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26 HERSEY STREET - BUILDING INSPECTION j 26 HERSEY STREET Certificate No: 187-07 Building Permit No.: 187-07 Commonwealth of Massachusetts City of Salem Building Electrical Mechanical Permits This is to Certify that the BUSINESS - located at Dwelling Type 0026 HERSEY STREETin the CITY OF SALEM ---------------- - - ------------------------------------------------- Address Town/City Name IS HEREBY GRANTED A PERMANENT CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY 26 HERSEY STREET UNIT 1 This permit is granted in conformity with the Statutes and ordinances relating thereto, and expires - ----- __ __ _ _ unless sooner suspended or revoked. - Expiration Date ------ --- -- ----a Issued On: Thu Jan 11,2007 ----------------- -------- - ------------- - ---------------- �- GeoTMS®2007 Des Lauriers Municipal Solutions,Inc. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - CITY OF SALEM BUILDING PERMIT Certificate No: 187-07 Building Permit No.: 187-07 Commonwealth of Massachusetts City of Salem Building Electrical Mechanical Permits This is to Certify that the BUSINESS located At --------------------Dwelling Type 0026 HERSEY STREET in the CITY OF SALEM Address Town/City Name, IS HEREBY GRANTED A PERMANENT CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY 26 HERSEY STREET UNIT 2 This permit is granted in conformity with the Statutes and ordinances relating thereto, and expires -- -- _ - unless sooner suspended or revoked. Expiration Date ----------- ---------- - Issued On: Thu Jan 11,2007 ----- -------- GeoTMS®2007 Des Lauriers Municipal Solutions,Inc. ---------------------------------------- --------------------------�---- CITY OF SALEM BUILDING PERMIT Certificate No: 187-07 Commonwealth of Massachusetts City of Salem Building Electrical Mechanical Permits This is to Certify that the BUSINESS located at Dwelling Type 26 HERSEY STREET in the CITY OF SALEM ------------ -- - -------------- - --------------- -- -- --------------------------- -- -- ------------ Address Town/Cit Name IS HEREBY GRANTED A TEMPORARY CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY TEMPORARY 30 DAYS This permit is granted in conformity with the Statutes andordinancesrelating thereto,and expires Monday Oct 30,2006----------- unless sooner suspended or revoked. Expiration Date Issued On:Fri Sep 29,2006 rr� GeoTMS®2006 Des Launers Municipal Solutions,Inc. ------------- --------------------- - -- ---- ------- CITY OF SALEM BUILDING PERMIT j26 HERSEY STREET 187-07 :s#: 404 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETI'S Map: 33 Block: CITY OF SALEM Lot 0037 Category: TENNANT FIT OUT Permit# 187-07: BUILDING PERMIT Project# JS-2007-0258 Est.Cost: $20,000.00 Fee Charged: $225.00 Balance Due: $.00 PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO: Const.Class. Contractor.* License: Use Group: ARNO CONSTRUCTION INC Lot Size(sq.ft.):'9800 - Owner: Kevin Talbot Zoning: B4 Units Gained: Applicant: ARNO`CONSTRUCTION INC Units Lost: AT. 0026 HERSEY STREET Dig Safe#i ISSUED ONr 05-Sep-2006 AMENDED ON: EXPIRES ON: 05-Mart2007 TO PERFORM THE FOLLOWING WORK: TENNANT FIT OUT FOR(2)COMMERCIAL SPACES POST THIS CARD SO IT IS VISIBLE FROM THE STREET Electric Gas Plumbing Building Underground: Underground: Underground: Excavation: Service: Meter: Footings: � - Rough: t�� I / Rough: Rough: Foundation: n. Final:I )�Tj(t24# -• Final: - Final: Rough Frame: / Fireplace/Chimney: .•}—��— G O D.P.W. Fire Health l �t/r! - Insulation: Meter: Oil: 14- Final L Honsc# Smoke: /` �. C •�ir� r y y � Water: Alarm: Treasury: , 0 V, Sewer: Sprinklers: f(/./,1- THIS PERMIT MAY BE REVOKED BY THE CITY OF SALEM UPON Vlof AIPA 4� F ITS RULES AND•Ri GULATIONS. 14 Signature:- _ C�0 Fee Type: Receipt No: Date Paid: Check No: Amount: � IiU_ DLsG {tEC-2_000326 - 05-Sep-06 659 $225.00 j iaQ Ate I:,err hjypG rt'son is Lpm complefion oI wark, please call 746-9595 EXt 3% 4 • I GgoTMS®2006 Des Lauriers Municipal Solutions,Inc. CITY OF SALEM BUILDING PERMIT -------- Certificate No: 187-07 Building Permit No.: 187-07 Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1 . City of Salem : . , Building Electrical Mechanical Permits } ` 'x This is to Certify that the BUSINESS located at --------------- - Type Dwelling 7 --+Z; e ,, 5 s•.` T26 HERSEY STREET in the e --------------- ------ CITY OF SALEM Address TowNCiry Name � IS HEREBY GRANTED A PERMANENT CERTIFICATEF. OCCUPANCY 3.. 26 HERSEY STREET UNIT 2 R This permit is granted in conformity with the Statutes and ordinances relating thereto ands expires ----. unless sooner suspended or revoked. t Expiration Date W., x , ---_ -__---.- ,�f .-�._. v ------------ -. Issued On:Thu Jan 11,2007 - xfiav` r GeoTMS®2007 Des Lauriers Munidpal Solutions.Inc. - -- -- --------------- E S � � r 5Y� tAk';3� A.ykk 1. Sra r, Certificate No: 187-07 Building Permit No.: 187-07 Commonwealth of Massachusetts "a* City of Salem Ate= Building Electrical Mechanical Permits This is to Certify that the BUSINESS located at }. Dwelling Type 0026 HERSEY STREET in the CITY OF SALEM Address __ ._......_ ....".TowNCity Name 5 . IS HEREBY GRANTED A PERMANENT CERTIFICATE OF,I.'110 OCCUPANCY 26 HERSEY STREET UNIT 1 ' x� This permit is granted in conformity with the Statutes and ordinances relating thereto,and ,', expires ----------------------- unless sooner suspended or revoked. r; $; Expiration Date + ---------------- ar:R f,y ; Issued On:Thu Jan 11,2007 -- " ------ Des r . . . Y GeoTMS®2007 Des Lauriers Municipal Solutions,Inc. ----------------- - " r - -------- --------------- ----------- ...... ...... � * r eb . :r.a + k s3r:{s' m i w s �E ' Certificate No: 187-07 Commonwealth of Massachusetts City of Salem Building Electrical Mechanical Permits This is to Certify that the BUSINESS located at Dwelling Type 26 HERSEY STREET in the CITY OF SALEM - - Address Town/City Name IS HEREBY GRANTED A TEMPORARY CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY TEMPORARY 30 DAYS This permit is granted in conformity with the Statutes and ordinances relating thereto, and expires -"Mon_day__Oct 30,2006 unless sooner suspended or revoked. Expiration Date ---- --- ----------------_- ----------------___-----------------------__- Issued On:Fri Sep 29,2006 4---- ` 6eoTMS02006 Des Lauriers Municipal Solutions,Inc. ---------"" ---/-'-'-�"^"'------- -- •" """""""""""""---------------"""""�""" ;•�,'9��1Q• > � W i ©'�• I) \�� Dims\ ' �� CIY1'� FGOr6tHERSEY STREET 187-07 404 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS tap: 33 ock: CITY OF SALEM Lot: 0037 Category: TENNANT FIT OUT Permit# 187-07 BUILDING PERMIT Project# JS-2007-0258' Est:Cost: $20,000.00 Fee Charged: $225.00 Balance Due: $.00 PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO: Const.Class: Contractor., License: Use Group: ARNO CONSTRUCTION INC Lot Size(sq. 11). 9800 Zoning: Owner: Kevin Talbot B4 Units Gained: Applicant: ARNO CONSTRUCTION INC Units.Lost: AT 0026 HERSEY STREET Dig Safe#: �_..- ISSUED-ON. 05-Sep-2006 AMENDED ON: EXPIRES ON: 05-Mar;2007 TO PERFORM THE FOLLOWING WORK. TENNANT FIT OUT FOR(2)COMMERCIAL SPACES POST THIS CARD SO IT IS VISIBLE FROM THE STREET Electric Gas Plumbing Building Underground: Underground: Underground: Excavation: Service: Meter: Footings: Rough: ) Rough: Rough: Foundation: Final:9/ � Final: Final: Rough Frame: I FireplacetChinmey: D.P.W. Fire Health �� Insulation: Meter: Oil: House# Smoke: v / Final C /D .I' /tom// Treasury: aa Water: Alarm: / �O r ✓0 V, Sewer: Sprinklers: f(/ _T P CA THIS PERMIT MAY BE REVOKED BY THE CITY OF SALEM UPON VI F ITS RULES AND REGULATIONS. Signature:'' Fee Type: Receipt No: Date Paid: Check No: Amount: BUILDIN(: _ RFr_.� n -n�0 )[y�a,,,,, 05-Sep-06 659 $225.00 {�t'�sFi"ZAsY'T: ARh,.3wCbOn 25 s]t. FED 46-: 595 Ext acs, GcoTMS®2006 Des Lauriers Municipal Solutions,Inc. Ott B C2S�'tILL� F cT55�TCiTITSQI 7,Jlatut $ itt 41? (Otte Salm (Swett 4 - C� I G r• C�I iiS S. REQUEST FOR REVIEW COMMENTS SPECIAL PERMIT ll: E TO: ( Q Building Inspector ( ) Conservation Commission ( ) City Engi eer ( ) Other! ) Board of Health Attached .please find the application referencedelov. The Planning Board requests that you review this application relative to Section VII of the Zoning Ordinance. We would appreciate your completing the form below and returning it to us. Notice of the public hearing for this application will be forwarded to you. ( WETLANDS & FLOOD HAZARD DISTRICTS - ( ) CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT ( ) PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT APPLICANT: 9�✓1 =� �9��C7C.(ltrU.• PROJECT NAME & ADRESS: CONTACT PERSONS AND PHONE: rA10 AS%_ "0Z%1L- 7414 -4S• D Applicant: City: CO'1�!XENTS DUE BY: 5 �' (Failure to comment within 35 days shall be deemed lack of opposition.) Concur with proposal (Explain on reverse side) ( ) Need more information (Explain on reverse side) ( ) Cannot concur with proposal (Explain on reverse side) ( ) Comments included REVI 14ERIS SIGNATURE T L DATE f p..F^ . - Oxy':A4 1 ..4f, k� A �✓ rte±'.. a� t N p a 'Z" xi T (9V*fttjlntp8lt4 of masssrl"taetts •k ,�'. µ3 f. . rf, :. � }-�� Mop DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY BOARD OF 01' PREVENTION REGULATIONS gip` 3 RULES AND REGULATIONS F : Made in accordance, with the Provisions of Generoi Levi (Ter. Ed.), Chapter 148, Seetioa 10, as amended. ' ' $ x GOVERNING 4, `r ORY-CLEANING ANC DRY-DYEING AND THE KEEFING, i � STORAGE AND USE OF CLEANING AND DYEING FLUID ` p,TM qtr: x as bks; IN'CONNECTION THEREWITH t * w z + ?..lb +. e ` 5 x 4 y4, lorr ;yN9'� fi.A ' FORM FPR-211 } } g. MAY 1975 x { M1n p, } ry fYccXbly ni 1F 2. z ix SALE F F,,E PREVENTION f;U�tERU � 5 Y rR ur TABLE OF CONTENTS i w FORM FPR-2 : Definitions S J h . General Requirements 5 Location " 8 a. Abovegroiind Treatment Tanks or Purifiers g r; Filters ' Pumps and Piping 'Washers Stills and Condensers, Drying Tumblers and Cabinets, Extractors and Combination Dry Cleaning Units 9 i I'c Stills and Condensers 1a: x ,-V4 , t •.,:, Drying Tumblers and Drying Cabinets 11 ta4 kS r Extrdcto» i 1 Extractors Equipped With Spray Nozzle 14 ; Combination Dry Cleaning Units lY Scouring or Brushing and Spotting 13 Operating Requirements 14 ,1F Fire Protection 14 VT r R , ST � f Y. w� as, ^. v DRY CLEANING AND DRY DYEING, AND THE KEEPING, . STORAGE AND USE OF CLEANING AND DYEING FLUID rr� nt V IN CONNECTION THEREWITH. . a fy�6N`r �N. a ., . r •-.Lt In accordance with the provisions of G. L. , C. 148 *" S. 16,;the 'Board of Fire Prevention Regulations hereby ' makes the following rules and regulations applicable �f to dry cleaning and dry dyeing, and the keeping, stor= '- w age and use of cleaningand dyeing fluid in connection therewith. ; t Scope. These rules and regulations shall apply „ establishments hereinafter defined as dry cleaning plants ° allid dry dyeing plants. N=t RsquizWwrtts for con- >;k 1," tr01 of toxicity and health hazards are not covered by' + #. these regulations. " Sscnon I. Det trtmortsgrease, paints and other stains' . from wearing apparel, textiles, fab- a ' Rule 1. For the purpose'of theses tics, rugs or other articles by the rules and regulations, the follow use of cleaning fluids. Methods of ff9< ' Eng words shall have the meanings dry cleaning include: a respectively assigned to them: L Immersion and agitation ' (a) "Cleaning or Dyeing Fluid with the solvent in open ` or Solvent", any flammable liquid. vessels. '+ (b) "Cleaning or Dyeing.Fluids" ." 2. Immersion and agitation shall be divided into the following, with the solvent in dosed classes: machines. s >a:, } Class A, any flammable 'fluid 9. "Brushing" or "scouring" 1p , having a flash point of be- with cleaning solvents. low one hundred degrees'' (e) "S p o t t i n g" (prespotting) r, (100°) Fahrenheit, to be as- shall. mean the local application of x Air Y certained by any standard,` cleaning fluid to spots, dirt, grease, closed-cup instrument paints and stains for removal of Class B, any flammable fluid same. �§ having a flash point of not (f) "Safety Can", a container for 'sx 4 less than one hundred de- the keeping of flammable liquids, e grass (100°) Fahrenheit nor provided with pouring outlets with 1 higher than one hundred ti ht-fittin caps or valves nor- eighty-seven degrees (187°) nally cloy d by springs, except Fahrenheit, to be aster- when held open by hand, so that � r tained by any closed-cup the contents will not be spilled if } - standard instrument. the can is tipped over. The caps @x ^* (c) "Bonded or Ground or. shall be so designed as to provide tr the dissipation of static electricity, an emergency vent when the cans +a shall mean either that a bond or are exposed to fire or heat source. w ground has been effectively ap• The gauge thickness of safety cans plied, or that an electrically con- shall be of an approved thickness ductive path having a resistance for capacity of said container. adequately low for the intended (g) "Dry Dyeing" shall mean the ' purpose, usually one million ohms process of dyeing clothes or other r" or less, is inherently present by,the fabrics or textiles in a solution of " nature of the installation. dye colors and dyeing fluids. In � (d) "Dry Cleaning" shall mean the regulations which follow, wher- " the process of removing dirt, ever reference is made to "dry sass 9 SALEM F11,E FF,EVENTION BUREA k ' �t°v`W7:Rry - - ,-la`s � Y;rMYsF�:,Y`•-e�;.�•y M,�,F__ cleaning", it shall mean either dry (n) "Fire Wall", a fire-resistive " o i F cleaning or dry dyeing operations. wall of brick; concrete or other ; materials equivalent to a ig (h) "Dry Cleaning Plantah t 2 ` inches 8 solid brick which.ex- buildi or portion of a building ( ) R r utilized of intended to be utilized tends from the foundation.. to a y ��* r z specifically in the process of dry heightof above atleast t twelve inch , r� cleaning or dry dyeing. (12") highestadjoining, roof, or between fireproof floors, or =9" ' (i) "Fire Door", a metaP or between a floor and a roof iu si ( metal-clad door and its assembly, first-class building and with all such as frame, threshold, trim openings in the same protected by ?•- a; ti hardware, etc., so constructed and two automatic- losing. fire door assembled in place as to retard the separated by the thickness of the " x passage of fire. wall. + (j) "Self-closing", as applied to a (o) "Fire.Window" or "Fire Shy-. v fire door at other opening protec- light", a window or skylight of ap ,. Live, normally closed and equipped proved metal frame and sash which with ;an approved- device which is glazed with wired glass that is �. will 'insure closing after having not less than one-quarter of an been openedfor use. inch (t/") in thickness. (k) "Automatic-closing", as ap• (p) "Fire-resisting Roof Cover- ip plied to a fire door or other open- ing", any roof covering of brick, " ing protective, normally held in an tile, slate, metal, asbestos shingles, open position and automatically slag. asphalt shingles, composition a °" .•fvy closed by a releasing device that is of asbestos and asphalt, tar and gravel, or other approved mate- " a actuated' by abnormal high tem- iSr PP r " Yb perature or by a predetermined, rials having comparable fire resin-£ , .` rate of rise in temperature. tiverating. e k ' (1) "Eire Partition", a partition (q) "Approved", approved the State Fire Marshal. i constructed of concrete, brick or r k s other approved masonry units, or (r) "Construction, Classes of" -,q;,F �N wire lath and cement or sum "First-class building", one con., nt t .t gypsum B b plaster not less than two inches strocted of non-combust ible mate.. (2") in thickness properly sup- rial throughout, with external µ # `4 vt potted by a steel frame entirely walls of approved masonry., All tf 9 1WZ;r imbedded within the plaster, or floors shall be fireproof floom b o+ri equivalent fire-resistive construe- Wood may be used for door and tion. windows, except as otherwise pro vided, and may be used inside an - (m) 'Fire Protected",. the_pm office for non-beatingartitions i Lection of combustible construe- .md flooring. P 6 - otion with metal lath and cement g rv, . .x or gypsum plaster, or any ap• "Second-class building.' one v r' proved equivalent, so as to pm the external walls of which• are t vide one-hour fire-resistive protec• constructed of approved masonry t tion. and having fireproof floors; and - 4ALI iRa-s I r S }N�R.v 4 'YtTrTw��.. ' •Y' Ali A-'fl '°M '4 3C P { .• 4 r which has any part-oFfthe interior , grade and shall have no pits ot'roof construction of:wood': or pockets. The wearing`surface ` "Third-class b u i l d i n g a shall be of noncombustible'tmper � bu'ildmg constructed entirely of vious material. ?� 14 wood Vote: It is remmmendetl that r'. Yr l' rf' Fourth-class buil_d I n ;, .a these' plans be drawn°• to an ' , ` . r a Fra metal-covered, steel-frame .build- indicated scale, showing tela , x t a ing tive location of drycleuttTlg " 4'. building boiler room,-. is r ' ,SECTION It. GENERAL: �.REQUIRE ing building or departments -'st t ;,- 'A' a MENrs storage tanks for solvents "y t P r pump s;.washers drying Lunt r I a " t -Rule 2?' Except as •provided lit blers exti•aciorsfilter*traps 1 l f� g # , Rules 85'tfiroug4 91, iticlustve dry stills, cimdensers, piping,tett A i cleaningby immersion:and,agita- and show sectional pets atton a f v ya x tion in open vessels is -prohibited. of the buildings (including P { ss Rile 3. Dr cleaninj b tinnier- lowest, floors or pits, tanks l `*' y g y'' their fittings, devices,,etc.)+ rr s slot and agitation in closed ma- g • z t•' chines shall:- be carried oiionly Rule 5. ,Machines ehalLbe furn`. 4,withi'machinery and equipment tie• Fshed :by the manufacture s$wtth l signed, installed, and operated ib nerve-plates indicating the.'tlass of'; «. 5 accordance with these regulations. solvent for which each machine is �. a r � r ;. a c Rule a (a) Before any,", It dry designed. Written instructions cleaning. ,palant is established or shall be given the buyer:covering }} constructed,br the class of solvent proper installation and safe open t 4 atin methods of using a ut ment ps q .',, y is changed or any existing plant is g g q P rx d remodeled,.plans and specifications and solvent. shall be submitted for exainina• Role 6. The use of solvents lav x w ,,`tion and approval to'the head of, its a hazard ratio ater than r '. the fire department.' that for which' a machine it da " , t4.+ s ? a t ,(l>j-A y but other sttgc- signed is prohibited. '3a # t z ford cleanin ofd .dyeing shall eaning plants orj ;� ., e o Cass I. C ass II, Class III or systems utilizing Cls *, i lf4 t Class IV construction.' shall be ptohibiie�except at e. ,�' }ea o t e re a artment may a' (c) Any existing, budding or . �' z . erinirthe continued use of 'exist other structure hereafter altered or j Y % f con'ver'ted for use for: cleanin ing dry cleaning planta utilizing or dry dyeing shall conform to the Class A 'solvents where such con. l K" same rules'and regulations as ap• Untie use wt not Iona t u p ply to a new building for such use. tinct azar to t e or Rol ommg •t: t property.r. s ., : (d) An existing dry'cleaning or +t drydveing'plant hereafter..remod• ' Rule 4 Dry' cleaning plants of of : vl'/ 'eled shall conform to these rules systetos utilizing Class A;solvents, a ': t V ' • : and.regttlations insofar as is prat- permitted under Rule 7 shall con r =tib ticable. form:.to all regulations pertaining )- �t r_ ? (e) Floor's shall not+be below to dry, cleaning ,plants utilizing * Yrs 44141 to vas " ' � :' z SALEM FIRe PREVENTION BURS EA �. bs rA.4hAl-•i^ k t�: { .n. :iiaM:1. r.! ( X. f _ - J• V �' N:. u Class B solvents, with such modifi- }sonrv, or noticambuatible construC• t :, cations as the head of the fire de- icon and wall finish shall 6 pisco t t. partment may direct, -.Or -1112atoiwd 'without furring nr, [ q •r concealed spaces. Two exits shall' ?; SEcrtON III. i ocnr[o� be provided which shall be as ra-' t� Rule 9. The requirements : of mote from each other as �ractic A Section S are based upon the I_- able and lead directly outside of +` tion being in unsprinklered build "`me burldm .: Sash shall be glaze s az ! rugs; at the discretion of the head_ tvlth wired glass and sb hung that' x s they will readily swing out to case , r i,-, , .of the fire department they may be k Y x } & modified ec�ed t�liroughoutif the bbyldmeanssof an of an explosion Such sash shall s: t £ ;'. not be secured while the plant is Y k k� T s approved automatic sprinkler sys ' - Aer to Ion "The glass areae !n q walls shall be so located as to vent. tem. ' the force of an exp-los' the •ser 5: g "i Ri lv J/1 thedry G t e a n adirection or directions of least ex- ' i b�lildin shall be not closer than c nosure., !.—ten feet to the line of adloinmg Role 14. Floors of cleaning'"", t s property accept that when the ex• Y Artr� wi wall of the sections shall be of fire-resistive p 'ng dry cleanin w a e , " building is•a blank wall having a construction and shall have no N� r :• flre-reS[ataDCe rating of at least pits, wells. Or pockets. The weaiv - "four hours, it may be located on ing surface shall be of a noncom 1 ° ,: ° 'the property me. tis recom- , busable material and where tot � � i. 4 s mended that dry cleaning planta ,cared over a basement, floor shall ,. utilizing Claes. B solvents be to be•vapor and liquid tight. cat in outlying sparsely built ,..RttJe lS. Roof and Boors above 1� v � t 'y °mom• grade floor should preferably be of r r t -; fire-resistive or noncombustible 3 > kIJ c Rule 11. Dry cleaning opera- construction, .but if of combustible t Ey tions shall;in na event be carried construction, the ceilings over the n=; on in the same building with other; dry cleaning _areas shall be pro r ^ oecu odes. unless separated there+ ," 4W tected by cement or gypsum plaster { +_ „. by an unpierced fire wall' l =r on metal lath, 'or equivalent con. Operations incidental to or in con'. a 1 vection with the cleaning Guar- , struction having„not less than a_ a ra t. j <tiy ,a ' g one-hour fire resistance classifica•..; ser, [e a nese, such as laundering, scouring, tion. scrubbing,;e€ s aciubbing,; drying, pressing iron s n r mg, etc., shall not be Classed a6 Rule 16. Door 0 e n I n 6 on, "other occu cies", for the ur• ` stairs or elevatori'leading from al-, Pan P ,. ;pose of this standard. ° u dry' cleaning area to a basement,'. t c I or opening into rooms having' Rule 12. Dry cleaning plants or systema utlhimg ass so—vents";openings' or, stairs to basements, g sr 1 shall be restricted to the lowest shall be provided with noncom• x bustible sills or ramps raised at , I+«+ 74 Tor ssf a buildin but shall not I 7 s? - g —,east six inches. Approved roved self• ^ be located on any floor below h rg ;,.yzs �" ` "' .grade. - closing.fire,doors shall be provided , 'g` at such openings. Enclosures shall ° r -Rule 13. Walls shall be of ma- be of.construction equivalent to .eke c' 6„. k A `svgs a . A r h a W tq'a....*�A,� ,r ” .. .. e+o-Y'k'.,. .. _� . .. .. _.. , ..., .v#:3J`+i•� „,i,�Y,� t F SALEM FIFA PR EVENTION `BUi�F.Rl fltt `fl � +"�i �. - ra+�* � tl• "g � alk < ei. ';'thiL floor construction" but±having .control.• Mechanical systema of " j ' •.s *r # � a fire-resistive rating of not less ventilation'"shall have sufficnent='ce : r �§^ a than 1=hour. pacify to in complete and; tinuous change of ait`in dry cle Rate li. Where incidental op-, ing rooms once every six minutes " s ' s r�r 3r% . undererationRulechl are locateas those d on The ventilation system shall open V t zr _ ate automatically" when any same' (loot_ with dry cleaning cleaning equipment is in use. The r v > ,e. plants, the dry cleaning' operations ventilation system' shall be auto• zth qA, artit ons ca able oftherefrom y Wfire o uratically shutoff upon operation i . P P providing of the fire protection or detection a y_ hours "fire resistance,. and 'should + ' x system. „a u . y t ,preferably be located in a corner Of4he building so that the exterior Rule 20, The:spidera and.blades v s c z "walls will form a part of the e'n : or running rings of exhaust,'fana w , ' ; s 7 {n clodute,required:by this standazd: : shall be of non-ferrous metal,'-and .r S r Any openings in partitions shall be .motors for fans shall not be " a e e t protected with an approved' self- stalled in ducts., s ti } K closing fire door. Rule 2VWith respect to'ilea & T` Note: The requirements of Rule " (tical installatiotis, dry cleanfng v' P; �£ 17 may be waived at the discretion plants or"system utilizing Clava Bt � of the "authority having"jurisdic. solvents shall be considered to be 4 ' tion based upon a consideration. Class 1, Division 1; hazardous lova t ty'y a li1_4� 1 grs of such factors as type ofbuilding: tions, under Article 500 of the s- # construction ' involved, nature of. 'Afassachusetts Electrical Code, with M is: v" operations, and extent of.private' the exception that lighting fixttiwe v protection provided. switches. communication and sip . "s 3+ t naling equipment, and other',fix y Vit. ^ T Rule A Drying or deodorizin and ortabledevices, located eight rY g g P gh x r should preferably be conducted in feet or more above the floor; Al , s `"g ,;T` ..suftahly protected drying cabinets he installed in accordance ,with ' '-�' &�• k s or tumblers, but where done in the requirements for Class 1 'Divi , yr e s 4 vt >. - dty rooms,such rooms shall be con- sion 2, hazardous locations.`.;;;All `structed with walls, partitions and wiring shall be in rigid conduit ih r ceilings of material capable of stalled in accordance with, there 2> : furnishing two-hours fire resistance, quirements of Class 1, Division 1, '. ;+ re's and having self•cloaing doors" of hazardous locations Electneal ' equivalent construction,'and shall motors, motor controllers overeat be ventilated.in accordance' with rent devices,,switches and cit o. ti .< s * � } r4 a Rule 19. • If the drying room ra iii electr_"cal devices," if inatalled`- or a rate build" the;bnildin used in dean"; rooms, ehail r ` £ ° ng B arY ng a: a III conEoan in all respects to the be approved for Class 1, Group D. , requi#ementa for the dry cleaning hazardous locations. Lighting shall t k building be by electricity. Lighting; fuc l'. a Yt t tures, switches, communication t rte` Rule l9. An', system of x =F lr ventilation shall be installed IR - •Note A system Instilled in aemraaooe j - the Standard for Blower and Exberat SyNmwAl c� . x' •. , dry .cleaning areas, and'.shall be. "bliAed .by the National Fire Pro"'thto A.iation.(LAPPA No. 91) shall be aeerw ° x a "provided with means for remote ,hie. e da pa. t a lig `)R as a a, s +•: ^yet Ria 2a. -`FSC 0• - � G'i";'"r ay '^ r _ " to l" xj, .-'€._. 'MJ'r...x-.'.a.z ri,-r.1x•^ u ' ".`... P S,_ ... ...,..� n,w.A .:• s .r '., A.• f. c�, k ., f �•.. 4 X L A . ........ fid- signaling equipment,,. and, ground stoiii tanks shall be,pr6mo l other fixed and portable devices, vided witfill-WinCh,vent pipes ew located within eight feet of the tending to the initside.of the b6ildo, ing and term floor, shall, be approved for'Class inatin -not less-thin 4 9 1. Group D, hazardous locations two feet vertically or horizontally as defined by the Massachusetts from any opening. "t 4 Electrical Code.* Ride 25. For static protect oil Rule 22. Heating shall te= filters see Rule 38, Still or hot water only. IV g and hot water pipes and radiators 4 for heating purposes shall be at A B 0 V E G Rl OV N,D Ilk- least one inch from all woodwork, NIENT TANKS ORTUkim hd shall be protectgb bal su tial metal screens ar 0 1� I S,ch Iners ed t R u le 26,"Such contaikirl(i ha �4 ve an individual capa2city.not, 6, 4'Iii, vent combustible goods or mate. 14 Z W 0 gallonsli.and 41 -4, rials- from coming in contact with excess Of 35 no event V* exceed in capaclity:, ch pipes and radiators. The SU be ar. individual storage. tank Nn�� tops of such enclosures sha be 'A l;Y4 - ranged to prevent their use. as they may connected.! ",shelvels. Rule 27. Containers shil. ....... Ilk X, curely mounted on, rigid,, 4t Ruk 13. Boilers shall '6e 16- in a detached -buatible supporte� _Y 2. c�awWeh�n j q Whe in'thesame R I buildififf. ule 28. Containers,, sluill-4P. building and in a room adjoining provided wi v pi thli inch the dry cleaning room, the boiler 'extending to the Outilue tooth Shall be cut off by fire parti building and te inating r, 41 tions without openings, having a than two (2) t v, ically fir t"I.-fire resistance rating of n 'A ot, less zontally from any opening. , W Hl X ; �than -two hoursi Openings into S" ..... boil I irwims "I be at leist 10 feet from any exterior, openings _IW �V� Nh into the cleaning room. Rule 19. Pressure I shall be equi with IV Rule�V. All solvent sitoria,ge pressuregatt t%4 _ n" 11211 'tanks-shall be undergrou hd.or in ularly for liccura- f 7 il approved n, enclosures, installed and shall not 0 ted at J in art approved exceeding t recommen e equipped man- ner's except that inside (abOve7 the manufacturers. grcnmd� storage tanks maiy be used INC Rule 30. Presiarre filters,4WI bt provided the aggregate capacity of with .- an airitil provided, the stor tanks does not,ei"keeid gallons and the individual Ca- valve tind 'line: connect tq diii- 6d 45t -charge into the washer or intbIllic pacity of iny'storiage tank do'es hot V, exceed 275 gallons. AIV�abntv,,. storage, tank,vent line. Such tdri bleeding links Shall not disclut into the room. -Nal 'med when it rbij synernmill be ar Is installed in accordance it A IW't, t thaftandartils far the storage, handling and use of flainniable, Rule 31. All liquid level ga*�', liquidal 8 VMS 31" fee I'K ge w checked file perst 'dia A g`§'�4�'�''"-"T" „�b,�_ "�'�.�, ., � r •.... axe .t n,y,�'"�"�'d�`g r a '�� MU-4 FIRE FRL'JEid PION t3UREA>�J Al, t Aa H w b ".y 4 f y `„Sf ? 1f • .kd ; d 4; unless of approved heavy expansion `or contraction., -i ': s, ar duty .type,'shall be equtppeit with systems shall contain a fuffitient an automatic device which will im• number'o[ valves to operate the mediately shut off the flow. of sol- system properly and to protect the ;' went if the, glass is broken. These plant. Cast iron fittings fiir presr qs liquid level,gauge-glasses shall be ure piping shall be prohibited,.',,.,4 e I f t� t reliably protected against 'physical Note: For static protection on � ; s t x s n damage pump and piping msfallations ser "y b " M s Rule 88 s PUMPS AND'P1PING•` +ICe e , . nk g • s.. r a - Rule 32. The handling of sol- tvASHERS,`, STILLS ANIS] ON ; z vents' from the storage, tank DENSE , DRYING°"RT[IM 5 X r throw h the various machines and ALERS AND CABINETS, EX back the' se-Wing and clear sol- TRACTORS AND GOMBINA� " u _ j ,, •' vent tank's shall be through closed TION DRY,CLEANING UNITS a� '^b 'k} �•��^a, "f' kr, '✓ circulm of piping. .` 4 Rule 3;. All 'washers, stills and ` 8 sR1-` y Rule 33. Sight glisses,.the break- condensers, drying tumblers and V z P.c ` sage of which would'.,permit the cabinets, extractors and tombrna t ` ` a escape of flammable liquids, shall tion dry cleaning units shall be of s ' +, r 'be of a type not readily damaged approved design and manufacture f c* 44 . 4 [' by heat and shall be reliably pro- Rule 38. Storage tanks,-,;treat r �� c, tected against physical damage. men't iauks, purifiers puinpa„pips " ' to A L q t ' Rule 34. Sludge pumps.shafl be ing, " washers, extractors,y drying k eprovided to remove sludge ;from tumblers, -drying cabinets; combt underground treating.and settling nation units, stills, condenxrs , r �s tanks. ,The suction pipe,;hall be and outer such equipment, if not x ?� �x ' <' carried to the tank,,bottom and inherently- electrically con iiuttive, T; " -the pump shall discharge to-an ap shall be bonded together. „This k proved container. In no case shall system of equipment, if itris not r it ' .` * ' the discharge be into a sewer: groundetf due to the electrical " < v ,;rl, € o power service installed ,thereon,. f ` Ru[e 35v All pumps handling shall be ounded. Isolated umta, r + i solvent shall be designed for .use _ with hazardous liquids. Pumps of netsof �shallnbetgrounded such as tying qbi• e x E W L ' the positive displacement , type k t. } shall be fitted,with a relief valve" Rule r9: When pulleys and Ar ' $ and by-pass set so as to prevent ex- belting ,are used in dry�cieaning" cessive"pressure. e . rooms. the accumulationof."static s ' electricity shall be minim_ izedi-by,•.' s jet r sty R e` Rule 36. All pipiri shall _ be the installation of ro eil '•�� + r tested to a minimum pressure of at P, P Y ,1 si l`v least 50 per cent in excess<of its grounded.combs, collectors or neu• lbstralizers. 1 � A� s normal operating pressure,,proved fes` tight, and protected agam'srphysi= Rule 40. Special consideration lir +g z , 'cal damage. Pipe systems shall be shall be given to the generation substantially supported,'an_d pro and accumulation of static electrt rl., f" i y 1 r tested against excessive stresses city in • the handling ,of,,fabnear" ; arising from settlement, vibration, since a tree charge may exist on T# rraa V % f :.�b It'd • � X � F� l �-. e, r M t ;L Y>• }-r W 4 surface of the solvent when in,:-shall be provided- 'with'approved'1 3` r`fi3m s , equipment such as washers or,ex- extinguishing,equipment, arranged'° a k s .tractotq: When fabrics are traps• to operate automatically in ease of ferrcd from one piece of equip fire, such as an approved 'carbon I b e went to soothe{, the two pieces of dioxide system or steam jet not lees i s f equipment shall be electrically than s% inch with a continuously n bonded together• available steam supply at a press F Any dry cleaning room shall be ure'of not less than 15 pounds per z t s- Vprotected,from static accumulation square inch. r $ t3 by maintaining a minimum tela- Note: Carbon Dioxide Extin• ' 4X I, W 4W ' „trn humidity of ft during dryguishing Svstems in e e ting the$ met` i J x cleaning operations:' standards of the NFPA No.'12 may x ' A >s i Rule 41. W a s h i n g machines be considered approved. , ie a- a r Ahall be 'of substantial construc. ttion and provided with splash• , STILLS AND CONDENSERS ° < , a ;� ,proof doon.and shall be provided ." r r sz s with interlocks'to-prevent cylinder Rule: 47. Steam or hot water ;„ >+ x ( Y-faa a only shall be used as the sou rotation under power except fsourceof `y r ,41 4pcFiing when doors are open. heat, If steam is used, a prey ttre *S regulating valve shall be installed ar, { 1R1I kbe42. Each washing machine in the steam supply line to the ; * + i * , pruQided with an overflow still. 3pipe one size larger than the size , of the solvent supply line. to the Rule 48 Stills and condensers t' "1',yt'fimachine. Such overflow pipe shall shall be liquid and,vapor-tight. 01 be# connected.to the shell of the, 1. _ , 4P�l 4. mss+ washer ao'that-the top of the over= Rule 49. Stills shall be designed r € e fiow is below 'the bottom of trun• for operation on the vacuum prim• i w` _- ion shaft,'shall'be without shut-off ciple., Pressure operated.stills are •x : F rvalves,and shall be arranged to dis- prohibited: e ,, tcharge to an ;underground tank. 10, ` } N£ ¢ =b y Individual button, and lint MPS Rule 50. A pressure relief valve '! a w� shall be provided for each washepr shall be provided equipped with l i a-vent line extending to the out. Rule 43. Washing machin1. es . aximumshall be set for two psig , R �, 4shall be secured to the floor. r fv Rule 44::'A 11 `liquid•handling, ' Rule 51. A check valve shall be p �- * " =x Parte such as washers, extractors,, installed in the steam line between +, i :k a ' ffltets, button traps, and moisture the boiler and the still 3 A separatorsshall be maintained to .. st tss G prevent leakage of,solvent. 'Rule 52. Each 'till shall be pia r* , vided'with a combination vacuum agl ,r, Rule 45.''The supply pipes to • and pressure gauge. a # • washing machines whether from �Z mr 'k'�lpumps,, filters or, storage tanks, Rule S3 .Each atilt shall be a � shall enter the washing machines equipped with a constant level de- &y above the,char liquid level. vice to automatically maintain the x & ata q solvent liquid level in the still at �x" Rule 46. Each washing machine• the proper height. , i 'r , { 10 k: s . ><M, r. ry w _• ^mss s �_, _e 4 �� " . FIRE SALEM Fkcutivlluld B A � K a � k x bRY114 TUMBLERS AND' Rule 39. Each drying tumbler' F. " a DRYING CABINETS shall be provided with approved extinguishing equipment, arranged X Ts, w Rule 54. Drying tumblers,shall to operate automatically in wee of s Y =& =t be of substantial construction, well fire as specified in Rule 46. e,e 7 secured to substantial'foundations; t and shall` be provided with 'self- ^ closing explosion hatches havingEXTRACTORS �•: R ., " a 8 P rr -an area equal to at least one"square Rule 60. Extractors shall be 'bf 4 .. foot for each 90 cubic feet of cylin , xP yr substantial"' construction and .WS, s Paan 'der volume. Hatches shall be ar-, r ranged to open away from the cured to rigid non-combustible sujr crrr t operator. ports. �Btl ABs. 4 S * N -.. .M t k Rule 5f. Drying tumblers shall Rule 61. The baskets shall,liave r t-_)z— ow a rim of non-ferrous metal and ;p=, f t o.be provided with a steam jet, of shall be well balanced. g�'. it: ; fnot less than sus inch pipe size, for humidifying and shall be kept in Rule 62. Extractors shall t be operation during the drying pro. provided with liquid tight covers, � � .' cess. preferably of non-ferrous metal,'or S € c. they shall be designed so that none r r. Rule 56. Drying tumblers and of the li liquid solvent is thrown out t ` *��+ r drying cabinets shall be ventilated of the extractor while it is in open. �flX to the outside air by means of ation. The cover shall be equip-, properly constructed pipes or ducts ped with automatic mechanical or, connected to an exhaust fan of "s electrical interlocks which will pro sufficient capacity to remove all -'hibit operating the extractors while dust, vapors, or lint generated by the cover is open and which wall [ *i° " ' �� vx y the process. Such discharge_ pipes prohibit opening the cover until . or ducts shall be carried to a the basket comes to rest. x'B height of not less than six feet ,a f c s above the roof and shall be pro- Rule 63. Extractors shall be pro " ' ^ +r a , °. vWed with cleanout facilities. vided with a drain pipe not less' - � - . ^: than 1tip inches in diameter con. ee t Rule 57. Discharge pipes from netted direct to underground atop a,k s „ , r >'exhaust fans shall not terminate age tanks or to a suitable above-' s is within ten feet measured horizon ground container,-or to the washer tally from any door, window or through an approved extractor ;• ".'�,_ frame; walls of any adjoining, or pump with connections fitted with +r t 3,� adjacent building: Proper valves. : V ; ` �'' '8 441..' Ritte,59. The fan shall be prop• Rule 64. Brakes, fE used, shall - - . •ar,: erly housed and so interlocked as be so designed as to prevent'the ^ to insure operation while the dry- creation of sparks or excessive heat, r k ing tumbler is in use. The fan Rule 65. Extractors shall not he ', *?x spiders, blades. or running rings operated at a speed in excess' of `> - fig shall be constructed of non-ferrous that prescribed by the manufac= rt metal-. In no case shall the fan turer as shown on the nameplate, rt motor, be mounted within the which must.be provided,on each trs tyl ^ vr ventilating duct. machine. rno-s 11 k hfT •.t` V p . 4 rYk .� �`}LiF`5Y: + x vt' o r n 9 - ,Ysry yy �r s y ke4 a^t W rt f . P.y2 fe �� EXTRACTORS EQUIPPED be installed in each line and all z s r t WITH A SPRAY NOZZLE valves shall be interlocked so that s ^' at least one of the valves is open. r' ` A " Rule 66. Ex tractors may be , equipped with a solvent spray noz- Rule 73. If a separate extractor , ya ' de for the purpose of spray rinsing drain tank is provided; it shall i s of garments. after the primary ex. have a capacity equal to the com- r " traction if the following require. bined t o t a 1gallonage of the n , + < i. ments ate complied with. charged solvent' extraction, the rinse and the rinse extraction. i :x Rule,67. Extractor covets shall , be made splash proof to. prevent Rule 74. Drainage from extras w : , � t« leakage of the solvent, and equip tors to all tank& shall be by gravity ' ped with a latch to hold the cover flow. x «V * a - closed during operation. Rule 75. Installation of suet W' Rule 68. 3uPP1Y pumps shall be spray rinse equipment on existing of approved type and, if positive . extractors in the field is permitted displacement type shall be pro- only when specific approval of.thew,, { s y =vided with a bypass and relief authority having jurisdiction is ob, valve set so as.to prevent excessive . tained. l y '' ressure: a wN P e"fkLL Rule 69. Where the solvent line COMBINATION' DRY CLEAN JNG UNITS is ` connected to the nozzle at the € �4 rover, flexible hose may be used Rule 76. Machines shall 6e rF - provided it is of reinforced' con• substantial construction designed 5: „ struction of a material suitable for to prevent distortion or objection the solvent handled, including an able vibration when machine is in yip" Y integral bond wire, and arranged normal operation. to prevent excessive flexing. Rule 77. Machines shall be Rule 70. Valves in supply line vided with splash roof doom , a P P n sr " t between'pump and outlet shall be' covers, with interlocking means,to a n rte% r �Y installed in such a manner that the , prevent cylinder rotation, under 4t'"; *E t cutoff is effected ahead of any flex- , power, except Eor inching at slow y t r ` isle portion of the supply line. speed, when doors or covers ate ? at" Rifle 71. Regardless of the in° open. u , tendeduse or number, extractor Such interlock shall provide that" � ' -: drain linea shall not be less than duringthe extractingcycle, open; t t two inches' NPT for extractors up ing othe door or cer will dis- Y" i 1, Yo and including 40 inches in di- connect the drive motor and apply oameter, and not leas than three braking means to bring the cyliia s , xnY inches NPT for extractors in excess der to rest before access to cylin _r * y t of 40 inches in diameter. der is possible. Machine shall be " ; z Rule 72. Extractors shall be to provided with braking means to in "e r* �� + P sure such stoppage,within reason �i 4idW with at least one drain line able time. 4„ open at all times. If more than $ one drain line is provided, &,quick Rule 78. Each machine shall be ,:� ° h opening valve or equivalent shall provided with an overflow pipe—, " e+ � - VP*4 T- Y ` N � rF' 4 • SALEM �ll\L i—r�t_b�rajtOt`t ��t\tf\ 5'rt#'k•`. ' rt. one size larger than the size of the SCOURING OR BRUSHING y s p ` solvent supply line to the machine. AND SPOTTING n Such overflow pipe shall be con- t h * Rule 8S: All scouring or`brtfsM•" netted to the shell of the machine x ° so that the top of the overflow is mg and spotting (prespotting) r ` below the bottom of clue trunion operations should preferably be - v r shaft and arranged to discharge to conducted with Class B solvents, an underground tank, except that Class A solvents may r be used in quantities not exceed Role 79. Machines shall be se- ung a total of olie gallon when dts•-'K s cutely attached to the floor and pensed from approved safety,cans� ,u , when necessary a special founds- not exceeding one quart capacity.` F tion provided to prevent transmis- .additional storage shall be rn ap 4 sion of stresses resulting from high proved safety cans of not over one speed operation during extraction, gallon capacity. Reference is made „ r to 'surrounding areas. to Rule 17. sti ft Rule 80. Individual button and Rule 86. Scouring or b'r`ushing f operations utilizing Class A sol- ` -•: lint traps shall be provided for l g `«w ,W each machine. vents shall be,conducted in aepar- "` r ate one-story buildings comp lytitg j Rule Fl. The supply Pipes to in all respects with the requlre• machines, whether from .pumps, merits of Rules 9 through 29 Un- filters firma', tf �" or storage tanks, shall be ar- s ng less the quantity of such solvent' i r ranged to deflect solvent stream used for this purpose does not ex ie� t n away from tub openings. Geed one gallon. Scouring, brush.,. M °# Ruk 82. Each machine shall be ing and scrubbing in such separate ? ' provided with approved extin. buildings shall he done in con- X 4 guishing equipment as described in formity with the requirements that Rule 46. follow, Y y Rule 83. Cylinder shall be sup- Rule 87. No washing or. scrub t ra ported so as to provide sufficient king with Class A solvents shall'be t clearance to prevent striking or carried on in any dry cleaning rubbing adjacent parts during ro. Plants or systems utilizing Class B x tation. solvents. 7 Rule 84. Machine shall be fur. Rule 88. The brushing (pespot nished with nameplate indicating ting) ruble shall have a liquid•tight maximum allowable operating cyl- top with a curb on all sides not less r•' 1 w inder•speed and warning that ma= than one inch high. The top of _ ' chine shall not be operated in ex- cess the table shall be pitched so as to'- uf cess of such speed. Plate should ensure thorough draining to a ltlp also note that door or cover shall inch drain connected to a suitable. , vt ' container especially provided and r... not be opened until cylinder has P Y x come to rest upon completion of marked for that purpose. l R rx the extracting cycle. Machine Rule R9. The scouring orbr4. T shall be furnished with,automatic ing table or scrubbing tub shall, - or manual means for control of the be so located as to ensure thorough fir* t cyclic sequential operation of the .and effective disposal of vapors unit. through' the ventilating system. #cj.g` . F " w xs y *�+ Xg�+Ft� " r 1 th•� ��jy� s � 1 ,g 'rl i i kF i t A x _ 4, Rule Rule 90. Articles; the character Rule 96. Flammable l i q u i`d a of which prevents their washing shall not be used for cleaning r F`y � in the usual washing machines, floors. '+ may be. cleaned on scouring or Rule 97. Smokin shall be it; * „ brushing tables or in approved stricted as provided by Rule 14 of , k . scrubbing tubs provided the total FPR-9. ,x s r., amount of solvent used in such n � open containers shall not exceed Rule 98. On the discovery , of � three gallons. Scrubbing tubs fire, the ventilating system shall be sty ' shall be secured to the floor and shut down immediately and shall i - t shall be provided with permanent not be restored to operation with $-_ 74 11/2 inch trapped drains to a suit- out authority from the head of the s. � able container especially provided fire department. s ' a and marked for that purpose. �< Rule 99. In order that -reliable Rule 9/. Metal tops of spotting operation of the steam or other ex- e '' tables shall be permanently and tinguishing system may be assured, effectively grounded. periodic inspections of all valves and piping shall be made. ,1 OPERATING REQUIREMENTS ' FIRE PROTECTION Rule 92. All etnployees shall be thoroughly 'instructed as to the ` Rule 100. An asbestos blanket, w a " . hazards involved in their d art• not less than seven by seven (7 x a p 7) feet and a boat hook, with a ,' Petnd in the work which they handle at least six (6) feet long, a ,", shall be provided for each dry. �a Rule 93. Clothing shall be thor, cleaning room, which shall be. 4 oughly searched in the receiving kept on a convenient rack at the room and all foreign materials, es- principal entrance. Where the pedally matches and metallic sub- size or arrangement of the room is stances, removed. such as to require a travel of more µ Rule 94. In removingclothes than fifty (50) feet from any point from the washer, provisions shall in the room to reach the principal entrance, additional asbestos be made, for, minimizing the drip blankets and boat hooks shall be ping of solvent on the floor. When clothes are transferred from a ' Provided as directed by the head >r '" washer to a 'drain cob, a non•Eer- of the local fire.department. �' ' rous metal- drop apron shall:be Rule jai. Ag roved gu`.extin bb. b p placed so as to rest on the 'drain ing devices of ble for �- tub and the cylinder of the washer. ,use on oil fires shall be provi _ E"1 . Rule 95. The lint and refuse f r everL room or area w ere am- " shall be removed from all traps ! mable liquids are stored—o-r—lie- after the close of the day's. work, They may be hand extinguishers deposited in approved waste cans, or, if necessary because of the size `f removed from the premises and of the plant, wheeled extinguishers. disposed of safely. At all other Extinguishers shall be of the Class „9 times the trap covers shall be kept B type, installed and maintained Y securely in place. in accordance with the Standards t 14 LA �,t{ y C �1 F".. 11,,,� �4r �^�LEnJI i'ii'�� 1- I��v �nllV i� YVI\LAU ,, N1t for First Aid Fire Appliances. stored or used, but, in any tate, ' There shall be not less than one there shall be at least one (1) ex- (1) extinguisher of B-I rating at tinguisher for each five hundred each entrance of every room or (500) square feet of floor arra or ' arca where flammable liquids are fraction thereof. A , �s A^ F i jgly �t T, ~ ITWI IS I •4 ® IN Bulletin Service Technical PUBLISHED BY THE BULLETIN N0. T-490 INTERNATIONAL FABRICARE INSTITUTE successor to the American Institute of July 1973 Laundering and National Institute of Drycleaning IFI Research Center P.O. Box 940,Joliet, Illinois 60434 Silver Spring, Maryland Copyright 1973, International Fabricare institute. The information herein cannot be reprinted in whole or part without permission. "Rule 66" Petroleum Solvents L Introduction nate air quality control regions; (2) publish air quality control criteria; (3) define national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards; (4) assist states in the adoption and implementation of air In the early sixties the County of Los Angeles Air quality standards; (5) enforce the Act. *A national Pollution Control District determined that much of the target date of 1975 was suggested for compliance air pollution in that city was caused by organic solvents with ambient air quality standards for particulate, interacting with oxides of nitrogen and sunlight. Based sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and • on these findings, Rule 66 was written for the county photochemical oxidant standards. of Los Angeles. We will soon issue a Special Reporter on the subject In our bulletin T-442, we discussed the chemistry of air pollution rules and regulations as they exist in of smog formation, gave some ideas how the Los various states. In this current bulletin (T-490) we Angeles smog problem came about, and discussed confine our discussion to "Rule 66" and how it ap- the role of Stoddard solvent in smog formation. plies to the emission of petroleum solvent used in our Much has ha industry. peened in the area of air pollution controls since 1966 when we issued the bulletin on solvents and the smog problem. The Clean Air Act of 1963 provided thefirst Federal regulatory authority IL That lS "Rule 66?"to control and abate air pollution. At that time only 13 states had laws providing statewide control of air pollution. But since the introduction of the Air Qual- ity Act of 1967, most of the states have enacted Rule 66 was written to regulate the emission of legislation to control air pollution. After extensive organic solvents. In an effort to control sources hearings and public debate, the Clean Air Amend- emitting organic solvents into the atmosphere, the mentsof 1970 were enacted on Dec. 31, 1970. At that Air Pollution Control District of Los Angeles County, time the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was Calif., passed a law which became known as Rule 66. formed by combining the functions of the National It specifically relates to the control of organic solvent Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA), the emissions from stationary sources such as drycleaning Federal Water Quality Administration (FWQA), and plants. Based on extensive smog chamber research, the Solid Waste Management Administration. organic solvents were classified as photochemically reactive and non-photochemically reactive. As the With the creation of EPA, a powerful and sur- name suggests, photochemically reactive solvents do prisingly efficient federal agency was born. The Clean react chemically in the presence of sunlight with Air Amendment of 1970 authorized EPA to (1) desig- oxides of nitrogen to form aldehydes, oxidants and aerosols which in turn cause smog. Rule 66 defines For example, in 1967 the San Francisco Bay Area photochemically reactive solvents as follows: Air Pollution Control District adopted a regulation in "For the purposes of this rule, a photochemically which a complying solvent is defined as any organic reactive solvent is any solvent with an aggregate of solvent emitted to the atmosphere which on condensa- more than 20% of its total volume composed of the tion contains 8% or less of reactive organic com- chemical compounds classified below or which ex- pounds. It is provided that an additional 12% of the ceeds any of the following individual percentage organic compounds from the emission may be mono- composition limitations, referred to the total volume substituted aromatic compounds. The purpose of this of solvent. rule was to control only the emissions of very reactive compounds. 1. A combination of hydrocarbons, alcohols, alde On April 20, 1973, a revision to Part III of the hydes, esters, ethers or ketones having an olefinic or cyclo-olefinic type of unsaturation: 5%. State of California Implementation Plan for achieving and maintaining the National Ambient Air Quality 2. A combination of aromatic compounds with Standards was proposed for the San Francisco Bay eight or more carbon atoms to the molecule except Area Air Basin. This proposed regulation requires ethylbenzene: 8%. specifically that uncontrolled emissions from dry- 3. A combination of ethylbenzene, ketones having cleaning plants be reduced by 90%. Reference is given branched hydrocarbon structures, trichlorethylene, to drycleaning plants using petroleum naphtha (petro- or toluene: 20%. leum solvent) which are complying solvents under the existing rule. The proposed rule calls for a reduction _ Classification 2 concerns drycleaners who use of the emissions of these solvents. To comply with petroleum solvent. Petroleum solvents containing the proposed changes, drycleaning plants in the Bay more than 8% aromatics are classified as photo- Area may be required to install emission control sys- chemically reactive. Rule 66 provides that the emis- tems. sion of photochemically reactive solvents must be limited to 40 pounds per day, or that the emission In plants where control systems are not econom- must be reduced by 85%. Without a vapor recovery ically feasible, the air pollution authorities suggest . system or any other type of emission control device, that a non-reactive solvent such as perch lorethylene drycleaners using petroleum solvent do not meet the could be substituted. Remember — these are proposed 85% emission limit. rules considered for adoption by Jan. 1, 1975. Specifically exempt from this emission limit are At present the question of the adequacy of Rule saturated halogenated hydrocarbons and perchlor- 66 for other areas in the country is under considera- ethylene. These solvents do not contribute to the tion. At least 15 states are presently using Rule 66. smog formation. In other words, Solvent 113 (for IFI will assist you if you have problems understand- example,Valclene R ) and perchlorethylene emissions ing these rules. Please call on us if you need help. are not regulated in Rule 66. Some of those rules and regulations are very difficult to comprehend. In the near future we will issue a summary of all the state regulations and discuss how III. Is Rule 66 adequate? they may affect the drycleaning industry. We mentioned in the foregoing discussion that IV. Solvents which meet Rule 66 regs Rule 66 was specifically developed for Los Angeles County. Since the efforts in the Los Angeles area were truly pioneering, several other states have During the past year we received many inquiries adopted Rule 66. However, as early as 1967, the Los from drycleaners about"Rule 66" petroleum solvents. Angeles Air Pollution control officer stated that Rule In order to help our members locate petroleum sol- 66 may prove to be unrelated to other areas. He vents which contain less than 8% aromatics, as re- cautioned states inquiring about Rule 66 to first study quired by Rule 66, we wrote to all companies who the character and extent of their local problems, and submitted petroleum solvents for IFI's approved then work to resolve them. Apparently his statement solvent list 1973 (see Bulletin No. T-486). Tables has encouraged many other state and local authorities 1 through 4 list the solvents and manufacturers. tostudy their own specific conditions before adopting According to the manufacturers' information, these Rule 66. solvents meet Rule 66 requirements. Table 1: Type I —Solvents Meeting"Stoddard Solvent"Specifications and Rule 66 Manufacturer's %Aromatic Code Trade Name Content Notes 2 Amsco Mineral Spirits 66/3 0.1 2 Amsco Mineral Spirits 20/1-1 7.0 2 Amsco Stoddard Solvent 66/3 0.1 — 5 Arco Cleaning Solvent — — 20 Chevron Mineral Spirits 66 — — 19 Chevron Stoddard Solvent (Richmond, Ca.) — — 19 Chevron Stoddard Solvent (EI Segundo,Ca.) — — 7 Espesol 300-66 3.8 — 12 Gulf Solvent BT — — 6 Hydrogenated (low aromatic) Mineral Spirits 1.4 — 14 Inland No.73 Stoddard Solvent — — 15 Kermac 100-66 — (a) 10 Mineral Spirits 75 — (a) 16 Naphthol Spirits 66/3 — — 16 N-Sol 166/3 — (a) 6 Rule 66 Mineral Spirits (7%) 7 — 17 Shell Mineral Spirits 135-66 — — w. 17 Shell Mineral Spirits 145 EC — — 18 Skellysolve S 7 — 11 Special 120 Solvent — — 13 Varsol 18 — — Table 2: Type II —Solvents Meeting"140-F"Specifications and Rule 66. Mfr.'s %Aromatic Code Trade Name Content Notes Table 4: Type IV—Solvents Meeting"Low Dry Point 2 Amsco 140 Solvent 66/3 0.1 — Solvent"Specifications and Rule 66. 2 Amsco 140-H 7.0 4 Apco 140, Depolarized — (a) Mfr.'s %Aromatic 5 Arco 140 Flash Solvent — _ Code Trade Name Content Notes 19 Chevron 140OF Solvent — (al 2 Amsco Naphthol Spirits 66/3 0.1 — - 20 Chevron 140 Flash Solvent — — 2 Amsco Mintrex Spirits 66/3 0.1 — 7 Espesol 350-66 6.4 — 2 Amsco 365-H Solvent 7.0 11 GS No. 140 Solvent — — 4 Apco Speedsol — (al 14 Inland 140F Solvent — — 5 Arco 365-H Solvent — — 15 Kermac 140 — (a) 7 Espesol 310-66 2.4 — 17 Shell Sol 140 — — 11 GS 340 Special Solvent — — 17 Shell Sol 140-EC — — 14 Inland 340 Solvent — (a) 17 Shell Sol 140-66 — — 6 Kwik-Dri 7.0 — 16 140 Solvent — — 21 5-76 Solvent less than 8 — 17 Shell Sol 340 — — 17 Shell So. 340 EC — — Table 3: Type III —Solvents Meeting"Odorless Solvents" 17 Shell Sol. 345 — — Specifications and Rule 66. 17 Shell Sol 360 — — 17 Shell Sol 360-66 — — Mfr.'s %Aromatic 16 N-Sol 1 — — Code Trade Name Content Notes 2 Amsco Odorless Mineral Spirits. — — • 5 Arco Odorless Mineral Spirits — _ 5 Arco Odorless Solvent Light Notes: * Available west of Rockies only. 6 Odorless Mineral Spirits — — lal Not tested for Approved Solvents Bulletin. 17 Shell Sol 17 — _ 17 Shell Sol 72 — — V. Glossary of Terms Table 5: Company Names Corresponding to Numbers in Tables 1 to 4. Some of the terms used in this bulletin are defined 2 Amsco Div.,Union Oil 12 Gulf Oil Co. — U.S. below: Co.of Calif. 13 Exxon Co., U.S.A. Air Pollution: Contamination of the air by waste 4 Apco Oil Corp. 14 Inland Oil &Chemical products of the activities of man. 5 Arco Chemical Co. Corp. Hydrocarbons: Any of a vast family of organic - Div.of Atlantic-Richfield 15 Kerr-McGee Corp. chemical compounds containing carbon and hydrogen 6 Ashland Chemical Co. 16 Nebraska Solvents Co. in various combinations. Div.of Ashland Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Specific chemical com- Co., Inc. 17 Shell Chemical Co. pounds containing a ring of 6 carbon atoms and 6 7 Charter International 18 Skelly Oil Co. hydrogen atoms. The simplest example is benzene. Oil Co. 19 Standard Oil Co.of Calif. Photochemically Reactive Hydrocarbons: Hydro- 10 Green Oil Co. 20 Standard Oil Co. (KY) carbons which are rapidly oxidized under sunlight- 11 Grow Solvents Co., Inc. 21 Union oil Co.of Calif. atmosphere conditions. Of concern under Rule 66 are aromatic hydrocarbons with 7 carbon atoms (Toluene) nitrogen oxides. Disturbs respiratory system, induces and those with more than 8 carbon atoms. coughing, irritates eyes, fades textiles, and reduces Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX): Compounds of nitrogen athletic performance. and oxygen. They are formed when the two gases are Oxidant: Primarily ozone, but often includes other heated together, as in automobile engines or high oxygenated compounds.The terms oxidant and ozone temperature flames. These oxides cause plant damage, are used interchangeably in air pollution terminology. irritate the eyes and nose, and create a brown haze, Petroleum Solvent: Solvent mixture composed of and react with hydrocarbons to form oxidants. many hydrocarbons. Stoddard solvent belongs to this Ozone: A gas made up of 3 oxygen atoms. Forms group. Depending on the manufacturer, aromatic in the atmosphere from oxygen and sunlight and as a hydrocarbon content may range from nearly zero to by-product of hydrocarbon reaction with oxides of 20%. Rule 66-exempt petroleum solvents have less nitrogen. Involved in certain reactions which generate than 8% aromatic hydrocarbons. This bulletin was prepared by Dr. Manfred Wentz, A.C. Lloyd and Robert Classon, IFI Research Center, Silver Spring, Md. 84�c ,�� • I �F� International Fabricare Institute 12251 0904 ON DRYCLEANING g,1 T ch Rd. Silver Spring, Volume 2/Number 2 ©INTERNATIONAL FABRICARE INSTITUTE November/December Safe Handling of Perch loroethylene Part II by William E. Fisher,Director of Research* Part I of this FOCUS covered typical perch loroethylene exposures in drycleaning plants and coin stores, as well as the hazards and potential health effects related to perch loroethylene exposure. Although future health and safety standards will not be any looser than today's, in many cases even exist- ing standards are not being met. Most important is not the standard but your health and the health of your employees, which is priceless. . . This second half of the FOCUS deals with the problem areas leading to execessive perchloroethylene exposure and what can be done to reduce exposures and hazards. • Causes of high perc vapor concentrations occuring in drycleaning plants fall into three broad categories: • Poor machine maintenance and housekeeping • Insufficient ventilation • Improper equipment operation Table of Contents Page V. Common Problem Areas in Percholoroethylene B. Ventilation and Replacement Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Air Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 A. Liquid Solvent Leaks. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .2 C. Emergency Ventilation Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 B. Typical Sources of Vapor Leaks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 D. Automatic Machine Exhaust Fans . . . . . . . . .8 C. Saturated Vapor Leaks—Tumblers and Cookers. . . . .3 E. Unusual Plant Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 V1. Particular Maintenance Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 X. Reducing Individual Exposure in the . . Cleaning Room. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 A. Tumbler Air Inlet Damper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 A. Perchloroethylene Exposure During Transfer . . . . . . B. Cleaning Machine and Tumbler Fans. . . . . . . . . . . .4 10 C. Improper Vapor Adsorber Operation. . . . . . . . . . . .4 B. Proper Body Positioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 D. Duct Work and Dampers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 C. Spot Ventilation Fan. our W . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 D. Increase the Capacity off Your Washer VII. Ways to Locate and Measure Perc Vapors . . . . . . . . . . .5 Exhaust Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A. Leak Detection and Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . .5 XI. How to More Effectively Control Solvent Vapors B. Personal Sampling Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 With Your Adsorber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 VIII. Vapor Masks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 A. The Problem with Floor-Level Pickups. . . . . . . . . . 11 B. Design and Location of Adsorber Pickups. . . . . . . . 11 X. General Ventilation Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . .7 C. Using Flexible Duct. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A. The Effect of Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 X11. Summary: Ways to Reduce Vapor Exposures. . . . . . . . 12 •In this FOCUS, much of the material on parchloroethytene residuals in garments, consumer exposure to vapors, adsorber pick-up design and location is original data and is presented here for the first time, IFI Research chemists John Woolsey,Ivan Andrasik,Michael Kellerand senior technician Condi Buster were instrumental in running the projects which produced this information. W.E.F. Common Problem Areas in Perch loroethylene Plants During the many in-plant surveys conducted by the IFI Research Department, certain common problem areas were frequently found. This section details typical sources for both liquid and vapor leaks. A. Liquid Solvent Leaks several feet away. However, diffusion of these leaks is In our in-plant surveys we have generally found that the primary factor causing the "background" perc between 25-30% of the plants had visible solvent leaks vapor level in the cleaning room. or drips. Liquid solvent leaks not only increase solvent In IFI studies, five consistent problem areas have consumption but increase the general solvent vapor been found: concentration in the cleaning area. • The washer door Of the ten plants found in one survey to have visible Y Washer button trap solvent leaks, just three areas — the washer door, the • The cooker doors cooker door and pipe unions — accounted for 54% of • Recovery tumbler door the leaks. A single leak that drips only once every 5 • Tumbler lint trap door seconds for 8 hours a day results in a monthly loss of Vapor leaks from the loading door and button traps 12 gallons of solvent. on a cleaning machine are a particular concern because The losses from liquid leaks such as these are almost the machine is usually run about one-half of the day. completely non-recoverable. Usually the drop of sol- The problem of long running times also holds true vent hits a large surface area, such as the floor or part for the tumbler door and the tumbler lint trap door, of the cleaning equipment, then rapidly evaporates. but here the problem is worse because a positive pres- We emphasize good housekeeping because we don't sure from the tumbler fan forces vapors into the room. see how anyone can find liquid solvent leaks when a In cookers and stills, increased pressure — again forcing machine is dirty — as in Photo 5. Many times, leaks oc- vapors into the room — occurs as a result of the distil- curring from the rear of drycleaning equipment go lation process. completely unnoticed because the drop falls into an oily lint build-up on the back of the machine.. ® „� v 7tfl .. YlaI ],x:> ... ">" rpt • W �1 las i'+ q 44 /qy Open buckets of solvent are also a source of pare vapors in the cleaning 1. area. Inexpensive covers can easily be made,such as this one from a serv. � ing tray. b In Table 9, „Point Sources of Vapor Losses," we show eight different points which we checked for va- por losses in a survey of 39 perc plants. Both the vapor Photo 5—A dirty drycleaning machine levels in ppm and the percentage of plants which fell Location and control of leaks are covered more ex- into each range are shown. tensively in IFI Special Reporters on "Perchloroethy- During a period of poor general plant ventilation — lene Vapors in Drycleaning Plants (1-14)" and "The such as might occur in the winter — localized vapor ABC's of Solvent Mileage — Parts One and Two (3-4; leaks from machine components could raise the aver- 4-1)." age TWA concentration in the cleaning area above th� B. Typical Sources of Vapor Leaks allowable 100 ppm. While perc vapor leaks found in the cleaning area In Table 10, most of the localized leaks can be cor- usually have high concentration levels at their source, rected by replacing door gaskets and adjusting door this concentration drops off rapidly when measured hinges and springs. Check for proper fitting of tumbler 2 �or gaskets by placing paper strips around the door strips out without tearing them, the gasket is not suffi- ening and close the door on them. If you can pull the ciently tight. Adjust the tension and replace the gasket. TABLE 9 - Point Sources of Vapor Losses Source of Vapor Leak Perchloroethylene Washer Tumbler Tumbler- Tumbler- Cooker Water Vapor Washer Concentration Door Button Door Aerate Lint Bag Doors Separator Trap Dr Inlet Door Vent less than 20 ppm 10.3% 7.7% - - 2.6% _ 21 - 50 ppm 10.3% 5.1% 7.7% - 2.6% - - 51 - 100 ppm 12.8% 10.3% - - - 5.1% - 101 - 200 ppm 7.7% 7.7% 5.1% - 7.7% - - 201 - 300 ppm 10.3% 5.1% 5.1% 2.6% - - - 301 - 500 ppm 5.1% - 10.3% 2.6% - 5.1% 2.6% 501 - 1000 ppm 23.1% 10.3% 15.4% 2.6% 5.1% 7.7% 2.6% Over 1000 ppm 2.6% - 2.6% - - - 2.6% % Plants with Leaks 82.1% 46.2% 46.2% 7.7% 17.9% 17.9% 7.7% No. of Plants with Leaks 32 18 18 3 7 7 3 Note: A total of 39 perc plants were surveyed in this study TABLE 10 - Maximum Perc Vapor Concentrations at Increasing Temperatures Maximum Temperature PPM-Vapor Typical Sources or Conditions for Vapor* 68OF 22,050 Cool exhaust air from washer 860F 35,280 Warm exhaust air from washer 1040F 54,390 Warm adsorber exhaust 140OF 120,540 Inside tumbler or in initial exhaust 1760F 241,080 - 1880F 300,860 Boiling point, perc/water azeotrope (84% perc, 16% H20) 1940F 330,750 - 212oF 448,350 - 2460F 757,050 Approximate Boiling point, pure perc (Actual B.P. 2500F) *The vapor concentrations shown for each temperature are maximums possible and would rarely- if ever-reach the levels shown except in the tumbler or still/cooker. C. Saturated Vapor Leaks - Tumblers and Cookers cooker-door gaskets are cooled and diluted in the air, The problem of vapor leaks from tumblers and they can measurably raise the background level of perc cookers is compounded by the temperatures that vapors in the cleaning area. develop during the operation of this equipment. The In the particular case of a cooker or still, an atmos- saturation concentration is the maximum vapor that pheric vent is necessary because of pressure built up can be held in air at a given temperature. Table 10 during distillation. Although these pressures are very shows the saturation concentrations in ppm for per- low, some saturated vapors will be forced out of the hloroethylene at various temperatures. The right-hand vent at concentrations which could range from 300,000 lumn gives examples of a source or condition which ppm to 760,000 ppm. For this reason, still or cooker could produce these levels. vents should be connected to an adsorber or run out- When saturated vapors leaking past the tumbler and side. 3 TABLE 11 —Necessary CFM Air Flow Through Cleaning Machine or Tumbler Door for 100 FPM Velocity • Door Diameter Area Opening-Sq. Ft. Minimum CFM Flow Open or Split Pocket Open Split Open Split 13" 0.92 0.46 92 46 14" 1.07 0.53 107 53 15" 1.23 0.61 123 61 '6" 1.40 0.70 140 70 ----------------------------------------------- 17" 1.58 0.79 158 79 18" 1.77 0.88 177 88 19" 1.97 0.99 197 99 20" 2.18 1.09 218 109 22" 2.64 1.32 264 132 24" 3.14 1.57 314 157 28" 4.28 2.14 428 214 30" 4.91 2.45 491 245 32" 5.59 2.80 559 280 VI. Particular Maintenance Problems Certain mechanical items are distinctive enough to merit separate attention. Among these are tumbler aerate dampers, fans on cleaning machines and tumblers, proper adsorber operation and adsorber ducting. A. Tumbler Air Inlet Damper it hasn't always been with new tumbler installations; An improperly seated, air-inlet (aerate) damper on a some have been running for several years. Check to see tumbler will leak a substantial volume of perc vapors that the fan motor is rotating in the proper directio into the cleaning area during the recovery cycle. Check there should be an arrow on the fan motor casing the damper to make sure that it is always fully closed indicating proper rotation. This condition not only during the recovery cycle and that it is open during increases the required time for drying but can also deodorize. force saturated air out of the air inlet damper during Accumulation of lint or other particles may prevent deodorize. this. Mechanical adjustment to the linkage may be C. Improper Vapor Adsorber Operation needed to provide sufficient tension for proper seating. In one multiple in-plant study, IFI research found If the damper gasket is hard or cracked, it should be vapor adsorbers in 51% of the perc plants visited. Of replaced. these plants, only about one-third had proper exhaust B. Cleaning Machine and Tumbler Fans concentrations of 30 ppm or less. Almost one-half of A problem area we have encountered in plants has the adsorbers checked had exhaust concentrations been non-operating cleaning machine or recovery tum- ranging from 500 ppm to over 1000 ppm. For the aver- bler door fans. The purpose of these fans is to draw age adsorber with an exhaust volume of 600 cubic feet any solvent vapors which may still be inside the equip- per minute (cfm), this amounts to 1/2 gallon of perc ment away from the operator and out through exhaust lost every hour. Improper adsorber operation becomes ducting. a dangerous problem when the exhaust is ducted inside While the fan motor itself may be inoperable, the the plant instead of being properly ducted outside. problem often lies with the door interlock switch. All Even at a concentration of 100-200 ppm, an adsorber cleaning machines and tumblers are required by law to exhaust ducted inside the plant can quickly raise the have an operating interlock switch which is actuated breathing concentrations in the cleaning area to un- when the door of the unit is open — turning on the ex- acceptable levels. haust fan. An adsorber is very efficient when operated proper- A second problem which occurs on recovery tum- ly. Over 120,000 ppm can be pumped into it from a blers is reversed fan rotation. A recovery tumbler will tumbler during the aerate cycle, but the adsorber e� function with a reversed fan rotation, but very ineffi- haust should be 30 ppm or less — that's efficient! N ciently. On the occasions we've found this condition, perly used, vapor adsorbers are one of the best tools 4 available to the perc cleaner for increasing solvent mile- floor pickups may have a positive pressure in them e and reducing vapor concentrations in the cleaning when the cleaning machine and tumbler fans are run- rea; however, they are not designed to be used as a ning. Depending on the configuration of the entire crutch so that maintenance and efficiency of other duct system, saturated perc vapors from the cleaning equipment can be forgotten. machine or tumbler will be blown out through the i D. Duct Work and Dampers floor level pickup if it is the path of least resistance. Duct work in poor condition can be a significant Butterfly dampers in the pickups are used to prevent source of vapor leaks into the cleaning room area. this reverse flow. These dampers have two semi-cir- Ducting from the cleaning machine, recovery tumbler cular pieces of sheet metal in them which are only free or adsorber pickups should be in good condition, solid to pivot upward. Thus, room air can pass through the and non-corroded. Additionally, all ducts should be butterfly damper but a reverse flow from the duct sys- firmly supported from the wall or ceiling by brackets tem cannot occur. or rod hangers. If butterfly dampers are not in all of your floor It is a poor practice to depend on the rigidity of the pickups, and there is a problem of a reverse flow duct itself to hold the entire system in place. Vibration coming out from the pickups, the pickups should be from the cleaning machine and tumbler will cause the sealed off entirely until butterfly dampers are installed. duct to shift and change alignment, allowing seams to open. Duct joints should be securely fastened together, r .' either with pop rivets or sheet metal screws. This gives mechanical rigidity to the joint, but it is not the only ' >a step. In Photo 6, a good quality duct tape is wrapped around the joint at least twice to seal any leakage t +" which could result from a poor fit at the joint. Deteri- orating duct joints are one of the most common prob- lems that we have seen in the plants visited. ` • When an adsorber is installed, the ducting going to Photo 6—Dud joint with tape and rivets VII. Ways to Locate and Measure Perc Vapors Everytime your cleaning machine or recovery tumbler wheels turn, some vibration is produced. With each vibration, another part of the machine loosens. Small leaks resulting from loose connections contribute their part to raising the background perc level in the cleaning room. We recommend that a periodic check (about once every two weeks) for vapor leaks be part of your regu- lar machine maintenance procedures. Every plant should have at least some method of detecting vapor leaks. A.Leak Detection and Measurement , 1. Halide torch: If nothing else, every perchloro- ethylene plantshould haveand use a halide torch. Photo t 7 shows a typical halide torch with its special nozzle, ? 9 air inlet hose and propane tank.These can be purchased for about $15 from almost any refrigeration supply s house or safety equipment distributor. In use, the torch is lit and adjusted to give an .'ft -v almost colorless flame; the end of the hose is moved around to points of suspected vapor leaks. When a leak lk,i is found the vapors drawn through the hose cause the flame color to change — as concentrations increase, the r R'' flame will go from a pale blue-green to an intense green �nd finally to a brilliant blue. IN Technical Bulletin " •. T-488 gives a complete description of the torch and its Photo 7—Halide torch use. 5 2. Ionization detectors: These units give off a "ticking" sound — like a Geiger counter — which in- " creases in frequency with higher perc vapor levels. Photo 8 shows a battery-operated model. The cost of � the unit is approximately $120 to $140; several distrib- utors in the drycleaning industry handle these. Addi- tional information on the principles and operation of the units is in bulletin T-488. s AN 19 ( t - 37 Photo 9—Personal sampler pump Pocket dosimeters are relatively new to the field of personal sampling for TWA. These dosimeters — which are r i similar n size a small charcoal-filled shape badge con- tain -filledwafer which picksupthe Photo 8—Battery-operated ionization detector solvent vapors. Pick-up of solvent vapors occurs solely through air movement. The IFI Research Department The next step in ionization detectors are sophisti- has just begun to test dosimeters of this type. I cated units. These units can detect and measure perc these are suitable, a package price for the dosimeter vapors 20 ppm to over 1200 ppm; however, they carry and analysis combined will be approximately $30. a stiff price tag — approximately $1100. " B. Personal Sampling Monitors The exposure measurement which reflects overall + daily exposure by an individual — and the one which is of importance to OSHA — is the time weighted average (TWA). In order to capture a continuous 4-to 8-hour E µ sample, a personal sampling pump is normally used; Photo 9 shows a pump and the charcoal-tube holder which is clipped to the collar. In use, the pump draws • .t . . vapor-laden air through the charcoal tube, which is is inside a small plastic holder clipped to the collar. The ' a pump is usually run for 4 to 8 hours, at which time f the tube is removed and sent to a laboratory for analy- sis on a gas chromatograph. Personal sampling pumps usually cost between $300-$350, and a sample analysis is about $25. Photo 10—A pocket dosimeter VIII. Vapor Masks Inexpensive vapor masks using chemical cartridges should be in every perc plant. These masks should be worn at the appropriate times by you and your employees. In any case where a person's TWA exposure would exceed 100 ppm for an 8-hour day, we strongly recommend that a mask be worn at all times while in the cleaning room. 6 Appropriate times for wearing a vapor mask do not would be working for a 5-minute or longer period over itst include a major solvent spill. Any time that there a solvent dip tank. an exposure to extremely high vapor levels a vapor Any person doing a large number of transfers each mask should be used. These include the following: day — more than approximately 4 per hour — should During the unloading of a cooker or draining of a wear a vapor mask during each transfer operation. If still, a mask should always be worn — as seen in Photo the background concentrations of perc vapors in the 11. As previously mentioned, solvent vapors which cleaning area are relatively high — 75 ppm and up — we come out of a cooker or still are saturated and may recommend that a vapor mask be worn constantly un- reach exceedingly high concentrations. til the source of vapor leaks giving the high background A mask should be worn when there is any consistent reading can be found and corrected. work around an open tank of perc. An example of this In the event of a spill, masks must be worn by any- one entering the area of the spill! Preferably, two masks should be available in each plant: one in the cleaning area (kept in a vapor-proof container) and the second kept in the office or at the call counter. ' Recommendations for controlling a spill are given in _ w Part I of this FOCUS. A v Some plant owners make it a practice to wear a vapor mask during each transfer in order to eliminate peak exposures. Photo 11 —Proper use of vapor mask IX, General Ventilation Recommendations Plant ventilation characteristics directly affect the perc vapor levels in that plant. When total plant ven- tilation is minimal — or non-existent — even small sources of vapor leaks can produce an increasingly higher background level of perc vapors in the cleaning area to which each transfer operation will add. Recommendations for general ventilation requirements, emergency ventilation systems and machine fan capacities are covered in this section. A.The Effect of Climate during cold months occurs in your plant, various Inadequate ventilation periodically occurs in plants ventilation recommendations are contained in this located in regions where there are seasonal changes in FOCUS. temperature. In these plants, the winter months may B. Ventilation and Replacement Air be the time of highest vapor levels. Recommendations During this time, outside air brought into the plant General ventilation requirements are considered so for ventilation must be heated to an acceptable temper- important that many states and cities establish specific ature — which is more expensive than simply heating standards for drycleaning plants. These are usually air being recirculated within the plant. Consequently, determined and administered by local or state Depart- the tendency is to recirculate inside air exclusively. ments of Public Health. The Michigan standards are Although this makes sense from the standpoint of often considered to be a model for the industry. Those nergy consumption (and therefore economics), the standards were reported in "Perchloroethylene Vapors rise in ambient perc vapor levels may be unacceptable in Drycleaning Plants" (IFI Special Reporter 1-14, from a health aspect. If an increase in perc vapor levels September 1973). 7 The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for this ventilation system shall be readily accessible publishes a set of recommendations — "Standards for and clearly identified." Drycleaning Plants" — which are periodically updated This system is designed to provide ventilation in the by the Sectional Committee on Drycleaning. event of a spill or cooker/still boil-over. A switch for For genera/ ventilation, NFPA recommends that the fan located well outside of the cleaning area allows perc plants be provided with ventilation adequate to a person to start ventilation without having to enter maintain an average solvent concentration less than the area of highest solvent vapors. 100 ppm anywhere within the plant. The Michigan D. Automatic Machine Exhaust Fans code requires a minimum of a complete change of air All drycleaning machines and tumblers must have in the plant every 5 minutes and states that a typical exhaust fans which are turned on by an interlock plant will use a 5000 cfm, 1/4 inch static pressure fan. switch whenever the door of the unit is opened. The Smaller or larger plants would require different fan NFPA Handbook recommends that a drycleaning capacities; for example, a plant 20 ft. x 50 ft. with a machine or tumbler vent system maintain a mini- 15-ft. ceiling would require a 3000 cfm fan to achieve mum of 100 FPM (feet per minute) air velocity one change every 5 minutes. through the loading door whenever it is opened. As an Locate the exhaust fan in the plant in the ceiling or alternative, NFPA states that an external ventilation on the wall above or behind the general cleaning area. shroud (pickup), immediately outside the door, may This helps to insure that fresh air is drawn through the be used if the air flow capacity in cubic feet per min- cleaning area so the vapors are pulled away from the ute (CFM) is not less than 100 times the area (in operator. square feet) of the actual door opening. The Michigan standards also contain requirements This recommendation insures that an adequate air for replacement or make-up air which must be equal to flow passes into the cleaning machine or tumbler and or slightly larger than the total air being exhausted carries solvent vapors away from the person handling from the building. For replacement air, one square them. Table 11 (p. 4) provides information about foot of intake is equivalent to 500 cfm exhaust. For a converting door diameters on open-pocket cleaning 3000 cfm exhaust fan, 6 sq. feet of intake service is machines or recovery tumblers to the CFM flo necessary. necessary to achieve a 100 FPM velocity. (For split/ When an exhaust fan is operating, a slight negative pocket cleaning machines where the door opening is pressure condition occurs in the plant. Under practical only a half-circle, measure the width (diameter) at the conditions, outside air will flow back into the plant. If bottom of the door opening and use the values for a large opening is not provided — such as an intake split-pocket machines.) For example, a tumbler with a vent, door or window — the air will infiltrate through 24" diameter door opening should have an exhaust fan small cracks and leaks. Preferably, this air will be capable of 314 CFM minumum. brought in through an intake opening; a suggested E. Unusual Plant Locations location is through the roof, close to the front of the A specific point covered in the Michigan State stan- plant, sothatair is drawn from the plant front, through dards is that drycleaning systems may not be installed to the back and exhausted in the cleaning area. Intake in basements or other locations difficult to ventilate. vents should not be closer than 20 feet to exhaust Moreover if a solvent spill or still boil-over occurs, ducts for perc vapors. the hazard created can quickly become life-threat- ening. C. Emergency Ventilation Systems IFI agrees and recommends that drycleaning systems The NFPA Handbook recommends that "manually not be installed in basements, even if permitted by operated emergency ventilation for spills or leaks shall local code. Any location which lacks the potential for be installed to provide an air change every 5 minutes good natural ventilation requires a better-than-average within 15 ft. of the drycleaning equipment. The switch mechanical ventilation system for everyday operations. X. Reducing Individual Exposure in the Cleaning Room The highest in-plant exposures occur in the cleaning room. Transfer operations are of particular concern because of the peak levels of perc vapors which occur during transfer. Table 4 in Part I shows that the oper- ator's peak exposure is often 1000 ppm or higher. This section shows how peak exposures occur during transfer and gives methods that can be used in any plant to reduce them. 8 A.Perch loroethylene Exposure During Transfer Although experienced drycleaning machine opera- What happens in unloading one side of a split-pocket Ors may no longer notice them, brief, high levels of machine, or in unloading all of an open-pocket ma- perc vapor occur during almost every transfer opera- chine in one trip? First — as shown in Photo A — tion. The length and amount of exposure will differ there is a pumping action or "piston effect" where the depending on the size and type of cleaning machine as load pushes perc vapors out in front of it as it is well as other factors, such as ventilation. Still, there are pulled through the washer door. This starts the dra- enough similarities to give a representative example of matic climb in exposure to perc vapors. exposure during transfer. Second, as the load is transferred (Photo B), vapor In Figure 12, we show a graph of typical perc expo- levels peak. Finally, as the load is placed in the tumbler sures during transfer and illustrate the three basic steps (Photo C), vapor levels are just ready to drop. A single in the transfer operations: peak marked "A, B, C" shows these three steps. • Removal of garments from the cleaning machine, Following the single transfer operation in a small • Transfer to the recovery tumbler, and open-pocket machine, the perc levels will drop down • Placing garments in the tumbler. close to their original level before transfer. In a split- Each time there is a transfer, a peak (or peaks) pocket machine (or in a large open-pocket machine), a occurs. The graph shows two sets of double peaks; in second 'A B, C" operation is done, resulting in a peak this case, each set represents a complete transfer opera- which is as high as the first. When the transfer is fully tion in a split-pocket machine. The two sets of trans- completed, and both cleaning machine and tumbler fers are separated by about 30 minutes, which is aver- doors are closed, the perc levels gradually taper off to age spacing for loads in a plant. their original background level or slightly higher. Figure 12— Exposure to Perchloroethylene Vapors During Transfer r i t r.. A B c PPM 1200 A,B,C 1000 A2 B2 c2 800 600 400 Vapor Respirator Required By OSHA Above 300 PPM 200 0 15 30 45 60 Time—Minutes 9 B. Proper Body Positioning Several years ago it was found that the cleaning load and the operator's breathing zone. machine operator can vary exposure with different As Dow stated: "The most important consideration positioning of the head and body. Reductions of sev- is the location of the fan. The fan should be 7 to 9 fee* eral hundred ppm in the peak level can be achieved. from the floor, and directed toward the center of the Never bend into the washer door while unloading transfer area to blow the vapors down and away from garments after extraction — as seen in Photo 12. This the equipment operator's breathing zone. Place the practice will maximize peak vapor exposures. fan so that the operator and the equipment do not Try to stay as erect as possible—as seen in Photo 13— block the flow of air from the fan. Care must be taken and not lean toward or into the door. At the same to be sure that the fan sweeps the whole transfer area time, keep your head 'turned away from the garments without leaving dead spaces near the washer or the as much as is reasonably possible. dryer. An easy way to test the air flow is to observe the movement of smoke from a cigarette." „s A low-velocity propeller fan between 16 and 20 i . inches in diameter, moving 1000-1500 CFM of air and 4„ connected to the door interlock switch on the recovery tumbler is recommended. Generally, the fan has been `+ ceiling-hung and angled so that it is pointed towards the transfer area between the cleaning machine and i tumbler. The approximate cost of a fan of this type is $40-$50. f D. Increase the Capacity of Your Washer Exhaust Fan �O While this is still in the experimental stage, and the IFI Research Department will be doing further work on it, data from our own installation showed that possibly the most efficient method of reducing peak Photo iz—Do not bend into washer door exposure is to substantially increase the capacity of the• As the load is transferred to the tumbler, it should cleaning machine exhaust fan. be held as far down from the face and breathing zone During recent research work with new designs and as possible. High door levels in split-pocket machines locations for adsorber pickups, we increased air-flow sometimes make this difficult, as seen in Photo B of through our cleaning machine and our recovery tum- Figure 12. bler. We were surprised at the results of boosting the ycapacity of the washer exhaust fan. On our particular cleaning machine, the standard fan capacity moved 250-300 cubic feet per minute (CFM); this is in line with the NFPA-recommended minimum 1 � F CFM flow fora 22" diameter door (Table 11, Page 4). We increased this flow to approximately 450 CFM by using a booster fan in the exhaust duct coming out from the cleaning machine. By doing so, we found that peak exposure values were reduced by as much as 60- ' + 70%. Additionally, we found that the 10-minute, w a TWA measurements that we had taken during transfer operations could be reduced by as much as 80-85%. v In our tests, we started with a 10-inch duct fan rated Photo 13—Stand straight to minimize vapor exposure at 425 free air CFM (about $14). We found that this Finally, always unload the tumbler first so that unit had insufficient boost when driven against the garments can be transferred directly from the washer back pressure of our total exhaust ducting, so we re- into the tumbler without sitting in a hamper or on placed it with a larger 1/15 h.p., 3000 rpm motor with a cart. a 9-inch fan blade. C.Spot Ventilating Fan A possible drawback to this method may occur if a A method suggested by Dow Chemical, resulting vapor adsorber is being used; the total CFM going into from ventilation studies in plants, is to use a ventilating the adsorber may exceed its rated capacity when the fan — such as a small window unit — to provide a flow recovery tumbler exhaust is included. Even so, if this of air which would blow solvent vapors away from the modification works as well as it has in our own facili- 10 ties, we feel it might be worth while to temporarily utes necessary for the transfer operation. We will be �verload the adsorber inlet capacity for the 1-2 min- doing further work on this procedure in other plants. XI. How To More Effectively Control Solvent Vapors With Your Absorber The current design location of vapor adsorber pick-ups at floor level severely limits their potential effective- ness in controlling perc levels in the workers' breathing zone, particularly during transfer operations. During in-plant studies, IFI usually found the highest perc vapor levels occuring from approximately the waist level of a person up to one foot over their head. When a plant has a vapor adsorber, changes in the design and location of pickups and ducting modifications can increase the effectiveness of the adsorber in controlling perc exposures. A.The Problem with Floor-Level Pick-ups mend that pick-ups be located between the cleaning In many industries, exhaust hoods and fans have machine and tumbler at approximately waist to chest been located at the floor, based on the theory that sol- height, or that the pick-up possibly even be placed di- vent vapors are "heavier than air and will sink to the rectly over the cleaning machine door. floor." This may happen in a room with absolutely no The purpose of a pick-up located between the wash- air movement, but, as industrial ventilation experts er and recovery tumbler — particularly when these have learned, hazardous vapors frequently follow air units are set at right angles to each other — is to pull currents in a room. Additionally, they are not usually vapors from the load during transfer down and away subject to any appreciable downward movement be- from the machine operator's breathing zone. Photo 14 cause of their density. shows an installation of this type. Perch loroethylene vapors are a typical example of d this. Even at 30,000 ppm (the saturation concentration d ®r at 800F.), the effective specific gravity of these vapors G �• 4 - " t �is only 1.141 (compared to air at 1.000). �'� ` w ' •� J More realistically, air with perc vapors at 100 ppm has an effective specific gravity of 1.0005. The differ- ence between this and air at 1.000 is exceedingly small, with the result that there is minimal downward force due to density which could cause the vapors to settle to the floor. Generally, IFI has found that air convection cur- rents have a far greater effect on the locations of .. . highest pert vapor levels in the cleaning area. We be- _ lieve this is because many of the leaked vapors are Photo 14—Cleaning machine and tumbler,with pick-up slightly warm — such as from the recovery tumbler, A second possible location is directly above the a prime source of leaks — and they tend to float or cleaning machine door, as seen in Photo 15. Caution even slightly rise in the cleaning area because of their must be used to insure that the pick-up location does warmth. not result in perc vapors being drawn from a machine Higher perc vapor levels can be found at the floor door directly through the breathing zone of the oper- if there are liquid leaks which are dripping onto the ator. In this particular installation, the new pickup floor, or when a muck cooker is unloaded. In the location is very effective because of the low machine latter case, saturated solvent vapors inside the cooker height and the set-back of the loading door from the roll-out from the bottom cooker door and encounter front of the machine. much cooler air. This will often produce a "fog" as The plant shown in Photo 15 is one which we have the vapors are condensed into visible droplets. Photo examined on a number of occasions. Prior to instal- 17, on page 12, illustrates this. lation of the adsorber and use of this particular pick- B. Design and Location of Adsorber Pick-ups up, perc vapor levels were very high during transfer Work done by IFI on redesign and relocation of operations. Also, general perc vapor concentrations pick-ups for vapor adsorbers has indicated a number of in the cleaning area were also very high, usually over changes to us. These include elimination of all — or al- 100 ppm. Measurements in the cleaning area now most all — floor-level pick-ups. Instead, we recom- show a background reading of 20 ppm or less. 11 " 35%; that is, from a typical 1000 ppm down to an A ` average of 650 ppm. } C. Using Flexible Duct ` w Duct work does not have to be made ol rigid gal- vanized metal — in many cases, a flexible duct (of material resistant to perc vapors) can be used for spot LC perc vapor control, such as when cleaning out a cooker or still. Photo 17 shows how effective this can be. 1 7 In this plant, a length of flexible ducting has been connected to the central duct leading to the adsorber. During most of the day, the end of the duct is kept Photo 15—Pick-up over cleaning machine door covered. When the cooker is started, the duct is open- Photo 16 shows a close-up of a "slot-type" pick-up ed and kept in position at the top cooker door — as used in the cleaning room shown in Photo 14. Of the seen in Photo 18 — to pick up any perc vapor leaks. three pick=ups in the system,this is the only one turned The duct is then dropped down to the clean-out on during transfer operations — the small lever seen in door during unloading so that it can pick up saturated the photo controls a damper inside the duct. (Of solvent vapors still present in the cooker. course, both the washer and the recovery tumbler are v also exhausting to the adsorber during transfer). TM aF ~~ -mow WMI.1 „f a r qYv Photo 16—Slot-type pick-up For a given CFM air flow In a duct, a slot-type Photo 17—Cleaning out a cooker pick-up has one of the highest capture velocities for ® —++ t vapors in front of the pick-up. The addition of a flange "T"� — ---- r around the front edge of a pick-up (so that it does not -- draw air from behind it) will increase capture veto- " r city. To be considered a slot-type, a pick-up must have , a height to width ratio that is 0.2 or less. The pick-up n shown here originally had a ratio of 0.38; with the ° a duct-tape across the opening, the ratio is 0.19. In studies at the Research Center with slot pick- ups and approximately 400 CFM air flow in the duct, we reduced average peak exposure during transfer by Photo 18—Open duct XII. Summary: Ways To Reduce Vapor Exposures Many approaches can be taken — both singly and in combination — which will be effective in reducing general perch loroethylene vapor levels. Housekeeping, proper machine maintenance, periodic checks on vapor levels and better general plant ventilation will all help in this area. Much of this FOCUS, Part I I is devoted to methods of reducing exposure during transter. Spot ventilation, auxiliary fans, body positioning and relocation of adsorber pick-ups help in this respect. When there is a high number of transfers each day, time-weighted averages may become unacceptably high. Using a hot machine will eliminate peak exposures occurring during transfer, thereby lowering the TWA. 12 i i i i i /oo. o 0 I - - � h i 3 7T p,47 5 S7 ik C_-' i -- I M. si 7117o i �fsT r^ jet ✓2 /'/A R Q v/5 . j I Oil. A A yi ♦ t V— - Y d P Y 7 ., ARTICLE 10 " DRY CLEANING PLANTS I' y SECTION F-1000.0. SCOPE The equipment, processes and operation of dry cleaning plants shall' comply with the applicable requirements of this code and the detail pro- ' visions of this article, * kyr F-1000:1. Permit Required. No person shall engage in the business of ' dry cleaning without a permit obtained from the fire official, which shall prescribe the degree of hazard (high, moderate, low) of the system to be used. ' oyez No change shall be made in the solvent used in the equipment, to a more hazardous class unless permission for such change shall first have x w w t i been obtained from the fire official. g. e{y asf - X A F-1001.0. Definitions.—For the purpose of this article and as used in «z this code, the following words and terms shall have the meaning shown. . r, dry cleaning. The process of removing dirt, grease, paints and other stains a from wearing apparel, textiles, fabrics, rugs, etc., by the use of non- t aqueous liquid solvents, flammable or nonflammable, and it shall include the process of dyeing clothes or other fabrics or textiles in a solution of "> 4-V, ',7 dye colors and nonaqueous liquid solvents. 1 rp *'*'• ** 1 - rated (as applied to solvents). Classified as to fire .hazard in accordance 4� with nationally recognized good practice. :¢ SECTION 1010.0. FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS The layout, arrangement and construction of buildings and structures r ,. used for dry cleaning operations'shall comply with the applicable require- " ments of the Basic BuildingCode for theappropriate occv anc use t. . occupancy group a . classification, and shall be provided with fire protection and fire extinguish- ;. 1.. ment equipment as required by that code. Buildings and structures and y * their service equipment shall be maintained in safe and sound condition as e C required by this code. F-1010.1. Classification of Systems.—Dry cleaning systems shall be § yfi a s t w classified as follows. W z ; j y F-1010.11. High Hazard.—All such establishments shall be classified as y t high hazard which employ gasoline or other solvents having a flash point � ;• below seventy-five (75) degrees F. (Tag. closed-cup) in quantities of more 1 than three (3) gallons, or more than sixty (60) gallons of flammable sol- .•far r?k'- vents with a flash �+ s point between seventy-five (75) and one hundred and, forty (140) degrees F. (Tag. closed-cup). ' " ++ F-1010.12. Moderate Hazard.—All such establishments employing less at ; than three (3) gallons of volatile flammables with a flash point of less than A"- seventy-five (75) degrees F. or less than sixty (60) gallons of solvent with a flash point between seventy-five (75) and one hundred and forty (140) rl It { degrees F. (closed-cup) shall be classified as moderate hazard. 11*u a < { F-1010.13. Low Hazard.—All such establishments using solvents of � # other than volatile flammable liquids or solvents with a flash point more than one hundred and forty (140) degrees F. (closed-cup) in cleaning and j dyeing operations shall be classified as low hazard. 16 l y � •. ! Yom`..