tN0° Wetmore along
further b boats trans- Daiiy Times, with
ferring from lake to lake, Source'Watertown Gardner, O'Sullivan andrCar n. WeBrecently saw
as well as through natural waterflow patterns. where a proposed change in wetland permit fees
The mussels, which reproduce prolifically (re- from $725 to $250 for lake projects is under con-
portedly achieving densities of 30,000-70,000 sideration- another indication that positive
animals per square meter) are wreaking havoc by change can be attained when individuals and
clogging water supply and power utility.intake groups unite.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLGY, INC.
6
Ugly ducklings effectively chase away Canada control program. Crescent Lake in Wolfeboro
geese. That's a fact, according to Jack Hutchin- was also the site of of a 25 acre milfoil control .
son, Recreation Director for the Town of Welle- and treatment project. The milfoil had not
sley, MA. A pair of swans successfully kept regrown to nuisance densities at Crescent Lake
geese away from the Morse's Pond Town Beach since Aquatic Control's treatment of the public
last summer. Over the past decade Wellesley had boat landing in 1981! Follow up inspections of
unsuccessfully employed a number of goose Contoocook Lake (Jaffrey, NH) continue to show
deterrent devices (trip wires, sprinkler systems, only minor and scattered milfoil regrowth since
predator decoys, etc.) with little, if any, lasting our initial treatment performed in June 1990.
benefit. Swans are also an exotic species and Native species, more desirable than milfoil, are
some people may have strong reservations about recolonizing the areas. There is no treatment
their potential affect on native birds and wildlife. proposed for Contoocook in 1992.
The swans used in Wellesley, however, are
sexually immature and rented seasonally from
the breeder. High species diversity = community health and
stability. A basic ecological principle and one
that we've found to hold true in the lake
Getting the word out. Congratulations to management profession, especially in the 1990's.
Daniel Helsel, Senior Aquatic Botanist with When people now ask us how's business?...we
Aquatic Control, who recently completed all final can honestly respond that citizens and lake
requirements for his Master of Science degree residents have not forsaken the commitment for
from the University of New Hampshire. Dan's Clean Lakes despite the soft northeastern
thesis is entitled "Habitat Manipulation of Sedi- economy. To the contrary, citizens have clearly
ments to Control Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum). indicated that preservation and maintenence of
local lakes and ponds are a higher priority than
Gerald Smith was an invited speaker at a confer- ever. At Aquatic Control we've successfully
ence on Nuisance Plants in Aquatic Environ- maintained existing clients and found new niches
ments:Ecology and Management organized by for our services. A diverse client base and
the Hudson River Environmental Society and the expanded geographic service area have helped
Fresh Water Institute of Rensselaer Polytechnic keep our business healthy. We are now USEPA/
Institute. Held in Poughkeepsie, NY last May, State certified applicators in six states; MA, NH,
the conference drew together a speaker panel of CT, VT, RI, and NY. We are doing mechanical
regional and national experts to focus on exotic, and other work in North Carolina, Washington
nuisance aquatic plants. D.C., Maryland, Virginia and Puerto Rico. Like
many, we're traveling more and working harder
In January 1992, Gerald Smith addressed the but remain enthusiastic about the year ahead and
Pennsylvania Turf Grass Council on Pond/Lake stili find our work professionally rewarding.
Management at its annual conference held in
Valley Forge. Credits toward "aquatics" pesti-
cide applicator recertification were provided to On behalf of our entire staff,
the attendees.
Sincerely,
Milfoii control projects successfully completed AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC .
under New Hampshire exotic aquatic plant
control program. Our treatment of approxi-
mately 75 acres of milfoil at Northwood Lake in
Epsom last June was the largest project to be
funded by the New Hampshire Department of Gerald N. Smith, President
Environmental Services (NHDES) exotic plant Aquatic Biologist
L
APRT, 1991
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6I a,•m = SI° si IN EI .tr ereiL� vn .� � Ryi n� ��w s =`x'm •
• Project Updates Technological Advances New Equipment & Services Regulatory Highlights
Lake drawdowns are increasingly subject and costly enforcement action down the
to closer regulatory scrutiny under state road.
wetlands laws. Fall/winter drawdowns (or
lowering of lake water levels) to control
nuisance plant populations has been effec- Changes in Massachusetts and Connecticut
tively used for decades by lake and reser- permit system for chemical treatments will
voir managers. Massachusetts DEP recently effect lake management clients. Massachu-
issued a preliminary guidance document on setts DEP recently adopted an application
lake drawdowns to Conservation Commis- fee of$100 for review and processing of
sions who are responsible for permitting chemical (herbicide/algicide) permits. Mu-
such activities. There are many valid envi- nicipal and other governmental agency
ronmental concerns (fish, wildlife, shallow projects are fee exempt. Connecticut has
wells) associated with lake drawdown, put into place a required pre-treatment
particularly if its the first time that lowering notification and posting system for projects
will occur. Focused assessment beforehand on public lakes and other waterbodies
by an experienced team of professionals can under multiple ownership. These ever-
often serve to address significant environ- changing regulations increase the need for
mental concerns, suggest ways to mitigate professional lake and water management
impacts and potentially avoid embarrassing technical assistance.
Reported Effectiveness of Drawdown in Controlling Aquatic Plant +'
`' Species Found in Lake Lash away
Reproduction Modes REPORTED CONTROL
W Species ` r in most Massachu-
setts Lakes FOLLOWING DRAWDOWN
Pontederia sp. (pickerel weed) Primarily rhizomes, Good Control
e possibly seeds
Utricularia sp:(bladderwort) , Winter buds Fair to Good Control
Cabomba caroliniana(tanwort) Winter budshragmenta- Good Control
tion, possibly rhizomes
Najas flexilus(bushy pondweed) Seeds only Potential Increase
Nyphaea sp. (white water lily). Rhizomes; .1 Good Control
r ' 4 occasionally seeds
Nitella sp. (muskgrass) Spores Good Control
Myriophyllufnsp. (watermilfoil) Fragmentation, Good Control
t:. winter buds,Seeds Source:Modified from IEP,°Ina (198 1)
,.
.1:
,
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6 Maple St.,P.O. Box 742,Northborough,MA 01532 (508)393-8846
457 Main Street,Danbury,CT 06811
Tackling the Potomac. Aquatic Control New Hampshire DES
successfully completed mechanical harvest- funds milfoil control Variable
ing operations of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticil- project at Contoocook watermiltoil
lata) infestations on the Potomac River from Lake. Variable water-
Alexandria, Virginia south to Quantico, Vir- milfoil, (M. heterophyllum)
ginia. Hydrilla, one of the most problematic presents a threat to unin-
"exotic" aquatic plants in Florida and south- tested waters of the state
ern United States, has gradually spread and impairs recreational
northward. Now having reached the Po- and aquatic habitats
tomac, it presently infests some 3,000 acres. where currently found.
The Washington Council of Governments, Recognizing this threat,
in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of the New Hampshire Department of Envi-
Engineers,joined forces to oversee and fund ronmental Services has wisely established a
this most important on-going harvesting funding program for the control of this and
project. Hydrilla densities are frequently in other "exotic" plant species. Contoocook 1i
the range of 20 tons/acre. By comparison, a Lake, situated in Jaffrey and Rindge, is a
heavy stand of water milfoil is about 5 tons/ relatively large (330 ac) and moderately
acre. Hydrilla at these densities out-com- shallow (average depth 7 ft.) waterbody.
petes native flora and degrades aquatic and Water quality of Contoocook is generally
wildlife habitat. Dense beds of hydrilla also good and the lake is classified as mesotro-
clog boat channels, and hydrilla adversely phic. Variable watermilfoil, however, first
impacts fishing and "crabbing" -both im- invaded the lake around 1986, and by 1990,
portant activities to the local economies. milfoil encompassed 70 acres of shallow
Tidal fluctuations, currents and often unpre- water habitat. Working closely with repre-
dictable weather, presented new challenges sentatives from the Contoocook Lake Pres-
for our harvesterlcrews. Plans are under- ervation Association and Ken Warren,
way for another successful harvesting proj- NHDES Program Director, Aquatic Control
ect in 1991. Aquatic Control was selected on successfully treated the milfoil in June, 1990.
qualifications and experience from among Post-treatment inspection and monitoring
several east coast firms to perform this revealed nearly 100% control of the milfoil
work. I population and no negative impact of that
treatment. Based on results from a similar
Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation milfoil treatment performed in 1989 at
in the Tidal Potomac. (1990) Locke Lake in Center Barnstead, at least two
years of control are anticipated. DES has
M n wnsH.Dc g �, recently awarded Aquatic Control the
EXPLANATION
Percent
p --
,Percent cover of submersed �c�� / state's largest milfoil control contract to
aquatic vegetation A d % date, for treatment of Northwood Lake in
WDense=40 percent cover. _
` June 1991. The Northwood program along
®Patchy f 40 percent cover Alexandra e , 3 .
4, W g;d= with several other private and municipally
funded milfoil projects are soon to be under-
k + k l
VIRGINIA b. gkaMsrsn " �" way.
C k ""WI a Aquatic Control hydro-raked cattails at a
New Jersey drinking water treatment plant
Marshall� MARVLANo to facilitate dredging and cleaning of
OccIcou sludge lagoon. Defeated by the extensive
o M11. 5 rhizome (root) system of the cattails, the
a Indian Mead 11 t v
e 5 augerhead dredge contracted from Montana
„.xSource: US.Geological Survey Ate' wlomatma
" could proceed no further until the dense
cattail, root mat layer and foliage was first Putnam County, New York lakes work and
cleared by Aquatic Control crews. The clean-up efforts continue with several
"pineapple" sized rhizomes were found at Aquatic Control mechanical harvesting and
sediment depths up to 10 feet suggesting raking projects undertaken there. The
that cattail growth had occurred in layers County "Save the Lakes Program" provides
over a span of v y partial funding for 1) abatement (mainte-
many years. — nance) projects, 2) baseline surveys,3) diag-
Other water and nostic/ feasibility studies, and implementa-
waste treatment " tion programs. Successful New York lake
lagoon work is management projects include Silver Lake
pending including 2), (Rhinebeck), Putnam Lake (Patterson) and
the relocation of a pending work at Lake Celeste (Putnam
"floating island" Water Valley) along with several other Putnam
at a beverage chestnut and Dutchess County waterbodies.
processing waste
lagoon in Massa-
chusetts. Installations of bottom weed barrier and
aeration systems provided to a number of
Aquatic Control pond and lake clients.
Aquascreenrm and Bottom-LineTm weed
barriers continue to be popular for control
of rooted vegetation in public beach areas
Alum treatment of New York lake pending and for private homeowners where no
for long-term control of nuisance algal organized lake-wide program exists. A
blooms. Laboratory work on dosage re- variety of surface (fountain type) and sub-
quirements for aluminum sulfate is under- mersed aeration-destratification systems are
way on this 100 acre Westchester County being installed at corporate ornamental and
lake. Permit requirements and conditions of private estate ponds. The addition of oxy-
treatment from New York DEC are being gen may help to hold fish throughout the
sought for this effective, but still infrequent hot summer period, while the improved
lake restoration technology. Alum treat- water circulation often works to suppress
ment to inhibit sediment phosphorus release the growth of algae and/or disperse floating
is being coupled with proposed biomanipu- algal scums. Aeration can also be useful for
lation (Walleye fish stocking) and watershed managing aquatic nuisances without chemi-
nutrient control strategies for a comprehen- cals and at the same time improve the visual
sive lake management program. Presently, quality of "wet" detention ponds.
nuisance "blue-green blooms" require
multiple copper sulfate algicide treatments
to keep the lake usable for swimming and Preventing the intro- Eurasian
contact recreation. duction of "exotic" watermilfoil
plant species in the
first place should be a -
Alum treatment at China Lake in Maine high priority for lake -
will likely go forward in 1992 pending associations,munici-
availability of funds. Alum application is pal officials and other
also pending for at least one other primary parties responsible for
drinking water supply reservoir in 1991/ lake maintenance.
1992. Problematic exotics in
the northeast typically
include:
a
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY,INC.
*Eurasian watermilfoil regulatory agencies and the private sector,
(Myriophyllum spicatum) along with concerned lake residents,convened
*Variable watermilfoil for three days of technical presentations and
(Myriophyllum heterophyllum) plenaries covering a wide range of lake related
•Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) subjects. A special "citizens session" on Friday
•Curlyleaf pondweed and Saturday featured a number of EPA/State
(Potamogeton crispus) funded lake case histories and "success stories"
•Water chestnut (Trapa natans) including several Aquatic Control projects.
Gerald Smith,NALMS Region 1 Director,
There are certainly other "exot- served as Publicity Chair for the symposium.
ics" in addition to the above but The strong attendance.despite the sluggish
these are five of the most com- economy demonstrates that preserving and
mon species we frequently en- ) restoring water quality and "clean lakes" is not
counter in our lake restoration a fad but rather an important and fundamental
work. Exotics present special "quality of life" expectation. Word is out that a
problems to lake managers in
P S NALMS State Chapter in Connecticut is looking
g
that they are "not native", and toet off the ground. Persons interested in
g
therefore natural predators or g
hel in to organize a Connecticut Chapter
helping
other population controls, may should contact Bruce Lockhart, Executive
be lacking. Public education Director of the Candlewood Lake Authority at
through newsletters and posters the CLA office in Sherman, Connecticut.
warning of exotics,such as
watermilfoil, conspicuously y Permitting capabilities expanded to meet regu-
placed at boat landings, can be ' latory requirements. While Aquatic Control
effective in preventing the Curlyleaf has always been a full service lake management
spread of these plants from one pondweed firm, ever increasing environmental regulations
lake to the next. Once a new necessitate staffing of skilled professionals to
exotic infestation is identified in deal with these permitting complexities. A
a waterbody, quick action may well arrest and range of personnel including aquatic and
potentially eradicate the pest. An annual plant wetland scientists, hydrologists, and registered
survey,paying special attention to the presence professional engineers, are available to accom-
and recent introduction of "exotics",should be modate permitting needs for any sized lake
a high priority for any pond/lake with a public project.
boat ramp regardless of how good water quality
may be. Aquatic Control Technology is pleased to be
0Fanwort celebrating its 15th year of business. We'd like
to thank our many valued clients and extend
appreciation to our professional colleagues
(regulatory, research and competitors alike)
whose cooperation, camaraderie, as well as
competitive challenge, we continue to enjoy.
Despite occasional differences, we all share a
common goal for "Clean Lakes."
AA Sincerely,
Drawings from:C.B.Hellquist and G.E.Crow,and Ernest O.Beal
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
The North American Lake Management's
Society's (NALMS) Annual Symposium held
����
in November at Springfield,Massachusetts at-
tracted some 600 attendees and participants. Gerald N. Smith, President
Scientists and professionals from universities, Senior Aquatic Biologist
j
APRIL 1990
F
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1 ❑Regulatory Perspectives❑Technological Advances❑ New Products&Services❑ Project Updates
1
❑Regulatory Perspectives Funding mechanisms in the future will
include lake tax districts and the assessment of
WHO IS FINANCING LAKE MANAGEMENT users fees. The tax districts operate as an-
IN THE 1990's? overlay district with revenues generated,
dedicated to lake protection, watershed
What do the 1990's hold for lake management management or other uses as the district sees
given the "sluggish" New England economy fit. Such districts are already common place in
and severe cutbacks in state funding? In the New York and on the increase in Connecticut.
short-term, impacts on lake protection and Lake user fees may also become more
management programs will vary markedly common. New Hampshire, for example,
t from state to state. Massachusetts has been generates significant funds each year for
i hardest hit. Active state funding program ($3 control of exotic aquatic plants and lake
million annually) is now gone plus towns are restoration, with a portion of motorboat
in dire fiscal straits due to Proposition 2 1/2 registration fees dedicated for that purpose.
constraints and state cuts in local aid. Strong What's next?...Perhaps a modest canoe
state and municipal control over lakes, coupled registration fee to support river protection and
with continued regulatory policy/permitting clean-up efforts.
confusion will hamper progress in
Massachusetts. Severe budget problems also ❑Technological Advances
reported in Vermont, Connecticut and Maine.
TECHNOLOGIES EMERGE IN BIO CONTROL
Lake protection will go forward, however,
once the politicians have the guts to tell lake New technologies include a big push in
residents that they (the property owners) must funding for research of biological controls.
bear the brunt of the cost. The demand for Research continues on the development of a
clean water and public awareness has never fungal pathogen specific to Eurasian
been greater. USEPA Clean Lakes Funding watermilfoil (M. spicatum). A USEPA grant for
looks like it may continue on a limited basis, up to 600K, apparently pending to investigate
the aquatic caterpillar (Parapoynx) and/or
Nonpalong with federal monies to implement weevil, thought to be responsible for milfoil
programs,
nt Source Pollution Programs. Lake population crash observed in several northern
programs, aligned with wetland protection Vermont waterbodies. Both biological control
and restoration projects, may also stand a agents, however, still appear to be years away
better chance of funding in the near term. from widespread use.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6 Maple Street, P.O. Box 742,Northborogh,MA 01532 (508)393-8846
457 Main Street,Danbury, CT 06811
❑Technological Advances (con't) Overwinter drawdown or lowering of a
lake's water level to control nuisance
aquatic vegetation can be a low cost and
effective method. Watch out, however,
for adverse effects of dewatering upon
fish populations, upstream wetlands,
water level dependent wildlife species, as
x ~� well as impacts to shallow domestic wells.
At Highland Lake in Stoddard, NH, a
e sudden refill of the lake last April when
the bottom was still frozen, resulted in a
tremendous upheaval of the highly
\ organic, unconsolidated bottom. Stumps,
logs and much of the lake bottom floated
to the surface, shifted location and then
" resettled as the ice melted. An awful mess
and uproar was created by this
Remember, these technologies are specific to unfortunate incident. Technical assistance
Eurasian watermilfoil and reportedly will not up front from an experienced lake
control other problematic native weed and manager can help assess the feasibility of
milfoil species also found in the northeast, drawdown and outline specific steps to
such as M. heterophyllum. avoid problems associated with this
technique.
The sterile (triploid) grass carp is allowed in
Connecticut under a strict permit system. Water chestnut (Trapa natans), another
Frankly, from everything we've been able to nuisance exotic aquatic weed, is gaining a
read and based on our discussions with stronger foot-hold in Massachusett's waters.
colleagues in southern states, we don't foresee Severe problems with water chestnut have
the grass carp as having widespread use here been reported at the U.S. Fish & Wildlife
in the northeast. At least not if the decisions Service ponds at Great Meadows Wildlife
on the carp are made by the scientific Refuge in Concord, Massachusetts. The
community, rather than legislative/political chestnut has out-competed desirable native
pressures for a quick fix. The grass carp often plants there, severely impacting waterfowl and
eat the desirable native plant species first, fishery habitat. Chestnut is also spreading in
before feeding on problematic exotics, such as Massachusetts drainage systems, most notably
watermilfoil. Stocking rates for the sterile carp the SUASCO. Water Chestnut needs to be a
seem to be more of an art right now than a priority for citizens, legislators and regulators!
science. We believe the sterile grass carp does
have it's place in lake management--most ❑New Products&Services
appropriately for use in small, closed system
farm or ornamental type ponds, but not in EXPANDED CAPABILITIES AND INCREASED
large multiple use recreational lakes. In the GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF SERVICES
meantime, selective use of USEPA approved
herbicides/algicides, mechanical techniques, A Regional Aquatic Control Office in
drawdown and benthic weed barriers will Danbury, Connecticut has been established to
continue to be strong until more permanent better serve existing and new clients in
control methods emerge. southern New England and mid-Atlantic states.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
❑Project Updates (con't) treatment, the extremely dense growth of
milfoil that had previously existed there was
Massachusetts was approved. A carefully totally gone. Water quality monitoring and
laid-out plan of selective Hydro-Raking was continued post treatment surveillance did not
carried out in September to preserve open identify any adverse effects from the chemical
water habitat and clear channel areas clogged application. We expect that spot re-treatments
by profuse growth of waterlilies (Nymphaea) once every two years will keep the milfoil
and submerged weed.species. The mechanical infestation under control. Selective use of
phase of the program successfully removed an approved herbicides on exotic weed species
estimated 700 cubic yards of plant material and (i.e., M. spicatum, M. heterophyllum, C.
bottom debris. This spring, spot regrowth caroliniana, and T. natans) is often the most
herbicide treatment of patchy vegetative appropriate approach to manage established
regrowth should be all that is needed to populations of exotic species and potentially to
maintain the desired state of improvement. eradicate pioneer colonies or small infestations
Lake residents, including Curt Feuer, a of exotics.
prominent Boston attorney, and former Boston
Celtics great and conservationist, Dave Weeds no longer a problem to triathletes.
Cowens, spearheaded the restoration effort ACT donated harvesting services using its H7-
working with Aquatic Control personnel. 400 Harvester (with special 7' deep cut) to the
Marlborough, MA Lions Club for their annual
triathalon. Proceeds from the event are given
to various charities in the community.
J
Sediment excavation and pond restoration projects
continue. During the partial dewatering phase of a
pond excavation project in Dover, Massachusetts
completed last spring, Chandler Smith, Technical
t2 , Operations Manager,came upon a fat,12 inch brook
Altrout. While that brook trout had withstood dense
-V algae mats, 80°C water temperatures and probably
not enough oxygen for a leech to survive, it did
succumb to Chandler's frying pan!
w
To our existing clients, thank you for your
Hydro-Rake removing roots and stems of floating continued support. To our associates, future
vegetation at Lake Sabrina clients and friends, we'd like to hear from you!
Chemical (herbicide) treatment of
watermilfoil (M. heterophyllum) was a Sincerely,
success at Locke Lake, Barnstead, NH. The
project at Locke Lake was partially funded AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
under the NH DES Exotic Weed Control
Program. In June 1989, Aquatic Control treated ���f � / t
approximately 40 acres or about 25% of the i6! E� ('./�
lake area with Diquat, a USEPA/State Gerald N. Smith
approved herbicide. Within two weeks of the President/Senior Aquatic Biologist
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES j
❑Weed Control ❑Algae Control
• Herbicide Treatments by State Certified • Algicide Treatments by State Certified
Applicators Applicators
• Mechanical Harvesting • Aeration Equipment
• Mechanical Hydro-Raking • Phosphorus Inactivation or Alum
• Bucket Dredging Treatments j
• Bottom Weed Barriers
❑Assessment & Surveillance
• Lake/Pond Surveys & Program Design • Drawdown Assessment
• Water Quality Analyses • Dredge Feasibility Surveys
• Exotic Plant Surveys • Pond Design & Construction
• Fishery Surveys & Reclamation Programs • Pond Outlet/Dam Inspection {{J
❑Other Services i
• Wetland Replication • Mosquito Control
• Pond Construction • Sediment Excavation
• Spill Clean-Up
j
I
SELECTED ARTICLES, PAPERS AND
INFORMATION OF SPECIAL INTEREST AVAILABLE
❑Description ❑Price {'
• Newsclip on drawdown controversy at Highland Lake,NH $2.00*
• Overview of Aquatic PlantlAlgae Control Techniques,G.N.Smith(1990) $2.00*
• Biology and Control of Watermil foil,D.R. Helsel and G.L. Baker,
University of New Hampshire Publication(1989),36 pp. $5.00*
• Newsclip-Water Chesnut Problem at Great Meadows Refuge(Feb. 1990) $2.00*
• Lake Tax District Organization Upon Request i
• NALMS Membership,Services and Springfield,MA Symposium
(November 1990) Literature No Charge I
• An Efficient Method of Applying Aluminum Salts for Sediment
Phosphorus Inactivation of Lakes,J.Connor and G.N.Smith, (Aug. 1986) No Charge
• Statement of Rationale for EradicationlControl of Eurasian Watermilfoil j
(March 1990) No Charge
*Nominal charges to cover cost of reproduction,postage and handling. Charges are waived to present �
Aquatic Control clients.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
APRIL 1990
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❑Regulatory Perspectives O Technological Advances❑ New Products&Services❑ Project Updates
❑Regulatory Perspectives Funding mechanisms in the future will
include lake tax districts and the assessment of
WHO IS FINANCING LAKE MANAGEMENT users fees. The tax districts operate as an
IN THE 1990's? overlay district with revenues generated,
dedicated to lake protection, watershed
What do the 1990's hold for lake management management or other uses as the district sees
given the "sluggish" New England economy fit. Such districts are already common place in
and severe cutbacks in state funding? In the New York and on the increase in Connecticut.
short-term, impacts on lake protection and Lake user fees may also become more
management programs will vary markedly common. New Hampshire, for example,
from state to state. Massachusetts has been generates significant funds each year for
hardest hit. Active state funding program ($3 control of exotic aquatic plants and lake
million annually) is now gone plus towns are restoration, with a portion of motorboat
in dire fiscal straits due to Proposition 2 1/2 registration fees dedicated for that purpose.
constraints and state cuts in local aid. Strong What's next?...Perhaps a modest canoe
state and municipal control over lakes, coupled registration fee to support river protection and
with continued regulatory policy/permitting clean-up efforts.
confusion will hamper progress in
Massachusetts. Severe budget problems also ❑Technological Advances
reported in Vermont, Connecticut and Maine.
TECHNOLOGIES EMERGE IN BIO CONTROL
Lake protection will go forward, however,
once the politicians have the guts to tell lake New technologies include a big push in
residents that they (the property owners) must funding for research of biological controls.
bear the brunt of the cost. The demand for Research continues on the development of a
clean water and public awareness has never fungal pathogen specific to Eurasian
been greater. USEPA Clean Lakes Funding watermilfoil (M. spicatum). A USEPA grant for
looks like it may continue on a limited basis, up to 600K, apparently pending to investigatethe aquatic caterpillar (Parapoynx) and/or
along with federal monies to implement
weevil, thought to be responsible for milfoil
Nonpoint Source Pollution Programs. Lake population crash observed in several northern
programs, aligned with wetland protection Vermont waterbodies. Both biological control
and restoration projects, may also stand a agents, however, still appear to be years away
better chance of funding in the near term. from widespread use.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6 Maple Street, P.O. Box 742, Northborogh, MA 01532 (508)393-8846
457 Main Street, Danbury, CT 06811
❑Technological Advances (con't) Overwinter drawdown or lowering of a
lake's water level to control nuisance
aquatic vegetation can be a low cost and
effective method. Watch out, however,
for adverse effects of dewatering upon
fish populations, upstream wetlands,
water level dependent wildlife species, as
c well as impacts to shallow domestic wells.
At Highland Lake in Stoddard, NH, a
` = sudden refill of the lake last Aprilw hen
the bottom was still frozen, resulted in a
Rv_ : tremendous upheaval of the highly
organic, unconsolidated bottom. Stumps,
logs and much of the lake bottom floated
to the surface, shifted location and then
resettled as the ice melted. An awful mess
and uproar was created by this
Remember, these technologies are specific to unfortunate incident. Technical assistance
Eurasian watermilfoil and reportedly will not up front from an experienced lake
control other problematic native weed and manager can help assess the feasibility of
milfoil species also found in the northeast, drawdown and outline specific steps to
such as M. heterophyllum. avoid problems associated with this
technique.
The sterile (triploid) grass carp is allowed in
Connecticut under a strict permit system. Water chestnut (Trapa natans), another
Frankly, from everything we've been able to nuisance exotic aquatic weed, is gaining a
read and based on our discussions with stronger foot-hold in Massachusett's waters.
colleagues in southern states, we don't foresee Severe problems with water chestnut have
the grass carp as having widespread use here been reported at the U.S. Fish & Wildlife
in the northeast. At least not if the decisions Service ponds at Great Meadows Wildlife
on the carp are made by the scientific Refuge in Concord, Massachusetts. The
community, rather than legislative/political chestnut has out-competed desirable native
pressures for a quick fix. The grass carp often plants there, severely impacting waterfowl and
eat the desirable native plant species first, fishery habitat. Chestnut is also spreading in
before feeding on problematic exotics, such as Massachusetts drainage systems, most notably
watermilfoil. Stocking rates for the sterile carp the SUASCO. Water Chestnut needs to be a
seem to be more of an art right now than a priority for citizens, legislators and regulators!
science. We believe the sterile grass carp does
have it's place in lake management--most ❑New Products&Services
appropriately for use in small, closed system
farm or ornamental type ponds, but not in EXPANDED CAPABILITIES AND INCREASED
large multiple use recreational lakes. In the GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF SERVICES
meantime, selective use of USEPA approved
herbicides/algicides, mechanical techniques, A Regional Aquatic Control Office in
drawdown and benthic weed barriers will Danbury, Connecticut has been established to
continue to be strong until more permanent better serve existing and new clients in
control methods emerge. southern New England and mid-Atlantic states.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
❑Project Updates (con't) treatment, the extremely dense growth of
milfoil that had previously existed there was
Massachusetts was approved. A carefully totally gone. Water quality monitoring and
laid-out plan of selective Hydro-Raking was continued post treatment surveillance did not
carried out in September to preserve open identify any adverse effects from the chemical
water habitat and clear channel areas clogged application. We expect that spot re-treatments
by profuse growth of waterlilies (Nymphaea) once every two years will keep the milfoil
and submerged weed species. The mechanical infestation under control. Selective use of
phase of the program successfully removed an approved herbicides on exotic weed species
estimated 700 cubic yards of plant material and (i.e., M. spicatum, M. heterophyllum, C.
bottom debris. This spring, spot regrowth caroliniana, and T. natans) is often the most
herbicide treatment of patchy vegetative appropriate approach to manage established
regrowth should be all that is needed to populations of exotic species and potentially to
maintain the desired state of improvement. eradicate pioneer colonies or small infestations
Lake residents, including Curt Feuer, a of exotics.
prominent Boston attorney, and former Boston .
Celtics great and conservationist, Dave Weeds no longer a problem to triathletes.
Cowens, spearheaded the restoration effort ACT donated harvesting services using its H7-
working with Aquatic Control personnel. 400 Harvester (with special 7' deep cut) to the
Marlborough, MA Lions Club for their annual
triathalon. Proceeds from the event are given
to various charities in the community.
Sediment excavation and pond restoration projects
continue. During the partial dewatering phase of a
-�
® pond excavation project in Dover, Massachusetts
completed last spring, Chandler Smith, Technical
Operations Manager,came upon a fat, 12-inch brook
trout. While that brook trout had withstood dense
� .� algae mats, 80°C water temperatures and probably
not enough oxygen for a leech to survive, it did
succumb to Chandler's frying pan!
To our existing clients, thank you for your
Hydro-Rake removing roots and stems of floating continued support. To our associates, future
vegetation at Lake Sabrina clients and friends, we'd like to hear from you!
Chemical (herbicide) treatment of
watermilfoil (M. heterophyllum) was a Sincerely,
success at Locke Lake, Barnstead, NH. The
project at Locke Lake was partially funded AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
under the DES Exotic Weed Control
Program. In June 1989, Aquatic Control treated
approximately 40 acres or about 25% of the
lake area with Diquat, a USEPA/State Gerald N. Smith
approved herbicide. Within two weeks of the President/Senior Aquatic Biologist
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
❑Weed Control ❑Algae Control
• Herbicide Treatments by State Certified • Algicide Treatments by State Certified
Applicators Applicators
• Mechanical Harvesting • Aeration Equipment
• Mechanical Hydro-Raking • Phosphorus Inactivation or Alum
• Bucket Dredging Treatments
• Bottom Weed Barriers
❑Assessment & Surveillance
• Lake/Pond Surveys & Program Design • Drawdown Assessment
• Water Quality Analyses • Dredge Feasibility Surveys
• Exotic Plant Surveys • Pond Design & Construction
• Fishery Surveys & Reclamation Programs • Pond Outlet/Dam Inspection
❑Other Services
• Wetland Replication • Mosquito Control
• Pond Construction • Sediment Excavation
• Spill Clean-Up
SELECTED ARTICLES, PAPERS AND
INFORMATION OF SPECIAL INTEREST AVAILABLE
❑Description ❑Price
• Newsclip on drawdown controversy at Highland Lake,NH $2.00*
• Overview of Aquatic PlantlAlgae Control Techniques,G.N. Smith(1990) $2.00*
• Biology and Control of Watermilfoil,D.R. Helsel and G.L. Baker,
University of New Hampshire Publication(1989),36 pp. $5.00*
• Newsclip-Water Chesnut Problem at Great Meadows Refuge(Feb. 1990) $2.00*
• Lake Tax District Organization Upon Request
• NALMS Membership,Services and Springfield,MA Symposium
(November 1990)Literature No Charge
• An Efficient Method of Applying Aluminum Salts for Sediment
Phosphorus Inactivation of Lakes,J.Connor and G.N.Smith, (Aug. 1986) No Charge
• Statement of Rationale for EradicationlControl of Eurasian Watermilfoil i
(March 1990) No Charge
I
*Nominal charges to cover cost of reproduction,postage and handling. Charges are waived to present
Aquatic Control clients.
i
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
I
MARCH 1989
MUM, r
tom¢ s' -rg6 s3,� "e `� _ (rP'T. NO,
y4� D A D �
v r mtESi' v { r �'� Fav i v1^
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fProject Updates • Technological Advances New Equipment&Services Regulatory Highlights
I
Sonar herbicide. . . a useful management EIR and subcommittee reports will help guide
tool but not a miracle chemical. Two but not likely cause major shifts in current
seasons of use now and we've found it to be state policies.
very effective on lilies (Nymphaea and Nuphar),
Elodea, and most pondweeds (Potamogeton). Copper sulfate treatment services for
Species selective control is variable, ie. good on nuisance algae expanded in 1988... Reason—
Eurasian Water Milfoil (M. spicatum) but poor municipal officials don't want the hassle and
on Broadleaf Water Milfoil (M. heterophyllum)I. potential liability of compliance with"Right to
Potential for carry-over weed reduction the next Know Laws,"pesticide licensing/certifications,
year also varies. Sonar is still not approved for chemical storage and disposal. Added cost to
use in all states. However, on-going research maintain boats, motors and special spray
focused on concerns with NMF, a photolytic equipment used infrequently is not economical
breakdown product of Sonar(fluridone), seems for many municipalities. AC1"s custom treat-
to be headed towards a favorable resolution. ment services eliminate these concerns and
I` Call us for straight talk on what results you can insure proper application of chemicals by
and can't expect and for cost proposals. experienced and licensed professionals. Fully
licensed for herbicide/algicide work in MA, CT,
I Massachusetts permit system for chemical VT, NH and RI. We'll develop a specific chemi-
aquatic weed/algae treatments is improving. cal treatment program based upon reservoir vol-
DEQE, Division of Water Pollution Control ume, alkalinity, and target species of nuisance
(DWPC) will issue signed permits to applicator algae. Algae identification and monitoring
or applicant which should expedite attaining services also are available to help guide fre-
approval from local Conservation Commissions. quency and timing of copper sulfate treatments.
Conservation Commissions in the past were
understandably leery to approve something they New Aquamarine Harvester H7-400 provides
knew little about. deepest cut of any harvester operating in
New England. This harvester, added to our
ACT President, Gerald Smith, serving as contract harvesting fleet last summer, has a 7
I' an industry representative to MEPA Citizens foot deep cut capability, and a potential for an
i Advisory Committee.The committee is active additional three weeks of plant control as com-
in the development of a Generic Environmental pared to standard equipment which cuts 5 feet!.
Impact Report (EIR) Eutrophication and Aquatic How so?. . . Remember milfofl and other sub-
Weed Control required under the Massachu- merged plants can grow up to 1 inch/day (84
setts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA). Final inches deep cut vs. 60 inches).
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6 Maple St., P.O. Box 742, Northborough, MA 01532 (508)393-8846
e �
��Y.,'3Q Q. rYlJL�I�Jl9
Aquamarine has expanded its line of harvest- burden for lake management/protection on
ers, transports and other water management local resources. We look toward working with
equipment for 1989. New outboard powered lake associations and municipalities to design
transport barges can increase harvesting pro- and implement lake management programs,
ductivity. Also new is the development of the with support from our affiliate firm IEP for more
Harbor-Mate for clean-up of trash and debris in comprehensive diagnostic/feasibility studies.
coastal harbors and rivers. Call us for product Management programs can be phased over
information. several years to work within existing fiscal con-
straints until state/federal funding is restored. ;
ACT completed a successful 7th year of har- On the brighter side ... the Connecticut Clean
vesting Water Chestnut (Trapa natans) at Lakes Program is beginning its first year of
Lake Champlain, VT in 1988. This Army funding. Contact us or Conn. DEP with
Corps/Vermont funded project is one of the questions regarding application procedures.
country's largest and most successful mechani-
cal control projects. We've observed drastic Busy with papers for professional societies
reductions in plant density from one year to the and conferences... Technical papers written
next as we continue to beat this annual plant for Mass. Congress of Lakes and Ponds (COLAP)
back to its origin in the very southern end of the and North American Lake Management Society
lake. We have several papers (some recent) on (NALMS) publications. President, Gerald Smith,
Utilisation of Harvested Plants and Environ- has been asked by the Northeast Chapter of
mental Effects of Weed Harvesting, available for American Fisheries Society to make presenta-
distribution. Send us a note or call and we'd be tions on "alum treatment" and "mechanical
happy to send you out a copy. weed control" for an upcoming May meeting in
i
New York. New England Park&Recreation As-
New England winters normally are somewhat sociation conference on the Cape is in April.
slow for field work, but not so this yeart Visit our display booth at the conference.
Good ice and no snow has meant we've been in
the field 1 or 2 days a week on surveys. Black Fungal pathogens for milfoil control, a high-
ice is like viewing through a glass bottom boat, light of the Army Corps Aquatic Plant Meet-
facilitating plant surveys, sediment probing and ing. The meeting, attended by ACT Technical i
coring tasks for dredging projects. Operations Manager, Chandler Smith, in
November 1988, was highlighted by presenta-
A good year for drawdown. Lack of insulating tions on the use of a fungal pathogen (biological
snow and rain this winter should provide control agent) specific for the control of Eura-
optimum conditions for effective plant control in sian Water Milfoil. New chemicals which can
lakes that are drawndown. But, be sure to produce "dwarf" generations of taller nuisance
allow sufficient time for lake refill, especially if plants were also a highlight of the conference.
we don't get more precipitation soon. Both techniques seem ready for pilot field
testing.
Weeds/algae won't wait for state/federal j
funding of lake management programs to Monitoring of a potential milfoil control
return. Recent funding cuts in the Massachu- strategy continues at Lake Winnepesaukee,
setts (628) Clean Lakes Program place added New Hampshire. Monitoring following the
I
i
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f
F
k
A
* ••Augusta
Montpelier
Explanation:
• • Harvesting
*
/Portland ■ Herbicide/Algicide
e x•Concord • Alum Treatments
*
Albany•• * Hydro-Raking
Srin• eld •r* Boston C Sediment Excavation
p g • • x ACT and IEP Diagnostic/Feasibility
■ Provi en Studies and Assessments
• r•Hartford
■ x
X x Aquatic Control Technology Representative Projects
k
sediment injection of alum and lime, completed went smoothly and in excess of 90,000 gal. of
in 1987, will provide information on long-term liquid alum and sodium aluminate were ap-
effectiveness of the technique for the control of plied to the lake in just over 12 working days.
F:
milfoil. Aquatic Control worked closely with DWPC will be monitoring Congamond over the
University of New Hampshire (UNH) scientists to next two years to ascertain treatment effective-
fabricate equipment and implement chemical ness and environmental effects.
injection into lake sediments.
Continued algae control still reported at
Dan Helsel, Principal Project Investigator Lake Morey (Vermont) and Cochnewagon
and UNH aquatic plant and milfoil specialist Lake (Maine). Water clarity remains good with
is due to join our firm full-time in May, the control of algae populations in these lakes.
1989. Dan's prior work experience on Wiscon- These two EPA/State funded projects were com-
sin and New Hampshire lakes will greatly pleted by Aquatic Control in 1986. The Lake
strengthen our biologic capability. Morey project was cited as a"success story" in a
recent EPA publication. The diagnostic/feasi-
Another alum project successfully completed bility study of Kezar Lake (New Hampshire)was
by Aquatic Control during October, 1988. completed by our affiliate consulting firm, IEP,
This one at Congamond Lakes in Southwick, Inc. in 1984. Kezar Lake was later treated with
Massachusetts. . . funded under the DWPC 628 alum by Aquatic Control in 1985. Increased
Lakes Program in the midst of state budget frequency of alum use for long-term algae
cuts. Thanks to persistent local and legislative control envisioned including potential applica-
support, the grant monies came through just tions to potable water supplies. Scientists and
under the wire. Once underway, the treatment state regulators don't seem to have the same
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
`O�t{tOL ifC'y�
® � n
environmental concerns with alum(aluminum) combination with conventional tracked excava-
as with prolonged and continued use of copper tors, are ready for: work on recreational/oma-
sulfate. Alum usage for more shallow and mental ponds, the construction of detention and
smaller ponds also seen. . . however, dosing on fire ponds, use on ponds that are drawn-down,
very small ponds is tricky due to changing and maintenance dredging of inlet areas and
water quality inflows. drainage ditches. Conservation Commissions
should consider specifying the use of low
Triploid grass carp illegal in all New England ground pressure equipment (i.e. the Smalley) for
States except for Connecticut. Strict permit work around sensitive vegetated wetlands.
systems are in place for Connecticut and some
violations have occurred with prosecution New "digging bucket" ready for Hydro-Rake
reporied. No question, the triploid is a vora- use in the spring. This will facilitate removal
cious "weed eater" but stocking rates and actual of muck/organic debris from lake beach fronts
costs are still very much in question. We don't or for pond dredging projects. Our T-650 Trans-
see the grass carp as a desirable control option port Barge is available to assist Hydro-Rake's
in multiple use ponds/lakes due to its non- where shoreline off-loading sites are widely
selectivity in what it eats, and the objections spaced.
from fishermen and wildlife interests.
1988...an extremely busy and rewarding year
Full line of aeration equipment available for for us. Aquatic Control successfully designed
1989. Several different product lines of"foun- and completed more than 100 pond/lake
tain type" and submerged units are available, management programs of varying size, com-
and we can handle system design, installation, plexity and technical approach. Our goal for
and service. Aerators are attractive and func- 1989 is to continue to provide quality products
tional, especially on smaller recreational, oma- and services founded on high ethical standards
mental or corporate ponds. and sound applied science. We'd like to hear
from you... Has our work met your expecta-
tions? How we can better serve you?
Benthic weed barriers continue to be very Y
popular. Barriers are ideal for the control of
rooted plants in near-shore swim, dock and Thanks and good luck during the year ahead!
beach areas. They provide the individual
homeowner with an effective control option at Sincerely,
an affordable cost. Contact us for product
information and prices for a new silicon weed AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
barrier due out from Dow Corning Corp. Mar-
ket introduction.is expected in late 1989. ka Kept our feet wet with several pond dredging
projects last fall. Our ultra-low ground pres- Gerald N. Smith
sure Smalley Excavator from Great Britain is President
ideally suited for this work. The Smalley, in Senior Aquatic Biologist
�'Oh(ROL TECy
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LAKE MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION PROJECTS DESIGNED
AND IMPLEMENTED BY AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
STATE FUNDED PROJECTS
Brown's Pond Barnstable, MA Sluice Pond Lynn, MA
Lake Buel Monterey, MA Turnpike Lake Plainville, MA
Lake Champlain Benson, VT Waushakum Pond Framingham, MA
Chebacco Lake Hamliton, MA Whitehall Reservoir Hopkinton, MA
Congamond Lakes Southwick, CT Lake Winnipesaukee Wofteboro, NH
Dorothy Pond Millbury, MA
Flax Pond Lynn, MA
Flint Pond Shrewsbury, MA
Floating Bridge Pond Lynn, MA
Jacobs Pond Norwell, MA USEPA FUNDED PROJECTS
Lower School Pond Concord, NH
Martins Pond North Reading, MA Kezar lake Sutton, NH
Monponsett Lake Halifax, MA Cochnewagan Lake Augusta, MA
Red Lily Pond Barnstable, MA Lake Morey Fairlee,VT
Stockbridge Bowl Stockbridge, MA Nuttings Lake Billerica, MA
MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATELY FUNDED PROJECTS
Bantam Lake Litchfield, CT Lake Lillinonah Bridgewater,CT
Barlett Pond Northborough, MA Locke Lake Center Bamstead, NH
Billington Sea Plymouth, MA Marlboro Fish&Game Club Marlborough, MA
Boon Lake Hudson;MA Mason Island Pond Mystic, CT
Bauneg Beg Lake Sanford, ME Metropolitan Corporate Ctr Marlboro, MA
Briggs Pond Sharon, MA Mount Holyoke College So. Hadley, MA
Candlewood Lake Danbury, CT Nipmuc Pond Mendon, MA
Captain's Pond Salem, NH Nipmuc Rod and Gun Upton, MA
Carbuncle Pond Oxford, MA Lake Sabrina Wellesley, MA
Cedar Lake Chester,CT Silver Lake
Rhinebeck, NY
Chauncy Lake Westborough, MA Sip Pond Fitzwiliam, NH
Cobbett's Pond Windham, NH Singletary Lake Sutton, MA
Cochichewick Lake North Andover, MA Star Lake Ludlow, VT
Dudley Pond Wayland, MA Sunset Lake Braintree, MA
Edgewater Office Park Wakefield, MA Turkey Hill Pond Rutland, MA
Ell Pond Motives, MA Twin Island Pond Pfne Plaine, NY
Fosters Pond North Andover, MA Upper Mysdc Lake Winchester, MA
Hate Reservation Dover, MA Lake Wsubeeka Danbury, CT
Lake Hiawatha Bellingham, MA Willow Pond Croydon,NH
Hunn's Lake Stanford,NY WlnNpeeakfikee Lake Snft's Cove,NH
Indian Lake Sharon,CT Webster lake Webster,MA
Vanderbift Marsh Club Rochester, NY Weld Pond Dedham, MA
Kirk Lake Mahopac, NY Lake Wonoscoponuc Lakeville,CT
Kenosia Lake Danbury,CT Woods Pond Middleboro, MA
Lashaway Lake North Brookfield, MA Wyman Pond Westminster, MA
Aquatic Control Technology, Inc. • 6 Maple Street • P.O. Box 742 • Northborough • MA 01532 • (508)393-8846
457 Main Street • Suite 4C • Danbury • CT 06811
LItiOl TE
ON
=s
ML
GERALD N. SMITH
President/Sr. Aquatic Biologist
Mr. Smith has over 17 years of professional experience in the assessment of
lake eutrophication and contamination problems and the implementation of
lake management and restoration programs. Since founding Aquatic Control
Technology in 1976, he has designed and implemented some 400p rojects
where in-lake management techniques including; mechanical
harvesting/raking, dredging, benthic barriers, alum treatment and herbicide
application have been employed. Mr. Smith is also a Principal of IEP, Inc. an
affiliated environmental science and planning firm with offices throughout
the northeast. He co-directs IEP's Lakes/Hydrology division where he has
managed over 40 lake diagnostic/feasibility studies including five projects
under the USEPA 314 Clean Lakes Program.
Though a Certified Aquatics Applicator, Mr. Smith has been instrumental in
introducing and advancing non-herbicidal vegetation control strategies
throughout the northeast. He has published articles on "mechanical
vegetation harvesting-costs and systems efficiency" and "hypolimnetic
injection of alum for nuisance algae control."
He is a frequent guest speaker and active member of several professional
societies. He was recently elected to a three year term as Region I Director for
the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS).
EDUCATION
Nasson College
B.S. in Biology, 1971
Boston University
Graduate Studies in Biology, 1973
U.S.E.P.A. Methods in Analytical Branch-Cincinnati
Intensive Training in Aquatic Biology
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
• North American Lake Management 0 Midwest Aquatic Plant Management
Society Society (MAPMS)
• Aquatic Plant Management Society • Florida Aquatic Plant Management Society
(CAPMS)
• New England Association of
Environmental Biologists (NEAB)
Aquatic Control Technology,Inc. • 6 Maple Street • P.O. Box 742 • Northborough • MA 01532 • (508)393.8846
457 Main Street • Suite 4C • Danbury • CT 06811
S
t
GERALD N. SMITH (Cont.)
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GOVERNMENT SERVICE
• Massachusetts GEIR for "Eutrophication and Aquatic Vegetation Control Policy - Citizens
Advisory Committee"
• New Hampshire Aquatic Vegetation Control Advisory Committee
• Massachusetts Aquatic Pest Control Advisory Committee
• Conservation Commission Member, Hudson,Massachusetts
• NALMS Region 1, Director
GUEST LECTURES
• NALMS • Massachusetts Association of Conservation
• Ohio Lakes Management Society Commissions
• MAPMS • Massachusetts Congress of Lake&Pond
• Massachusetts Turf& Lawn Grass Associations (COLAP)
Council • Northwest Connecticut Cakes and Ponds
• New England Park and Recreation Workshop
Association • Putnam County, New York Save-the-Cakes
• Northeast Fish & Wildlife Conference Program
• Connecticut Conference of Lake • American Water Works Association,
Authorities Connecticut Chapter
• Vermont Lake Protection Conference
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CITY OF SALEM HEALTH DEPARTMENT
BOARD OF HEALTH
9 North Street
ROBERT E. BLENKHORN Salem, Massachusetts 01970
HEALTH AGENT
508-741-1800
July 12, 1993
Jane Stirgwolt
Councillor at Large
City Hall
Salem, MA 01970
Councillor Stirgwolt:
In reference to the Council Order from the Committee on Community Development, the matter of"Cold
Springs" as a source of drinking water and that the Health Department take immediate steps to determine
the potability of the water at"Cold Springs"and if said water is not drinkable, that the Health Department
post such notice at"Cold Springs".
At the Board of Health meeting held June 15, 1993 a motion was made to have the Health Department do
abasic coliform test for bacteria and submit the results to Councillor Stirgwolt as soon as possible.
Martin Far,CHO,RS, Health Agent for the towns of Hamilton and North Reading and also a member of
the Board,accompanied myself to the site to conduct the test. "Cold Springs" is a very unsanitary site
We could not conduct the test due to lack of running water and a lot of"muck".
Due to the close proximity of Sargent pond which is located in the Greenlawn Cemetary and is being
chemically treated,I have enclosed information from Aquatic Control Technology, Inc.
If you have any questions,kindly contact this office at(508) 741-1800.
FOR THE BOARD OF HEALTH
- - P
Robe E. Blenkhorn,CHO
Health Agent
_ REB/b
cc: Councillor Sarah Hayes
RECEIVE®
Conservation Commission JUL 19
1994
encl
Sates �lar,n►ng Dept
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�.'%oN Cp l
Conservafim Commission
Sulem. Massachusetts 01970
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CITY OF SALEM
CONSERVATION COMMISSION
REQUEST FOR DETERMINATION OF APPLICABILITY
The Salem Conservation Commission will hear a Request for a
Determination of Applicability, under the Wetlands Protection Act,
Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 131 , Section 40 , at the request
of the City of Salem. The proposed work, located at Greenlawn
Cemetery, consists of chemical (algicide) treatment of nuisance
microscopic and filamentous algae at Sargent Pond located in
Greenlawn Cemetery. The Request will be heard on Thursday, June
25, 1992 at 7 :00 p.m. , One Salem Green, second floor conference
room.
Betsy Horne
Chair
June 11 , 1992
EX\DH\RDAGREEN
RM IIwog �Siet iE �KfiiT[Z �
My Hall A . , Salem Mass. on
st o2• .00in aoaordanoe
of the Asts of 1959.
AQUATIC HERBICIDES REGISTERED FOR USE IN MASSACHUSETTS
HERBICIDE TARGET PLANTS TIME UNTIL PERSISTENCE WATER USE WILDLIFE SPECIAL
(PRODUCT) EFFECT RESTRICTIONS IMPACTS CONCERNS
COPPER Algae 1 to 6 weeks Persistent; None Toxic to fish at Accumulates in
ODIVIPOUNDS accumulates application rates. sediments.
Submerged plants
(K-TEA, KOMEEN, Toxic to aquatic Groundwater
COPPER SULFATE) invertebrates. contamination is
possible.
Use in endangered
species habitats Algae may become
may require state tolerant.
or federal review.
2,4-D Emergent, 2 weeks 7 to 20 weeks Wart 3 weeks Some products Groundwater
floating, and before using extremely toxic to contamination Is
(AQUA-KLEEN, submerged plants treated water for fish. possible.
2,4-D human
GRANULES) consumption, Use in endangered Human cancer
livestock, or species habitats potential; human
Irrigation. may require state health studies
or federal review. pending.
DICHLOBENIL Emergent and Effect appears Uncertain; plants Wait 14 days Moderately toxic Groundwater
submerged plants gradually will not grow In between to fish and aquatic contamination
(CASORON 10G) throughout treated areas for 1 treatments; 90 Invertebrates; possible.
May destroy all growing season. to 2 years. days before eating slightly toxic to
vegetation. fish from treated birds. Toxic breakdown
waters; 4 weeks product, BAM
before using water (dichloro-
for Irrigation. benzamide).
Do not use on
commercial fish
waters.
DIQUAT Algae 1 to 2 weeks In water, 2 weeks; Wait 24 hours Toxicity to Production method
In soil, persistent, before swimming; wildlife not well contaminates
(WATROL, Floating and but chemically 2 weeks before studied. Diquat with low
ORTHO-D", submerged plants bound. using treated levels of cancer
CONKILL) water for Cataracts formed causing EDB
May destroy all drinking, domestic In test animals. (ethylene-
vegetation. use, animal dibromide).
consumption, or
Irrigation.
ENDOTHALL Algae 1 to 2 weeks 1 to 3 weeks Wart 3 days before Some products Precise
eating fish from extremely toxic to application
(HYDROTHAL Floating and treated waters; fish. necessary; direct
191,AQUATHOL) submerged plants 24 hours before contact will kill
swimming; 7-25 Use in endangered nontarget
days before using species habitats vegetation.
treated water for may require state
drinking, domestic or federal review.
use, animal
consumption, or
irrigation.
FLURIDONE Emergent, 1 to 12 weeks 1 to 52 weeks Wait 1 to 4 weeks Moderately toxic Possible
floating, and before using to fish and aquatic breakdown
(SONARAS, submerged plants treated water for invertebrates; product, NMF
SONAR SRP/5P) Irrigation. slightly toxic to (n-methyl
May not be used birds, formamide), has
within 1/4 mile reproductive
of public drinking Use in endangered effects.
water intake. species habitats
Use only once per may require state
season. or federal review.
GLYPHOSATE Emergent and 1 to 4 weeks 8 to 24 weeks May not be used Slightly toxic to Can produce
floating plants within 1/2 mile fish, aquatic cancer causing
(RODEO) of public drinking invertebrates, and N-nitroso
May destroy all water Intake. birds. compounds in the
vegetation. Wait 24 hours digestive tract or
between Use in endangered In soils.
treatments. species habitats
may require state
or federal review.
SIMAZINE Algae 1 to 10 weeks 1 to 10 weeks Wait 12 months May be toxic to Groundwater
before using some aquatic contamination is
(AQUAZINE) Floating and treated water for Invertebrates at possible.
submerged plants drinking, domestic application rates.
use, animal Possible human
consumption, or Must be used early carcinogen.
Irrigation. In season to avoid
Wail 4 hours fish kills from
before swimming oxygen loss.
In treated water.
Complied from published data from the US EPA, state agencies, product manufacturers, and the scientific literature.
SENT BY:ACT 5-21-93 ; 10:33AM 5083939115- 5087445918;# 1
JOB NO :
d0gOl TB�,y�,
6 Maple St'eet•P.O. Box 742 •Nortn6orough •MA Ot632
PHONE : 508-393-8846 FAX : 508-393-8647
"YOUrGATE �_ TIME _ A.M El P.M 0 e 13SR ng F PAGES
if
eceive all of the pages or If you have a question,piano call the varOWS number(bele.)..
1 Ur' ` Q FROM: ( a 1
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ACORE99 I9u8jeCT
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ATTENTION POY1FAA NO
FAX NO.
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SENT @Y:ACT 5-21-93 ; 10;34Ah1 5083939115- 5087445916;;;
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
ExecLAW Office of Environmental Affairs
®elpartment of
Environment®1 Protection
Wllllam F.Web
Oovrmor
Daniel 8, Oreenbsum
CcTTIWOMf
LICENSE TO APPLY CHEMICAL$
FOR CONTROL OF NUISANCE AQUATIC VEGETATION
Applicant: ACT, INC.
P.O. BOY 7742
6 MAPLE STREET
NORTHBORO
$08 3938846 GERALD SMITH
License No. s =093044
Date of Application: 04/26/99
Date of Issuances
Name of Lakes SARGENT POND
Location of Laker SALEM
AUTHORITY FOR ISSUANCE
Pursuant to the authority granted to the Department of Environmental
Protection, by Massachusetts O.L.c. ill, s5E, the following license is hereby
issued to GERALD N. SMITE, PRSSIDENT, AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
(hereinafter called the "licenses") , authorizing the application of chemicals
for the control of nutrients, algae or aquatic plants to SARGENT POND, SALEM
such authorization being expressly conditional on compliance by the licensee
with all terms and conditions of the license hereinafter set forth. This
license shall become affective on the date of the Director's signature and
shall expire nine months from the date of issuance.
Li�i 04//�
Brian M. Donahoe, Director Date
Division of Water Pollution control
Department of Environmental Protection
One Winter 8Vea1 a 8oeton, MA 021011 6 FAX (617)=98.1040 a Telephone (617)294.84100
SENT Y:A. - - U;d ou
I. SPECIAL CONDITIONS
A. Application Conditions
CHEMICAL NAME MAXIMUM WEIGHT MAXIMUM MAXIMUM TREATMENT
OR VOLUME APPLICATION TREATMENT DATE
RATS/ACRE ACRES
AQUASINS 64.00 POUNDS 12.80 POUNDS 5.00 06/01/93
EYDROTEOL 191 4.00 GALLONS 0.80 GALLONS 5.00 06/01/93
8. Application Renort
Within fourteen (14) days of the date of treatment, the licenses shall
submit a written report to the Department certifying the treatment date,
application rate, and the total weight/volume for each chemical used in the
treatment, in Accordance with requirements of Section T.A. of this license.
C. Modification of Application Conditions
The licenses shall not apply chemicals in a manner contrary to, or
inconsistent with, the application conditions not forth in Section I.A. of
this license without the prior written approval of the Department.
D. Other spacial Treatment Ggg itlgas
The licensee shall &bids by the following special conditions for this
treatment: REQUESTS TWO TRSATK=5 IP NECESSARY.
22. Qty I--- COIfDITI=a
A. The licensee is hereby notified that chemical treatments to control
aquatic nuisances in public or private lakes and ponds of the Commonwealth
involve the alteration of watland resource areas protected under both
Massachusetts C.L.C. 131, 940, the Wetlands protection Act and 310 CMR 10.00,
Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Regulations.
S. The licenses is hereby notified that issuance of this license does not in
any way constitute the Department's approval of the chemical treatment as it
relates to the provisions of the Wetlands Protection Act.
C. The licensee shall obtain either a final Order of Conditions or a negative
Determination of Applicability from the SALEM Conservation Commission prior to
application of chemicals authorized under this licence.
D. Shoreline areas of the lake or pond must be posted with signs warning the
general public of any water use restrictions stated on the chemical label for
a minimum of one week. This is especially important at bathing beaches and
other areas of common access. These signs shall clearly state that the
chemical treatment is being conducted pursuant to a license issued by the
Department of Environmental Protection, "DEP."
E. The Department may require the licensee to cease application of chemicals
to a body of water at any time following the issuance of a license if the
Department determines that the chemical treatment will be ineffective, or will
result in unreasonable restrictions on currant water uses, or will produce
unnecessary adverse side effects on nontarget flora or fauna.
P. Chemical applications shall be performed in accordance with the
manufacturer's label directions, existing pesticide use laws, and any
conditions imposed by other local or state agencies.
B. Chemical treatments shall only be performed by an applicator currently
licensed by the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture Pesticide
Bureau in the aquatic woad category.
B. Issuance of this license does not release the licensee from liability
resulting from the use of chemicals or from negligent or reckless application
of chemicals specified in section I.A. of this license.
/
310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
r
10.99: continued
310 CMR 10.99
Form 2 t1v rr w.
r n0 b tin„erU b pEP1
rV
_= Commonwealth CiNrre.n `;ALEM
, of Massachusetts Aly l CITY OF SALEM
17
ow A.tt.n c..a
6/1/92
Determination of Applicability
Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act, G.L. c. 131, §40
From Salem Conservation commission Issuing Authority
To Richard Rennard City of Salem
(Name of person making request) (Name of property owner I
Address
One Salem Green Address One Salem Green
This determination o issued and delivered as follows:
Abyhanddeliverytooemmmakingrequeston -MI” !�o, 1SSL (date)
O by certified mad.return receipt requested on (date)
Pursuant to the authority of G.L.C. 131.§40.the Salem Conservation ommi-, ion
has considered your request lot a Delenrnatatkm of Applicability and Its supporting documentation,and has
made the to9owing determination Icheck wfdehHIM is applicablel:
Sargent Pond - located in Greenlawn Cemetery
Location:Street Address
Lot Number N/A
This Determination Is positive.
1. ❑ The area described below,which Ncludes all/paq of the area described M your request,Is an Area
Sugect to Protection Under the Act.Therefore,any removing,filling,dredging or altering of that
area requires the tiling of a Notice of Intent.
2. ❑ The work described below,whldl Includes all1pan of the work described In your request.Is within
an Area Subject to Protection Under the Act and will remove,191,dredge or after that area.
Therefore,said work requires the filing of a Notice of Intend.
2.1
12/8/89 (Effective 11/10/89) - corrected 310 CMR - 280. 17
310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
10.99: continued
3. ❑ The work described below.which includes all/part of the work described in yots request.is within
•. .'the Buffer Zone m delmed in the regulations.and will eller an Area Sublectlo Protection Under
the Act.Therefore.said work requires the Icing of a Notice of Intenl.
This Delemmnatron is negative:
1. ❑ TIM area described m your reovest is not an Area Subject to Protection Under the Act.
2_ q The work described in your request is wilmin an Area Subject to Projection Under the Act.but will
not remove.rill.dredge.or eller trial area.Therelore.said work does not require the filing of a
Notice of Intent. SEE ATTACHED CONDITIONS
3. ❑ The work described A your request is within the Buffer Zone,as defined in Ibe regulations.but will
not alter an Area Subject to Projection Under the Act.Therefore.said Work does not reoUae the
fame of a Notice of intent.
a. ❑ The area descr bad in your request is Subject to Protection Under the Act.but since the work
described therein meets the reotkrements for the following exemotion.as specified in the Act and
the regulations.m Notice of Intent is regtmed:
Issued by Salem Consenrallon Commm.on
Slpgatmelsl � — --
This Determination must be signed by a 1110MY of the Conservation Cipmrnisslon.
On Ihb 30�� t day of Is q-9-1 .before me
peraonalf appeared_r n S'n r �"�' u �ifrn-a'L .tome known to be the
parson described in.and who executed.the forepoaq ft"Urrment.and acknowledged that helahe executed
the cams lWher free act and deed.
ubYC My eomm�lwn e+Dees
-1iNa panNrrrwaaa viae ror nNNNa Nw tesssM use eeridlaq wan b airier NeaNeNare Neral.NbN a lace NYMNN.pANrKNs.
(ryiwNP bpMark tae pvrrNrrNrrak�NaMbArea Para brerbw WMWkr�rCN
lib badLabawrw,frit swNrw aaPrwOar ar panNrrrrraeru nrYaww•bon MYaAe M Irk avec wkltaM araOaNPe wank
Ylabew.b arrrlNnreNNlrb MarklywbewbMwllMalonaUbolts.arNlwrNOPwaMrak AW ryNbraalrNNnM OaMrarwk
M ttlwYSNrbIN/FANarr brine•atkrbbggwrawrkbr M AOoaaNean.AAINNV M narwrl a area ar ArkrNe AVN a Mao
tlnararybeA RabAwM.riot ar sowm�tattle 1w rk YSN LalbN+rrr Farre b vwreNe A sro t?1R o.tl'Xitwkrr tin awn kaon
M YN M los M aY fbrawtbNN�A ser k M raeMb Yra�ab�rrN wv w aNre rw awklb NINN ar Priv aNlnary b M
Or�rwarr CarrNrNNrlue ark N baarba.
2.2A
It/10/B9
310 CMR - 280. 18
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
1 . All work shall conform to the above-referenced
Determination of Applicability, and supporting documents.
Any change made or intended to be made to the approved
Request for Determination of Applicability shall require
the applicant to inquire of the Commission in writing
whether the change is substantial enough to require the
filing of a new Request for Determination of
Applicability or a Notice of Intent .
2 . Members and agents of the Commission shall have the right
to enter and inspect the premises at all reasonable times
to evaluate compliance with the conditions in this Order .
The Commission may require the applicant to submit
additional data or information necessary for the
Commission to conduct this evaluation.
3 . Equipment servicing must be conducted outside the buffer
zone. Equipment must be maintained to prevent leakage or
discharge of pollutants . No overnight equipment storage
shall occur within 100 feet of the wetland boundary.
4 . During and after work on this project , there shall be no
spill of discharge of petroleum products or other
pollutants into any wetland resource area or land within
the buffer zone.
5 . Notice shall be given to this Commission no more than 2
weeks nor less that 2 days prior to the commencement of
construction activities . Said notice shall include, in
writing, the name(s) , address(es) , and business and home
telephone numbers of the project supervisor ( s)
responsible for insuring that operations are conducted in
compliance with this Order .
6. Algicide treatment shall be applied by a State
licensed/certified applicator .
7 . A maximum of three chemical applications of this year
( 1992) .
8 . Submission of Massachusetts DEP permit, Division of Water
Pollutant Control, must be submitted prior to
commencement of work .
9. Pond outflow must be restriction for a period of 24 hours
must after algicide treatment .
ex\dh\greenlawn
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FRESHWATER VEGETATION
t MANAGEMENT
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DR. EDWARD O. GANGSTAD
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Retired
X11
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THOMAS PUBLICATIONS -
P.O. Box 9335
Fresno, Ca. 93791
d
PART 11
EVALUATION OF
SELECTED AQUATIC
HERBICIDES
CHAPTER 13. HERBICIDAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
HEALTH EFFECTS OF SIMAZINE
Introduction.. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . ... . . . . . .. . ... . ... . . . . . . .. . . . .
Herbicidal Effects . .. . ... . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .... . .. . . ...... . .. . . .
Environmental Effects . . .. . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . ... . . .. . . .... . . . . . .
Health Effects . ... . ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . ..... . . . . . . .
Summary and Conclusions . ... . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . ..... . . . ...
References . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . ... . . . . . . . ... . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 13
HERBICIDAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND HEALTH
EFFECTS OF SIMAZINE'
INTRODUCTION
Simazine (2-chloro-4,8-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) is practically in-
soluble in water. It is formulated as an 80 percent water-dispersible
powder, as a 4 percent granular product, as a 4 pound per gallon flow-
able and as a 90%water dispersible granule. All formulations are used
for the nonselective control of vegetation on areas where any plant
growth is undesirable.
Simazine is adsorbed by soil colloids. High cation-exchange ca-
pacity, high organic-matter content and, to a less extent, high clay
content of soils reduces its toxicity to plants and it is deactivated by
soil micro-organisms. Simazine has little or no contact action on foli-
age, so there is no drift hazard. It cannot penetrate an unbroken leaf
cuticle and is absorbed only through the roots. Simazine is ineffec-
tive on terrestrial plants until water carries it to the root zone, and its
action is slow. It is easily removed from equipment by washing. It
forms a suspension in water that requires agitation to keep the herbi-
cide from separating out.
Simazine formulated as Aquazine CIBA-GEIGY Corporation's trade
name for simazine for aquatic use, is registered for control of algae
and most submersed and floating problem aquatic weeds as appropri-
ate in swimming pools, large aquaria, ornamental fish ponds, foun-
tains, and farm and recreational ponds. Aquazine is formulated as an
80% active ingredient powder.
HERBICIDAL EFFECTS
Extensive tests conducted with simazine in the United States and
other countries indicate that the compound has considerable herbici-
dal activity against many broadleaf and grassy weeds. In experimental
field trials, pre-emergence applications of simazine gave excellent
control of annual broadleaf and grassy weeds in corn for the entire
'The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of
the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
330 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES HERBICIDAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF SIMAZINE 331
i
season with no injury to the crop; and commercial applications have ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
verified earlier investigations (8).
The nomenclature, chemical and physical properties of simazine are
given in table 1 and examples of weeds controlled are given in table 2. Several studies have been conducted on absorption and transloca-
Many unicellular algae and benthic filamentous algae in ponds are tion of simazine by aquatic plants. Lawrence et al. (8) found that there
controlled with 1.7-3.4 lbs. of simazine per acre foot of water (0.5-1 was absorption and upward movement of simazine into stems and
ppm active ingredient). Chara sp. (stonewort), Hydrodiclyon sp. leaves of waterstargrass(Heteranthera dubia) following application to
(waternet), and most other algae, including Cladophora sp., which roots. They further reported varying degrees of downward (basipetal)
form on pond bottoms or which form plumes that break loose and float movement following leaf absorption. Sutton et al. (18) observed that
at the surface, require approximately 4.25 lbs. per acre foot(1.25 ppm) simazine was absorbed by roots of parrotteather (Myriophyllum
(6). brasiliense) and translocated to the plant shoots, where it tended to
Blue-green algae are generally the most sensitive of all the classes accumulate in the upper parts. On the other hand, they observed little
of algae to simazine. Some sensitive algae within this group are cer- or no absorption of simazine by elodea (Elodea canadensis) or com-
tain species of Anabaena, Anacystis, and Aphanizomenon. These al- mon duckweed (Lemna minor).
gae sometime give odor and foul taste to water. Runke(16)reported no detectable simazine uptake by freshwater al-
Norton and Ellis (13) reported that green algae as a group are less gae, although Hawxby and Mehta(6)reported greater simazine uptake
sensitive to simazine than blue-green algae. They further reported that in light than in dark. Anacystis nidulans took up more simazine at 25
most diatoms and flagellates are tolerant of simazine at suggested use and 35°C, than at 8°C, while Lyngbya sp. gave opposite results.
rates. In the submersed aquatic plant, curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton
Submersed weeds controlled by simazine include coontail (Cer- crispus L), Sutton & Bingham (19) found slight basipetal movement of
atophyllum spp.), naiad (Najas spp.), pond weeds(Potamogeton spp.), radioactive C14 simazine after foliar applications of 1 ppm. Funderburk
watermilfoil (Myriophyllum) spp.) and fanwort (Cabomba spp.). With & Lawrence(13) reported considerable accumulation of labeled mate-
the exception of fanwort, these weeds may be controlled at rates of 3.4 rial in the tips of the leaves following root treatment of radioactive C 1 4
to 6.8 lbs. of simazine 80W per acre foot (1-2 ppm active ingredient). simazine to emersed alligatorweed (Alternanthera sp.) Seaman &
Control of fanwort requires 8.5 lbs. (2.5 ppm)of simazine per acre foot Baldia (17) reported considerable apoplastic movement of basally ap-
of water. plied simazine in emersed parrotfeather (Myriophyllum sp.).
Floating weeds controlled by simazine include duckweed (Lemna The primary mechanism of action of simazine is considered to be in-
spp.)and watermeal (Wolffia spp.). Rates of simazine labeled for con- hibition of the Hill Reaction of photosynthesis. This affects the normal
trol of these species range from 3.4-6.8 lbs. per acre foot (1-2 ppm). transfer of energy necessary for vital cellular processes.
Where watermeal occurs, a split application of simazine should be In photosynthetic plants, other than blue-green algae, the photosyn-
made with an interval of 3-4 weeks between applications. One-half the thetic centers are located in structural units or plastids. In blue-green
total rate of simazine should be used at each application. algal cells, the photosynthetic centers do not exist as distinct cellular
The judicious use of simazine can be beneficial to fish farming and structures, but rather are scattered throughout the cell.
related aquatic operations. This assumes that there is desirable to The metabolism of simazine by aquatic plants is considered to be
keep nuisance algae and certain vascular weeds from uncontrolled similar to that of terrestrial plants. Those algae and vascular aquatic
growth. weed species capable of altering simazine to less phytotoxic or
Simazine does not commonly have a detrimental effect on fish pro- nonphytotoxic entities are more tolerant of simazine than those spe-
ductivity where commercial fish foods are routinely used. When inor- cies which lack such ability.
ganic fertilizers are used to stimulate algal bloom for the aquatic food In tolerant terrestrial plants, simazine is readily metabolized to hy-
chain, for shading, or for other purposes, adjusting applications of droxy-simazine, amino acid conjugates and other unidentified polar
simazine relative to applications of fertilizer provides effective control conjugates. The hydroxy-simazine can be further degraded by dealky-
of nuisance plant life. lation of the side chains, hydrolysis of the resulting amino group on
Simazine also has the ability to control algae in recirculating water the ring and some CO' production from side chain oxidation to form
cooling towers. Here the object is to prevent the buildup of algae, dihydroxy metabolites. These alterations of simazine are considered to
which reduce the operating efficiency of cooling towers. be a major protective mechanism in most tolerant plant species.
332 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES HERBICIDAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF SIMAZINE 333
There have been instances of the use of simazine treated water to In laboratory studies, it has been demonstrated that microorganisms
irrigate various plant species. These have involved use from bodies of are able to degrade chlorotriazines mainly via dealkylation. In aquatic
water to which simazine had been applied to control algae and/or vas- situations, the rate of decomposition of simazine by nonphoto-
cular weeds. synthetic microorganisms appears to be quite slow. This is suggested
Lembi at al. (9) concluded that irrigation water from a pond treated by the relatively slow rate of loss when no or little biomass is present
with a concentration of 0.65 ppm could be applied to turf, and orna- and once the photosynthetic plant mass in a treated body of water has
mentals without injury. The simazine treated water was applied at,a been markedly reduced.
rate of 1 inch per week over an 8 week period to bentgrass and blue- There is some degradation of simazine adsorbed to the hydrosol. A
grass turf varieties, to Grandiflora and Floribunda rose, aborvitae, portion of this degradation Is undoubtedly the result of microbial activ-
Global yew, forsythia, lilac and azalea without injury. ity. However, it appears that the rate of degradation in hydrosol is not
Flanagan at al. (2), employing simulated conditions at Vero Beach, appreciable as compared to some other means. The rate of hydrolysis
Florida, observed phototoxicity of simazine to cantaloupe, carrots, cu- is dependent primarily upon the pH of the water as related to the dis-
cumber, peppers, red beets, squash, sugarbeets, and wheat. Concen- sociation constant value of simazine. Hydrolysis is not a significant
trations of simazine ranging from 0.01-0.0.5 pm were applied in mechanism of degradation in the aquatic environment.
irrigation water every 2 weeks at a rate of 2 inches of water per irriga- Photodecomposition is another method by which simazine may be
tion. Injury became apparent after a few irrigations. degraded. However, available data suggest that under normal field or
Hiltibran and Turgeon (7) reported results of irrigation of turf with aquatic conditions, photolysis is of little importance in simazine dis-
simazine treated water both from a simulated and pond use condition. sipation. It has been observed that when chlorotriazines are irradiated
Severe injury resulted to bentgrass, but bluegrass was unaffected in water the major metabolites are hydroxy triazines, Pape and Zabik
when one inch of water was applied weekly for 8 weeks using concen- (14). Hydroxy triazines are basically inactive biologically.
trations of simazine determined from a dissipation curve of 0.5 ppm The environmental effects of simazine herbicide stress on micro-
simazine initially in natural water. There was less damage to bentgrass cosm algal communities during a successional sequence is of special
when irrigated with comparable volumes of water from a pond that interest. Such parameters as metabolism, chlorophyll a concentration,
contained 0.5 ppm simazine initially. pigment ratios, diversity and species dominance were monitored over
In order to determine the influence of the aquatic environment on time. Of interest was whether the communities would recover from var-
simazine-soil interactions, studies were conducted by CIBA-GEIGY re- ious concentrations of the herbicide, simazine, and, if so, by what
searchers (4) in three natural bodies of water wherein simazine was mechanisms. The effect of this herbicide on algal species is also of in-
applied at a concentration.of 0.5 ppm as a surface treatment. When terest since it is considered to have the potential for controlling
the water and hydrosol from a given body of water were sampled at the aquatic weeds and algae in static water conditions.
same time interval, low concentrations of simazine were detected in Biological communities are known to respond to stress in a variety
both. of ways. Dominant among the responses appear to be changes in
When simazine was applied to dry bottoms of drained ponds and the community structure and productivity relationships. In recent years,
ponds subsequently refilled, higher concentrations of simazine were particular emphasis has been placed upon examining the effects of
detected in the hydrosol than in water when samples were taken peri- various kinds of pollutants as stressing agents. A common pattern in
odically. With increasing intervals between application and sampling, aquatic communities appears to involve a change in community struc-
decreasing concentrations of simazine in the hydrosol were associ- ture as reflected by lowering of species diversity or a change in spe-
ated with increasing concentrations in water. cies dominance.
Mauck at al. (11) conducted a relatively thorough investigation of For a compilation on simazine toxicity to non-target aquatic organ-
simazine residue dynamics in five physically and biologically similar isms refer to Mauck (11). He reported no effect on survival or growth
ponds for more than two years after the herbicide had been applied at of either bluegills or invertebrates following two annual applications
four rates in early spring. They found the amount of simazine in the up to 3 ppm. Harman (5) observed that simazine applications of 0.5
pond mud to be directly related to application rate. Simazine concen- ppm in a lake had severely debilitating effects on sublittoral popula-
trations in the mud reached a plateau after about 30 to 45 days, then tions of the viviparus snail, Viviparus georgianus (Lea), killing imma-
declined in all ponds. ture individuals.
VEGETATION MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES HERBICIDAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF SIMAZINE 335
Ponds used for intensive culture of channel catfish (Ictalurus dues in the skin of fish reached the highest level at 8 days after expo-
nctatus L.)often develop dense phytoplankton blooms as a result of sure and continued to decrease thereafter.
dations of nutrients from supplemental feeding (15). These blooms, Mayer and Sanders(12)reported that simazine was accumulated by
cially if blue-green algae predominate, have been implicated in a fish up to 55 times that in their exposure water. They further reported
)number of water quality related problems the most severe of which is that no simazine residues were found after the fish had been in uncon-
Jhe risk of oxygen depletion. One potential way to reduce phytoplank- taminated water for three days.
to
density and prevent related water quality problems is the use of The Environmental Protection Agency has established tolerances
herbicides. Two powerful algicides, copper sulfate and simazine, are for residues of simazine in fish of 12 ppm. Correspondingly, a toler-
currently registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for ance of 0.01 ppm was established in potable water.
ase with food fish (12). However, treatment of channel catfish Researchers at CIBA-GEIGY Corporation (4) have studied the me-
(Ictalurus punctatus) production ponds with biweekly applications of tabolism of ring labeled simazine in bluegills and catfish. When water
0.84 kg/hectare copper sulfate was ineffective in reducing phyto- was treated at 2.5 ppm bluegill accumulated five times the water con-
plankton density. Three periodic applications of simazine totaling 1.3 centration and caffish twice the water concentration as total 1'C resi-
mg/liter drastically reduced phytoplankton density. But extended peri- dues in muscle tissue after a 28-day exposure. Bluegills were found to
ods of low dissolved oxygen concentrations following simazine appli- metabolize simazine much faster and more intensively than catfish.
cations resulted in decreased fish yields and poor conversion ratios as Both fish degrade simazine in a similar manner primarily be dealkyla-
compared to control ponds. tion of side chains with some hydrolysis of the chlorine atom to hy-
droxy analogs. Further metabolism to complex water soluble products
and insolubles occurs with longer exposure. Placement of fish into un-
HEALTH EFFECTS treated water for seven days results in a rapid depletion of all extracta-
ble non-polar radioactivity, including simazine and its dealkylated
metabolite. Uptake of simazine by fish in a treated pond would be ex-
Mauck at at. (12) studied the extent of uptake and accumulation of pected to be much less than was found in a laboratory study because
simazine in aquatic invertebrates, mainly dragonfly nymphs, midge lar- of the presence of soil in these aquatic environments.
vae and mayflies.The simazine residues in these benthic invertebrates As a result of failure to observe mortality to mollusks in laboratory
were directly proportional to the rates applied, but usually far ex- studies at simazine concentrations several times greater than that at
ceeded those in water for about the first 100 to 200 days after treat- which mortality occurred in the lake study, he theorized that synergis-
ment, depending on the year. Simazine residues then decreased tic reactions with substrate or dying algal cells were responsible for
sharply with no evidence of bioaccumulation. Simazine treatments or the mortality of benthos observed.
residues appeared to have no adverse effects on survival or growth of Mayer and Sanders (12) evaluated the effects of continuous
either fish or invertebrates. simazine exposures on daphnid reproduction, midge emergence and
Lawrence at al. (8), using radioactive carbon, found that simazine growth, reproduction and survival of fathead minnows using flow-
accumulated in the viscera and in the fleshy portion of the body of through diluter systems and on fathead minnows using simulated use-
bluegill. He further observed that if fish from water treated with pattern exposure. No adverse effects on daphnid reproduction were
simazine containing radioactive carbon were placed in simazine free observed at simazine concentrations of 3 mg/l. Midge emergence was
water the carbon was practically eliminated in 4 weeks. temporarily delayed at 0.66 and 2.2 mg/i simazine exposures. Egg
Rodgers(15)observed that bluegill exposed to simazine in the labo- hatch and fry growth of fathead minnow were reduced in continuous
ratory absorbed it in amounts proportional to its concentration in the simazine exposures of 1.7 mg/I. No adverse effect was found with
ambient water. Most of the simazine was found in the viscera, and it simazine in the use-pattern exposure.
disappeared after the fish had been in fresh water for 3 days.
Thomas(20)followed residues of simazine over a 30-day period in a
simazine treated pond. He found that residues in both the viscera and SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
meat followed the same dissipation pattern in bullhead, bluegill,
greensuntish, pumpkinseed sunfish and goldfish. The residues were No direct effect of simazine on fish has been confirmed when use-
highest on the first day of exposure and continued to decline. Resi- pattern exposure was employed for control of aquatic olants. There
have been indirect effects due primarily to depletion of dissolved oxy-
gen associated with death and decay of aquatic plant life. Species of 10. MaW.L. 1974. A review of the literature on the use of simazine
fish with high oxygen demands(e.g. trout and bass)are more susce P- Service-U.S. Deto fisheries. N De PB-235 455. National Technical Information
Dept.
of Commerce. 46 pp.
atfish).tfi to this condition than those with tow oxygen demands (e.g.
c 11. Mauck, W.L., F.L. Mayer, Jr., and D.D. Holz. 1976. Simazine resi-
due dynamics in small ponds. Bull. Env. Cont. & Tox. 16(1):1.8
To reduce the incidence of oxygen depletion to critical levels in 12. Mayer F.L. and H.D. Sanders. 1977. Simazine effects on noncar et
ponds when using simazine, applications are suggested prior to the i
buildup of heavy populations of algae, before submersed weeds reach aquatic organisms. n preliminary report, 30th Annual Meeting
Southern Weed Science Society.
the surface of the ponds, and before water temperatures exceed 75°F. 13. Norton, J. and J. Ellis. 1976. Management of aquatic vegetation
In the event dissolved oxygen in water approaches critical levels as with simazine. Proc. Southern Weed Science Soc. 29:359-364.
evidenced by the behavior of fish, there are corrective actions that 14. Pape, B.E. and M.J. Zabik. 1970. Photochemistry of selected 2-
may be taken. These include introducing compressed air, adding ade- chloro- and 2-methylthio-4,6-di(atkytamino)-s-triazine herbicides.
quately aerated water from another source, recycling water from the J. Agr. Food Chem. 18(2):202-207.
affected area and aerating it during the process, and churning the af- i 15. Rodgers, C.A..1970. Uptake and elimination of simazine by green-
fected water to induce aeration. sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus Raf.) Weed Sci. 18:134.
16. Runke, H.M. 1975. Algicidal and algastatic effects of the herbicide
simazine on freshwater phytoplankton. M.S. Thesis. Utah State
REFERENCES Univ., Logan, Utah.
17. Seaman, D.E. and J.D. Baldia. 1968. Translocation of solutes in
1. Blackburn, R.D. and J.B. Taylor. 1976. A uazine'"A promising al- three species of Myriophyllum. WSSA Abstracts p. 59.
y q P 9 18. Sutton, D.L., D.A. Durham, S.W. Bingham, and C.L. Foy. 1969. In-
gacide for use in southeastern waters. Proc. Soc. Weed Sci. Soc. fluence of simazine on apparent photosynthesis of aquatic plants
29:365-373. and herbicide residue removal from water. Weed Science 17:56.
2. Flanagan, J.H., J. Hensley, and N.T. Helseth. 1977. Unpublished 19. Sutton, D.L. and S.W. Bingham. 1968. Translocation 9 a slocation afferns of
data. CIBA-GEtGY Research Station, Vero Beach, Florida. P
simazine in Potamogeton crispus L. Proc. NEWCC 22:357-361.
3. Funderburk, H.H., Jr. and J. M. Lawrence. 1963. Absorption and 20. Thomas, R.E. 1967. Simazine treatment of Ravenna Lake for con-
translocation of radioactive herbicides in submersed and emersed
tr of of aquatic ion. Nebraska Game, Forestation, and Fish
aquatic weeds. Weed Res. 3:304-311.
Commission, Julyly 1 1,, 1967. 9 p.
4. Gunther, F.A. (Editor). 1970. The Triazine Herbicides. Residue Re-
views 32.
5. Harman, W.M. 1977. The effects of simazine treatments on the
benthic fauna of Moriane Lake, Madison County, New York. Pro-
ceedings - NEWSS. 31:122-137.
6. Hawxby, K. and R.Mehta. 1978.Sorption of four herbicides by var-
ious algae. Proc. SWSS 31:235.
7. Hiltibran, R.C. and A.J. Turgeon. 1975. Turfgrass response to
some herbicides and metals in irrigation water. Proc. North Cen-
tral Weed Control Conference. Vol. 30, pp. 174.
8. Lawrence, J.M., P.G. Beasley, and R.B. Jones. 1963. Chemical
control of weeds in ponds, herbicides on submersed aquatic
weeds, and determination of their residues. Annual Report, Au-
burn University, Alabama.
9. Lembi, Carole A., M.R. Mueller and T. Hippensteel. 1975. Plant re-
sponses to irrigation water from a simazine-treated pond. Proc.
North Central Weed Control Conference. Vol. 30, pp. 174.
- -- I mgL111 LFFECTS OF SIMAZINE 339
Table 1. Nomenclature, Chemical and Physical Properties' "'"'
1 Table 2. Compilation of Weeds Controlled by Slmazine;
1. Common Name:simazine (ANSI a
2. Trade Name:Princep 80W, princep TM 4L, Pr n ep G-27692
G, Aquazine°
Chemical name: 2-Chloro-4,6-bis(ethlylamino}s-triazine
and Princep Caliber "90.
3. Chemical Name: 2-chloro-r,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine
4. Structural Formu/a: CI I Trade names: Aquazine°, Princep"
N N Available alone as 0.1 to 0.6% liquids(L); 0.167 to 2.0%granules in fer-
H,C,-NH N NH-C,H, I tilizer and as 4.0% to 90.0%granules(G); 1.0 and 41.9%liquid concen-
5. Molecular Formula: C,H„CIN, trates (LC); 5.0% and 80
impregnated tapes, .0% wettable
6. Molecular Weight:201.7 (WP). powder
7. Co/or and Physical State: White, crystalline powder.
8. Melting Point:225-227°. Weeds Controlled
9. Vapor Pressure:
Temperature° C Simazine will control most annual broadleaf weeds and grasses and
10 92x mmHg
many perennials, including:
20 6.1 x 10° alyssum
30 amaranthus Allssum spp.
50 3.6x 10 Amaranthus spp.
9.0x10 bassia, fivehook Bassia hyssopifolia
10. Solubility: barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli
SolventTebluegrass (annual)
Chloroform 20 mperature° C pprrny brachiaria Poa annus
900.0 Brachiaria spp.
Methanol 20 400.0 bromegrass, downy Bromus secalinus
n-pentane 25bromegrass, smooth
Petroleum ether 3.0 burclover Bromus inermis
Water 200 2.0 burdock Medicago spp.
Actium spp.
Water 20 2.5 i chickweed, Mollugo verticillata
Water 85 3.5 chickweed, common Stellaria media
84.0 chickweed, mouseear
From: Herbicide Handbook, Weed Science Society of America, Urbana, Illi- cockle, white (seedlings) Cerastium vulgatum
nois, t9. crabgrass 9 ) LYchnis alba
dandelion (seedlingDigitaria spp.
s)
dogfennel Taraxicum spp.
fescue, rattail Eupatonum cepillifolium
fiddleneck Festuca myuros
filaree Amsinchia spp.
fireweed Erodium spp.
foxtail Epilobium angustifolium
goosegrass Setaria spp.
groundsel Eleusine indica
knawel Senecio spp.
kochia Scleranthus annuus
lambsquarters, common Kochia scoparia
lettuce, prickly LactuChenopodium album
iola
morningglory, annual IPOmO a serrpomoea spp. �
-d�
i Table 2. Compilation of Weeds Controlled by Simazine. (cont.)
f
mustard 1; _ Brassica spp.
nightshade Solanum spp.
nimblewill (wiregrass) Muhlenbergia schreberi
I6 oats, wild
t, Avena fatua
{I
orchardgrass!
penycress, field (fanweed) Dactylis glomerataThalaspi arvense
fl pepperweed (peppergrass) Le
pidium spp.
pig-weed Amaranthus spp.
pineappleweed
Matricaria matricicariodes
plantain Plantago spp.
puncturevine Tribulus terrestris
puraletop (Tall Red-top) Tridens flava
purslane Portulaca oleracea
pusley, Florida Richardia scabra CH
j quackgrass
rag%veed Agropyron repens
Ambrosia spp. Intr,
redtop Agrostis alba Her
rocket, yellow Barbarea vulgaris Env
rockpurslane, redmaids Calandrina caulescens var. Hes
menziesii Surr
€ ryeerass (Italian) Lolium multiflorum Ref
shepherdspurse (seedlings) Capsella bursa-pastoris
silvc,r hairgrass Aira caryophyllea
smartweed Polygonum
pp
sowNstle Sonch sPp
spanishneedles Bidens bipinnata
speedwell Veronica spp.
strangler vine Morrenia oderata
tansymustard Descurainia pinnata
tassleflower, red Emilia sonchifolia
thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare
thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense
thistle, Russian Salsola kali var. tenuifolia
witchgrass Panicum capillare
USDA Compilation of Registered uses of Herbicides, June 17, 1980.
`s�uN coy
,z Conservation Commission
Sulrm. Massachusetts 01970
W
FJ�
'Ass�N�y
CITY OF SALEM
CONSERVATION COMMISSION
REQUEST FOR DETERMINATION OF APPLICABILITY
The Salem Conservation Commission will hear a Request for a
Determination of Applicability, under the Wetlands Protection Act ,
Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 131 , Section 40, at the request
of the City of Salem. The proposed work, located at Greenlawn
Cemetery, consists of chemical (algicide) treatment of nuisance
microscopic and filamentous algae at Sargent Pond located in
Greenlawn Cemetery. The Request willbe heard on Thursday, June
25 , 1992 at 7 : 00 p.m. , One Salem Green, second floor conference
room.
' '" r��1040f—
Chair Horne
Chair
June 11 , 1992
EX\DH\RDAGREEN
dity Hall Aype�.,, Salem, Mass. on ��/ 0G 2
at 1 X,� in aoaordanoe lth Allay. i>«
of Us As*$ of 1960.
June 1, 1992 Qadw 9VM
Ms. Debbie Hurlbert i A 4 1992
Conservation Commission �p1 N.; I_el �t� F' '�^
Town Offices
Salem,MA 01970 �°
Dear Ms. Hurlbert:
Enclosed is a check for $52.00 for the legal notice to advertise the meeting
concerning Sargent Pond (Greenlawn Cemetery). Mr. Rennard will be
forwarding the Request for Determination for Applicability to you.
I understand that we will be put on the agenda for the June 25th meeting of
the Conservation Commission. Please send us confirmation of this.
If you have any questions, please contact us.
Sincerely,
AQUATIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGY,INC.
Dorothy A. Hallee
Aquatic Biologist
Aquatic Control Technology, Inc. • 6 Maple Street • P.O. Box 742 • Northborough • MA 01532 • (508)393-8846
457 Main Street • Suite 4C . Danbury • CT 06811
I
JOB NO':
5 "G' 3,r3=;> 0 9.: 7a2 • North Oor ct
_� yua : 508-xv-6845 FAX : 508.393-6647
Nt-MSCI 00 PAGES
A M
Py (In,;iuCin9 Dover tert
NQ's:t?gdu CIQ nOf "U"Or i� /g m#ie 9.gWU0410 OW14,=i lNe retifyin f humiftf(IM40w).
I — v.uC
•�--
I i svarecr
IAA"a
'/emrrry4
AA
FRM
eeL
I
'I
Late 11*90%wlm
July 1, 1992
Debra A. L. 1-lurlburt
Planaing Assistant
One Salem, Greer
Salem, MA 01970
Dear Nis, Hurlburt;
J"Or request of the Salm voneem=ae on Commission we are here by notifying
you of the chemiCa,l treatment filamentous algae at Greenlawn
Cexnete > to tabs: ;dace on 7--1-92, AIsa inclosed is a copy of mr DEP, DWPC
licence (pern^it; *o apply hen�.l;alt. y u have any questions please feel
free to call.
i
I
I
Sincerely,
AQUATIC, COMMIX TCH—KOLI CK"rY; INC.
l ���� f I
'Al
N. Smith
Aquatic Biologiet/President
cc: Richard Rennard
I
it
Aquatic ConGa1 Taohnolom, enc. • ti n+ r5 t r•0. Sox 742 . Northborough . MA 01532 • (508)393.8846
457 Main Straet °u;te AC • Danbury • C?06811
Comm''-wrlw9,�ottt�; Ot R�O� CCML;seM
EXeC!u a Off IsjCe of ErWOflff erfOi Affairs
Dapartment of
E- vi tai Protection
54Niiawn F, Weld
FSantse S,Gre"wim
C
LT.C=4V To "PLY C22MICALs
V-3ir ConTROL, O wal cM Agtf.STIC VzotTATION
Rpplieant; TIDW 4P" SiALM C1Ei mztx MPT
1 $AT %SIMM
BALAW
909-377-5931 RZORAMD
Licanme No. : 4VA992065
Date of applicationw 06/92!41
Data of Issuance# 06/09!91
/Dams of Laka: SARGINT porn
Lacation of LAXE 1 dALog
AUTHORITY fOR 198VANCI
Pursuant to the authcrity gvaetaBP to the Departrseut of Environmental
Protection, by Mssachuaattr 0.14.0. 1111, 038, the following license
is herrby,
iaeuer5 to Di$rt.fl S. VrTlt 4 GtDZVl°, 4NATIC Com& fii6 WOL00%, M.
thareiaaftar 0.111w4 tha �!Lftnf%v*), WthnrSsiug the agpiicat_on of chemicals ,
fox th* eaatrel Of ftUtriaD €, &IC&e or aquatic plsute to dARGMMfi POND, 9ALM
such audhcriaatior. stieiraq a reaa?.y jordiiional on compliance by the licenser
'with w11 turee and conditions of the linsRae b&reinafter set forth. This
license Ohsll Dec= atf+4ti�v as V3q date of the Director,s ,sigaature and
shall srpire dine Atha fry tha =iw--a of iisuaaes.
_ v 40
atxis® !Y, ftamhoe, air"tor - — Date
Division of Water Polleti*u ddhtroi
Department of Vnvironasnt.el Psctogtion
1'i (st714ssdl09
I
ranuPacturam' s l aql. ditsc .i.O•s, axir,eing ,attic ids use laws, and any
conditions Ln;O$,%d by other :oc€l ct Maes aganciaa .
. Crexicai tx<_- tMerta shall Only he performed by an Applicator cutrontly
licsnasd by the Maasach"- ut4a Dspa-rtmedt of rood and agriculture 8estioida
bureau in the aq°yat'ic w6ed ceta:iory.
a. laaaarca cf this- liaansA slaw cot telsase the 11censoo from liability
r6oulLiag exom the -as of o�t�ica .- as from negligent or x®ckless applioatia:t
cf chafe.. i spocifisd in sant4vt Z.A. <f thii licanse,
I
II,
a. Aooiicntepn Csatlltiratss
OR VOLV _ AlIPWCATYON TVATHZNT DAT3
RATt/ACRS ACRLB
COPPta4 S4`Lr•ATI 12.00 t." 4.80 L&A 8.00 06/19/92
COPPSK MrfiTS 12.00 Lobi .x.40 1" 3.00 07/13/92
COPPAX,, 1AYA.:P9 i3.00 "ie 2.40 ;ee 9.00 08/13/92
ra. AbPllaaf iosa &*12OYt
° ithi,r 'cu_tWftn ( 14; dtiy of '' !Its .7t rreatce,it: th* licensee shall
Et tmdt & wriLtall rtport to the a#V trtC'ent ct"Ifyin§ ilio trsatatent date,
sppllcntien rar--a, ;nd :.`"4 tutu aye g4i�'y'_d5:# fcr Aim!, chswiae1 llaed in the
in At_-OrdEf:4# with r+.,Vir*nOntk of Pe.^ion I .A. of tnis license.
C. fto- •i f,iaaeioo of AoyxiTatlgu COA6ic1oia
The '_iC40004 *ht ! nC: A;Ply chonli OAlt i<{ t itaAriiet cru+rtr xy tie+ or
incoijivtent with; the . pil i n czhdlr'oc.r sst forth in 6tution S.A. of
,1e liC .t withcut eh# pti r rit tic. A a•rgvaj of t2S6 wQsrt Yan`6.
17. o ar anycI&l Tres xsb't, r.anait
T'ne licersoe ah&11 a§ida by the tallcr;aS €psoitl eondit9.ons for this
aCHYRAL ea 2 pTT:! x3
The Neons#n i3 mr ty rct4 'ioo t,;et Chat±i.'.al trastawnts to control
aduatio nuiaat%ca+ in ryubj,4C Ot .ki'+eAe 16.a " OL:Ad rOA46 of the Cu nwealth
invol++a the alt*:ation r,f rtkvjtca Orme ;;rotrchs,i under both
xamtachuaat.'_s is", AO, aha �'-zr-lki&dn Aro€ei ticu Act tad 110 CXR 10.00,
M4§Y&chuEetty watlstde Prw;.sotion R '• 1.4ttiQaa.
4. The 11**raos is tsrs4y =c , !_ad thft, issu.ueo�s of %hie Branae does not in
any keay eanstit,:ta. Obs P t-+dt',+- 's ash,3v-4l 42 t.hn oaaisiesl t.:®atagnt as it
ralctsa to thw Qrovi£.ions of tra wscWds ,W.Ot6jt161 ret.
� . .n* lLotn*vt snslj arbta.'n a�atnmZ7 s fi.nrj e.ldtt of ^ondit®o41s or a na®atives
Rstgftft .taticn a1 tronr the AjAr.4 C<assz+atiop 4seis44 ,prior to
iPpllcati'*n tf ci.arsi 6li.y &t:t`'€Ei?i7xd tsndar nh:.i lieance.
n+ gi,'B� .1.at3 -:t 4A of t=yg WM # -M P..'lAd rt144-. L" Po4ted 'with 8.1 ps vdraing the.
janaral puklia o2 "iy vat%r eat a#ato9 0;, the oh teal Wol for
a Mihi uth of ens Weak. V%i* is LaPortsrst eY +lashing beaches and
Other areas of >W-Vit+ . =ncs +, t -raj sig.4 shall e'csa..rly state .hat the
4hemLi*ai trsatm*nt to b+v14,; uanduate-' p4:za•a:ena to I lin&ism 3.eea4aQ by the
t4kpp.r't-4nat as Z'n Pirop,!w'til Drn say^e!' .LZIr.`
%. Tha Depart-rant may ra*;t.+.re the Catsa t_mgiioAtion of chemicals
to A body of water at any tuts leleawir.-, t3.r lsuua°aro of a licanss it the
us arttiant datory-1nos the: tha zbontza :-st+a artn will be ineffective, or will
rei_lwla in s ao,<aa :sstricttaq.a of e.«:tar.: wauiar uses, or vkll produce
n asaaso.-y adverse side sefsota 06 %Ont:c8st flora or fe"a.
P. Chemical applications shsll ba p*rfQrr,&d La Y,caold&4Oa with tbo
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
Department of
Environmental Protection RECEI!/EC
William F. Weld A��
Governor FI 2 ��
Daniel S.Greenbaum 3
Commissioner
7GM P''4"b"ho Dept.
April 1, 1993
Debbie Hurlburt
Salem Planning Department
1 Salem Green
Salem, MA 01970
Dear Ms. Hurlburt:
As per your request to Rick McVoy for information pertaining to the
use of the herbicide Simazine, I am enclosing two sections of the
document titled Aquatic Plant Identification and Use Guide
published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Pages 40 & 41
concern the application specifications of Simazine. Pages 78 - 80
address the fate of Simazine subsequent to its application to the
aquatic environment.
Should you have any further questions, please feel free to call me
at (617) 292-5781.
+Sinc,reyeCesare
Aquatic Biologist
Enclosures
. cc: R. Isaac
R. McVoy
One Winter Street 9 Boston,Massachusetts 02108 0 FAX(617)556-1049 9 Telephone(617)292-5500
}
found in the literature. A negligible vapor pressure supports the nonvolatile
nature of glyphosate, and the tendency of glyphosate to transfer from water to
the atmosphere would be negligible ( H not calculable) (WSSA 1983, Brandt
1984) . Glyphosate does not contain photolyzable or hydrolyzable groups and is
not expected to degrade by either route (WSSA 1983) .
Biodegradation is considered the major fate process affecting glyphosate
persistence in aquatic environments (WSSA 1983, Brandt 1984) . Glyphosate is
biodegraded both aerobically and anaerobically by microorganisms present in
soil, water, and sediment. The average soil half-life is 60 days (WSSA 1983,
Brandt 1984) , and 90 percent of applied glyphosate is degraded within 6 months
after treatment. In aquatic situations, a minimum half-life of 2 weeks has
been observed. Longer half-lives (7 to 10 weeks) have been observed in non-
flowing natural water systems. The QSAR estimates for aqueous biodegradation
half-lives range from 2 to 15 days (Hunter et al. 1984) . Glyphosate applied
to two Finnish agricultural fields persisted 69 to 127 days (Muller et al.
1981) . Soil organic carbon content was 44 and 1.5 percent, respectively.
Loss was attributed mainly to microbial breakdown. An 8- to 19-week persis-
tence was observed in a review of glyphosate environmental fate (Ghassemi,
Quinlivan, and Dellarco 1982) .
Simazine
Simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) is a broad spectrum
herbicide (Table 11) . This herbicide was the first widely used triazine and
'is registered for use in ponds with little or no outflow (Klingman, Aston, and
Noordhoff 1975) . Simazine-treated water may not be used for irrigation, stock
watering, and/or domestic purposes for 12 months_after treatment. However,
fishing and swimming are permitted immediately after treatment (Ciba-Geigy) .
Simazine is soluble in water at 3.5 mg/i (WSSA 1983) and has a calculated _
Kow equal to 323.6 (Hunter et al. 1984) . A calculated Koc of 501 (Hunter
et al. 1984) indicates that simazine may sorb to sediments. Glotfelty et al.
3
(1984) also note a Koc of 284 in Chesapeake Bay sediments. The Kp values
for simazine residues in four Missouri ponds ranged from <0.17 to 1.4 (Mauck,
Mayer, and Holz 1976) . Simazine usually bioconcentrates by a factor of 1 or
less (Mauck, Mayer and Holz 1976) . However, BCF values up to 55 in fish have g
been measured (Ciba-Geigy) , and a BCF of 38 has been calculated by the _E
A q:
78 -.4
I
Table 12
Structure and Environmental Properties of Simazine*
Structure or Property Value
CI
Structure N;� N f
C2HSNH_\ �"LNHC2H5
N
Water solubility (mg/2) 3.5
r
K
324
ow
K
284-501
oc
BCF
<1-55
H (atm m3 10
/mol) 9.2 x 10
f '
Photolysis half-life, days Insignificant
1
i
is
Hydrolysis half-life, days Insignificant
I �
Biodegradation half-life, days 30-176 (based on I.
overall half-life) � I
ri
�I
* Specific references and ranges are found in the text.
79
Y
regression equation presented in Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979) . Biocon- I-
centration factors of 5 and 2 were measured after 28-day exposures in bluegill
and catfish, respectively (Ciba-Geigy) .
An H value of 3.2 x 10 10 atm m3/mol indicates that volatilization of
simazine from water would be insignificant. Hydrolysis and photodecomposition
are not significant simazine degradation processes (WSSA 1983) . Gunther and
Gunther (1970) reported a 0.013-percent loss of simazine per hour attributed
to .photolysis; however, this process would not be a significant fate process
affecting simazine persistence.
Biotransformation is a significant process affecting simazine persistence
in aquatic environments (WSSA 1983) . No simazine biotransformation-
biodegradation studies were found in the literature. However, simazine half-
lives in four Missouri ponds calculated from the data presented in Mauck, e.
Mayer, and Holz (1976) ranged from 46 to 174 days. Comparable half-lives were
calculated from a study by Tucker and Boyd (1981) in which pond water and sed-
iment from a southern pond were placed in 250-m1 flasks, and simazine persis-
tence was studied. According to WSSA (1983) , simazine persistence in aquatic
systems is dependent upon numerous factors such as algal and macrophyte infes-
tation levels. The average aqueous simazine half-life in ponds is 30 days.
L
g
y _
. =L
80
i�
Simazine
A. Chemical Name and Formulation:
Chemical name: 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine _
Formulation: AQUAZINE (802 ai, simazine, wettable powder)
B. Mode of Action:
• Relatively selective, systemic herbicide with species-specific trans-
location properties.
• Primary action is by blockage of photosynthesis (electron transport _
pathways) , but rapid action implies other phytotoxic effects,
including increased photooxidation through pigment destruction
reactions.
• Uptake results in rapid foliar chlorosis followed by necrosis and
destruction of all cellular tissues and organelles.
• Low concentrations cause leaf greening and stimulate growth.
C. Application: Using water as the carrier, apply wettable powder as paste
or slurry to surface of water at several points from shoreline, or spray
dilute slurry suspension over surface of pond. Conventional spray
equipment can be used.
D. Timing of Application: Early spring applications are best, i.e. , after
emergence and before heavy plant growth occurs. Application before
water temperature exceeds 24° C (75° F) allows for slower vegetation
decay and decreased oxygen stress on aquatic organisms.
E. _Application Rates:
• Submersed and floating vegetation:
1. 16 to 2.33 kg/ha (3.4 to 6.8 lb/acre-ft)
[(0.92 to 1.85 kg ai/ha) (2.7 to 5.4 lb ai/acre-ft) ] ,
giving concentration of 1 to 2 ppm. For watermeal control, split
application and apply half 3 to 4 weeks after first treatment. Use
higher rate for heavy infestations. For fanwort, use:
2.91 kg/hm (8.5 lb/acre ft) [(2.33 kg ai/ha) (6.8 lb ai/acre-ft)] .
• Sensitive algae are usually controlled at doses half those for 1
aquatic macrophytes. _
F. Maximum Water Concentration: None specified; should not exceed maximum
reco d application of 2.5 mg ai/R.
G. se Restriction a
• a er from treated ponds may not be used for irrigation, spraying {
of nontarget vegetation, watering of domestic animals, or for human Z
< a--�
J ¢ ? rconsum^__iGn unt-ii-12 months foilnwin�g--tr7eatme_nt.
• Fish fiom treated ponds may be used for human consumption.
• Treated ponds may be used immediately for swimming.
H. Waiting Period:
• Control of submersed plants, except coontail, occurs in 4 to 6 weeks;
coontail, in 10 weeks.
• Control of duckweeds occurs in 1 to 5 weeks; watermeal, in 5 to
9 weeks.
• Most algae are controlled within 1 week; bluegreen algae are most
rapidly controlled.
I. Toxicological Data: (Technical material, 98.12, except as stated.)
40
Exposure Acute Toxicity
d LC , mg/R
P
S ecies Conditions Period, hr 50
Rainbow trout Static, 12" C 96 >100 "?
Fathead minnow Static, 25° C 96 6.4 - >100 .;
Bluegill sunfish Static 96 16.0 a
Bluegill sunfish Static, 24° C 96 90 - 110*
Amphipod (Ga7=arus fasciatus) Static, 15° C 96 >100
Cladoceran (Daphnia magna) Static, 21° C 48 0.56 - 2.2**
* Wettable powder, 807.
** EC50 values. j
i
J. Precautions:
• Do not treat ponds with bordering trees having roots that extend into
water; do not spray or spill herbicide on desirable vegetation.
• Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing; wear gloves and
long-sleeved shirts and pants. Wash thoroughly after handling and
before eating. Use dust aspirator and goggles if inhalation and
eye contact with powder is likely.
• Clean equipment with water and discard into treated water; do not use
water for irrigation or domestic use within a 12-month period.
• Avoid storage of herbicide at high temperature or in moist areas;
normal shelf life is more than 5 years.
K. Field Instructions:
• Approved for farm and.recreational ponds, including those containing
edible fish.
• Do not use herbicide for spot treatments, due to its slow rate of
action.
• Although formulation can be applied as a powder, it is best to use as
a slurry or spray by mixing with water over the water surface.
L. Adjuvant Use: None.
M. Application Techniques: Mix convenient quantity of wettable powder (e.g. ,
2.26 to 4.5 kg (5 to 10 lb)) with water to form thin paste or slurry.
Pastes can be applied to several evenly spaced locations along pond
shoreline, or uniformly applied as a dilute slurry over pond surface
with spray equipment.
N. Antidote Information:
Internal: If large dose is ingested, induce vomiting by placing
finger at back of throat; due to its low oral toxicity, special
action is not required if insignificant quantities are ingested.
Call a physician immediately if a large dose is ingested.
External:
• Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; get medical
. attention if irritation persists.
• Wash exposed skin surfaces vigorously with soap and water.
• If inhaled, move to fresh air; give artificial respiration if needed.
• Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
41
I
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JOB NO
c
VAPieS?r,M- P^ 2 742 •tvoMA Ci S �
PHONE . 508-393-8846 FAX 508-353-8647
NUMBER OF PAGES
pATw ,,.j ....�„ ,--- TIME 'Z A 'A, 2' % V .Inci,,aing Cover Latter}
NZTE:If yow 09 rot?W91vo a of Ow p4au cr a 1 4;,%tdo'. r'ca®i crit 04 Wi All nums;r (4414w).
CO ' A41E 41ME
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REMARKS
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For Sorgeni Pore) sied . FI
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7i0 CSA DEP4q YwEt�Y CF fh,lAQt<l.IE41 �t P�QYECIIUN
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CarRRlar,Mr98iln Grt 'ems: S a 1'e 01
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crnasa,ch ssttc 409'c.n, Tota; of Salem
ACto 02.L. C. 13119140
1 i. the uncerzignto, h,sr@by rr1413tA MAt tnz
Conservstloh y.a7flitlrpiglCT tttaX0 ICeirirtNln6ii9n as to
anethr the aea Igcoa a@rC i 8 . , 0o stBQC us10 W, or wOtk IC
1CAAi _, Ia-, 4aVl@ea
JBiow/. IS 4ub)ett to th$ ltarijoicilon 01 the W etian.09
Z. The area 18 o09Gfl@*0 !? 'olft3 tea• fU30 r Z0.1 or Dlanx., 11 naC:9$2ahj, tC Srovioe d QQScflobon ano the
OCatlon 3f tna ;gala 9UUtAC110 th!* reQus€t)
LoCv8tl4h. �'Sre><!t !?G�ifeS6 ' r a r.
Lata n Gr en law r. Cemeter
Lot NufPlbQr' N _
3 i he cork !n via:m�r r8 0�4cneeF belOv+. ('oaf 20tt:3hE1t paGbr, it nYGet; 'r
8e / 10 Qoscnoa the
CtCooia®
-The proposed work .conc_ iats cf Chemical (algacide ) treatment of
nuisance microscopic and filnme ntoua algae at Sargent Pogd located in
Greenlawn Cemetery .
-Sargent Pond is at, approximately
of about 4 ' acre waterbody with a' maximum depth
and art ave-_ age depth Of : t
-The final area of treatment will by based upon the except of the
algae cover and the :reed for tren.t�nnet . A maximum of three chemical
applications in 1992 are proposed .
-The USEPA/State registered algacide , Copper Sulfate , will be applied .
-Alt work would be performed by a Sa'ate licenscdicertifie'd applicator ,
Aquatic Control Technology , Inc . of Northborough .
-A permit ( License to Apply Chem:c=1 < ) will be filed with MA, DEP ,
Division of 'Mater Folia io't Control , and a copy of the approved DEP
permit will be pravided to the Ca7mission prior
cork , to the atprt of the
no 04 - 2601 15
j
I10 CMA, DEPAA1MENT L;F ..Nv ;I ti ON KIEN r A t, PRJ1ELTiuH II
10.98: Cartt,nued
-We understand the Torn of Salem owns the entire pond bottom and
shoreline . The potential for off site impacts resultingitrom the pond
trpacrnent: S ( S ) as ptOPOA<d , are ni , .
4 Tne Omnerl at OP trio ern14 it not viv r nr� rr, A'ri fnt8 r£CUaAI, 1`148 been 0,ven watt@n nO iliCDtiOn Ot tniS
requelt On ®June i , ? 992__,__ _!0a1e1
Trw naronetst ,trio asats"taa! :t tins ewnst!st
Town of Salam
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5 ! nava Pil.q a gomcia±e c0ay yt tilts rs,50_;0Ai with:rn#uffo&rtate reg,ona;office ut trim Ma$ I"cMusetts
0408ttMent of Envlror�Ranisi PrOtq ttq ; f 9 !t��, rh;
DEP Noetli A.tl jai QtfjCV DEP Sautnesbt Ratttanel office
5 Carrillonwmaltn Avenue LarteAle Hospital
Woburn, MA 01805 Route 105
Lsagviila, FAA 02347
DEP Genital Raeloft aO icg
75 Grove Street DEP ftotorn Regional Office
VOforcestar, MA 0.605 SLIM HOu" West 4th Floot
430 Dr+t 3treea
&pnn0f4id, MA 01103
8. I unauraUn0 Militnatift.1jUpn oilnitz reCu=-Zt will r.glaey0ln a jrcal newspaper at my expense to Accor.
Cance wim section 10.0 3)!Oj t at vis r@Quiallor+&9y trier COA2.ePvasion Commission and mat! Will fag
billed eccor0ingly.
Signature Noma ..a .
Ametery Manage:
AaOrsaa_i_ isM rrtavP, ^vfl f 2 T91 i ;nsl ?17-SRa_4_.
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